/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details. * * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive * events about window (dis-)appearance. Only one X connection at a time is * allowed to select for this event mask. * * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking. Due reading * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows * event dispatching in O(1) time. * * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have * set the override_redirect flag. Clients are organized in a global * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global * stack list. Each client contains an array of Bools of the same size as the * global tags array to indicate the tags of a client. * * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h. * * To understand everything else, start reading main(). */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include /* macros */ #define BUTTONMASK (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask) #define CLEANMASK(mask) (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask)) #define LENGTH(x) (sizeof x / sizeof x[0]) #define MAXTAGLEN 16 #define MOUSEMASK (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask) #define DEFGEOM(GEONAME,BX,BY,BW,WX,WY,WW,WH,MX,MY,MW,MH,TX,TY,TW,TH,MOX,MOY,MOW,MOH) \ void GEONAME(void) { \ bx = (BX); by = (BY); bw = (BW); \ wx = (WX); wy = (WY); ww = (WW); wh = (WH); \ mx = (MX); my = (MY); mw = (MW); mh = (MH); \ tx = (TX); ty = (TY); tw = (TW); th = (TH); \ mox = (MOX); moy = (MOY); mow = (MOW); moh = (MOH); \ } /* enums */ enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast }; /* cursor */ enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast }; /* color */ enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast }; /* EWMH atoms */ enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */ /* typedefs */ typedef struct Client Client; struct Client { char name[256]; int x, y, w, h; int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh; int minax, maxax, minay, maxay; long flags; unsigned int bw, oldbw; Bool isbanned, isfixed, isfloating, isurgent; Bool *tags; Client *next; Client *prev; Client *snext; Window win; }; typedef struct { int x, y, w, h; unsigned long norm[ColLast]; unsigned long sel[ColLast]; Drawable drawable; GC gc; struct { int ascent; int descent; int height; XFontSet set; XFontStruct *xfont; } font; } DC; /* draw context */ typedef struct { const char *symbol; void (*apply)(void); } Geom; typedef struct { unsigned long mod; KeySym keysym; void (*func)(const char *arg); const char *arg; } Key; typedef struct { const char *symbol; void (*arrange)(void); Bool isfloating; } Layout; typedef struct { const char *class; const char *instance; const char *title; const char *tag; Bool isfloating; } Rule; /* function declarations */ void applyrules(Client *c); void arrange(void); void attach(Client *c); void attachstack(Client *c); void ban(Client *c); void buttonpress(XEvent *e); void checkotherwm(void); void cleanup(void); void configure(Client *c); void configurenotify(XEvent *e); void configurerequest(XEvent *e); unsigned int counttiled(void); void destroynotify(XEvent *e); void detach(Client *c); void detachstack(Client *c); void drawbar(void); void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]); void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert); void *emallocz(unsigned int size); void enternotify(XEvent *e); void eprint(const char *errstr, ...); void expose(XEvent *e); void floating(void); /* default floating layout */ void focus(Client *c); void focusin(XEvent *e); void focusnext(const char *arg); void focusprev(const char *arg); Client *getclient(Window w); unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr); long getstate(Window w); Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size); void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused); void grabkeys(void); unsigned int idxoftag(const char *t); void initfont(const char *fontstr); Bool isoccupied(unsigned int t); Bool isprotodel(Client *c); Bool isurgent(unsigned int t); Bool isvisible(Client *c); void keypress(XEvent *e); void killclient(const char *arg); void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa); void mappingnotify(XEvent *e); void maprequest(XEvent *e); void monocle(void); void movemouse(Client *c); Client *nexttiled(Client *c); void propertynotify(XEvent *e); void quit(const char *arg); void reapply(const char *arg); void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints); void resizemouse(Client *c); void restack(void); void run(void); void scan(void); void setclientstate(Client *c, long state); void setgeom(const char *arg); void setlayout(const char *arg); void setmfact(const char *arg); void setup(void); void spawn(const char *arg); void tag(const char *arg); unsigned int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len); unsigned int textw(const char *text); void tileh(void); void tilehstack(unsigned int n); Client *tilemaster(unsigned int n); void tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h); void tilev(void); void tilevstack(unsigned int n); void togglefloating(const char *arg); void toggletag(const char *arg); void toggleview(const char *arg); void unban(Client *c); void unmanage(Client *c); void unmapnotify(XEvent *e); void updatebarpos(void); void updatesizehints(Client *c); void updatetitle(Client *c); void updatewmhints(Client *c); void view(const char *arg); void viewprevtag(const char *arg); /* views previous selected tags */ int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee); int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee); int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee); void zoom(const char *arg); /* variables */ char stext[256], buf[256]; int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh; int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *); int bx, by, bw, bh, blw, bgw, mx, my, mw, mh, mox, moy, mow, moh, tx, ty, tw, th, wx, wy, ww, wh; unsigned int numlockmask = 0; void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = { [ButtonPress] = buttonpress, [ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest, [ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify, [DestroyNotify] = destroynotify, [EnterNotify] = enternotify, [Expose] = expose, [FocusIn] = focusin, [KeyPress] = keypress, [MappingNotify] = mappingnotify, [MapRequest] = maprequest, [PropertyNotify] = propertynotify, [UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify }; Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast]; Bool otherwm, readin; Bool running = True; Bool *prevtags; Bool *seltags; Client *clients = NULL; Client *sel = NULL; Client *stack = NULL; Cursor cursor[CurLast]; Display *dpy; DC dc = {0}; Geom *geom = NULL; Layout *lt = NULL; Window root, barwin; /* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */ #include "config.h" #define TAGSZ (LENGTH(tags) * sizeof(Bool)) static Bool tmp[LENGTH(tags)]; /* function implementations */ void applyrules(Client *c) { unsigned int i; Bool matched = False; Rule *r; XClassHint ch = { 0 }; /* rule matching */ XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch); for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) { r = &rules[i]; if((r->t
.TH DWM 1 dwm-VERSION
.SH NAME
dwm \- dynamic window manager
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B dwm
.RB [ \-v ]
.SH DESCRIPTION
dwm is a dynamic window manager for X. It manages windows in tiling and
versatile layouts. Either layout can be applied dynamically, optimizing the
environment for the application in use and the task performed.
.P
In tiling layout windows are managed in a master and stacking area. The master
area contains the windows which currently need most attention, whereas the
stacking area contains all other windows. In versatile layout windows can be
resized and moved freely. Dialog windows are always managed versatile,
regardless of the layout applied.
.P
Windows are grouped by tags. Each window can be tagged with one or multiple
tags. Selecting certain tags displays all windows with these tags.
.P
dwm contains a small status bar which displays all available tags, the layout,
the title of the focused window, and the text read from standard input. The
selected tags are indicated with a different color. The tags of the focused
window are indicated with a filled square in the top left corner.  The tags
which are applied to one or more windows are indicated with an empty square in
the top left corner.
.P
dwm draws a small border around windows to indicate the focus state.
.SH OPTIONS
.TP
.B \-v
prints version information to standard output, then exits.
.SH USAGE
.SS Status bar
.TP
.B Standard input
is read and displayed in the status text area.
.TP
.B Button1
click on a tag label to display all windows with that tag, click on the layout
label toggles between tiling and versatile layout.
.TP
.B Button3
click on a tag label adds/removes all windows with that tag to/from the view.
.TP
.B Button4
click on the layout label increases the number of windows in the master area (tiling layout only).
.TP
.B Button5
click on the layout label decreases the number of windows in the master area (tiling layout only).
.TP
.B Mod1-Button1
click on a tag label applies that tag to the focused window.
.TP
.B Mod1-Button3
click on a tag label adds/removes that tag to/from the focused window.
.SS Keyboard commands
.TP
.B Mod1-Shift-Return
Start
.BR xterm (1).
.TP
.B Mod1-Tab
Focus next window.
.TP
.B Mod1-Shift-Tab
Focus previous window.
.TP
.B Mod1-Return
Zooms/cycles current window to/from master area (tiling layout), toggles maximization of current window (versatile layout).
.TP
.B Mod1-g
Grow master area (tiling layout only).
.TP
.B Mod1-s
Shrink master area (tiling layout only).
.TP
.B Mod1-i
Increase the number of windows in the master area (tiling layout only).
.TP
.B Mod1-d
Decrease the number of windows in the master area (tiling layout only).
.TP
.B Mod1-Shift-[1..n]
Apply
.RB nth
tag to current window.
.TP
.B Mod1-Shift-0
Apply all tags to current window.
.TP
.B Mod1-Control-Shift-[1..n]
Add/remove
.B nth
tag to/from current window.
.TP
.B Mod1-Shift-c
Close focused window.
.TP
.B Mod1-space
Toggle between tiling and versatile layout (affects all windows).
.TP
.B Mod1-Shift-space
Toggle focused window between versatile and non-versatile state (tiling layout only).
.TP
.B Mod1-[1..n]
View all windows with
.BR nth
tag.
.TP
.B Mod1-0
View all windows with any tag.
.TP
.B Mod1-Control-[1..n]
Add/remove all windows with
.BR nth
tag to/from the view.
.TP
.B Mod1-Shift-q
Quit dwm.
.SS Mouse commands
.TP
.B Mod1-Button1
Move current window while dragging (versatile layout only).
.TP
.B Mod1-Button2
Zooms/cycles current window to/from master area (tiling layout), toggles maximization of current window (versatile layout).
.TP
.B Mod1-Button3
Resize current window while dragging (versatile layout only).
.SH CUSTOMIZATION
dwm is customized by creating a custom config.h and (re)compiling the source
code. This keeps it fast, secure and simple.
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR dmenu (1)
.SH BUGS
The status bar may display
.BR "EOF"
when dwm has been started by an X session manager like
.BR xdm (1),
because those close standard output before executing dwm.
.P
Java applications which use the XToolkit/XAWT backend may draw grey windows
only. The XToolkit/XAWT backend breaks ICCCM-compliance in recent JDK 1.5 and early
JDK 1.6 versions, because it assumes a reparenting window manager. As a workaround
you can use JDK 1.4 (which doesn't contain the XToolkit/XAWT backend) or you
can set the following environment variable (to use the older Motif
backend instead):
.BR AWT_TOOLKIT=MToolkit .
generated by cgit-pink 1.4.1-2-gfad0 (git 2.36.2.497.gbbea4dcf42) at 2025-07-23 09:19:14 +0000
dxoftag(const char *t) { unsigned int i; for(i = 0; (i < LENGTH(tags)) && t && strcmp(tags[i], t); i++); return (i < LENGTH(tags)) ? i : 0; } void initfont(const char *fontstr) { char *def, **missing; int i, n; missing = NULL; if(dc.font.set) XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set); dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def); if(missing) { while(n--) fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]); XFreeStringList(missing); } if(dc.font.set) { XFontSetExtents *font_extents; XFontStruct **xfonts; char **font_names; dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0; font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set); n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names); for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) { if(dc.font.ascent < (*xfonts)->ascent) dc.font.ascent = (*xfonts)->ascent; if(dc.font.descent < (*xfonts)->descent) dc.font.descent = (*xfonts)->descent; xfonts++; } } else { if(dc.font.xfont) XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont); dc.font.xfont = NULL; if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr)) && !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed"))) eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr); dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent; dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent; } dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent; } Bool isoccupied(unsigned int t) { Client *c; for(c = clients; c; c = c->next) if(c->tags[t]) return True; return False; } Bool isprotodel(Client *c) { int i, n; Atom *protocols; Bool ret = False; if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) { for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++) if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete]) ret = True; XFree(protocols); } return ret; } Bool isurgent(unsigned int t) { Client *c; for(c = clients; c; c = c->next) if(c->isurgent && c->tags[t]) return True; return False; } Bool isvisible(Client *c) { unsigned int i; for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) if(c->tags[i] && seltags[i]) return True; return False; } void keypress(XEvent *e) { unsigned int i; KeySym keysym; XKeyEvent *ev; ev = &e->xkey; keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0); for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) if(keysym == keys[i].keysym && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state)) { if(keys[i].func) keys[i].func(keys[i].arg); } } void killclient(const char *arg) { XEvent ev; if(!sel) return; if(isprotodel(sel)) { ev.type = ClientMessage; ev.xclient.window = sel->win; ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols]; ev.xclient.format = 32; ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete]; ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime; XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev); } else XKillClient(dpy, sel->win); } void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) { Client *c, *t = NULL; Status rettrans; Window trans; XWindowChanges wc; c = emallocz(sizeof(Client)); c->tags = emallocz(TAGSZ); c->win = w; /* geometry */ c->x = wa->x; c->y = wa->y; c->w = wa->width; c->h = wa->height; c->oldbw = wa->border_width; if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) { c->x = sx; c->y = sy; c->bw = wa->border_width; } else { if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw > wx + ww) c->x = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->bw; if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw > wy + wh) c->y = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->bw; if(c->x < wx) c->x = wx; if(c->y < wy) c->y = wy; c->bw = BORDERPX; } wc.border_width = c->bw; XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc); XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]); configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */ updatesizehints(c); XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask); grabbuttons(c, False); updatetitle(c); if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success)) for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next); if(t) memcpy(c->tags, t->tags, TAGSZ); else applyrules(c); if(!c->isfloating) c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed; attach(c); attachstack(c); XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */ ban(c); XMapWindow(dpy, c->win); setclientstate(c, NormalState); arrange(); } void mappingnotify(XEvent *e) { XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping; XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev); if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard) grabkeys(); } void maprequest(XEvent *e) { static XWindowAttributes wa; XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest; if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa)) return; if(wa.override_redirect) return; if(!getclient(ev->window)) manage(ev->window, &wa); } void monocle(void) { Client *c; for(c = clients; c; c = c->next) if(isvisible(c)) resize(c, mox, moy, mow - 2 * c->bw, moh - 2 * c->bw, RESIZEHINTS); } void movemouse(Client *c) { int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny; unsigned int dui; Window dummy; XEvent ev; ocx = nx = c->x; ocy = ny = c->y; if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync, None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess) return; XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui); for(;;) { XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev); switch (ev.type) { case ButtonRelease: XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime); return; case ConfigureRequest: case Expose: case MapRequest: handler[ev.type](&ev); break; case MotionNotify: XSync(dpy, False); nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1); ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1); if(abs(wx - nx) < SNAP) nx = wx; else if(abs((wx + ww) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->bw)) < SNAP) nx = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->bw; if(abs(wy - ny) < SNAP) ny = wy; else if(abs((wy + wh) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->bw)) < SNAP) ny = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->bw; if(!c->isfloating && !lt->isfloating && (abs(nx - c->x) > SNAP || abs(ny - c->y) > SNAP)) togglefloating(NULL); if((lt->isfloating) || c->isfloating) resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False); break; } } } Client * nexttiled(Client *c) { for(; c && (c->isfloating || !isvisible(c)); c = c->next); return c; } void propertynotify(XEvent *e) { Client *c; Window trans; XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty; if(ev->state == PropertyDelete) return; /* ignore */ if((c = getclient(ev->window))) { switch (ev->atom) { default: break; case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR: XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans); if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL))) arrange(); break; case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS: updatesizehints(c); break; case XA_WM_HINTS: updatewmhints(c); drawbar(); break; } if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) { updatetitle(c); if(c == sel) drawbar(); } } } void quit(const char *arg) { readin = running = False; } void reapply(const char *arg) { static Bool zerotags[LENGTH(tags)] = { 0 }; Client *c; for(c = clients; c; c = c->next) { memcpy(c->tags, zerotags, sizeof zerotags); applyrules(c); } arrange(); } void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) { XWindowChanges wc; if(sizehints) { /* set minimum possible */ if (w < 1) w = 1; if (h < 1) h = 1; /* temporarily remove base dimensions */ w -= c->basew; h -= c->baseh; /* adjust for aspect limits */ if (c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0 && c->minax > 0 && c->maxax > 0) { if (w * c->maxay > h * c->maxax) w = h * c->maxax / c->maxay; else if (w * c->minay < h * c->minax) h = w * c->minay / c->minax; } /* adjust for increment value */ if(c->incw) w -= w % c->incw; if(c->inch) h -= h % c->inch; /* restore base dimensions */ w += c->basew; h += c->baseh; if(c->minw > 0 && w < c->minw) w = c->minw; if(c->minh > 0 && h < c->minh) h = c->minh; if(c->maxw > 0 && w > c->maxw) w = c->maxw; if(c->maxh > 0 && h > c->maxh) h = c->maxh; } if(w <= 0 || h <= 0) return; if(x > sx + sw) x = sw - w - 2 * c->bw; if(y > sy + sh) y = sh - h - 2 * c->bw; if(x + w + 2 * c->bw < sx) x = sx; if(y + h + 2 * c->bw < sy) y = sy; if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) { c->x = wc.x = x; c->y = wc.y = y; c->w = wc.width = w; c->h = wc.height = h; wc.border_width = c->bw; XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc); configure(c); XSync(dpy, False); } } void resizemouse(Client *c) { int ocx, ocy; int nw, nh; XEvent ev; ocx = c->x; ocy = c->y; if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync, None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess) return; XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1); for(;;) { XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev); switch(ev.type) { case ButtonRelease: XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1); XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime); while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev)); return; case ConfigureRequest: case Expose: case MapRequest: handler[ev.type](&ev); break; case MotionNotify: XSync(dpy, False); if((nw = ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1) <= 0) nw = 1; if((nh = ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1) <= 0) nh = 1; if(!c->isfloating && !lt->isfloating && (abs(nw - c->w) > SNAP || abs(nh - c->h) > SNAP)) togglefloating(NULL); if((lt->isfloating) || c->isfloating) resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True); break; } } } void restack(void) { Client *c; XEvent ev; XWindowChanges wc; drawbar(); if(!sel) return; if(sel->isfloating || lt->isfloating) XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win); if(!lt->isfloating) { wc.stack_mode = Below; wc.sibling = barwin; if(!sel->isfloating) { XConfigureWindow(dpy, sel->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc); wc.sibling = sel->win; } for(c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next)) { if(c == sel) continue; XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc); wc.sibling = c->win; } } XSync(dpy, False); while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev)); } void run(void) { char *p; char sbuf[sizeof stext]; fd_set rd; int r, xfd; unsigned int len, offset; XEvent ev; /* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */ XSync(dpy, False); xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy); readin = True; offset = 0; len = sizeof stext - 1; sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */ while(running) { FD_ZERO(&rd); if(readin) FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd); FD_SET(xfd, &rd); if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) { if(errno == EINTR) continue; eprint("select failed\n"); } if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) { switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) { case -1: strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len); readin = False; break; case 0: strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4); readin = False; break; default: for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++) if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') { *p = '\0'; strncpy(stext, sbuf, len); p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */ for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++); offset = r; if(r) memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r); break; } break; } drawbar(); } while(XPending(dpy)) { XNextEvent(dpy, &ev); if(handler[ev.type]) (handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */ } } } void scan(void) { unsigned int i, num; Window *wins, d1, d2; XWindowAttributes wa; wins = NULL; if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) { for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa) || wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)) continue; if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState) manage(wins[i], &wa); } for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */ if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)) continue; if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1) && (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)) manage(wins[i], &wa); } } if(wins) XFree(wins); } void setclientstate(Client *c, long state) { long data[] = {state, None}; XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32, PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2); } void setgeom(const char *arg) { unsigned int i; if(!arg) { if(++geom == &geoms[LENGTH(geoms)]) geom = &geoms[0]; } else { for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(geoms); i++) if(!strcmp(geoms[i].symbol, arg)) break; if(i == LENGTH(geoms)) return; geom = &geoms[i]; } geom->apply(); updatebarpos(); arrange(); } void setlayout(const char *arg) { unsigned int i; if(!arg) { if(++lt == &layouts[LENGTH(layouts)]) lt = &layouts[0]; } else { for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) if(!strcmp(arg, layouts[i].symbol)) break; if(i == LENGTH(layouts)) return; lt = &layouts[i]; } if(sel) arrange(); else drawbar(); } void setmfact(const char *arg) { double delta; if(!arg) return; delta = strtod(arg, NULL); if(arg[0] == '-' || arg[0] == '+') { if(mfact + delta < 0.1 || mfact + delta > 0.9) return; mfact += delta; } else { if(delta < 0.1 || delta > 0.9) return; mfact = delta; } setgeom(geom->symbol); } void setup(void) { unsigned int i, w; XSetWindowAttributes wa; /* init screen */ screen = DefaultScreen(dpy); root = RootWindow(dpy, screen); initfont(FONT); /* apply default geometry */ sx = 0; sy = 0; sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen); sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen); bh = dc.font.height + 2; geom = &geoms[0]; geom->apply(); /* init atoms */ wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False); wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False); wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False); wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False); netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False); netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False); /* init cursors */ wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr); cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing); cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur); /* init appearance */ dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR); dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR); dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR); dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR); dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR); dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR); initfont(FONT); dc.h = bh; dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen)); dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0); XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter); if(!dc.font.set) XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid); /* init tags */ seltags = emallocz(TAGSZ); prevtags = emallocz(TAGSZ); seltags[0] = prevtags[0] = True; /* init layouts */ lt = &layouts[0]; /* init bar */ for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) { w = textw(layouts[i].symbol); if(w > blw) blw = w; } for(bgw = i = 0; LENGTH(geoms) > 1 && i < LENGTH(geoms); i++) { w = textw(geoms[i].symbol); if(w > bgw) bgw = w; } wa.override_redirect = 1; wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative; wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask; barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, bx, by, bw, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen), CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen), CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa); XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]); XMapRaised(dpy, barwin); strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION); drawbar(); /* EWMH support per view */ XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32, PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast); /* select for events */ wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask |EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask; XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa); XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask); /* grab keys */ grabkeys(); } void spawn(const char *arg) { static char *shell = NULL; if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL"))) shell = "/bin/sh"; if(!arg) return; /* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code * clean from stupid signal handlers. */ if(fork() == 0) { if(fork() == 0) { if(dpy) close(ConnectionNumber(dpy)); setsid(); execl(shell, shell, "-c", arg, (char *)NULL); fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, arg); perror(" failed"); } exit(0); } wait(0); } void tag(const char *arg) { unsigned int i; if(!sel) return; for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) sel->tags[i] = (NULL == arg); sel->tags[idxoftag(arg)] = True; arrange(); } unsigned int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) { XRectangle r; if(dc.font.set) { XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r); return r.width; } return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len); } unsigned int textw(const char *text) { return textnw(text, strlen(text)) + dc.font.height; } void tileh(void) { int x, w; unsigned int i, n = counttiled(); Client *c; if(n == 0) return; c = tilemaster(n); if(--n == 0) return; x = tx; w = tw / n; if(w < bh) w = tw; for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) { if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */ tileresize(c, x, ty, (tx + tw) - x - 2 * c->bw, th - 2 * c->bw); else tileresize(c, x, ty, w - 2 * c->bw, th - 2 * c->bw); if(w != tw) x = c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw; } } Client * tilemaster(unsigned int n) { Client *c = nexttiled(clients); if(n == 1) tileresize(c, mox, moy, mow - 2 * c->bw, moh - 2 * c->bw); else tileresize(c, mx, my, mw - 2 * c->bw, mh - 2 * c->bw); return c; } void tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h) { resize(c, x, y, w, h, RESIZEHINTS); if((RESIZEHINTS) && ((c->h < bh) || (c->h > h) || (c->w < bh) || (c->w > w))) /* client doesn't accept size constraints */ resize(c, x, y, w, h, False); } void tilev(void) { int y, h; unsigned int i, n = counttiled(); Client *c; if(n == 0) return; c = tilemaster(n); if(--n == 0) return; y = ty; h = th / n; if(h < bh) h = th; for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) { if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */ tileresize(c, tx, y, tw - 2 * c->bw, (ty + th) - y - 2 * c->bw); else tileresize(c, tx, y, tw - 2 * c->bw, h - 2 * c->bw); if(h != th) y = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw; } } void togglefloating(const char *arg) { if(!sel) return; sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating; if(sel->isfloating) resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True); arrange(); } void toggletag(const char *arg) { unsigned int i, j; if(!sel) return; i = idxoftag(arg); sel->tags[i] = !sel->tags[i]; for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !sel->tags[j]; j++); if(j == LENGTH(tags)) sel->tags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be enabled */ arrange(); } void toggleview(const char *arg) { unsigned int i, j; i = idxoftag(arg); seltags[i] = !seltags[i]; for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !seltags[j]; j++); if(j == LENGTH(tags)) seltags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be viewed */ arrange(); } void unban(Client *c) { if(!c->isbanned) return; XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y); c->isbanned = False; } void unmanage(Client *c) { XWindowChanges wc; wc.border_width = c->oldbw; /* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */ XGrabServer(dpy); XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy); XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */ detach(c); detachstack(c); if(sel == c) focus(NULL); XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win); setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState); free(c->tags); free(c); XSync(dpy, False); XSetErrorHandler(xerror); XUngrabServer(dpy); arrange(); } void unmapnotify(XEvent *e) { Client *c; XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap; if((c = getclient(ev->window))) unmanage(c); } void updatebarpos(void) { if(dc.drawable != 0) XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable); dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, bw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen)); XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, bx, by, bw, bh); } void updatesizehints(Client *c) { long msize; XSizeHints size; if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags) size.flags = PSize; c->flags = size.flags; if(c->flags & PBaseSize) { c->basew = size.base_width; c->baseh = size.base_height; } else if(c->flags & PMinSize) { c->basew = size.min_width; c->baseh = size.min_height; } else c->basew = c->baseh = 0; if(c->flags & PResizeInc) { c->incw = size.width_inc; c->inch = size.height_inc; } else c->incw = c->inch = 0; if(c->flags & PMaxSize) { c->maxw = size.max_width; c->maxh = size.max_height; } else c->maxw = c->maxh = 0; if(c->flags & PMinSize) { c->minw = size.min_width; c->minh = size.min_height; } else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) { c->minw = size.base_width; c->minh = size.base_height; } else c->minw = c->minh = 0; if(c->flags & PAspect) { c->minax = size.min_aspect.x; c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x; c->minay = size.min_aspect.y; c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y; } else c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0; c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh && c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh); } void updatetitle(Client *c) { if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name)) gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name); } void updatewmhints(Client *c) { XWMHints *wmh; if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) { if(c == sel) sel->isurgent = False; else c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False; XFree(wmh); } } void view(const char *arg) { unsigned int i; for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) tmp[i] = (NULL == arg); tmp[idxoftag(arg)] = True; if(memcmp(seltags, tmp, TAGSZ) != 0) { memcpy(prevtags, seltags, TAGSZ); memcpy(seltags, tmp, TAGSZ); arrange(); } } void viewprevtag(const char *arg) { memcpy(tmp, seltags, TAGSZ); memcpy(seltags, prevtags, TAGSZ); memcpy(prevtags, tmp, TAGSZ); arrange(); } /* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's). Other types of errors call Xlibs * default error handler, which may call exit. */ int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) { if(ee->error_code == BadWindow || (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch) || (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable) || (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable) || (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable) || (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch) || (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess) || (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)) return 0; fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n", ee->request_code, ee->error_code); return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */ } int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) { return 0; } /* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager * is already running. */ int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) { otherwm = True; return -1; } void zoom(const char *arg) { Client *c = sel; if(!sel || lt->isfloating || sel->isfloating) return; if(c == nexttiled(clients)) if(!(c = nexttiled(c->next))) return; detach(c); attach(c); focus(c); arrange(); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1])) eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n"); else if(argc != 1) eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n"); setlocale(LC_CTYPE, ""); if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0))) eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n"); checkotherwm(); setup(); scan(); run(); cleanup(); XCloseDisplay(dpy); return 0; }