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path: root/dwm.c
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pre { line-height: 125%; }
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span.linenos { color: inherit; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; }
td.linenos .special { color: #000000; background-color: #ffffc0; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; }
span.linenos.special { color: #000000; background-color: #ffffc0; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; }
.highlight .hll { background-color: #ffffcc }
.highlight .c { color: #888888 } /* Comment */
.highlight .err { color: #a61717; background-color: #e3d2d2 } /* Error */
.highlight .k { color: #008800; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword */
.highlight .ch { color: #888888 } /* Comment.Hashbang */
.highlight .cm { color: #888888 } /* Comment.Multiline */
.highlight .cp { color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold } /* Comment.Preproc */
.highlight .cpf { color: #888888 } /* Comment.PreprocFile */
.highlight .c1 { color: #888888 } /* Comment.Single */
.highlight .cs { color: #cc0000; font-weight: bold; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Comment.Special */
.highlight .gd { color: #000000; background-color: #ffdddd } /* Generic.Deleted */
.highlight .ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */
.highlight .ges { font-weight: bold; font-style: italic } /* Generic.EmphStrong */
.highlight .gr { color: #aa0000 } /* Generic.Error */
.highlight .gh { color: #333333 } /* Generic.Heading */
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.highlight .kn { color: #008800; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Namespace */
.highlight .kp { color: #008800 } /* Keyword.Pseudo */
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.highlight .py { color: #336699; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Property */
.highlight .nt { color: #bb0066; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Tag */
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-- Keyboard driver

Modifiers = {'lctrl', 'rctrl', 'lalt', 'ralt', 'lshift', 'rshift', 'lgui', 'rgui'}

function App.keypressed(key, scancode, isrepeat)
  if array.find(Modifiers, key) then
    -- do nothing when the modifier is pressed
    return
  end
  -- include the modifier(s) when the non-modifer is pressed
  App.keychord_press(App.combine_modifiers(key), key)
end

function App.combine_modifiers(key)
  local result = ''
  if App.ctrl_down() then
    result = result..'C-'
  end
  if App.alt_down() then
    result = result..'M-'
  end
  if App.shift_down() then
    result = result..'S-'  -- don't try to use this with letters/digits
  end
  if App.cmd_down() then
    result = result..'s-'
  end
  result = result..key
  return result
end

function App.any_modifier_down()
  return App.ctrl_down() or App.alt_down() or App.shift_down() or App.cmd_down()
end

function App.ctrl_down()
  return App.modifier_down('lctrl') or App.modifier_down('rctrl')
end

function App.alt_down()
  return App.modifier_down('lalt') or App.modifier_down('ralt')
end

function App.shift_down()
  return App.modifier_down('lshift') or App.modifier_down('rshift')
end

function App.cmd_down()
  return App.modifier_down('lgui') or App.modifier_down('rgui')
end

function App.is_cursor_movement(key)
  return array.find({'left', 'right', 'up', 'down', 'home', 'end', 'pageup', 'pagedown'}, key)
end

array = {}

function array.find(arr, elem)
  if type(elem) == 'function' then
    for i,x in ipairs(arr) do
      if elem(x) then
        return i
      end
    end
  else
    for i,x in ipairs(arr) do
      if x == elem then
        return i
      end
    end
  end
  return nil
end

function array.any(arr, f)
  for i,x in ipairs(arr) do
    local result = f(x)
    if result then
      return result
    end
  end
  return false
end
n1231' href='#n1231'>1231 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 1240 1241 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246 1247 1248 1249 1250 1251 1252 1253 1254 1255 1256 1257 1258 1259 1260 1261 1262 1263 1264 1265 1266 1267 1268 1269 1270 1271 1272 1273 1274 1275 1276 1277 1278 1279 1280 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286 1287 1288 1289 1290 1291 1292 1293 1294 1295 1296 1297 1298 1299 1300 1301 1302 1303 1304 1305 1306 1307 1308 1309 1310 1311 1312 1313 1314 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320 1321 1322 1323 1324 1325 1326 1327 1328 1329 1330 1331 1332 1333 1334 1335 1336 1337 1338 1339 1340 1341 1342 1343 1344 1345 1346 1347 1348 1349 1350 1351 1352 1353 1354 1355 1356 1357 1358 1359 1360 1361 1362 1363 1364 1365 1366 1367 1368 1369 1370 1371 1372 1373 1374 1375 1376 1377 1378 1379 1380 1381 1382 1383 1384 1385 1386 1387 1388 1389 1390 1391 1392 1393 1394 1395 1396 1397 1398 1399 1400 1401 1402 1403 1404 1405 1406 1407 1408 1409 1410 1411 1412 1413 1414 1415 1416 1417 1418 1419 1420 1421 1422 1423 1424 1425 1426 1427 1428 1429 1430 1431 1432 1433 1434 1435 1436 1437 1438 1439 1440 1441 1442 1443 1444 1445 1446 1447 1448 1449 1450 1451 1452 1453 1454 1455 1456 1457 1458 1459 1460 1461 1462 1463 1464 1465 1466 1467 1468 1469 1470 1471 1472 1473 1474 1475 1476 1477 1478 1479 1480 1481 1482 1483 1484 1485 1486 1487 1488 1489 1490 1491 1492 1493 1494 1495 1496 1497 1498 1499 1500 1501 1502 1503 1504 1505 1506 1507 1508 1509 1510 1511 1512 1513 1514 1515 1516 1517 1518 1519 1520 1521 1522 1523 1524 1525 1526 1527 1528 1529 1530 1531 1532 1533 1534 1535 1536 1537 1538 1539 1540 1541 1542 1543 1544 1545 1546 1547 1548 1549 1550 1551 1552 1553 1554 1555 1556 1557 1558 1559 1560 1561 1562 1563 1564 1565 1566 1567 1568 1569 1570 1571 1572 1573 1574 1575 1576 1577 1578 1579 1580 1581 1582 1583 1584 1585 1586 1587 1588 1589 1590 1591 1592 1593 1594 1595 1596 1597 1598 1599 1600 1601 1602 1603 1604 1605 1606 1607 1608 1609 1610 1611 1612 1613 1614 1615 1616 1617 1618 1619 1620 1621 1622 1623 1624 1625 1626 1627 1628 1629 1630 1631 1632 1633 1634 1635 1636 1637 1638 1639 1640 1641 1642 1643 1644 1645 1646 1647 1648 1649 1650 1651 1652 1653 1654 1655 1656 1657 1658 1659 1660 1661 1662 1663 1664 1665 1666 1667 1668 1669 1670 1671 1672 1673 1674 1675 1676 1677 1678 1679 1680 1681 1682 1683 1684 1685 1686 1687 1688 1689 1690 1691 1692 1693 1694 1695 1696 1697 1698 1699 1700 1701 1702 1703 1704 1705 1706 1707 1708 1709 1710 1711 1712 1713 1714 1715 1716 1717 1718 1719 1720 1721 1722 1723 1724 1725 1726 1727 1728 1729 1730 1731 1732 1733 1734 1735 1736 1737 1738 1739 1740 1741 1742 1743 1744 1745 1746 1747 1748 1749 1750 1751 1752 1753 1754 1755 1756 1757 1758 1759 1760 1761 1762 1763 1764 1765 1766 1767 1768 1769 1770 1771 1772 1773 1774 1775 1776 1777 1778 1779 1780 1781 1782 1783 1784 1785 1786 1787 1788 1789 1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899
/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
 *
 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
 * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
 * allowed to select for this event mask.
 *
 * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
 * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
 * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
 * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
 * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
 * event dispatching in O(1) time.
 *
 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
 * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
 * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
 * stack list. Each client contains an array of Bools of the same size as the
 * global tags array to indicate the tags of a client.  For each client dwm
 * creates a small title window, which is resized whenever the (_NET_)WM_NAME
 * properties are updated or the client is moved/resized.
 *
 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
 *
 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
 */
#include <errno.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <regex.h>
#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
#include <X11/keysym.h>
#include <X11/Xatom.h>
#include <X11/Xlib.h>
#include <X11/Xproto.h>
#include <X11/Xutil.h>

/* macros */
#define BUTTONMASK		(ButtonPressMask | ButtonReleaseMask)
#define CLEANMASK(mask)		(mask & ~(numlockmask | LockMask))
#define MOUSEMASK		(BUTTONMASK | PointerMotionMask)

/* enums */
enum { BarTop, BarBot, BarOff };			/* bar position */
enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };	/* cursor */
enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };		/* color */
enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };		/* EWMH atoms */
enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */

/* typedefs */
typedef struct Client Client;
struct Client {
	char name[256];
	int x, y, w, h;
	int rx, ry, rw, rh; /* revert geometry */
	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
	int minax, maxax, minay, maxay;
	long flags;
	unsigned int border, oldborder;
	Bool isbanned, isfixed, ismax, isfloating, wasfloating;
	Bool *tags;
	Client *next;
	Client *prev;
	Client *snext;
	Window win;
};

typedef struct {
	int x, y, w, h;
	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
	Drawable drawable;
	GC gc;
	struct {
		int ascent;
		int descent;
		int height;
		XFontSet set;
		XFontStruct *xfont;
	} font;
} DC; /* draw context */

typedef struct {
	unsigned long mod;
	KeySym keysym;
	void (*func)(const char *arg);
	const char *arg;
} Key;

typedef struct {
	const char *symbol;
	void (*arrange)(void);
} Layout;

typedef struct {
	const char *prop;
	const char *tags;
	Bool isfloating;
} Rule;

typedef struct {
	regex_t *propregex;
	regex_t *tagregex;
} Regs;

/* function declarations */
void applyrules(Client *c);
void arrange(void);
void attach(Client *c);
void attachstack(Client *c);
void ban(Client *c);
void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
void checkotherwm(void);
void cleanup(void);
void compileregs(void);
void configure(Client *c);
void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
void detach(Client *c);
void detachstack(Client *c);
void drawbar(void);
void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
void *emallocz(unsigned int size);
void enternotify(XEvent *e);
void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
void expose(XEvent *e);
void floating(void); /* default floating layout */
void focus(Client *c);
void focusnext(const char *arg);
void focusprev(const char *arg);
Client *getclient(Window w);
unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
long getstate(Window w);
Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
unsigned int idxoftag(const char *tag);
void initfont(const char *fontstr);
Bool isarrange(void (*func)());
Bool isoccupied(unsigned int t);
Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
Bool isvisible(Client *c);
void keypress(XEvent *e);
void killclient(const char *arg);
void leavenotify(XEvent *e);
void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
void maprequest(XEvent *e);
void movemouse(Client *c);
Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
void quit(const char *arg);
void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
void resizemouse(Client *c);
void restack(void);
void run(void);
void scan(void);
void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
void setlayout(const char *arg);
void setmwfact(const char *arg);
void setup(void);
void spawn(const char *arg);
void tag(const char *arg);
unsigned int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
unsigned int textw(const char *text);
void tile(void);
void togglebar(const char *arg);
void togglefloating(const char *arg);
void togglemax(const char *arg);
void toggletag(const char *arg);
void toggleview(const char *arg);
void unban(Client *c);
void unmanage(Client *c);
void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
void updatebarpos(void);
void updatesizehints(Client *c);
void updatetitle(Client *c);
void view(const char *arg);
void viewprevtag(const char *arg);	/* views previous selected tags */
int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
int xerrordummy(Display *dsply, XErrorEvent *ee);
int xerrorstart(Display *dsply, XErrorEvent *ee);
void zoom(const char *arg);

/* variables */
char stext[256];
double mwfact;
int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh, wax, way, waw, wah;
int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
unsigned int bh, bpos;
unsigned int blw = 0;
unsigned int ltidx = 0; /* default */
unsigned int nlayouts = 0;
unsigned int nrules = 0;
unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
	[LeaveNotify] = leavenotify,
	[Expose] = expose,
	[KeyPress] = keypress,
	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
};
Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
Bool otherwm, readin;
Bool running = True;
Bool selscreen = True;
Client *clients = NULL;
Client *sel = NULL;
Client *stack = NULL;
Cursor cursor[CurLast];
Display *dpy;
DC dc = {0};
Window barwin, root;
Regs *regs = NULL;

/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
#include "config.h"

/* statically define the number of tags. */
unsigned int ntags = sizeof tags / sizeof tags[0];
Bool seltags[sizeof tags / sizeof tags[0]] = {[0] = True};
Bool prevtags[sizeof tags / sizeof tags[0]] = {[0] = True};

/* function implementations */
void
applyrules(Client *c) {
	static char buf[512];
	unsigned int i, j;
	regmatch_t tmp;
	Bool matched = False;
	XClassHint ch = { 0 };

	/* rule matching */
	XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
	snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s:%s:%s",
			ch.res_class ? ch.res_class : "",
			ch.res_name ? ch.res_name : "", c->name);
	for(i = 0; i < nrules; i++)
		if(regs[i].propregex && !regexec(regs[i].propregex, buf, 1, &tmp, 0)) {
			c->isfloating = rules[i].isfloating;
			for(j = 0; regs[i].tagregex && j < ntags; j++) {
				if(!regexec(regs[i].tagregex, tags[j], 1, &tmp, 0)) {
					matched = True;
					c->tags[j] = True;
				}
			}
		}
	if(ch.res_class)
		XFree(ch.res_class);
	if(ch.res_name)
		XFree(ch.res_name);
	if(!matched)
		memcpy(c->tags, seltags, sizeof seltags);
}

void
arrange(void) {
	Client *c;

	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
		if(isvisible(c))
			unban(c);
		else
			ban(c);
	layouts[ltidx].arrange();
	focus(NULL);
	restack();
}

void
attach(Client *c) {
	if(clients)
		clients->prev = c;
	c->next = clients;
	clients = c;
}

void
attachstack(Client *c) {
	c->snext = stack;
	stack = c;
}

void
ban(Client *c) {
	if(c->isbanned)
		return;
	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
	c->isbanned = True;
}

void
buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
	unsigned int i, x;
	Client *c;
	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;

	if(barwin == ev->window) {
		x = 0;
		for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++) {
			x += textw(tags[i]);
			if(ev->x < x) {
				if(ev->button == Button1) {
					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
						tag(tags[i]);
					else
						view(tags[i]);
				}
				else if(ev->button == Button3) {
					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
						toggletag(tags[i]);
					else
						toggleview(tags[i]);
				}
				return;
			}
		}
		if((ev->x < x + blw) && ev->button == Button1)
			setlayout(NULL);
	}
	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
		focus(c);
		if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY)
			return;
		if(ev->button == Button1) {
			if(isarrange(floating) || c->isfloating)
				restack();
			else
				togglefloating(NULL);
			movemouse(c);
		}
		else if(ev->button == Button2) {
			if(ISTILE && !c->isfixed && c->isfloating)
				togglefloating(NULL);
			else
				zoom(NULL);
		}
		else if(ev->button == Button3 && !c->isfixed) {
			if(isarrange(floating) || c->isfloating)
				restack();
			else
				togglefloating(NULL);
			resizemouse(c);
		}
	}
}

void
checkotherwm(void) {
	otherwm = False;
	XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);

	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
	XSelectInput(dpy, root, SubstructureRedirectMask);
	XSync(dpy, False);
	if(otherwm)
		eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
	XSync(dpy, False);
	XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
	XSync(dpy, False);
}

void
cleanup(void) {
	close(STDIN_FILENO);
	while(stack) {
		unban(stack);
		unmanage(stack);
	}
	if(dc.font.set)
		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
	else
		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
	XSync(dpy, False);
}

void
compileregs(void) {
	unsigned int i;
	regex_t *reg;

	if(regs)
		return;
	nrules = sizeof rules / sizeof rules[0];
	regs = emallocz(nrules * sizeof(Regs));
	for(i = 0; i < nrules; i++) {
		if(rules[i].prop) {
			reg = emallocz(sizeof(regex_t));
			if(regcomp(reg, rules[i].prop, REG_EXTENDED))
				free(reg);
			else
				regs[i].propregex = reg;
		}
		if(rules[i].tags) {
			reg = emallocz(sizeof(regex_t));
			if(regcomp(reg, rules[i].tags, REG_EXTENDED))
				free(reg);
			else
				regs[i].tagregex = reg;
		}
	}
}

void
configure(Client *c) {
	XConfigureEvent ce;

	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
	ce.display = dpy;
	ce.event = c->win;
	ce.window = c->win;
	ce.x = c->x;
	ce.y = c->y;
	ce.width = c->w;
	ce.height = c->h;
	ce.border_width = c->border;
	ce.above = None;
	ce.override_redirect = False;
	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
}

void
configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;

	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
		sw = ev->width;
		sh = ev->height;
		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
		dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, sw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
		XResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, sw, bh);
		updatebarpos();
		arrange();
	}
}

void
configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
	Client *c;
	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
	XWindowChanges wc;

	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
		c->ismax = False;
		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
			c->border = ev->border_width;
		if(c->isfixed || c->isfloating || isarrange(floating)) {
			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
				c->x = ev->x;
			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
				c->y = ev->y;
			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
				c->w = ev->width;
			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
				c->h = ev->height;
			if((c->x + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
				c->x = sw / 2 - c->w / 2; /* center in x direction */
			if((c->y + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
				c->y = sh / 2 - c->h / 2; /* center in y direction */
			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX | CWY))
			&& !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth | CWHeight)))
				configure(c);
			if(isvisible(c))
				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
		}
		else
			configure(c);
	}
	else {
		wc.x = ev->x;
		wc.y = ev->y;
		wc.width = ev->width;
		wc.height = ev->height;
		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
		wc.sibling = ev->above;
		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
	}
	XSync(dpy, False);
}

void
destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
	Client *c;
	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;

	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
		unmanage(c);
}

void
detach(Client *c) {
	if(c->prev)
		c->prev->next = c->next;
	if(c->next)
		c->next->prev = c->prev;
	if(c == clients)
		clients = c->next;
	c->next = c->prev = NULL;
}

void
detachstack(Client *c) {
	Client **tc;

	for(tc=&stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc=&(*tc)->snext);
	*tc = c->snext;
}

void
drawbar(void) {
	int i, x;

	dc.x = dc.y = 0;
	for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++) {
		dc.w = textw(tags[i]);
		if(seltags[i]) {
			drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel);
			drawsquare(sel && sel->tags[i], isoccupied(i), dc.sel);
		}
		else {
			drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm);
			drawsquare(sel && sel->tags[i], isoccupied(i), dc.norm);
		}
		dc.x += dc.w;
	}
	dc.w = blw;
	drawtext(layouts[ltidx].symbol, dc.norm);
	x = dc.x + dc.w;
	dc.w = textw(stext);
	dc.x = sw - dc.w;
	if(dc.x < x) {
		dc.x = x;
		dc.w = sw - x;
	}
	drawtext(stext, dc.norm);
	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
		dc.x = x;
		if(sel) {
			drawtext(sel->name, dc.sel);
			drawsquare(sel->ismax, sel->isfloating, dc.sel);
		}
		else
			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm);
	}
	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, sw, bh, 0, 0);
	XSync(dpy, False);
}

void
drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
	int x;
	XGCValues gcv;
	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };

	gcv.foreground = col[ColFG];
	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
	r.x = dc.x + 1;
	r.y = dc.y + 1;
	if(filled) {
		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
	}
	else if(empty) {
		r.width = r.height = x;
		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
	}
}

void
drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
	int x, y, w, h;
	static char buf[256];
	unsigned int len, olen;
	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };

	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[ColBG]);
	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
	if(!text)
		return;
	w = 0;
	olen = len = strlen(text);
	if(len >= sizeof buf)
		len = sizeof buf - 1;
	memcpy(buf, text, len);
	buf[len] = 0;
	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
	/* shorten text if necessary */
	while(len && (w = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h)
		buf[--len] = 0;
	if(len < olen) {
		if(len > 1)
			buf[len - 1] = '.';
		if(len > 2)
			buf[len - 2] = '.';
		if(len > 3)
			buf[len - 3] = '.';
	}
	if(w > dc.w)
		return; /* too long */
	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[ColFG]);
	if(dc.font.set)
		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
	else
		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
}

void *
emallocz(unsigned int size) {
	void *res = calloc(1, size);

	if(!res)
		eprint("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", size);
	return res;
}

void
enternotify(XEvent *e) {
	Client *c;
	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;

	if(ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior)
		return;
	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
		focus(c);
	else if(ev->window == root) {
		selscreen = True;
		focus(NULL);
	}
}

void
eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
	va_list ap;

	va_start(ap, errstr);
	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
	va_end(ap);
	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}

void
expose(XEvent *e) {
	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;

	if(ev->count == 0) {
		if(barwin == ev->window)
			drawbar();
	}
}

void
floating(void) { /* default floating layout */
	Client *c;

	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
		if(isvisible(c))
			resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
}

void
focus(Client *c) {
	if((!c && selscreen) || (c && !isvisible(c)))
		for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
	if(sel && sel != c) {
		grabbuttons(sel, False);
		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
	}
	if(c) {
		detachstack(c);
		attachstack(c);
		grabbuttons(c, True);
	}
	sel = c;
	drawbar();
	if(!selscreen)
		return;
	if(c) {
		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
	}
	else
		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
}

void
focusnext(const char *arg) {
	Client *c;

	if(!sel)
		return;
	for(c = sel->next; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
	if(!c)
		for(c = clients; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
	if(c) {
		focus(c);
		restack();
	}
}

void
focusprev(const char *arg) {
	Client *c;

	if(!sel)
		return;
	for(c = sel->prev; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
	if(!c) {
		for(c = clients; c && c->next; c = c->next);
		for(; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
	}
	if(c) {
		focus(c);
		restack();
	}
}

Client *
getclient(Window w) {
	Client *c;

	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
	return c;
}

unsigned long
getcolor(const char *colstr) {
	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
	XColor color;

	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
		eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
	return color.pixel;
}

long
getstate(Window w) {
	int format, status;
	long result = -1;
	unsigned char *p = NULL;
	unsigned long n, extra;
	Atom real;

	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
	if(status != Success)
		return -1;
	if(n != 0)
		result = *p;
	XFree(p);
	return result;
}

Bool
gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
	char **list = NULL;
	int n;
	XTextProperty name;

	if(!text || size == 0)
		return False;
	text[0] = '\0';
	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
	if(!name.nitems)
		return False;
	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
	else {
		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
		&& n > 0 && *list)
		{
			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
			XFreeStringList(list);
		}
	}
	text[size - 1] = '\0';
	XFree(name.value);
	return True;
}

void
grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);

	if(focused) {
		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY | numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY | numlockmask | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);

		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY | numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY | numlockmask | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);

		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY | numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY | numlockmask | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
	}
	else
		XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
}

unsigned int
idxoftag(const char *tag) {
	unsigned int i;

	for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++)
		if(tags[i] == tag)
			return i;
	return 0;
}

void
initfont(const char *fontstr) {
	char *def, **missing;
	int i, n;

	missing = NULL;
	if(dc.font.set)
		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
	if(missing) {
		while(n--)
			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
		XFreeStringList(missing);
	}
	if(dc.font.set) {
		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
		XFontStruct **xfonts;
		char **font_names;
		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
			if(dc.font.ascent < (*xfonts)->ascent)
				dc.font.ascent = (*xfonts)->ascent;
			if(dc.font.descent < (*xfonts)->descent)
				dc.font.descent = (*xfonts)->descent;
			xfonts++;
		}
	}
	else {
		if(dc.font.xfont)
			XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
		dc.font.xfont = NULL;
		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
			eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
	}
	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
}

Bool
isarrange(void (*func)())
{
	return func == layouts[ltidx].arrange;
}

Bool
isoccupied(unsigned int t) {
	Client *c;

	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
		if(c->tags[t])
			return True;
	return False;
}

Bool
isprotodel(Client *c) {
	int i, n;
	Atom *protocols;
	Bool ret = False;

	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
				ret = True;
		XFree(protocols);
	}
	return ret;
}

Bool
isvisible(Client *c) {
	unsigned int i;

	for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++)
		if(c->tags[i] && seltags[i])
			return True;
	return False;
}

void
keypress(XEvent *e) {
	KEYS
	unsigned int len = sizeof keys / sizeof keys[0];
	unsigned int i;
	KeyCode code;
	KeySym keysym;
	XKeyEvent *ev;

	if(!e) { /* grabkeys */
		XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
		for(i = 0; i < len; i++) {
			code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
			XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
					GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
			XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | LockMask, root, True,
					GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
			XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | numlockmask, root, True,
					GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
			XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | numlockmask | LockMask, root, True,
					GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
		}
		return;
	}
	ev = &e->xkey;
	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
	for(i = 0; i < len; i++)
		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
		&& CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
		{
			if(keys[i].func)
				keys[i].func(keys[i].arg);
		}
}

void
killclient(const char *arg) {
	XEvent ev;

	if(!sel)
		return;
	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
		ev.type = ClientMessage;
		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
		ev.xclient.format = 32;
		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
	}
	else
		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
}

void
leavenotify(XEvent *e) {
	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;

	if((ev->window == root) && !ev->same_screen) {
		selscreen = False;
		focus(NULL);
	}
}

void
manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
	Client *c, *t = NULL;
	Window trans;
	Status rettrans;
	XWindowChanges wc;

	c = emallocz(sizeof(Client));
	c->tags = emallocz(sizeof seltags);
	c->win = w;
	c->x = wa->x;
	c->y = wa->y;
	c->w = wa->width;
	c->h = wa->height;
	c->oldborder = wa->border_width;
	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
		c->x = sx;
		c->y = sy;
		c->border = wa->border_width;
	}
	else {
		if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->border > wax + waw)
			c->x = wax + waw - c->w - 2 * c->border;
		if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border > way + wah)
			c->y = way + wah - c->h - 2 * c->border;
		if(c->x < wax)
			c->x = wax;
		if(c->y < way)
			c->y = way;
		c->border = BORDERPX;
	}
	wc.border_width = c->border;
	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
	updatesizehints(c);
	XSelectInput(dpy, w,
		StructureNotifyMask | PropertyChangeMask | EnterWindowMask);
	grabbuttons(c, False);
	updatetitle(c);
	if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
		for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
	if(t)
		memcpy(c->tags, t->tags, sizeof seltags);
	applyrules(c);
	if(!c->isfloating)
		c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
	attach(c);
	attachstack(c);
	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
	ban(c);
	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
	arrange();
}

void
mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;

	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
		keypress(NULL);
}

void
maprequest(XEvent *e) {
	static XWindowAttributes wa;
	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;

	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
		return;
	if(wa.override_redirect)
		return;
	if(!getclient(ev->window))
		manage(ev->window, &wa);
}

void
movemouse(Client *c) {
	int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
	unsigned int dui;
	Window dummy;
	XEvent ev;

	ocx = nx = c->x;
	ocy = ny = c->y;
	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
			None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
		return;
	c->ismax = False;
	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
	for(;;) {
		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK | ExposureMask | SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
		switch (ev.type) {
		case ButtonRelease:
			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
			return;
		case ConfigureRequest:
		case Expose:
		case MapRequest:
			handler[ev.type](&ev);
			break;
		case MotionNotify:
			XSync(dpy, False);
			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
			if(abs(wax + nx) < SNAP)
				nx = wax;
			else if(abs((wax + waw) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
				nx = wax + waw - c->w - 2 * c->border;
			if(abs(way - ny) < SNAP)
				ny = way;
			else if(abs((way + wah) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
				ny = way + wah - c->h - 2 * c->border;
			resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
			break;
		}
	}
}

Client *
nexttiled(Client *c) {
	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !isvisible(c)); c = c->next);
	return c;
}

void
propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
	Client *c;
	Window trans;
	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;

	if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
		return; /* ignore */
	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
		switch (ev->atom) {
			default: break;
			case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
				XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
				if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
					arrange();
				break;
			case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
				updatesizehints(c);
				break;
		}
		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
			updatetitle(c);
			if(c == sel)
				drawbar();
		}
	}
}

void
quit(const char *arg) {
	readin = running = False;
}

void
resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
	XWindowChanges wc;

	if(sizehints) {
		/* set minimum possible */
		if (w < 1)
			w = 1;
		if (h < 1)
			h = 1;

		/* temporarily remove base dimensions */
		w -= c->basew;
		h -= c->baseh;

		/* adjust for aspect limits */
		if (c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0 && c->minax > 0 && c->maxax > 0) {
			if (w * c->maxay > h * c->maxax)
				w = h * c->maxax / c->maxay;
			else if (w * c->minay < h * c->minax)
				h = w * c->minay / c->minax;
		}

		/* adjust for increment value */
		if(c->incw)
			w -= w % c->incw;
		if(c->inch)
			h -= h % c->inch;

		/* restore base dimensions */
		w += c->basew;
		h += c->baseh;

		if(c->minw > 0 && w < c->minw)
			w = c->minw;
		if(c->minh > 0 && h < c->minh)
			h = c->minh;
		if(c->maxw > 0 && w > c->maxw)
			w = c->maxw;
		if(c->maxh > 0 && h > c->maxh)
			h = c->maxh;
	}
	if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
		return;
	/* offscreen appearance fixes */
	if(x > sw)
		x = sw - w - 2 * c->border;
	if(y > sh)
		y = sh - h - 2 * c->border;
	if(x + w + 2 * c->border < sx)
		x = sx;
	if(y + h + 2 * c->border < sy)
		y = sy;
	if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
		c->x = wc.x = x;
		c->y = wc.y = y;
		c->w = wc.width = w;
		c->h = wc.height = h;
		wc.border_width = c->border;
		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWX | CWY | CWWidth | CWHeight | CWBorderWidth, &wc);
		configure(c);
		XSync(dpy, False);
	}
}

void
resizemouse(Client *c) {
	int ocx, ocy;
	int nw, nh;
	XEvent ev;

	ocx = c->x;
	ocy = c->y;
	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
			None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
		return;
	c->ismax = False;
	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
	for(;;) {
		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK | ExposureMask | SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
		switch(ev.type) {
		case ButtonRelease:
			XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
					c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
			while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
			return;
		case ConfigureRequest:
		case Expose:
		case MapRequest:
			handler[ev.type](&ev);
			break;
		case MotionNotify:
			XSync(dpy, False);
			if((nw = ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
				nw = 1;
			if((nh = ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
				nh = 1;
			resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
			break;
		}
	}
}

void
restack(void) {
	Client *c;
	XEvent ev;
	XWindowChanges wc;

	drawbar();
	if(!sel)
		return;
	if(sel->isfloating || isarrange(floating))
		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
	if(!isarrange(floating)) {
		wc.stack_mode = Below;
		wc.sibling = barwin;
		if(!sel->isfloating) {
			XConfigureWindow(dpy, sel->win, CWSibling | CWStackMode, &wc);
			wc.sibling = sel->win;
		}
		for(c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next)) {
			if(c == sel)
				continue;
			XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling | CWStackMode, &wc);
			wc.sibling = c->win;
		}
	}
	XSync(dpy, False);
	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
}

void
run(void) {
	char *p;
	int r, xfd;
	fd_set rd;
	XEvent ev;

	/* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
	XSync(dpy, False);
	xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
	readin = True;
	while(running) {
		FD_ZERO(&rd);
		if(readin)
			FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
		FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
		if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
			if(errno == EINTR)
				continue;
			eprint("select failed\n");
		}
		if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
			switch(r = read(STDIN_FILENO, stext, sizeof stext - 1)) {
			case -1:
				strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), sizeof stext - 1);
				stext[sizeof stext - 1] = '\0';
				readin = False;
				break;
			case 0:
				strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
				readin = False;
				break;
			default:
				for(stext[r] = '\0', p = stext + strlen(stext) - 1; p >= stext && *p == '\n'; *p-- = '\0');
				for(; p >= stext && *p != '\n'; --p);
				if(p > stext)
					strncpy(stext, p + 1, sizeof stext);
			}
			drawbar();
		}
		while(XPending(dpy)) {
			XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
			if(handler[ev.type])
				(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
		}
	}
}

void
scan(void) {
	unsigned int i, num;
	Window *wins, d1, d2;
	XWindowAttributes wa;

	wins = NULL;
	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
				continue;
			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
				manage(wins[i], &wa);
		}
		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
				continue;
			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
				manage(wins[i], &wa);
		}
	}
	if(wins)
		XFree(wins);
}

void
setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
	long data[] = {state, None};

	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
}

void
setlayout(const char *arg) {
	unsigned int i;

	if(!arg) {
		if(++ltidx == nlayouts)
			ltidx = 0;;
	}
	else {
		for(i = 0; i < nlayouts; i++)
			if(!strcmp(arg, layouts[i].symbol))
				break;
		if(i == nlayouts)
			return;
		ltidx = i;
	}
	if(sel)
		arrange();
	else
		drawbar();
}

void
setmwfact(const char *arg) {
	double delta;

	if(!ISTILE)
		return;
	/* arg handling, manipulate mwfact */
	if(arg == NULL)
		mwfact = MWFACT;
	else if(1 == sscanf(arg, "%lf", &delta)) {
		if(arg[0] == '+' || arg[0] == '-')
			mwfact += delta;
		else
			mwfact = delta;
		if(mwfact < 0.1)
			mwfact = 0.1;
		else if(mwfact > 0.9)
			mwfact = 0.9;
	}
	arrange();
}

void
setup(void) {
	int d;
	unsigned int i, j, mask;
	Window w;
	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
	XSetWindowAttributes wa;

	/* init atoms */
	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
	wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);

	/* init cursors */
	cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);

	/* init geometry */
	sx = sy = 0;
	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);

	/* init modifier map */
	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j]
			== XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
				numlockmask = (1 << i);
		}
	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);

	/* select for events */
	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask | SubstructureNotifyMask
		| EnterWindowMask | LeaveWindowMask | StructureNotifyMask;
	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal];
	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask | CWCursor, &wa);
	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);

	/* grab keys */
	keypress(NULL);

	/* init tags */
	compileregs();

	/* init appearance */
	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
	initfont(FONT);
	dc.h = bh = dc.font.height + 2;

	/* init layouts */
	mwfact = MWFACT;
	nlayouts = sizeof layouts / sizeof layouts[0];
	for(blw = i = 0; i < nlayouts; i++) {
		j = textw(layouts[i].symbol);
		if(j > blw)
			blw = j;
	}

	/* init bar */
	bpos = BARPOS;
	wa.override_redirect = 1;
	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask | ExposureMask;
	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, sx, sy, sw, bh, 0,
			DefaultDepth(dpy, screen), CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
			CWOverrideRedirect | CWBackPixmap | CWEventMask, &wa);
	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
	updatebarpos();
	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
	strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, sw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
	if(!dc.font.set)
		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);

	/* multihead support */
	selscreen = XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &w, &w, &d, &d, &d, &d, &mask);
}

void
spawn(const char *arg) {
	static char *shell = NULL;

	if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
		shell = "/bin/sh";
	if(!arg)
		return;
	/* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
	 * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
	if(fork() == 0) {
		if(fork() == 0) {
			if(dpy)
				close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
			setsid();
			execl(shell, shell, "-c", arg, (char *)NULL);
			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, arg);
			perror(" failed");
		}
		exit(0);
	}
	wait(0);
}

void
tag(const char *arg) {
	unsigned int i;

	if(!sel)
		return;
	for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++)
		sel->tags[i] = arg == NULL;
	i = idxoftag(arg);
	if(i >= 0 && i < ntags)
		sel->tags[i] = True;
	arrange();
}

unsigned int
textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
	XRectangle r;

	if(dc.font.set) {
		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
		return r.width;
	}
	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
}

unsigned int
textw(const char *text) {
	return textnw(text, strlen(text)) + dc.font.height;
}

void
tile(void) {
	unsigned int i, n, nx, ny, nw, nh, mw, th;
	Client *c, *mc;

	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next))
		n++;

	/* window geoms */
	mw = (n == 1) ? waw : mwfact * waw;
	th = (n > 1) ? wah / (n - 1) : 0;
	if(n > 1 && th < bh)
		th = wah;

	nx = wax;
	ny = way;
	nw = 0; /* gcc stupidity requires this */
	for(i = 0, c = mc = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
		c->ismax = False;
		if(i == 0) { /* master */
			nw = mw - 2 * c->border;
			nh = wah - 2 * c->border;
		}
		else {  /* tile window */
			if(i == 1) {
				ny = way;
				nx += mc->w + 2 * mc->border;
				nw = waw - nx - 2 * c->border;
			}
			if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
				nh = (way + wah) - ny - 2 * c->border;
			else
				nh = th - 2 * c->border;
		}
		resize(c, nx, ny, nw, nh, RESIZEHINTS);
		if(n > 1 && th != wah)
			ny = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border;
	}
}

void
togglebar(const char *arg) {
	if(bpos == BarOff)
		bpos = (BARPOS == BarOff) ? BarTop : BARPOS;
	else
		bpos = BarOff;
	updatebarpos();
	arrange();
}

void
togglefloating(const char *arg) {
	if(!sel)
		return;
	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating;
	if(sel->isfloating)
		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
	arrange();
}

void
togglemax(const char *arg) {
	XEvent ev;

	if(!sel || sel->isfixed)
		return;
	if((sel->ismax = !sel->ismax)) {
		if(isarrange(floating) || sel->isfloating)
			sel->wasfloating = True;
		else {
			togglefloating(NULL);
			sel->wasfloating = False;
		}
		sel->rx = sel->x;
		sel->ry = sel->y;
		sel->rw = sel->w;
		sel->rh = sel->h;
		resize(sel, wax, way, waw - 2 * sel->border, wah - 2 * sel->border, True);
	}
	else {
		resize(sel, sel->rx, sel->ry, sel->rw, sel->rh, True);
		if(!sel->wasfloating)
			togglefloating(NULL);
	}
	drawbar();
	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
}

void
toggletag(const char *arg) {
	unsigned int i, j;

	if(!sel)
		return;
	i = idxoftag(arg);
	sel->tags[i] = !sel->tags[i];
	for(j = 0; j < ntags && !sel->tags[j]; j++);
	if(j == ntags)
		sel->tags[i] = True;
	arrange();
}

void
toggleview(const char *arg) {
	unsigned int i, j;

	i = idxoftag(arg);
	seltags[i] = !seltags[i];
	for(j = 0; j < ntags && !seltags[j]; j++);
	if(j == ntags)
		seltags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be viewed */
	arrange();
}

void
unban(Client *c) {
	if(!c->isbanned)
		return;
	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
	c->isbanned = False;
}

void
unmanage(Client *c) {
	XWindowChanges wc;

	wc.border_width = c->oldborder;
	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
	XGrabServer(dpy);
	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
	detach(c);
	detachstack(c);
	if(sel == c)
		focus(NULL);
	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
	free(c->tags);
	free(c);
	XSync(dpy, False);
	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
	XUngrabServer(dpy);
	arrange();
}

void
unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
	Client *c;
	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;

	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
		unmanage(c);
}

void
updatebarpos(void) {
	XEvent ev;

	wax = sx;
	way = sy;
	wah = sh;
	waw = sw;
	switch(bpos) {
	default:
		wah -= bh;
		way += bh;
		XMoveWindow(dpy, barwin, sx, sy);
		break;
	case BarBot:
		wah -= bh;
		XMoveWindow(dpy, barwin, sx, sy + wah);
		break;
	case BarOff:
		XMoveWindow(dpy, barwin, sx, sy - bh);
		break;
	}
	XSync(dpy, False);
	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
}

void
updatesizehints(Client *c) {
	long msize;
	XSizeHints size;

	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags)
		size.flags = PSize;
	c->flags = size.flags;
	if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
		c->basew = size.base_width;
		c->baseh = size.base_height;
	}
	else if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
		c->basew = size.min_width;
		c->baseh = size.min_height;
	}
	else
		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
	if(c->flags & PResizeInc) {
		c->incw = size.width_inc;
		c->inch = size.height_inc;
	}
	else
		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
	if(c->flags & PMaxSize) {
		c->maxw = size.max_width;
		c->maxh = size.max_height;
	}
	else
		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
	if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
		c->minw = size.min_width;
		c->minh = size.min_height;
	}
	else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
		c->minw = size.base_width;
		c->minh = size.base_height;
	}
	else
		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
	if(c->flags & PAspect) {
		c->minax = size.min_aspect.x;
		c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x;
		c->minay = size.min_aspect.y;
		c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y;
	}
	else
		c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0;
	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
			&& c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
}

void
updatetitle(Client *c) {
	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
		gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
}

/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
 * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
int
xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
		return 0;
	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
		ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
}

int
xerrordummy(Display *dsply, XErrorEvent *ee) {
	return 0;
}

/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
 * is already running. */
int
xerrorstart(Display *dsply, XErrorEvent *ee) {
	otherwm = True;
	return -1;
}

void
view(const char *arg) {
	unsigned int i;

	memcpy(prevtags, seltags, sizeof seltags);
	for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++)
		seltags[i] = arg == NULL;
	i = idxoftag(arg);
	if(i >= 0 && i < ntags)
		seltags[i] = True;
	arrange();
}

void
viewprevtag(const char *arg) {
	static Bool tmptags[sizeof tags / sizeof tags[0]];

	memcpy(tmptags, seltags, sizeof seltags);
	memcpy(seltags, prevtags, sizeof seltags);
	memcpy(prevtags, tmptags, sizeof seltags);
	arrange();
}

void
zoom(const char *arg) {
	Client *c;

	if(!sel || !ISTILE || sel->isfloating)
		return;
	if((c = sel) == nexttiled(clients))
		if(!(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
			return;
	detach(c);
	attach(c);
	focus(c);
	arrange();
}

int
main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
		eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2007 A. R. Garbe, S. van Dijk, J. Salmi, P. Hruby, S. Nagy\n");
	else if(argc != 1)
		eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");

	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
		eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);

	checkotherwm();
	setup();
	drawbar();
	scan();
	run();
	cleanup();

	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
	return 0;
}