;; what happens when our virtual machine starts up (= initialization-fns* (queue)) (def reset () (each f (as cons initialization-fns*) (f))) (mac on-init body `(enq (fn () ,@body) initialization-fns*)) (mac init-fn (name . body) `(enq (fn () (= (function* ',name) (convert-braces ',body))) initialization-fns*)) ; things that a future assembler will need separate memory for: ; code; types; args channel (def clear () (= types* (table)) (= memory* (table)) (= function* (table))) (enq clear initialization-fns*) (on-init (= types* (obj ; Each type must be scalar or array, sum or product or primitive type (obj size 1) ; implicitly scalar and primitive type-address (obj size 1 address t elem 'type) type-array (obj array t elem 'type) type-array-address (obj size 1 address t elem 'type-array) location (obj size 1 address t elem 'location) ; assume it points to an atom integer (obj size 1) boolean (obj size 1) boolean-address (obj size 1 address t) byte (obj size 1) ;? string (obj array t elem 'byte) ; inspired by Go character (obj size 1) ; int32 like a Go rune character-address (obj size 1 address t elem 'character) string (obj size 1) ; temporary hack ; isolating function calls scope (obj array t elem 'location) ; by convention index 0 points to outer scope scope-address (obj size 1 address t elem 'scope) ; arrays consist of an integer length followed by the right number of elems integer-array (obj array t elem 'integer) integer-address (obj size 1 address t elem 'integer) ; pointer to int ; records consist of a series of elems, corresponding to a list of types integer-boolean-pair (obj size 2 record t elems '(integer boolean)) integer-boolean-pair-address (obj size 1 address t elem 'integer-boolean-pair) integer-boolean-pair-array (obj array t elem 'integer-boolean-pair) integer-integer-pair (obj size 2 record t elems '(integer integer)) integer-point-pair (obj size 2 record t elems '(integer integer-integer-pair)) ; tagged-values are the foundation of dynamic types tagged-value (obj size 2 record t elems '(type location)) tagged-value-address (obj size 1 address t elem 'tagged-value) ; heterogeneous lists list (obj size 2 record t elems '(tagged-value list-address)) list-address (obj size 1 address t elem 'list) list-address-address (obj size 1 address t elem 'list-address) ; editor line (obj array t elem 'character) line-address (obj size 1 address t elem 'line) line-address-address (obj size 1 address t elem 'line-address) screen (obj array t elem 'line-address) screen-address (obj size 1 address t elem 'screen) ))) ;; persisting and checking traces for each test (= traces* (queue)) (= trace-dir* ".traces/") (ensure-dir trace-dir*) (= curr-trace-file* nil) (on-init (awhen curr-trace-file* ;? (prn "reset: " it) (tofile (+ trace-dir* it) (each (label trace) (as cons traces*) (pr label ": " trace)))) (= curr-trace-file* nil) (= traces* (queue))) (def new-trace (filename) ;? (prn "new-trace " filename) (= curr-trace-file* filename)) (= dump-trace* nil) (def trace (label . args) ;? (prn "trace: " dump-trace*) (if dump-trace* (apply prn label ": " args)) (enq (list label (apply tostring:prn args)) traces*)) (def check-trace-contents (msg expected-contents) (unless (trace-contents-match expected-contents) (prn "F - " msg) (prn " trace contents") (print-trace-contents-mismatch expected-contents))) (def trace-contents-match (expected-contents) (each (label msg) (as cons traces*) (when (and expected-contents (is label expected-contents.0.0) (posmatch expected-contents.0.1 msg)) (pop expected-contents))) (no expected-contents)) (def print-trace-contents-mismatch (expected-contents) (each (label msg) (as cons traces*) (whenlet (expected-label expected-msg) expected-contents.0 (if (and (is label expected-label) (posmatch expected-msg msg)) (do (pr " * ") (pop expected-contents)) (pr " ")) (pr label ": " msg))) (prn " couldn't find") (each (expected-label expected-msg) expected-contents (prn " ! " expected-label ": " expected-msg))) (def add-fns (fns) (each (name . body) fns (= function*.name (convert-braces body)))) ;; running mu (mac v (operand) ; for value `(,operand 0)) (def metadata (operand) cdr.operand) (def ty (operand) operand.1) ; assume type is always first bit of metadata, and it's always present (def typeinfo (operand) (types* ty.operand)) (def sz (operand) (trace "sz" operand) (if (is 'literal ty.operand) 'literal (pos 'deref metadata.operand) (do (assert typeinfo.operand!address) (sz (list (m `(,(v operand) location)) typeinfo.operand!elem))) (let-or it typeinfo.operand (err "no such type: @operand") (if it!array array-len.operand it!size)))) (defextend sz (typename) (isa typename 'sym) (or types*.typename!size (err "type @typename doesn't have a size: " (tostring:pr types*.typename)))) (def addr (loc) (ret result v.loc (unless (pos 'global metadata.loc) (whenlet base rep.routine*!default-scope (if (< result memory*.base) (++ result base) (die "addr: no room for var @result")))) (when (pos 'deref metadata.loc) (zap memory* result)))) (def addrs (n sz) (accum yield (repeat sz (yield n) (++ n)))) (def m (loc) ; read memory, respecting metadata (point return (if (in ty.loc 'literal 'offset) (return v.loc)) (assert (isa v.loc 'int)) (trace "m" loc " " sz.loc) (if (is 1 sz.loc) (memory* addr.loc) :else (annotate 'record (map memory* (addrs addr.loc sz.loc)))))) (def setm (loc val) ; set memory, respecting metadata (point return (when (is v.loc 'default-scope) (assert (is 1 sz.loc)) (= rep.routine*!default-scope val) (return)) (assert (isa v.loc 'int)) (trace "setm" loc " <= " val) (let n sz.loc (trace "setm" "size of " loc " is " n) (assert n) (if (is 1 n) (do (assert (~isa val 'record)) (= (memory* addr.loc) val)) (do (assert (isa val 'record)) (each (dest src) (zip (addrs addr.loc n) (rep val)) (= (memory* dest) src))))))) (def array-len (operand) ;? (prn operand) ;? (prn (memory* 1000)) (if typeinfo.operand!array (m `(,v.operand integer)) (and typeinfo.operand!address (pos 'deref metadata.operand)) (array-len (m operand) typeinfo.operand!elem) :else (err "can't take len of non-array @operand"))) (def array-ref-addr (operand idx) (assert typeinfo.operand!array) (unless (< -1 idx (array-len operand)) (die "aref-addr: out of bounds index @idx for @operand of size @array-len.operand")) (withs (elem typeinfo.operand!elem offset (+ 1 (* idx sz.elem))) (+ v.operand offset))) (def array-ref (operand idx) (assert typeinfo.operand!array) (unless (< -1 idx (array-len operand)) (die "aref: out of bounds index @idx for @operand of size @array-len.operand")) (withs (elem typeinfo.operand!elem offset (+ 1 (* idx sz.elem))) (m `(,(+ v.operand offset) ,elem)))) ; data structure: routine ; runtime state for a serial thread of execution (def make-routine (fn-name) (annotate 'routine (obj call-stack (list (obj fn-name fn-name pc 0 caller-arg-idx 0))))) (defextend empty (x) (isa x 'routine) (no rep.x!call-stack)) (def stack (routine) ((rep routine) 'call-stack)) (mac push-stack (routine op) `(push (obj fn-name ,op pc 0 caller-arg-idx 0) ((rep ,routine) 'call-stack))) (mac pop-stack (routine) `(pop ((rep ,routine) 'call-stack))) (def top (routine) stack.routine.0) (def body (routine (o idx 0)) (function* stack.routine.idx!fn-name)) (mac pc (routine (o idx 0)) ; assignable `((((rep ,routine) 'call-stack) ,idx) 'pc)) (mac caller-arg-idx (routine (o idx 0)) ; assignable `((((rep ,routine) 'call-stack) ,idx) 'caller-arg-idx)) (= scheduling-interval* 500) (def parse-instr (instr) (iflet delim (pos '<- instr) (list (cut instr 0 delim) ; oargs (instr (+ delim 1)) ; op (cut instr (+ delim 2))) ; args (list nil instr.0 cdr.instr))) (def caller-args (routine) ; not assignable (let (_ _ args) (parse-instr ((body routine 1) (pc routine 1))) args)) (def caller-oargs (routine) ; not assignable (let (oargs _ _) (parse-instr ((body routine 1) (pc routine 1))) oargs)) (on-init (= running-routines* (queue)) (= completed-routines* (queue)) (= routine* nil) (= abort-routine* (parameter nil))) ; like arc's 'point' but you can also call ((abort-routine*)) in nested calls (mac routine-mark body (w/uniq (g p) `(ccc (fn (,g) (parameterize abort-routine* (fn ((o ,p)) (,g ,p)) ,@body))))) (def run fn-names (ret result 0 (each it fn-names (enq make-routine.it running-routines*)) ; simple round-robin scheduler (while (~empty running-routines*) (= routine* deq.running-routines*) (trace "schedule" top.routine*!fn-name) (whenlet insts-run (routine-mark:run-for-time-slice scheduling-interval*) (= result (+ result insts-run))) (if (~empty routine*) (enq routine* running-routines*) (enq-limit routine* completed-routines*))))) (def die (msg) (= rep.routine*!error msg) (= rep.routine*!stack-trace rep.routine*!call-stack) (wipe rep.routine*!call-stack) ((abort-routine*))) ($:require "charterm/main.rkt") (def run-for-time-slice (time-slice) ;? (prn "AAA") (point return ;? (prn "BBB") (for ninstrs 0 (< ninstrs time-slice) (++ ninstrs) ;? (prn "CCC " pc.routine* " " routine* " " (len body.routine*)) (if (empty body.routine*) (err "@stack.routine*.0!fn-name not defined")) (while (>= pc.routine* (len body.routine*)) (pop-stack routine*) (if empty.routine* (return ninstrs)) (++ pc.routine*)) (trace "run" "-- " (sort (compare < string:car) (as cons memory*))) (trace "run" top.routine*!fn-name " " pc.routine* ": " (body.routine* pc.routine*)) ;? (prn "--- " top.routine*!fn-name " " pc.routine* ": " (body.routine* pc.routine*)) (let (oarg op arg) (parse-instr (body.routine* pc.routine*)) ;? (prn op " " arg " -> " oarg) (let tmp (case op ; arithmetic add (do (trace "add" (m arg.0) " " (m arg.1)) (+ (m arg.0) (m arg.1)) ) sub (- (m arg.0) (m arg.1)) mul (* (m arg.0) (m arg.1)) div (/ (real (m arg.0)) (m arg.1)) idiv (list (trunc:/ (m arg.0) (m arg.1)) (mod (m arg.0) (m arg.1))) ; boolean and (and (m arg.0) (m arg.1)) or (or (m arg.0) (m arg.1)) not (not (m arg.0)) ; comparison eq (is (m arg.0) (m arg.1)) neq (do (trace "neq" (m arg.0) " " (m arg.1)) (~is (m arg.0) (m arg.1)) ) lt (< (m arg.0) (m arg.1)) gt (> (m arg.0) (m arg.1)) le (<= (m arg.0) (m arg.1)) ge (>= (m arg.0) (m arg.1)) ; control flow jump (do (= pc.routine* (+ 1 pc.routine* (v arg.0))) ;? (trace "jump" "jumping to " pc.routine*) (continue)) jump-if (when (is t (m arg.0)) (= pc.routine* (+ 1 pc.routine* (v arg.1))) ;? (trace "jump-if" "jumping to " pc.routine*) (continue)) jump-unless ; convenient helper (unless (is t (m arg.0)) (= pc.routine* (+ 1 pc.routine* (v arg.1))) ;? (trace "jump-unless" "jumping to " pc.routine*) (continue)) ; data management: scalars, arrays, records copy (m arg.0) get (with (base arg.0 ; integer (non-symbol) memory location including metadata idx (v arg.1)) ; literal integer ;? (prn base ": " (memory* v.base)) (assert (in (ty arg.1) 'literal 'offset)) (when typeinfo.base!address (assert (pos 'deref metadata.base)) (= base (list (memory* v.base) typeinfo.base!elem))) ;? (prn "after: " base) (if typeinfo.base!record (do (assert (< -1 idx (len typeinfo.base!elems))) (m `(,(+ v.base (apply + (map sz (firstn idx typeinfo.base!elems)))) ,typeinfo.base!elems.idx))) (assert nil "get on invalid type @base"))) get-address (with (base arg.0 idx (v arg.1)) (trace "get-address" base "." idx) (when typeinfo.base!address (assert (pos 'deref metadata.base)) (= base (list (memory* v.base) typeinfo.base!elem))) (trace "get-address" "after: " base) (if typeinfo.base!record (do (assert (< -1 idx (len typeinfo.base!elems))) (+ v.base (apply + (map sz (firstn idx typeinfo.base!elems))))) (assert nil "get-address on invalid type @base"))) index (with (base arg.0 ; integer (non-symbol) memory location including metadata idx (m arg.1)) ;? (prn "processing index: @base @idx") (when typeinfo.base!address (assert (pos 'deref metadata.base)) (= base (list (memory* v.base) typeinfo.base!elem))) ;? (prn "after maybe deref: @base @idx") ;? (prn Memory-in-use-until ": " memory*) (if typeinfo.base!array (array-ref base idx) (assert nil "get on invalid type @arg.0 => @base"))) index-address (with (base arg.0 idx (m arg.1)) (when typeinfo.base!address (assert (pos 'deref metadata.base)) (= base (list (memory* v.base) typeinfo.base!elem))) (if typeinfo.base!array (array-ref-addr base idx) (assert nil "get-address on invalid type @arg.0 => @base"))) new (let type (v arg.0) (assert (is 'literal (ty arg.0))) (if (no types*.type) (err "no such type @type")) (if types*.type!array (new-array type (m arg.1)) (new-scalar type))) sizeof (sizeof (m arg.0)) len (let base arg.0 (if typeinfo.base!array array-len.base -1)) ; tagged-values require one primitive save-type (annotate 'record `(,(ty arg.0) ,(m arg.0))) ; multiprocessing run (run (v arg.0)) fork (enq (make-routine (v arg.0)) running-routines*) ; todo: errors should stall a process and let its parent ; inspect it assert (assert (m arg.0)) ; text interaction cls (do1 nil ($.charterm-clear-screen)) cll (do1 nil ($.charterm-clear-line)) cursor (do1 nil ($.charterm-cursor (m arg.0) (m arg.1))) print-primitive (do1 nil ((if ($.current-charterm) $.charterm-display pr) (m arg.0))) getc (and ($.charterm-byte-ready?) ($.charterm-read-key)) bold-mode (do1 nil ($.charterm-bold)) non-bold-mode (do1 nil ($.charterm-normal)) console-on (do1 nil (if (no ($.current-charterm)) ($.open-charterm))) console-off (do1 nil (if ($.current-charterm) ($.close-charterm))) ; user-defined functions arg (let idx (if arg arg.0 (do1 caller-arg-idx.routine* (++ caller-arg-idx.routine*))) (trace "arg" arg " " idx " " caller-args.routine*) (if (len> caller-args.routine* idx) (list (m caller-args.routine*.idx) t) (list nil nil))) reply (do (pop-stack routine*) (if empty.routine* (return ninstrs)) (let (caller-oargs _ _) (parse-instr (body.routine* pc.routine*)) (trace "reply" arg " " caller-oargs) (each (dest src) (zip caller-oargs arg) (trace "reply" src " => " dest) (setm dest (m src)))) (++ pc.routine*) (while (>= pc.routine* (len body.routine*)) (pop-stack routine*) (when empty.routine* (return ninstrs)) (++ pc.routine*)) (continue)) ; else try to call as a user-defined function (do (if function*.op (push-stack routine* op) (err "no such op @op")) (continue)) ) ; opcode generated some value, stored in 'tmp' ; copy to output args ;? (prn "store: " tmp " " oarg) (if (acons tmp) (for i 0 (< i (min len.tmp len.oarg)) ++.i (setm oarg.i tmp.i)) (when oarg ; must be a list (trace "run" "writing to oarg " tmp " => " oarg.0) (setm oarg.0 tmp))) ) (++ pc.routine*))) (return time-slice))) (enq (fn () (= Memory-in-use-until 1000)) initialization-fns*) (def new-scalar (type) (ret result Memory-in-use-until (++ Memory-in-use-until sizeof.type))) (def new-array (type size) ;? (prn "new array: @type @size") (ret result Memory-in-use-until (++ Memory-in-use-until (+ 1 (* (sizeof types*.type!elem) size))) (= (memory* result) size))) (def sizeof (type) (trace "sizeof" type) (if (~or types*.type!record types*.type!array) types*.type!size types*.type!record (sum idfn (accum yield (each elem types*.type!elems (yield sizeof.elem)))) :else (err "no such type @type"))) ;; desugar structured assembly based on blocks (def convert-braces (instrs) (let locs () ; list of information on each brace: (open/close pc) (let pc 0 (loop (instrs instrs) (each instr instrs (if (~is 'begin instr.0) (do (trace "cvt0" pc " " instr " -- " locs) (++ pc)) ; hack: racket replaces curlies with parens, so we need the ; keyword begin to delimit blocks. ; ultimately there'll be no nesting and curlies will just be in a ; line by themselves. (do ;? (prn `(open ,pc)) (push `(open ,pc) locs) (recur cdr.instr) ;? (prn `(close ,pc)) (push `(close ,pc) locs)))))) (zap rev locs) ;? (prn locs) (with (pc 0 stack ()) ; elems are pcs (accum yield (loop (instrs instrs) (each instr instrs (point continue (let delim (or (pos '<- instr) -1) (with (oarg (if (>= delim 0) (cut instr 0 delim)) op (instr (+ delim 1)) arg (cut instr (+ delim 2))) (trace "cvt1" pc " " op " " oarg) (case op begin (do (push pc stack) (assert:is oarg nil) (recur arg) (pop stack) (continue)) break (do (assert:is oarg nil) (assert:is arg nil) (yield `(jump (,(close-offset pc locs) offset)))) break-if (do ;? (prn "break-if: " instr) (assert:is oarg nil) (yield `(jump-if ,arg.0 (,(close-offset pc locs) offset)))) break-unless (do ;? (prn "break-if: " instr) (assert:is oarg nil) (yield `(jump-unless ,arg.0 (,(close-offset pc locs) offset)))) continue (do (assert:is oarg nil) (assert:is arg nil) (yield `(jump (,(- stack.0 1 pc) offset)))) continue-if (do (trace "cvt0" "continue-if: " instr " => " (- stack.0 1)) (assert:is oarg nil) (yield `(jump-if ,arg.0 (,(- stack.0 1 pc) offset)))) continue-unless (do (trace "cvt0" "continue-if: " instr " => " (- stack.0 1)) (assert:is oarg nil) (yield `(jump-unless ,arg.0 (,(- stack.0 1 pc) offset)))) ;else (yield instr)))) (++ pc)))))))) (def close-offset (pc locs) (let close 0 (with (stacksize 0 done nil) (each (state loc) locs ;? (prn " :" close " " state " - " loc) (if (< loc pc) nil ; do nothing (no done) (do ; first time (when (and (is 0 stacksize) (~is loc pc)) (++ stacksize)) (if (is 'open state) (++ stacksize) (-- stacksize)) ; last time (when (is 0 stacksize) (= close loc) (set done)))))) (- close pc 1))) ;; convert symbolic names to integer offsets (def convert-names (instrs) (let offset (table) (let idx 1 (each instr instrs (let (oargs op args) (parse-instr instr) (each arg args (when (maybe-add arg offset idx) (err "use before set: @arg") (++ idx))) (each arg oargs (when (maybe-add arg offset idx) (++ idx)))))) (each instr instrs (let (oargs op args) (parse-instr instr) (each arg args (when (offset v.arg) (zap offset v.arg))) (each arg oargs (when (offset v.arg) (zap offset v.arg))))) instrs)) (def maybe-add (arg offset idx) (unless (or (in ty.arg 'literal 'offset) (offset v.arg) (~isa v.arg 'sym) (in v.arg 'nil 'default-scope) (pos 'global metadata.arg)) (= (offset v.arg) idx))) ;; literate tangling system for reordering code (def convert-quotes (instrs) (let deferred (queue) (each instr instrs (case instr.0 defer (let (q qinstrs) instr.1 (assert (is 'make-br-fn q)) (each qinstr qinstrs (enq qinstr deferred))))) (accum yield (each instr instrs (unless (in instr.0 'defer) ; keep sync'd with case clauses above (yield instr))) (each instr (as cons deferred) (yield instr))))) ;; system software (init-fn maybe-coerce ((101 tagged-value-address) <- new (tagged-value literal)) ((101 tagged-value-address deref) <- arg) ((102 type) <- arg) ((103 type) <- get (101 tagged-value-address deref) (0 offset)) ((104 boolean) <- eq (103 type) (102 type)) { begin (break-if (104 boolean)) (reply (0 literal) (nil literal)) } ((105 location) <- get (101 tagged-value-address deref) (1 offset)) (reply (105 location) (104 boolean))) (init-fn new-tagged-value ((201 type) <- arg) ((202 integer) <- sizeof (201 type)) ((203 boolean) <- eq (202 integer) (1 literal)) (assert (203 boolean)) ; todo: check that arg 0 matches the type? or is that for the future typechecker? ((204 tagged-value-address) <- new (tagged-value literal)) ((205 location) <- get-address (204 tagged-value-address deref) (0 offset)) ((205 location deref) <- copy (201 type)) ((206 location) <- get-address (204 tagged-value-address deref) (1 offset)) ((206 location deref) <- arg) (reply (204 tagged-value-address))) (init-fn list-next ; list-address -> list-address ((301 list-address) <- arg) ((302 list-address) <- get (301 list-address deref) (1 offset)) (reply (302 list-address))) (init-fn list-value-address ; list-address -> tagged-value-address ((401 list-address) <- arg) ((402 tagged-value-address) <- get-address (401 list-address deref) (0 offset)) (reply (402 tagged-value-address))) (init-fn new-list ((501 list-address) <- new (list literal)) ((502 list-address) <- copy (501 list-address)) { begin ((503 integer) (504 boolean) <- arg) (break-unless (504 boolean)) ((505 list-address-address) <- get-address (502 list-address deref) (1 offset)) ((505 list-address-address deref) <- new (list literal)) ((502 list-address) <- list-next (502 list-address)) ((506 tagged-value-address) <- list-value-address (502 list-address)) ((506 tagged-value-address deref) <- save-type (503 integer)) (continue) } ((501 list-address) <- list-next (501 list-address)) ; memory leak (reply (501 list-address))) ; drop all traces while processing above functions (on-init (= traces* (queue))) (def prn2 (msg . args) (pr msg) (apply prn args)) ;; after loading all files, start at 'main' (reset) (awhen cdr.argv (map add-fns:readfile it) (run 'main) (if ($.current-charterm) ($.close-charterm)) (prn memory*))