import std/wrapnils proc checkNotZero(x: float): float = doAssert x != 0 x proc main() = var witness = 0 type Bar = object b1: int b2: ptr string type Foo = ref object x1: float x2: Foo x3: string x4: Bar x5: seq[int] x6: ptr Bar x7: array[2, string] x8: seq[int] x9: ref Bar type Gook = ref object foo: Foo proc fun(a: Bar): auto = a.b2 var a: Foo var x6: ptr Bar when nimvm: discard # pending https://github.com/timotheecour/Nim/issues/568 else: x6 = create(Bar) x6.b1 = 42 var a2 = Foo(x1: 1.0, x5: @[10, 11], x6: x6) var a3 = Foo(x1: 1.2, x3: "abc") a3.x2 = a3 var gook = Gook(foo: a) proc initFoo(x1: float): auto = witness.inc result = Foo(x1: x1) doAssert ?.a.x2.x2.x1 == 0.0 doAssert ?.a3.x2.x2.x1 == 1.2 doAssert ?.a3.x2.x2.x3[1] == 'b' doAssert ?.a3.x2.x2.x5.len == 0 doAssert a3.x2.x2.x3.len == 3 doAssert ?.a.x2.x2.x3[1] == default(char) # here we only apply wrapnil around gook.foo, not gook (and assume gook is not nil) doAssert ?.(gook.foo).x2.x2.x1 == 0.0 when nimvm: discard else: doAssert ?.a2.x6[] == Bar(b1: 42) # deref for ptr Bar doAssert ?.a2.x1.checkNotZero == 1.0 doAssert a == nil # shows that checkNotZero won't be called if a nil is found earlier in chain doAssert ?.a.x1.checkNotZero == 0.0 when nimvm: discard else: # checks that a chain without nil but with an empty seq still raises doAssertRaises(IndexDefect): discard ?.a2.x8[3] # make sure no double evaluation bug doAssert witness == 0 doAssert ?.initFoo(1.3).x1 == 1.3 doAssert witness == 1 # here, it's used twice, to deref `ref Bar` and then `ptr string` doAssert ?.a.x9[].fun[] == "" block: # `??.` doAssert (??.a3.x2.x2.x3.len).get == 3 doAssert (??.a2.x4).isSome doAssert not (??.a.x4).isSome main() static: main()