1 ## read a character from stdin, save it to a local on the stack, write it to stdout
 2 #
 3 # To run (from the subx directory):
 4 #   $ subx translate examples/ex5.subx -o examples/ex5
 5 #   $ subx run examples/ex5
 6 
 7 == code
 8 # instruction                     effective address                                                   operand     displacement    immediate
 9 # op          subop               mod             rm32          base        index         scale       r32
10 # 1-3 bytes   3 bits              2 bits          3 bits        3 bits      3 bits        2 bits      2 bits      0/1/2/4 bytes   0/1/2/4 bytes
11 
12 # main:
13   # allocate x on the stack
14   81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # subtract from ESP
15 
16   # read(stdin, x, 1)
17     # fd = 0 (stdin)
18   bb/copy                         .               .             .           .             .           .           .               0/imm32           # copy to EBX
19     # initialize x (location to write result to)
20   8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    4/base/ESP  4/index/none              1/r32/ECX   4/disp8         .                 # copy ESP+4 to ECX
21     # size = 1 character
22   ba/copy                         .               .             .           .             .           .           .               1/imm32           # copy to EDX
23     # read(fd, x, size)
24   b8/copy                         .               .             .           .             .           .           .               3/imm32/read      # copy to EAX
25   cd/syscall  0x80/imm8
26 
27   # write(stdout, x, 1)
28     # fd = 1 (stdout)
29   bb/copy                         .               .             .           .             .           .           .               1/imm32           # copy to EBX
30     # initialize x (location to read from)
31   8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    4/base/ESP  4/index/none              1/r32/ECX   4/disp8         .                 # copy ESP+4 to ECX
32     # size = 1 character
33   ba/copy                         .               .             .           .             .           .           .               1/imm32           # copy to EDX
34     # write(fd, x, size)
35   b8/copy                         .               .             .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32/write     # copy to EAX
36   cd/syscall  0x80/imm8
37 
38   # exit(EBX)
39   b8/copy                         .               .             .           .             .           .           .               1/imm32/exit      # copy to EAX
40   cd/syscall  0x80/imm8
41 
42 # vim:ft=subx:nowrap