#
#
#           The Nim Compiler
#        (c) Copyright 2017 Andreas Rumpf
#
#    See the file "copying.txt", included in this
#    distribution, for details about the copyright.
#

## Injects destructor calls into Nim code as well as
## an optimizer that optimizes copies to moves. This is implemented as an
## AST to AST transformation so that every backend benefits from it.

## See doc/destructors.rst for a spec of the implemented rewrite rules

## XXX Optimization to implement: if a local variable is only assigned
## string literals as in ``let x = conf: "foo" else: "bar"`` do not
## produce a destructor call for ``x``. The address of ``x`` must also
## not have been taken. ``x = "abc"; x.add(...)``

# Todo:
# - eliminate 'wasMoved(x); destroy(x)' pairs as a post processing step.

import
  intsets, ast, astalgo, msgs, renderer, magicsys, types, idents,
  strutils, options, dfa, lowerings, tables, modulegraphs, msgs,
  lineinfos, parampatterns, sighashes, liftdestructors

from trees import exprStructuralEquivalent
from algorithm import reverse

const
  scopeBasedDestruction = false

type
  Con = object
    owner: PSym
    g: ControlFlowGraph
    jumpTargets: IntSet
    destroys, topLevelVars: PNode
    scopeDestroys: seq[PNode] # used as a stack that pop from
                              # at strategic places which try to
                              # mimic the natural scope.
    graph: ModuleGraph
    emptyNode: PNode
    otherRead: PNode
    inLoop, inSpawn, hasUnstructuredCf, inDangerousBranch: int
    declaredVars: IntSet # variables we already moved to the top level
    uninit: IntSet # set of uninit'ed vars
    uninitComputed: bool

  ProcessMode = enum
    normal
    consumed
    sinkArg


const toDebug {.strdefine.} = ""

template dbg(body) =
  when toDebug.len > 0:
    if c.owner.name.s == toDebug or toDebug == "always":
      body

proc p(n: PNode; c: var Con; mode: ProcessMode): PNode
proc moveOrCopy(dest, ri: PNode; c: var Con): PNode

proc isLastRead(location: PNode; c: var Con; pc, comesFrom: int): int =
  var pc = pc
  while pc < c.g.len:
    case c.g[pc].kind
    of def:
      if defInstrTargets(c.g[pc], location):
        # the path leads to a redefinition of 's' --> abandon it.
        return high(int)
      inc pc
    of use:
      if useInstrTargets(c.g[pc], location):
        c.otherRead = c.g[pc].n
        return -1
      inc pc
    of goto:
      pc = pc + c.g[pc].dest
    of fork:
      # every branch must lead to the last read of the location:
      let variantA = isLastRead(location, c, pc+1, pc)
      if variantA < 0: return -1
      var variantB = isLastRead(location, c, pc + c.g[pc].dest, pc)
      if variantB < 0: return -1
      elif variantB == high(int):
        variantB = variantA
      pc = variantB
    of InstrKind.join:
      let dest = pc + c.g[pc].dest
      if dest == comesFrom: return pc + 1
      inc pc
  return pc

proc isLastRead(n: PNode; c: var Con): bool =
  # first we need to search for the instruction that belongs to 'n':
  c.otherRead = nil
  var instr = -1
  let m = dfa.skipConvDfa(n)

  for i in 0..<c.g.len:
    # This comparison is correct and MUST not be ``instrTargets``:
    if c.g[i].kind == use and c.g[i].n == m:
      if instr < 0:
        instr = i
        break

  dbg: echo "starting point for ", n, " is ", instr, " ", n.kind

  if instr < 0: return false
  # we go through all paths beginning from 'instr+1' and need to
  # ensure that we don't find another 'use X' instruction.
  if instr+1 >= c.g.len: return true

  result = isLastRead(n, c, instr+1, -1) >= 0
  dbg: echo "ugh ", c.otherRead.isNil, " ", result

proc isFirstWrite(location: PNode; c: var Con; pc, comesFrom: int; instr: int): int =
  var pc = pc
  while pc < instr:
    case c.g[pc].kind
    of def:
      if defInstrTargets(c.g[pc], location):
        # a definition of 's' before ours makes ours not the first write
        return -1
      inc pc
    of use:
      if useInstrTargets(c.g[pc], location):
        return -1
      inc pc
    of goto:
      pc = pc + c.g[pc].dest
    of fork:
      # every branch must not contain a def/use of our location:
      let variantA = isFirstWrite(location, c, pc+1, pc, instr)
      if variantA < 0: return -1
      var variantB = isFirstWrite(location, c, pc + c.g[pc].dest, pc, instr + c.g[pc].dest)
      if variantB < 0: return -1
      elif variantB == high(int):
        variantB = variantA
      pc = variantB
    of InstrKind.join:
      let dest = pc + c.g[pc].dest
      if dest == comesFrom: return pc + 1
      inc pc
  return pc

proc isFirstWrite(n: PNode; c: var Con): bool =
  # first we need to search for the instruction that belongs to 'n':
  var instr = -1
  let m = dfa.skipConvDfa(n)

  for i in countdown(c.g.len-1, 0): # We search backwards here to treat loops correctly
    if c.g[i].kind == def and c.g[i].n == m:
      if instr < 0:
        instr = i
        break

  if instr < 0: return false
  # we go through all paths going to 'instr' and need to
  # ensure that we don't find another 'def/use X' instruction.
  if instr == 0: return true

  result = isFirstWrite(n, c, 0, -1, instr) >= 0

proc initialized(code: ControlFlowGraph; pc: int,
                 init, uninit: var IntSet; comesFrom: int): int =
  ## Computes the set of definitely initialized variables across all code paths
  ## as an IntSet of IDs.
  var pc = pc
  while pc < code.len:
    case code[pc].kind
    of goto:
      pc = pc + code[pc].dest
    of fork:
      let target = pc + code[pc].dest
      var initA = initIntSet()
      var initB = initIntSet()
      let pcA = initialized(code, pc+1, initA, uninit, pc)
      discard initialized(code, target, initB, uninit, pc)
      # we add vars if they are in both branches:
      for v in initA:
        if v in initB:
          init.incl v
      pc = pcA+1
    of InstrKind.join:
      let target = pc + code[pc].dest
      if comesFrom == target: return pc
      inc pc
    of use:
      let v = code[pc].n.sym
      if v.kind != skParam and v.id notin init:
        # attempt to read an uninit'ed variable
        uninit.incl v.id
      inc pc
    of def:
      let v = code[pc].n.sym
      init.incl v.id
      inc pc
  return pc

template isUnpackedTuple(n: PNode): bool =
  ## we move out all elements of unpacked tuples,
  ## hence unpacked tuples themselves don't need to be destroyed
  (n.kind == nkSym and n.sym.kind == skTemp and n.sym.typ.kind == tyTuple)

proc checkForErrorPragma(c: Con; t: PType; ri: PNode; opname: string) =
  var m = "'" & opname & "' is not available for type <" & typeToString(t) & ">"
  if opname == "=" and ri != nil:
    m.add "; requires a copy because it's not the last read of '"
    m.add renderTree(ri)
    m.add '\''
    if c.otherRead != nil:
      m.add "; another read is done here: "
      m.add c.graph.config $ c.otherRead.info
    elif ri.kind == nkSym and ri.sym.kind == skParam and not isSinkType(ri.sym.typ):
      m.add "; try to make "
      m.add renderTree(ri)
      m.add " a 'sink' parameter"
  m.add "; routine: "
  m.add c.owner.name.s
  localError(c.graph.config, ri.info, errGenerated, m)

proc makePtrType(c: Con, baseType: PType): PType =
  result = newType(tyPtr, c.owner)
  addSonSkipIntLit(result, baseType)

proc genOp(c: Con; op: PSym; dest: PNode): PNode =
  let addrExp = newNodeIT(nkHiddenAddr, dest.info, makePtrType(c, dest.typ))
  addrExp.add(dest)
  result = newTree(nkCall, newSymNode(op), addrExp)

proc genOp(c: Con; t: PType; kind: TTypeAttachedOp; dest, ri: PNode): PNode =
  var op = t.attachedOps[kind]
  if op == nil or op.ast[genericParamsPos].kind != nkEmpty:
    # give up and find the canonical type instead:
    let h = sighashes.hashType(t, {CoType, CoConsiderOwned, CoDistinct})
    let canon = c.graph.canonTypes.getOrDefault(h)
    if canon != nil:
      op = canon.attachedOps[kind]
  if op == nil:
    #echo dest.typ.id
    globalError(c.graph.config, dest.info, "internal error: '" & AttachedOpToStr[kind] &
      "' operator not found for type " & typeToString(t))
  elif op.ast[genericParamsPos].kind != nkEmpty:
    globalError(c.graph.config, dest.info, "internal error: '" & AttachedOpToStr[kind] &
      "' operator is generic")
  dbg:
    if kind == attachedDestructor:
      echo "destructor is ", op.id, " ", op.ast
  if sfError in op.flags: checkForErrorPragma(c, t, ri, AttachedOpToStr[kind])
  genOp(c, op, dest)

proc genDestroy(c: Con; dest: PNode): PNode =
  let t = dest.typ.skipTypes({tyGenericInst, tyAlias, tySink})
  result = genOp(c, t, attachedDestructor, dest, nil)

when false:
  proc preventMoveRef(dest, ri: PNode): bool =
    let lhs = dest.typ.skipTypes({tyGenericInst, tyAlias, tySink})
    var ri = ri
    if ri.kind in nkCallKinds and ri[0].kind == nkSym and ri[0].sym.magic == mUnown:
      ri = ri[1]
    let rhs = ri.typ.skipTypes({tyGenericInst, tyAlias, tySink})
    result = lhs.kind == tyRef and rhs.kind == tyOwned

proc canBeMoved(c: Con; t: PType): bool {.inline.} =
  let t = t.skipTypes({tyGenericInst, tyAlias, tySink})
  if optOwnedRefs in c.graph.config.globalOptions:
    result = t.kind != tyRef and t.attachedOps[attachedSink] != nil
  else:
    result = t.attachedOps[attachedSink] != nil

proc genSink(c: var Con; dest, ri: PNode): PNode =
  if isUnpackedTuple(dest) or isFirstWrite(dest, c):
    # optimize sink call into a bitwise memcopy
    result = newTree(nkFastAsgn, dest, ri)
  else:
    let t = dest.typ.skipTypes({tyGenericInst, tyAlias, tySink})
    if t.attachedOps[attachedSink] != nil:
      result = genOp(c, t, attachedSink, dest, ri)
      result.add ri
    else:
      # the default is to use combination of `=destroy(dest)` and
      # and copyMem(dest, source). This is efficient.
      let snk = newTree(nkFastAsgn, dest, ri)
      result = newTree(nkStmtList, genDestroy(c, dest), snk)

proc genCopyNoCheck(c: Con; dest, ri: PNode): PNode =
  let t = dest.typ.skipTypes({tyGenericInst, tyAlias, tySink})
  result = genOp(c, t, attachedAsgn, dest, ri)

proc genCopy(c: var Con; dest, ri: PNode): PNode =
  let t = dest.typ
  if tfHasOwned in t.flags and ri.kind != nkNilLit:
    # try to improve the error message here:
    if c.otherRead == nil: discard isLastRead(ri, c)
    checkForErrorPragma(c, t, ri, "=")
  result = genCopyNoCheck(c, dest, ri)

proc addTopVar(c: var Con; v: PNode) =
  c.topLevelVars.add newTree(nkIdentDefs, v, c.emptyNode, c.emptyNode)

proc getTemp(c: var Con; typ: PType; info: TLineInfo): PNode =
  let sym = newSym(skTemp, getIdent(c.graph.cache, ":tmpD"), c.owner, info)
  sym.typ = typ
  result = newSymNode(sym)

proc genDiscriminantAsgn(c: var Con; n: PNode): PNode =
  # discriminator is ordinal value that doesn't need sink destroy
  # but fields within active case branch might need destruction

  # tmp to support self assignments 
  let tmp = getTemp(c, n[1].typ, n.info)
  c.addTopVar(tmp)

  result = newTree(nkStmtList)
  result.add newTree(nkFastAsgn, tmp, p(n[1], c, consumed))
  result.add p(n[0], c, normal)

  let le = p(n[0], c, normal)
  let leDotExpr = if le.kind == nkCheckedFieldExpr: le[0] else: le
  let objType = leDotExpr[0].typ

  if hasDestructor(objType):
    if objType.attachedOps[attachedDestructor] != nil and
        sfOverriden in objType.attachedOps[attachedDestructor].flags:
      localError(c.graph.config, n.info, errGenerated, """Assignment to discriminant for object's with user defined destructor is not supported, object must have default destructor. 
It is best to factor out piece of object that needs custom destructor into separate object or not use discriminator assignment""")
      result.add newTree(nkFastAsgn, le, tmp)
      return

    # generate: if le != tmp: `=destroy`(le)
    let branchDestructor = produceDestructorForDiscriminator(c.graph, objType, leDotExpr[1].sym, n.info)
    let cond = newNodeIT(nkInfix, n.info, getSysType(c.graph, unknownLineInfo, tyBool))
    cond.add newSymNode(getMagicEqSymForType(c.graph, le.typ, n.info))
    cond.add le
    cond.add tmp
    let notExpr = newNodeIT(nkPrefix, n.info, getSysType(c.graph, unknownLineInfo, tyBool))
    notExpr.add newSymNode(createMagic(c.graph, "not", mNot))
    notExpr.add cond
    result.add newTree(nkIfStmt, newTree(nkElifBranch, notExpr, genOp(c, branchDestructor, le)))
    result.add newTree(nkFastAsgn, le, tmp)
  else:
    result.add newTree(nkFastAsgn, le, tmp)

proc genWasMoved(n: PNode; c: var Con): PNode =
  result = newNodeI(nkCall, n.info)
  result.add(newSymNode(createMagic(c.graph, "wasMoved", mWasMoved)))
  result.add copyTree(n) #mWasMoved does not take the address

proc genDefaultCall(t: PType; c: Con; info: TLineInfo): PNode =
  result = newNodeI(nkCall, info)
  result.add(newSymNode(createMagic(c.graph, "default", mDefault)))
  result.typ = t

proc destructiveMoveVar(n: PNode; c: var Con): PNode =
  # generate: (let tmp = v; reset(v); tmp)
  if not hasDestructor(n.typ):
    result = copyTree(n)
  else:
    result = newNodeIT(nkStmtListExpr, n.info, n.typ)

    var temp = newSym(skLet, getIdent(c.graph.cache, "blitTmp"), c.owner, n.info)
    temp.typ = n.typ
    var v = newNodeI(nkLetSection, n.info)
    let tempAsNode = newSymNode(temp)

    var vpart = newNodeI(nkIdentDefs, tempAsNode.info, 3)
    vpart[0] = tempAsNode
    vpart[1] = c.emptyNode
    vpart[2] = n
    v.add(vpart)

    result.add v
    result.add genWasMoved(skipConv(n), c)
    result.add tempAsNode

proc sinkParamIsLastReadCheck(c: var Con, s: PNode) =
  assert s.kind == nkSym and s.sym.kind == skParam
  if not isLastRead(s, c):
    localError(c.graph.config, c.otherRead.info, "sink parameter `" & $s.sym.name.s &
        "` is already consumed at " & toFileLineCol(c. graph.config, s.info))

proc isClosureEnv(n: PNode): bool = n.kind == nkSym and n.sym.name.s[0] == ':'

proc passCopyToSink(n: PNode; c: var Con): PNode =
  result = newNodeIT(nkStmtListExpr, n.info, n.typ)
  let tmp = getTemp(c, n.typ, n.info)
  when not scopeBasedDestruction:
    c.addTopVar(tmp)
  if hasDestructor(n.typ):
    result.add genWasMoved(tmp, c)
    var m = genCopy(c, tmp, n)
    m.add p(n, c, normal)
    result.add m
    if isLValue(n) and not isClosureEnv(n) and n.typ.skipTypes(abstractInst).kind != tyRef and c.inSpawn == 0:
      message(c.graph.config, n.info, hintPerformance,
        ("passing '$1' to a sink parameter introduces an implicit copy; " &
        "use 'move($1)' to prevent it") % $n)
  else:
    if c.graph.config.selectedGC in {gcArc, gcOrc}:
      assert(not containsGarbageCollectedRef(n.typ))
    result.add newTree(nkAsgn, tmp, p(n, c, normal))
  # Since we know somebody will take over the produced copy, there is
  # no need to destroy it.
  result.add tmp

proc isDangerousSeq(t: PType): bool {.inline.} =
  let t = t.skipTypes(abstractInst)
  result = t.kind == tySequence and tfHasOwned notin t[0].flags

proc containsConstSeq(n: PNode): bool =
  if n.kind == nkBracket and n.len > 0 and n.typ != nil and isDangerousSeq(n.typ):
    return true
  result = false
  case n.kind
  of nkExprEqExpr, nkExprColonExpr, nkHiddenStdConv, nkHiddenSubConv:
    result = containsConstSeq(n[1])
  of nkObjConstr, nkClosure:
    for i in 1..<n.len:
      if containsConstSeq(n[i]): return true
  of nkCurly, nkBracket, nkPar, nkTupleConstr:
    for son in n:
      if containsConstSeq(son): return true
  else: discard

proc handleTmpDestroys(c: var Con; body: PNode; t: PType;
                       oldHasUnstructuredCf, oldTmpDestroysLen: int) =
  if c.hasUnstructuredCf == oldHasUnstructuredCf:
    # no need for a try-finally statement:
    if body.kind == nkStmtList:
      for i in countdown(c.scopeDestroys.high, oldTmpDestroysLen):
        body.add c.scopeDestroys[i]
    elif isEmptyType(t):
      var n = newNodeI(nkStmtList, body.info)
      n.add body[^1]
      for i in countdown(c.scopeDestroys.high, oldTmpDestroysLen):
        n.add c.scopeDestroys[i]
      body[^1] = n
    elif body.kind == nkStmtListExpr and body.len > 0 and body[^1].kind == nkSym:
      # special case: Do not translate (x; y; sym) into
      # (x; y; tmp = sym; destroy(x); destroy(y); tmp )
      # but into
      # (x; y; destroy(x); destroy(y); sym )
      let sym = body[^1]
      body[^1] = c.scopeDestroys[^1]
      for i in countdown(c.scopeDestroys.high - 1, oldTmpDestroysLen):
        body.add c.scopeDestroys[i]
      body.add sym
    else:
      # fun ahead: We have to transform (x; y; E()) into
      # (x; y; tmp = E(); destroy(x); destroy(y); tmp )
      let t2 = body[^1].typ
      let tmp = getTemp(c, t2, body.info)
      when not scopeBasedDestruction:
        c.addTopVar(tmp)
      # the tmp does not have to be initialized
      var n = newNodeIT(nkStmtListExpr, body.info, t2)
      n.add newTree(nkFastAsgn, tmp, body[^1])
      for i in countdown(c.scopeDestroys.high, oldTmpDestroysLen):
        n.add c.scopeDestroys[i]
      n.add tmp
      body[^1] = n
      #c.scopeDestroys.add genDestroy(c, tmp)
  else:
    # unstructured control flow was used, use a 'try finally' to ensure
    # destruction:
    if isEmptyType(t):
      var n = newNodeI(nkStmtList, body.info)
      for i in countdown(c.scopeDestroys.high, oldTmpDestroysLen):
        n.add c.scopeDestroys[i]
      body[^1] = newTryFinally(body[^1], n)
    else:
      # fun ahead: We have to transform (x; y; E()) into
      # ((try: tmp = (x; y; E()); finally: destroy(x); destroy(y)); tmp )
      let t2 = body[^1].typ
      let tmp = getTemp(c, t2, body.info)
      when not scopeBasedDestruction:
        c.addTopVar(tmp)
      # the tmp does not have to be initialized
      var fin = newNodeI(nkStmtList, body.info)
      for i in countdown(c.scopeDestroys.high, oldTmpDestroysLen):
        fin.add c.scopeDestroys[i]
      var n = newNodeIT(nkStmtListExpr, body.info, t2)
      n.add newTryFinally(newTree(nkFastAsgn, tmp, body[^1]), fin)
      n.add tmp
      body[^1] = n
      #c.scopeDestroys.add genDestroy(c, tmp)

  c.scopeDestroys.setLen oldTmpDestroysLen

proc handleNested(n, dest: PNode; c: var Con; mode: ProcessMode): PNode =
  template processCall(node: PNode): PNode =
    if node.typ == nil or dest == nil:
      p(node, c, mode)
    else:
      moveOrCopy(dest, node, c)

  proc handleScope(n, dest: PNode; t: PType;
                   takeOver: Natural; c: var Con; mode: ProcessMode): PNode =
    let oldHasUnstructuredCf = c.hasUnstructuredCf
    let oldTmpDestroysLen = c.scopeDestroys.len
    result = shallowCopy(n)
    for i in 0..<takeOver:
      result[i] = n[i]
    let last = n.len - 1
    for i in takeOver..<last:
      result[i] = p(n[i], c, normal)

    # if we have an expression producing a temporary, we must
    # not destroy it too early:
    if isEmptyType(t):
      result[last] = processCall(n[last])
      if c.scopeDestroys.len > oldTmpDestroysLen:
        handleTmpDestroys(c, result, t, oldHasUnstructuredCf, oldTmpDestroysLen)
    else:
      setLen(result.sons, last)
      if c.scopeDestroys.len > oldTmpDestroysLen:
        handleTmpDestroys(c, result, t, oldHasUnstructuredCf, oldTmpDestroysLen)
      if result.kind != nkFinally:
        result.add processCall(n[last])
      else:
        result = newTree(nkStmtListExpr, result, processCall(n[last]))
        result.typ = t

  case n.kind
  of nkStmtList, nkStmtListExpr:
    if n.len == 0: return n
    result = shallowCopy(n)
    let last = n.len - 1
    for i in 0..<last:
      result[i] = p(n[i], c, normal)
    result[last] = processCall(n[last])
    # A statement list does not introduce a scope, the AST can
    # contain silly nested statement lists.
  of nkBlockStmt, nkBlockExpr:
    result = handleScope(n, dest, n.typ, 1, c, mode)
  of nkIfStmt, nkIfExpr:
    result = copyNode(n)
    for son in n:
      result.add handleScope(son, dest, son[^1].typ, 0, c, mode)
  of nkCaseStmt:
    result = copyNode(n)
    result.add p(n[0], c, normal)
    for i in 1..<n.len:
      result.add handleScope(n[i], dest, n[i][^1].typ, n[i].len - 1, c, mode)
  of nkWhen: # This should be a "when nimvm" node.
    result = copyTree(n)
    result[1][0] = processCall(n[1][0])
    # handleScope(n[1][0], dest, n[1][0][^1].typ, 0, c, mode)
  of nkWhileStmt:
    inc c.inLoop
    result = handleScope(n, dest, nil, 0, c, mode)
    dec c.inLoop
  else: assert(false)

proc ensureDestruction(arg: PNode; c: var Con): PNode =
  # it can happen that we need to destroy expression contructors
  # like [], (), closures explicitly in order to not leak them.
  if arg.typ != nil and hasDestructor(arg.typ):
    # produce temp creation for (fn, env). But we need to move 'env'?
    # This was already done in the sink parameter handling logic.
    result = newNodeIT(nkStmtListExpr, arg.info, arg.typ)
    let tmp = getTemp(c, arg.typ, arg.info)
    when not scopeBasedDestruction:
      c.addTopVar(tmp)
      result.add genSink(c, tmp, arg)
      result.add tmp
      c.destroys.add genDestroy(c, tmp)
    else:
      # if we're inside a dangerous 'or' or 'and' expression, we
      # do need to initialize it. 'elif' is not among this problem
      # as we have a separate scope for 'elif' to attach the destructors to.
      if c.inDangerousBranch == 0 and c.hasUnstructuredCf == 0:
        tmp.sym.flags.incl sfNoInit
      c.addTopVar(tmp)
      # since we do not initialize these temporaries anymore, we
      # use raw assignments instead of =sink:
      result.add newTree(nkFastAsgn, tmp, arg)
      result.add tmp
      c.scopeDestroys.add genDestroy(c, tmp)
  else:
    result = arg

proc isCursor(n: PNode): bool =
  case n.kind
  of nkSym:
    result = sfCursor in n.sym.flags
  of nkDotExpr:
    result = sfCursor in n[1].sym.flags
  of nkCheckedFieldExpr:
    result = isCursor(n[0])
  else:
    result = false

proc cycleCheck(n: PNode; c: var Con) =
  if c.graph.config.selectedGC != gcArc: return
  var value = n[1]
  if value.kind == nkClosure:
    value = value[1]
  if value.kind == nkNilLit: return
  let destTyp = n[0].typ.skipTypes(abstractInst)
  if destTyp.kind != tyRef and not (destTyp.kind == tyProc and destTyp.callConv == ccClosure):
    return

  var x = n[0]
  var field: PNode = nil
  while true:
    if x.kind == nkDotExpr:
      field = x[1]
      if field.kind == nkSym and sfCursor in field.sym.flags: return
      x = x[0]
    elif x.kind in {nkBracketExpr, nkCheckedFieldExpr, nkDerefExpr, nkHiddenDeref}:
      x = x[0]
    else:
      break
    if exprStructuralEquivalent(x, value, strictSymEquality = true):
      let msg =
        if field != nil:
          "'$#' creates an uncollectable ref cycle; annotate '$#' with .cursor" % [$n, $field]
        else:
          "'$#' creates an uncollectable ref cycle" % [$n]
      message(c.graph.config, n.info, warnCycleCreated, msg)
      break

proc pVarTopLevel(v: PNode; c: var Con; ri, res: PNode) =
  # move the variable declaration to the top of the frame:
  if not containsOrIncl(c.declaredVars, v.sym.id):
    c.addTopVar v
  if isUnpackedTuple(v):
    if c.inLoop > 0:
      # unpacked tuple needs reset at every loop iteration
      res.add newTree(nkFastAsgn, v, genDefaultCall(v.typ, c, v.info))
  elif sfThread notin v.sym.flags:
    # do not destroy thread vars for now at all for consistency.
    if sfGlobal in v.sym.flags:
      c.graph.globalDestructors.add genDestroy(c, v)
    else:
      c.destroys.add genDestroy(c, v)
  if ri.kind == nkEmpty and c.inLoop > 0:
    res.add moveOrCopy(v, genDefaultCall(v.typ, c, v.info), c)
  elif ri.kind != nkEmpty:
    res.add moveOrCopy(v, ri, c)

proc pVarScoped(v: PNode; c: var Con; ri, res: PNode) =
  if not containsOrIncl(c.declaredVars, v.sym.id):
    c.addTopVar(v)
  if isUnpackedTuple(v):
    if c.inLoop > 0:
      # unpacked tuple needs reset at every loop iteration
      res.add newTree(nkFastAsgn, v, genDefaultCall(v.typ, c, v.info))
  elif {sfGlobal, sfThread} * v.sym.flags == {sfGlobal}:
    c.graph.globalDestructors.add genDestroy(c, v)
  else:
    # We always translate 'var v = f()' into bitcopies. If 'v' is in a loop,
    # the destruction at the loop end will free the resources. Other assignments
    # will destroy the old value inside 'v'. If we have 'var v' without an initial
    # default value we translate it into 'var v = default()'. We translate
    # 'var x = someGlobal' into 'var v = default(); `=`(v, someGlobal). The
    # lack of copy constructors is really beginning to hurt us. :-(
    #if c.inDangerousBranch == 0: v.sym.flags.incl sfNoInit
    c.scopeDestroys.add genDestroy(c, v)
  if ri.kind == nkEmpty and c.inLoop > 0:
    res.add moveOrCopy(v, genDefaultCall(v.typ, c, v.info), c)
  elif ri.kind != nkEmpty:
    res.add moveOrCopy(v, ri, c)

template handleNestedTempl(n: untyped, processCall: untyped) =
  case n.kind
  of nkStmtList, nkStmtListExpr:
    if n.len == 0: return n
    result = copyNode(n)
    for i in 0..<n.len-1:
      result.add p(n[i], c, normal)
    template node: untyped = n[^1]
    result.add processCall
  of nkBlockStmt, nkBlockExpr:
    result = copyNode(n)
    result.add n[0]
    template node: untyped = n[1]
    result.add processCall
  of nkIfStmt, nkIfExpr:
    result = copyNode(n)
    for son in n:
      var branch = copyNode(son)
      if son.kind in {nkElifBranch, nkElifExpr}:
        template node: untyped = son[1]
        branch.add p(son[0], c, normal) #The condition
        branch.add if node.typ == nil: p(node, c, normal) #noreturn
                   else: processCall
      else:
        template node: untyped = son[0]
        branch.add if node.typ == nil: p(node, c, normal) #noreturn
                   else: processCall
      result.add branch
  of nkCaseStmt:
    result = copyNode(n)
    result.add p(n[0], c, normal)
    for i in 1..<n.len:
      var branch: PNode
      if n[i].kind == nkOfBranch:
        branch = n[i] # of branch conditions are constants
        template node: untyped = n[i][^1]
        branch[^1] = if node.typ == nil: p(node, c, normal) #noreturn
                     else: processCall
      elif n[i].kind in {nkElifBranch, nkElifExpr}:
        branch = copyNode(n[i])
        branch.add p(n[i][0], c, normal) #The condition
        template node: untyped = n[i][1]
        branch.add if node.typ == nil: p(node, c, normal) #noreturn
                   else: processCall
      else:
        branch = copyNode(n[i])
        template node: untyped = n[i][0]
        branch.add if node.typ == nil: p(node, c, normal) #noreturn
                   else: processCall
      result.add branch
  of nkWhen: # This should be a "when nimvm" node.
    result = copyTree(n)
    template node: untyped = n[1][0]
    result[1][0] = processCall
  of nkWhileStmt:
    inc c.inLoop
    result = copyNode(n)
    result.add p(n[0], c, normal)
    result.add p(n[1], c, normal)
    dec c.inLoop
  else: assert(false)

when false:
  proc eqTrees*(a, b: PNode): bool =
    if a == b:
      result = true
    elif (a != nil) and (b != nil) and (a.kind == b.kind):
      case a.kind
      of nkSym:
        #result = a.sym == b.sym or (a.sym.kind == skTemp and b.sym.kind == skTemp)
        result = true
      of nkIdent: result = a.ident.id == b.ident.id
      of nkCharLit..nkUInt64Lit: result = a.intVal == b.intVal
      of nkFloatLit..nkFloat64Lit:
        result = cast[uint64](a.floatVal) == cast[uint64](b.floatVal)
      of nkStrLit..nkTripleStrLit: result = a.strVal == b.strVal
      of nkCommentStmt: result = a.comment == b.comment
      of nkEmpty, nkNilLit, nkType: result = true
      else:
        if a.len == b.len:
          for i in 0..<a.len:
            if not eqTrees(a[i], b[i]): return
          result = true
    if not result:
      #if a.kind == nkFloat64Lit and b.kind == nkFloat64Lit:
      echo "not the same ", a.kind, " ", b.kind
      #echo a.floatVal, "##", b.floatVal, "##"

proc p(n: PNode; c: var Con; mode: ProcessMode): PNode =
  if n.kind in {nkStmtList, nkStmtListExpr, nkBlockStmt, nkBlockExpr, nkIfStmt,
                nkIfExpr, nkCaseStmt, nkWhen, nkWhileStmt}:
    when not scopeBasedDestruction:
      handleNestedTempl(n): p(node, c, mode)
    else:
      result = handleNested(n, nil, c, mode)
  elif mode == sinkArg:
    if n.containsConstSeq:
      # const sequences are not mutable and so we need to pass a copy to the
      # sink parameter (bug #11524). Note that the string implementation is
      # different and can deal with 'const string sunk into var'.
      result = passCopyToSink(n, c)
    elif n.kind in {nkBracket, nkObjConstr, nkTupleConstr, nkClosure, nkNilLit} +
         nkCallKinds + nkLiterals:
      result = p(n, c, consumed)
    elif n.kind == nkSym and isSinkParam(n.sym) and isLastRead(n, c):
      # Sinked params can be consumed only once. We need to reset the memory
      # to disable the destructor which we have not elided
      #sinkParamIsLastReadCheck(c, n)
      result = destructiveMoveVar(n, c)
    elif isAnalysableFieldAccess(n, c.owner) and isLastRead(n, c):
      # it is the last read, can be sinkArg. We need to reset the memory
      # to disable the destructor which we have not elided
      result = destructiveMoveVar(n, c)
    elif n.kind in {nkHiddenSubConv, nkHiddenStdConv, nkConv}:
      result = copyTree(n)
      if n.typ.skipTypes(abstractInst-{tyOwned}).kind != tyOwned and
          n[1].typ.skipTypes(abstractInst-{tyOwned}).kind == tyOwned:
        # allow conversions from owned to unowned via this little hack:
        let nTyp = n[1].typ
        n[1].typ = n.typ
        result[1] = p(n[1], c, sinkArg)
        result[1].typ = nTyp
      else:
        result[1] = p(n[1], c, sinkArg)
    elif n.kind in {nkObjDownConv, nkObjUpConv}:
      result = copyTree(n)
      result[0] = p(n[0], c, sinkArg)
    elif n.typ == nil:
      # 'raise X' can be part of a 'case' expression. Deal with it here:
      result = p(n, c, normal)
    else:
      # copy objects that are not temporary but passed to a 'sink' parameter
      result = passCopyToSink(n, c)
  else:
    case n.kind
    of nkBracket, nkObjConstr, nkTupleConstr, nkClosure:
      # Let C(x) be the construction, 'x' the vector of arguments.
      # C(x) either owns 'x' or it doesn't.
      # If C(x) owns its data, we must consume C(x).
      # If it doesn't own the data, it's harmful to destroy it (double frees etc).
      # We have the freedom to choose whether it owns it or not so we are smart about it
      # and we say, "if passed to a sink we demand C(x) to own its data"
      # otherwise we say "C(x) is just some temporary storage, it doesn't own anything,
      # don't destroy it"
      # but if C(x) is a ref it MUST own its data since we must destroy it
      # so then we have no choice but to use 'sinkArg'.
      let isRefConstr = n.kind == nkObjConstr and n.typ.skipTypes(abstractInst).kind == tyRef
      let m = if isRefConstr: sinkArg
              elif mode == normal: normal
              else: sinkArg

      result = copyTree(n)
      for i in ord(n.kind in {nkObjConstr, nkClosure})..<n.len:
        if n[i].kind == nkExprColonExpr:
          result[i][1] = p(n[i][1], c, m)
        else:
          result[i] = p(n[i], c, m)
      if mode == normal and isRefConstr:
        result = ensureDestruction(result, c)
    of nkCallKinds:
      let inSpawn = c.inSpawn
      if n[0].kind == nkSym and n[0].sym.magic == mSpawn:
        c.inSpawn.inc
      elif c.inSpawn > 0:
        c.inSpawn.dec

      let parameters = n[0].typ
      let L = if parameters != nil: parameters.len else: 0

      var isDangerous = false
      if n[0].kind == nkSym and n[0].sym.magic in {mOr, mAnd}:
        inc c.inDangerousBranch
        isDangerous = true

      result = shallowCopy(n)
      for i in 1..<n.len:
        if i < L and (isSinkTypeForParam(parameters[i]) or inSpawn > 0):
          result[i] = p(n[i], c, sinkArg)
        else:
          result[i] = p(n[i], c, normal)

      if isDangerous:
        dec c.inDangerousBranch

      if n[0].kind == nkSym and n[0].sym.magic in {mNew, mNewFinalize}:
        result[0] = copyTree(n[0])
        if c.graph.config.selectedGC in {gcHooks, gcArc, gcOrc}:
          let destroyOld = genDestroy(c, result[1])
          result = newTree(nkStmtList, destroyOld, result)
      else:
        result[0] = p(n[0], c, normal)
      when scopeBasedDestruction:
        if canRaise(n[0]): inc c.hasUnstructuredCf
      if mode == normal:
        result = ensureDestruction(result, c)
    of nkDiscardStmt: # Small optimization
      result = shallowCopy(n)
      if n[0].kind != nkEmpty:
        result[0] = p(n[0], c, normal)
      else:
        result[0] = copyNode(n[0])
    of nkVarSection, nkLetSection:
      # transform; var x = y to  var x; x op y  where op is a move or copy
      result = newNodeI(nkStmtList, n.info)
      for it in n:
        var ri = it[^1]
        if it.kind == nkVarTuple and hasDestructor(ri.typ):
          let x = lowerTupleUnpacking(c.graph, it, c.owner)
          result.add p(x, c, consumed)
        elif it.kind == nkIdentDefs and hasDestructor(it[0].typ) and not isCursor(it[0]):
          for j in 0..<it.len-2:
            let v = it[j]
            if v.kind == nkSym:
              if sfCompileTime in v.sym.flags: continue
              when not scopeBasedDestruction:
                pVarTopLevel(v, c, ri, result)
              else:
                pVarScoped(v, c, ri, result)
            else:
              if ri.kind == nkEmpty and c.inLoop > 0:
                ri = genDefaultCall(v.typ, c, v.info)
              if ri.kind != nkEmpty:
                result.add moveOrCopy(v, ri, c)
        else: # keep the var but transform 'ri':
          var v = copyNode(n)
          var itCopy = copyNode(it)
          for j in 0..<it.len-1:
            itCopy.add it[j]
          itCopy.add p(it[^1], c, normal)
          v.add itCopy
          result.add v
    of nkAsgn, nkFastAsgn:
      if hasDestructor(n[0].typ) and n[1].kind notin {nkProcDef, nkDo, nkLambda} and
          not isCursor(n[0]):
        # rule (self-assignment-removal):
        if n[1].kind == nkSym and n[0].kind == nkSym and n[0].sym == n[1].sym:
          result = newNodeI(nkEmpty, n.info)
        else:
          if n[0].kind in {nkDotExpr, nkCheckedFieldExpr}:
            cycleCheck(n, c)
          assert n[1].kind notin {nkAsgn, nkFastAsgn}
          result = moveOrCopy(p(n[0], c, mode), n[1], c)
      elif isDiscriminantField(n[0]):
        result = genDiscriminantAsgn(c, n)
      else:
        result = copyNode(n)
        result.add p(n[0], c, mode)
        result.add p(n[1], c, consumed)
    of nkRaiseStmt:
      if optOwnedRefs in c.graph.config.globalOptions and n[0].kind != nkEmpty:
        if n[0].kind in nkCallKinds:
          let call = p(n[0], c, normal)
          result = copyNode(n)
          result.add call
        else:
          let tmp = getTemp(c, n[0].typ, n.info)
          c.addTopVar(tmp)
          var m = genCopyNoCheck(c, tmp, n[0])
          m.add p(n[0], c, normal)
          result = newTree(nkStmtList, genWasMoved(tmp, c), m)
          var toDisarm = n[0]
          if toDisarm.kind == nkStmtListExpr: toDisarm = toDisarm.lastSon
          if toDisarm.kind == nkSym and toDisarm.sym.owner == c.owner:
            result.add genWasMoved(toDisarm, c)
          result.add newTree(nkRaiseStmt, tmp)
      else:
        result = copyNode(n)
        if n[0].kind != nkEmpty:
          result.add p(n[0], c, sinkArg)
        else:
          result.add copyNode(n[0])
      inc c.hasUnstructuredCf
    of nkWhileStmt:
      result = handleNested(n, nil, c, mode)
    of nkNone..nkNilLit, nkTypeSection, nkProcDef, nkConverterDef,
       nkMethodDef, nkIteratorDef, nkMacroDef, nkTemplateDef, nkLambda, nkDo,
       nkFuncDef, nkConstSection, nkConstDef, nkIncludeStmt, nkImportStmt,
       nkExportStmt, nkPragma, nkCommentStmt, nkBreakState:
      result = n
    of nkBreakStmt:
      inc c.hasUnstructuredCf
      result = n
    of nkReturnStmt:
      result = shallowCopy(n)
      for i in 0..<n.len:
        result[i] = p(n[i], c, mode)
      inc c.hasUnstructuredCf
    else:
      result = shallowCopy(n)
      for i in 0..<n.len:
        result[i] = p(n[i], c, mode)

proc moveOrCopy(dest, ri: PNode; c: var Con): PNode =
  case ri.kind
  of nkCallKinds:
    result = genSink(c, dest, p(ri, c, consumed))
  of nkBracketExpr:
    if isUnpackedTuple(ri[0]):
      # unpacking of tuple: take over the elements
      result = genSink(c, dest, p(ri, c, consumed))
    elif isAnalysableFieldAccess(ri, c.owner) and isLastRead(ri, c) and
        not aliases(dest, ri):
      # Rule 3: `=sink`(x, z); wasMoved(z)
      var snk = genSink(c, dest, ri)
      result = newTree(nkStmtList, snk, genWasMoved(ri, c))
    else:
      result = genCopy(c, dest, ri)
      result.add p(ri, c, consumed)
  of nkBracket:
    # array constructor
    if ri.len > 0 and isDangerousSeq(ri.typ):
      result = genCopy(c, dest, ri)
      result.add p(ri, c, consumed)
    else:
      result = genSink(c, dest, p(ri, c, consumed))
  of nkObjConstr, nkTupleConstr, nkClosure, nkCharLit..nkNilLit:
    result = genSink(c, dest, p(ri, c, consumed))
  of nkSym:
    if isSinkParam(ri.sym) and isLastRead(ri, c):
      # Rule 3: `=sink`(x, z); wasMoved(z)
      #sinkParamIsLastReadCheck(c, ri)
      let snk = genSink(c, dest, ri)
      result = newTree(nkStmtList, snk, genWasMoved(ri, c))
    elif ri.sym.kind != skParam and ri.sym.owner == c.owner and
        isLastRead(ri, c) and canBeMoved(c, dest.typ):
      # Rule 3: `=sink`(x, z); wasMoved(z)
      let snk = genSink(c, dest, ri)
      result = newTree(nkStmtList, snk, genWasMoved(ri, c))
    else:
      result = genCopy(c, dest, ri)
      result.add p(ri, c, consumed)
  of nkHiddenSubConv, nkHiddenStdConv, nkConv:
    when false:
      result = moveOrCopy(dest, ri[1], c)
      if not sameType(ri.typ, ri[1].typ):
        let copyRi = copyTree(ri)
        copyRi[1] = result[^1]
        result[^1] = copyRi
    else:
      result = genSink(c, dest, p(ri, c, sinkArg))
  of nkObjDownConv, nkObjUpConv:
    when false:
      result = moveOrCopy(dest, ri[0], c)
      let copyRi = copyTree(ri)
      copyRi[0] = result[^1]
      result[^1] = copyRi
    else:
      result = genSink(c, dest, p(ri, c, sinkArg))
  of nkStmtListExpr, nkBlockExpr, nkIfExpr, nkCaseStmt:
    when scopeBasedDestruction:
      result = handleNested(ri, dest, c, normal)
    else:
      handleNestedTempl(ri): moveOrCopy(dest, node, c)
  else:
    if isAnalysableFieldAccess(ri, c.owner) and isLastRead(ri, c) and
        canBeMoved(c, dest.typ):
      # Rule 3: `=sink`(x, z); wasMoved(z)
      let snk = genSink(c, dest, ri)
      result = newTree(nkStmtList, snk, genWasMoved(ri, c))
    else:
      result = genCopy(c, dest, ri)
      result.add p(ri, c, consumed)

proc computeUninit(c: var Con) =
  if not c.uninitComputed:
    c.uninitComputed = true
    c.uninit = initIntSet()
    var init = initIntSet()
    discard initialized(c.g, pc = 0, init, c.uninit, comesFrom = -1)

proc injectDefaultCalls(n: PNode, c: var Con) =
  case n.kind
  of nkVarSection, nkLetSection:
    for it in n:
      if it.kind == nkIdentDefs and it[^1].kind == nkEmpty:
        computeUninit(c)
        for j in 0..<it.len-2:
          let v = it[j]
          doAssert v.kind == nkSym
          if c.uninit.contains(v.sym.id):
            it[^1] = genDefaultCall(v.sym.typ, c, v.info)
            break
  of nkNone..nkNilLit, nkTypeSection, nkProcDef, nkConverterDef, nkMethodDef,
      nkIteratorDef, nkMacroDef, nkTemplateDef, nkLambda, nkDo, nkFuncDef:
    discard
  else:
    for i in 0..<n.safeLen:
      injectDefaultCalls(n[i], c)

proc extractDestroysForTemporaries(c: Con, destroys: PNode): PNode =
  result = newNodeI(nkStmtList, destroys.info)
  for i in 0..<destroys.len:
    if destroys[i][1][0].sym.kind == skTemp:
      result.add destroys[i]
      destroys[i] = c.emptyNode

proc injectDestructorCalls*(g: ModuleGraph; owner: PSym; n: PNode): PNode =
  if sfGeneratedOp in owner.flags or (owner.kind == skIterator and isInlineIterator(owner.typ)):
    return n
  var c: Con
  c.owner = owner
  c.destroys = newNodeI(nkStmtList, n.info)
  c.topLevelVars = newNodeI(nkVarSection, n.info)
  c.graph = g
  c.emptyNode = newNodeI(nkEmpty, n.info)
  let cfg = constructCfg(owner, n)
  shallowCopy(c.g, cfg)
  c.jumpTargets = initIntSet()
  for i in 0..<c.g.len:
    if c.g[i].kind in {goto, fork}:
      c.jumpTargets.incl(i+c.g[i].dest)
  dbg:
    echo "\n### ", owner.name.s, ":\nCFG:"
    echoCfg(c.g)
    echo n
  if owner.kind in {skProc, skFunc, skMethod, skIterator, skConverter}:
    let params = owner.typ.n
    for i in 1..<params.len:
      let t = params[i].sym.typ
      if isSinkTypeForParam(t) and hasDestructor(t.skipTypes({tySink})):
        c.destroys.add genDestroy(c, params[i])
  #if optNimV2 in c.graph.config.globalOptions:
  #  injectDefaultCalls(n, c)
  let body = p(n, c, normal)
  result = newNodeI(nkStmtList, n.info)
  if c.topLevelVars.len > 0:
    result.add c.topLevelVars
  if c.destroys.len > 0 or c.scopeDestroys.len > 0:
    reverse c.destroys.sons
    var fin: PNode
    if owner.kind == skModule:
      fin = newTryFinally(body, extractDestroysForTemporaries(c, c.destroys))
      g.globalDestructors.add c.destroys
    else:
      fin = newTryFinally(body, c.destroys)
    for i in countdown(c.scopeDestroys.high, 0): fin[1][0].add c.scopeDestroys[i]
    result.add fin
  else:
    result.add body
  dbg:
    echo ">---------transformed-to--------->"
    echo renderTree(result, {renderIds})