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* 690 - convention: '$' commands for debugging onlyKartik K. Agaram2015-02-011-2/+2
| | | | | | Swap printing generalized objects using arc's infrastructure to be the $-prefixed debug helper, while the erstwhile $print-key-to-host becomes the primitive print-character to host.
* 578 - switch to non-polymorphic 'print' functionsKartik K. Agaram2015-01-171-1/+1
| | | | | Also clean up various prints from last few commits. As a convention, for debugging we always print directly to host.
* 574 - printing string literals is a hack; hard-code it in for nowKartik K. Agaram2015-01-161-2/+2
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* 571 - screen primitives take an explicit terminalKartik K. Agaram2015-01-151-3/+3
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This will let me swap in a fake in tests. Still hacky, though. I'm sure I'm not managing the parameter right in the chessboard app. And then there's the question of whether it should also appear as an output operand. But it's a start. And using nil to mean 'real' is a reasonable convention. If I ever need to handle multiple screens perhaps we'll have to switch to 1:literal/terminal and 2:literal/terminal, etc. But those are equally easy to guard on.
* 569 - ah, the right way to do generic functionsKartik K. Agaram2015-01-141-2/+3
| | | | | | | | | | Each clause creates its own default-space for local variables. Now we can justify prepending bodies on every 'function' form. Later we can optimize away the duplicate default-spaces. Another cost: we can't mindlessly use 'next-input' anymore. Pity.
* 497 - strengthen the concept of 'space'Kartik K. Agaram2015-01-021-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 'default-scope' is now 'default-space' 'closure-generator' is now 'next-space-generator' The connection to high-level syntax for closures is now tenuous, so we'll call the 'outer scope' the 'next space'. So, let's try to create a few sentences with all these related ideas: Names map to addresses offset from a default-space when it's provided. Spaces can be strung together. The zeroth variable points to the next space, the one that is accessed when a variable has /space:1. To map a name to an address in the next space, you need to know what function generated that space. A corollary is that the space passed in to a function should always be generated by a single function. Spaces can be used to construct lexical scopes and objects.
* 428 - cleanup odds and endsKartik K. Agaram2014-12-141-13/+13
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* 403 - 'function' is more clear than 'def'Kartik K. Agaram2014-12-121-4/+4
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* 401 - stop abbreviating opsKartik K. Agaram2014-12-121-5/+5
| | | | | We expect users to come across mu from arbitrary bits of code, so try to make each line as self-contained as possible.
* 344 - about to give up on rewrite rulesKartik K. Agaram2014-11-271-3/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | I wanted to come up with some way to rewrite 'def-clause foo' to 'after foo/more-clauses', something like: rewrite def-clause [ (fn-name string-address) <- arg (label-name string-address) <- strcat (fn-name string-address deref) ("/more-clauses" literal) (body expr) <- arg reply `(after ,label-name ,body) ] But the quasiquote is still a nested expression that doesn't fit our model well. Still an open question how to do template interpolation in mu.
* 332 - example function with multiple clausesKartik K. Agaram2014-11-261-0/+30
I'm still figuring out the idioms, and it doesn't seem like there's an easy way to avoid redundant allocations and arg reading. At least for generic functions we want to optimize for each call-site, we can create subsidiary labels to jump to. Also, this is the first genuine use for random access to a function's arguments.
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# read: analogously to write, support reading from in-memory streams in
# addition to file descriptors.
#
# We can pass it either a file descriptor or an address to a stream. If a
# file descriptor is passed in, we _read from it using the right syscall. If a
# stream is passed in (a fake file descriptor), we read from it instead. This
# lets us initialize input for tests.
#
# A little counter-intuitively, the output of 'read' ends up in.. a stream. So
# tests end up doing a redundant copy. Why? Well, consider the alternatives:
#
#   a) Reading into a string, and returning a pointer to the end of the read
#   region, or a count of bytes written. Now this count or end pointer must be
#   managed separately by the caller, which can be error-prone.
#
#   b) Having 'read' return a buffer that it allocates. But there's no way to
#   know in advance how large to make the buffer. If you read less than the
#   size of the buffer you again end up needing to manage initialized vs
#   uninitialized memory.
#
#   c) Creating more helpful variants like 'read-byte' or 'read-until' which
#   also can take a file descriptor or stream, just like 'write'. But such
#   primitives don't exist in the Linux kernel, so we'd be implementing them
#   somehow, either with more internal buffering or by making multiple
#   syscalls.
#
# Reading into a stream avoids these problems. The buffer is externally
# provided and the caller has control over where it's allocated, its lifetime,
# and so on. The buffer's read and write pointers are internal to it so it's
# easier to keep in a consistent state. And it can now be passed directly to
# helpers like 'read-byte' or 'read-until' that only need to support streams,
# never file descriptors.
#
# Like with 'write', we assume our data segment will never begin at an address
# shorter than 0x08000000, so any smaller arguments are assumed to be real
# file descriptors.
#
# As a reminder, a stream looks like this:
#   write: int  # index at which to write to next
#   read: int  # index at which to read next
#   data: (array byte)  # prefixed by size as usual

== code
#   instruction                     effective address                                                   register    displacement    immediate
# . op          subop               mod             rm32          base        index         scale       r32
# . 1-3 bytes   3 bits              2 bits          3 bits        3 bits      3 bits        2 bits      2 bits      0/1/2/4 bytes   0/1/2/4 bytes

read:  # f: fd or (addr stream byte), s: (addr stream byte) -> num-bytes-read/eax: int
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # if (f < 0x08000000) return _read(f, s)  # f can't be a user-mode address, so treat it as a kernel file descriptor
    81          7/subop/compare     1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         0x08000000/imm32  # compare *(ebp+8)
    73/jump-if-addr>=  $read:fake/disp8
    # . . push args
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
    # . . call
    e8/call  _read/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # return
    eb/jump  $read:end/disp8
$read:fake:
    # otherwise, treat 'f' as a stream to scan from
    # . save registers
    56/push-esi
    57/push-edi
    # esi = f
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to esi
    # edi = s
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           7/r32/edi   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to esi
    # eax = _buffer-4(out = &s->data[s->write], outend = &s->data[s->size],
    #                 in  = &f->data[f->read],  inend  = &f->data[f->write])
    # . . push &f->data[f->write]
    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *esi to eax
    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  0/index/eax   .           0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy esi+eax+12 to eax
    50/push-eax
    # . . push &f->data[f->read]
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+4) to eax
    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  0/index/eax   .           0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy esi+eax+12 to eax
    50/push-eax
    # . . push &s->data[s->size]
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(edi+8) to eax
    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    7/base/edi  0/index/eax   .           0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy edi+eax+12 to eax
    50/push-eax
    # . . push &s->data[s->write]
    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *edi to eax
    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    7/base/edi  0/index/eax   .           0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy edi+eax+12 to eax
    50/push-eax
    # . . call
    e8/call  _buffer-4/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x10/imm32        # add to esp
    # s->write += eax
    01/add                          0/mod/indirect  7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # add eax to *edi
    # f->read += eax
    01/add                          1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # add eax to *(esi+4)
    # . restore registers
    5f/pop-to-edi
    5e/pop-to-esi
$read:end:
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

# - helpers

# '_buffer' is like '_append', but silently stops instead of aborting when it runs out of space

# 3-argument variant of _buffer
_buffer-3:  # out: address, outend: address, s: (array byte) -> num_bytes_buffered/eax
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # . save registers
    51/push-ecx
    # eax = _buffer-4(out, outend, &s->data[0], &s->data[s->size])
    # . . push &s->data[s->size]
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         0/r32/eax   0x10/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+16) to eax
    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
    51/push-ecx
    # . . push &s->data[0]
    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+4 to ecx
    51/push-ecx
    # . . push outend
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
    # . . push out
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
    # . . call
    e8/call  _buffer-4/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x10/imm32        # add to esp
$_buffer-3:end:
    # . restore registers
    59/pop-to-ecx
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

# 4-argument variant of _buffer
_buffer-4:  # out: address, outend: address, in: address, inend: address -> num_bytes_buffered/eax
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # . save registers
    51/push-ecx
    52/push-edx
    53/push-ebx
    56/push-esi
    57/push-edi
    # eax/num_bytes_buffered = 0
    b8/copy-to-eax  0/imm32
    # edi = out
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           7/r32/edi   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to edi
    # edx = outend
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to edx
    # esi = in
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   0x10/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+16) to esi
    # ecx = inend
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   0x14/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+20) to ecx
$_buffer-4:loop:
    # if (in >= inend) break
    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # compare esi with ecx
    73/jump-if-addr>=  $_buffer-4:end/disp8
    # if (out >= outend) break  # for now silently ignore filled up buffer
    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare edi with edx
    73/jump-if-addr>=  $_buffer-4:end/disp8
    # *out = *in
    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           3/r32/BL    .               .                 # copy byte at *esi to BL
    88/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           3/r32/BL    .               .                 # copy byte at BL to *edi
    # ++num_bytes_buffered
    40/increment-eax
    # ++in
    46/increment-esi
    # ++out
    47/increment-edi
    eb/jump  $_buffer-4:loop/disp8
$_buffer-4:end:
    # . restore registers
    5f/pop-to-edi
    5e/pop-to-esi
    5b/pop-to-ebx
    5a/pop-to-edx
    59/pop-to-ecx
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

# idea: a clear-if-empty method on streams that clears only if f->read == f->write
# Unclear how I'd use it, though. Callers seem to need the check anyway.
# Maybe a better helper would be 'empty-stream?'

_read:  # fd: int, s: (addr stream byte) -> num-bytes-read/eax: int
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # . save registers
    51/push-ecx
    52/push-edx
    53/push-ebx
    56/push-esi
    # esi = s
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to esi
    # eax = s->write
    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *esi to eax
    # edx = s->size
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+8) to edx
    # syscall(read, fd, &s->data[s->write], s->size - s->write)
    # . . fd: ebx
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to ebx
    # . . data: ecx = &s->data[s->write]
    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  0/index/eax   .           1/r32/ecx   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy esi+eax+12 to ecx
    # . . size: edx = s->size - s->write
    29/subtract                     3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # subtract eax from edx
    # . . syscall
    e8/call  syscall_read/disp32
    # add the result eax to s->write
    01/add                          0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # add eax to *esi
$_read:end:
    # . restore registers
    5e/pop-to-esi
    5b/pop-to-ebx
    5a/pop-to-edx
    59/pop-to-ecx
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

    # Two options:
    #   1 (what we have above):
    #     ecx = s
    #     eax = s->write
    #     edx = s->size
    #     # syscall
    #     ecx = lea ecx+eax+12
    #     edx = sub edx eax
    #
    #   2:
    #     ecx = s
    #     edx = s->size
    #     ecx = &s->data
    #     # syscall
    #     ecx = add ecx, s->write
    #     edx = sub edx, s->write
    #
    # Not much to choose between the two? Option 2 performs a duplicate load to
    # use one less register, but doesn't increase the amount of spilling (ecx
    # and edx must be used, and eax must be clobbered anyway).

# - tests

test-read-single:
    # - write a single character into _test-stream, then read from it
    # clear-stream(_test-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # clear-stream(_test-tmp-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-tmp-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # write(_test-stream, "Ab")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "Ab"/imm32
    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # eax = read(_test-stream, _test-tmp-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-tmp-stream/imm32
    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  read/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # check-ints-equal(eax, 2, msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-read-single: return value"/imm32
    68/push  2/imm32
    50/push-eax
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # check-stream-equal(_test-tmp-stream, "Ab", msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-read-single"/imm32
    68/push  "Ab"/imm32
    68/push  _test-tmp-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-stream-equal/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # end
    c3/return

test-read-is-stateful:
    # - make two consecutive reads, check that their results are appended
    # clear-stream(_test-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # clear-stream(_test-tmp-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-tmp-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # write(_test-stream, "C")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "C"/imm32
    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # read(_test-stream, _test-tmp-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-tmp-stream/imm32
    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  read/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # write(_test-stream, "D")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "D"/imm32
    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # read(_test-stream, _test-tmp-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-tmp-stream/imm32
    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  read/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # check-stream-equal(_test-tmp-stream, "CD", msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-read-is-stateful"/imm32
    68/push  "CD"/imm32
    68/push  _test-tmp-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-stream-equal/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # end
    c3/return

test-read-returns-0-on-end-of-file:
    # - read after hitting end-of-file, check that result is 0
    # setup
    # . clear-stream(_test-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # . clear-stream(_test-tmp-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-tmp-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # . write(_test-stream, "Ab")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "Ab"/imm32
    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # first read gets to end-of-file
    # . read(_test-stream, _test-tmp-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-tmp-stream/imm32
    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  read/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # second read
    # . read(_test-stream, _test-tmp-stream)
    # . . push args
    68/push  _test-tmp-stream/imm32
    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  read/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # check-ints-equal(eax, 0, msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-read-returns-0-on-end-of-file"/imm32
    68/push  0/imm32
    50/push-eax
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # end
    c3/return

== data

_test-tmp-stream:  # (stream byte)
    # current write index
    0/imm32
    # current read index
    0/imm32
    # size
    8/imm32
    # data
    00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  # 8 bytes

# . . vim:nowrap:textwidth=0