==== News ==== 2013-XX-XX Version 0.9.2 released ================================= Version 0.9.2 has been released! Get it `here `_. Bugfixes -------- - The old GC never collected cycles correctly. Fixed but it can cause performance regressions. However you can deactivate the cycle collector with ``GC_disableMarkAndSweep`` and run it explicitly at an appropriate time or not at all. There is also a new GC you can activate with ``--gc:markAndSweep`` which does not have this problem but is slower in general and has no realtime guarantees. Library Additions ----------------- - There is a new experimental mark&sweep GC which can be faster (or much slower) than the default GC. Enable with ``--gc:markAndSweep``. - Added ``system.onRaise`` to support a condition system. - Added ``system.locals`` that provides access to a proc's locals. - Added ``macros.quote`` for AST quasi-quoting. - Added ``system.unsafeNew`` to support hacky variable length objects. - ``system.fields`` and ``system.fieldPairs`` support ``object`` too; they used to only support tuples. - Added ``system.CurrentSourcePath`` returning the full file-system path of the current source file. Changes affecting backwards compatibility ----------------------------------------- - ``shared`` is a keyword now. - Deprecated ``sockets.recvLine`` and ``asyncio.recvLine``, added ``readLine`` instead. - The way indentation is handled in the parser changed significantly. However, this affects very little (if any) real world code. - The expression/statement unification has been implemented. Again this only affects edge cases and no known real world code. - The scope rules of ``if`` statements will change in 0.9.4. This affects the ``=~`` pegs/re templates. Compiler Additions ------------------ - The ``doc2`` command does not generate output for the whole project anymore. Use the new ``--project`` switch to enable this behaviour. - The compiler can now warn about shadowed local variables. However, this needs to be turned on explicitly via ``--warning[ShadowIdent]:on``. - The compiler now supports almost every pragma in a ``push`` pragma. - Generic converters have been implemented. - Added a ``noforward`` pragma enabling a special compilation mode that largely eliminates the need for forward declarations. Language Additions ------------------ - ``case expressions`` are now supported. - Table constructors now mimic more closely the syntax of the ``case`` statement. - Nimrod can now infer the return type of a proc from its body. - Added a ``mixin`` declaration to affect symbol binding rules in generics. - Exception tracking has been added and the ``doc2`` command annotates possible exceptions for you. - User defined effects ("tags") tracking has been added and the ``doc2`` command annotates possible tags for you. - Types can be annotated with the new syntax ``not nil`` to explictly state that ``nil`` is not allowed. However currently the compiler performs no advanced static checking for this; for now it's merely for documentation purposes. - An ``export`` statement has been added to the language: It can be used for symbol forwarding so client modules don't have to import a module's dependencies explicitly. - Overloading based on ASTs has been implemented. - Generics are now supported for multi methods. - Objects can be initialized via an *object constructor expression*. - There is a new syntactic construct ``(;)`` unifying expressions and statements. 2012-09-23 Version 0.9.0 released ================================= Summary ------- * Unsigned integers have been added. * The integer type promotion rules changed. * The template and macro system evolved. * Closures have been implemented. * Term rewriting macros have been implemented. * First steps to unify expressions and statements have been taken. * Symbol lookup rules in generics have become stricter to catch more errors. Bugfixes -------- - Fixed a bug where the compiler would "optimize away" valid constant parts of a string concatenation. - Fixed a bug concerning implicit type conversions in ``case`` statements. - Fixed a serious code generation bug that caused ``algorithm.sort`` to produce segmentation faults. - Fixed ambiguity in recvLine which mea
import ast

template elementType*(T: typedesc): typedesc =
  typeof(block:
    var a: T
    for ai in a: ai)

proc fromLit*(a: PNode, T: typedesc): auto =
  ## generic PNode => type
  ## see also reverse operation `toLit`
  when T is set:
    result = default(T)
    type Ti = elementType(T)
    for ai in a:
      result.incl Ti(ai.intVal)
  else:
    static: doAssert false, "not yet supported: " & $T # add as needed

proc toLit*[T](a: T): PNode =
  ## generic type => PNode
  ## see also reverse operation `fromLit`
  when T is string: newStrNode(nkStrLit, a)
  elif T is Ordinal: newIntNode(nkIntLit, a.ord)
  elif T is (proc): newNode(nkNilLit)
  elif T is ref:
    if a == nil: newNode(nkNilLit)
    else: toLit(a[])
  elif T is tuple:
    result = newTree(nkTupleConstr)
    for ai in fields(a): result.add toLit(ai)
  elif T is object:
    result = newTree(nkObjConstr)
    result.add(newNode(nkEmpty))
    for k, ai in fieldPairs(a):
      let reti = newNode(nkExprColonExpr)
      reti.add k.toLit
      reti.add ai.toLit
      result.add reti
  else:
    static: doAssert false, "not yet supported: " & $T # add as needed
generated by cgit-pink 1.4.1-2-gfad0 (git 2.36.2.497.gbbea4dcf42) at 2025-02-15 04:19:41 +0000
Added ``asyncio`` module. - Added ``actors`` module. - Added ``algorithm`` module for generic ``sort``, ``reverse`` etc. operations. - Added ``osproc.startCmd``, ``osproc.execCmdEx``. - The ``osproc`` module now uses ``posix_spawn`` instead of ``fork`` and ``exec`` on Posix systems. Define the symbol ``useFork`` to revert to the old implementation. - Added ``intsets.assign``. - Added ``system.astToStr`` and ``system.rand``, ``system.doAssert``. - Added ``system.pairs`` for built-in types like arrays and strings. 2011-07-10 Version 0.8.12 released ================================== Bugfixes -------- - Bugfix: ``httpclient`` correct passes the path starting with ``/``. - Bugfixes for the ``htmlparser`` module. - Bugfix: ``pegs.find`` did not respect ``start`` parameter. - Bugfix: ``dialogs.ChooseFilesToOpen`` did not work if only one file is selected. - Bugfix: niminst: ``nimrod`` is not default dir for *every* project. - Bugfix: Multiple yield statements in iterators did not cause local vars to be copied. - Bugfix: The compiler does not emit very inaccurate floating point literals anymore. - Bugfix: Subclasses are taken into account for ``try except`` matching. - Bugfix: Generics and macros are more stable. There are still known bugs left though. - Bugfix: Generated type information for tuples was sometimes wrong, causing random crashes. - Lots of other bugfixes: Too many to list them all. Changes affecting backwards compatibility ----------------------------------------- - Operators starting with ``^`` are now right-associative and have the highest priority. - Deprecated ``os.getApplicationFilename``: Use ``os.getAppFilename`` instead. - Deprecated ``os.getApplicationDir``: Use ``os.getAppDir`` instead. - Deprecated ``system.copy``: Use ``substr`` or string slicing instead. - Changed and documented how generalized string literals work: The syntax ``module.re"abc"`` is now supported. - Changed the behaviour of ``strutils.%``, ``ropes.%`` if both notations ``$#`` and ``$i`` are involved. - The ``pegs`` and ``re`` modules distinguish between ``replace`` and ``replacef`` operations. - The pointer dereference operation ``p^`` is deprecated and might become ``^p`` in later versions or be dropped entirely since it is rarely used. Use the new notation ``p[]`` in the rare cases where you need to dereference a pointer explicitely. - ``system.readFile`` does not return ``nil`` anymore but raises an ``EIO`` exception instead. - Unsound co-/contravariance for procvars has been removed. Language Additions ------------------ - Source code filters are now documented. - Added the ``linearScanEnd``, ``unroll``, ``shallow`` pragmas. - Added ``emit`` pragma for direct code generator control. - Case statement branches support constant sets for programming convenience. - Tuple unpacking is not enforced in ``for`` loops anymore. - The compiler now supports array, sequence and string slicing. - A field in an ``enum`` may be given an explicit string representation. This yields more maintainable code than using a constant ``array[TMyEnum, string]`` mapping. - Indices in array literals may be explicitly given, enhancing readability: ``[enumValueA: "a", enumValueB: "b"]``. - Added thread support via the ``threads`` core module and the ``--threads:on`` command line switch. - The built-in iterators ``system.fields`` and ``system.fieldPairs`` can be used to iterate over any field of a tuple. With this mechanism operations like ``==`` and ``hash`` are lifted to tuples. - The slice ``..`` is now a first-class operator, allowing code like: ``x in 1000..100_000``. Compiler Additions ------------------ - The compiler supports IDEs via the new group of ``idetools`` command line options. - The *interactive mode* (REPL) has been improved and documented for the first time. - The compiler now might use hashing for string case statements depending on the number of string literals in the case statement. Library Additions ----------------- - Added ``lists`` module which contains generic linked lists. - Added ``sets`` module which contains generic hash sets. - Added ``tables`` module which contains generic hash tables. - Added ``queues`` module which contains generic sequence based queues. - Added ``intsets`` module which contains a specialized int set data type. - Added ``scgi`` module. - Added ``smtp`` module. - Added ``encodings`` module. - Added ``re.findAll``, ``pegs.findAll``. - Added ``os.findExe``. - Added ``parseutils.parseUntil`` and ``parseutils.parseWhile``. - Added ``strutils.align``, ``strutils.tokenize``, ``strutils.wordWrap``. - Pegs support a *captured search loop operator* ``{@}``. - Pegs support new built-ins: ``\letter``, ``\upper``, ``\lower``, ``\title``, ``\white``. - Pegs support the new built-in ``\skip`` operation. - Pegs support the ``$`` and ``^`` anchors. - Additional operations were added to the ``complex`` module. - Added ``strutils.formatFloat``, ``strutils.formatBiggestFloat``. - Added unary ``<`` for nice looking excluding upper bounds in ranges. - Added ``math.floor``. - Added ``system.reset`` and a version of ``system.open`` that returns a ``TFile`` and raises an exception in case of an error. - Added a wrapper for ``redis``. - Added a wrapper for ``0mq`` via the ``zmq`` module. - Added a wrapper for ``sphinx``. - Added ``system.newStringOfCap``. - Added ``system.raiseHook`` and ``system.outOfMemHook``. - Added ``system.writeFile``. - Added ``system.shallowCopy``. - ``system.echo`` is guaranteed to be thread-safe. - Added ``prelude`` include file for scripting convenience. - Added ``typeinfo`` core module for access to runtime type information. - Added ``marshal`` module for JSON serialization. 2010-10-20 Version 0.8.10 released ================================== Bugfixes -------- - Bugfix: Command line parsing on Windows and ``os.parseCmdLine`` now adheres to the same parsing rules as Microsoft's C/C++ startup code. - Bugfix: Passing a ``ref`` pointer to the untyped ``pointer`` type is invalid. - Bugfix: Updated ``keyval`` example. - Bugfix: ``system.splitChunk`` still contained code for debug output. - Bugfix: ``dialogs.ChooseFileToSave`` uses ``STOCK_SAVE`` instead of ``STOCK_OPEN`` for the GTK backend. - Bugfix: Various bugs concerning exception handling fixed. - Bugfix: ``low(somestring)`` crashed the compiler. - Bugfix: ``strutils.endsWith`` lacked range checking. - Bugfix: Better detection for AMD64 on Mac OS X. Changes affecting backwards compatibility ----------------------------------------- - Reversed parameter order for ``os.copyFile`` and ``os.moveFile``!!! - Procs not marked as ``procvar`` cannot only be passed to a procvar anymore, unless they are used in the same module. - Deprecated ``times.getStartMilsecs``: Use ``epochTime`` or ``cpuTime`` instead. - Removed ``system.OpenFile``. - Removed ``system.CloseFile``. - Removed ``strutils.replaceStr``. - Removed ``strutils.deleteStr``. - Removed ``strutils.splitLinesSeq``. - Removed ``strutils.splitSeq``. - Removed ``strutils.toString``. - If a DLL cannot be loaded (via the ``dynlib`` pragma) ``EInvalidLibrary`` is not raised anymore. Instead ``system.quit()`` is called. This is because raising an exception requires heap allocations. However the memory manager might be contained in the DLL that failed to load. - The ``re`` module (and the ``pcre`` wrapper) now depend on the pcre dll. Additions --------- - The ``{.compile: "file.c".}`` pragma uses a CRC check to see if the file needs to be recompiled. - Added ``system.reopen``. - Added ``system.getCurrentException``. - Added ``system.appType``. - Added ``system.compileOption``. - Added ``times.epochTime`` and ``times.cpuTime``. - Implemented explicit type arguments for generics. - Implemented ``{.size: sizeof(cint).}`` pragma for enum types. This is useful for interfacing with C. - Implemented ``{.pragma.}`` pragma for user defined pragmas. - Implemented ``{.extern.}`` pragma for better control of name mangling. - The ``importc`` and ``exportc`` pragmas support format strings: ``proc p{.exportc: "nim_$1".}`` exports ``p`` as ``nim_p``. This is useful for user defined pragmas. - The standard library can be built as a DLL. Generating DLLs has been improved. - Added ``expat`` module. - Added ``json`` module. - Added support for a *Tiny C* backend. Currently this only works on Linux. You need to bootstrap with ``-d:tinyc`` to enable Tiny C support. Nimrod can then execute code directly via ``nimrod run myfile``. 2010-03-14 Version 0.8.8 released ================================= Bugfixes -------- - The Posix version of ``os.copyFile`` has better error handling. - Fixed bug #502670 (underscores in identifiers). - Fixed a bug in the ``parsexml`` module concerning the parsing of ````. - Fixed a bug in the ``parsexml`` module concerning the parsing of enities like ``<XX``. - ``system.write(f: TFile, s: string)`` now works even if ``s`` contains binary zeros. - Fixed a bug in ``os.setFilePermissions`` for Windows. - An overloadable symbol can now have the same name as an imported module. - Fixed a serious bug in ``strutils.cmpIgnoreCase``. - Fixed ``unicode.toUTF8``. - The compiler now rejects ``'\n'`` (use ``"\n"`` instead). - ``times.getStartMilsecs()`` now works on Mac OS X. - Fixed a bug in ``pegs.match`` concerning start offsets. - Lots of other little bugfixes. Additions --------- - Added ``system.cstringArrayToSeq``. - Added ``system.lines(f: TFile)`` iterator. - Added ``system.delete``, ``system.del`` and ``system.insert`` for sequences. - Added ``system./`` for int. - Exported ``system.newException`` template. - Added ``cgi.decodeData(data: string): tuple[key, value: string]``. - Added ``strutils.insertSep``. - Added ``math.trunc``. - Added ``ropes`` module. - Added ``sockets`` module. - Added ``browsers`` module. - Added ``httpserver`` module. - Added ``httpclient`` module. - Added ``parseutils`` module. - Added ``unidecode`` module. - Added ``xmldom`` module. - Added ``xmldomparser`` module. - Added ``xmltree`` module. - Added ``xmlparser`` module. - Added ``htmlparser`` module. - Added ``re`` module. - Added ``graphics`` module. - Added ``colors`` module. - Many wrappers now do not contain redundant name prefixes (like ``GTK_``, ``lua``). The old wrappers are still available in ``lib/oldwrappers``. You can change your configuration file to use these. - Triple quoted strings allow for ``"`` in more contexts. - ``""`` within raw string literals stands for a single quotation mark. - Arguments to ``openArray`` parameters can be left out. - More extensive subscript operator overloading. (To be documented.) - The documentation generator supports the ``.. raw:: html`` directive. - The Pegs module supports back references via the notation ``$capture_index``. Changes affecting backwards compatibility ----------------------------------------- - Overloading of the subscript operator only works if the type does not provide a built-in one. - The search order for libraries which is affected by the ``path`` option has been reversed, so that the project's path is searched before the standard library's path. - The compiler does not include a Pascal parser for bootstrapping purposes any more. Instead there is a ``pas2nim`` tool that contains the old functionality. - The procs ``os.copyFile`` and ``os.moveFile`` have been deprecated temporarily, so that the compiler warns about their usage. Use them with named arguments only, because the parameter order will change the next version! - ``atomic`` and ``let`` are now keywords. - The ``\w`` character class for pegs now includes the digits ``'0'..'9'``. - Many wrappers now do not contain redundant name prefixes (like ``GTK_``, ``lua``) anymore. - Arguments to ``openArray`` parameters can be left out. 2009-12-21 Version 0.8.6 released ================================= The version jump from 0.8.2 to 0.8.6 acknowledges the fact that all development of the compiler is now done in Nimrod. Bugfixes -------- - The pragmas ``hint[X]:off`` and ``warning[X]:off`` now work. - Method call syntax for iterators works again (``for x in lines.split()``). - Fixed a typo in ``removeDir`` for POSIX that lead to an infinite recursion. - The compiler now checks that module filenames are valid identifiers. - Empty patterns for the ``dynlib`` pragma are now possible. - ``os.parseCmdLine`` returned wrong results for trailing whitespace. - Inconsequent tuple usage (using the same tuple with and without named fields) does not crash the code generator anymore. - A better error message is provided when the loading of a proc within a dynamic lib fails. Additions --------- - Added ``system.contains`` for open arrays. - The PEG module now supports the *search loop operator* ``@``. - Grammar/parser: ``SAD|IND`` is allowed before any kind of closing bracket. This allows for more flexible source code formating. - The compiler now uses a *bind* table for symbol lookup within a ``bind`` context. (See ``_ for details.) - ``discard """my long comment"""`` is now optimized away. - New ``--floatChecks: on|off`` switches and pragmas for better debugging of floating point operations. (See ``_ for details.) - The manual has been improved. (Many thanks to Philippe Lhoste!) Changes affecting backwards compatibility ----------------------------------------- - The compiler does not skip the linking step anymore even if no file has changed. - ``os.splitFile(".xyz")`` now returns ``("", ".xyz", "")`` instead of ``("", "", ".xyz")``. So filenames starting with a dot are handled differently. - ``strutils.split(s: string, seps: set[char])`` never yields the empty string anymore. This behaviour is probably more appropriate for whitespace splitting. - The compiler now stops after the ``--version`` command line switch. - Removed support for enum inheritance in the parser; enum inheritance has never been documented anyway. - The ``msg`` field of ``system.E_base`` has now the type ``string``, instead of ``cstring``. This improves memory safety. 2009-10-21 Version 0.8.2 released ================================= 2009-09-12 Version 0.8.0 released ================================= 2009-06-08 Version 0.7.10 released ================================== 2009-05-08 Version 0.7.8 released ================================= 2009-04-22 Version 0.7.6 released ================================= 2008-11-16 Version 0.7.0 released ================================= 2008-08-22 Version 0.6.0 released ================================= Nimrod version 0.6.0 has been released! **This is the first version of the compiler that is able to compile itself!**