https://github.com/akkartik/mu/blob/main/linux/apps/crenshaw2-1.subx
  1 # Port of https://github.com/akkartik/crenshaw/blob/master/tutor2.1.pas
  2 # which corresponds to the section "single digits" in https://compilers.iecc.com/crenshaw/tutor2.txt
  3 # except that we support hex digits.
  4 #
  5 # To run:
  6 #   $ bootstrap/bootstrap translate [01]*.subx apps/crenshaw2-1.subx -o crenshaw2-1
  7 #   $ echo '3'  |bootstrap/bootstrap run crenshaw2-1
  8 # Expected output:
  9 #   # syscall(exit, 3)
 10 #   bb/copy-to-ebx  3/imm32
 11 #   b8/copy-to-eax  1/imm32/exit
 12 #   cd/syscall  0x80/imm8
 13 #
 14 # To run the generated output:
 15 #   $ echo '3'  |bootstrap/bootstrap run crenshaw2-1 > z1.subx
 16 #   $ bootstrap/bootstrap translate z1.subx -o z1
 17 #   $ bootstrap/bootstrap run z1
 18 #   $ echo $?
 19 #   3
 20 #
 21 # Stdin must contain just a single hex digit. Other input will print an error:
 22 #   $ echo 'xyz'  |bootstrap/bootstrap run crenshaw2-1
 23 #   Error: integer expected
 24 #
 25 # Names in this file sometimes follow Crenshaw's original rather than my usual
 26 # naming conventions.
 27 
 28 == code
 29 #   instruction                     effective address                                                   register    displacement    immediate
 30 # . op          subop               mod             rm32          base        index         scale       r32
 31 # . 1-3 bytes   3 bits              2 bits          3 bits        3 bits      3 bits        2 bits      2 bits      0/1/2/4 bytes   0/1/2/4 bytes
 32 
 33 Entry:  # run tests if necessary, call 'compile' if not
 34     # . prologue
 35     89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
 36 
 37     # initialize heap
 38     # . Heap = new-segment(Heap-size)
 39     # . . push args
 40     68/push  Heap/imm32
 41     ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Heap-size/disp32                  # push *Heap-size
 42     # . . call
 43     e8/call  new-segment/disp32
 44     # . . discard args
 45     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
 46 
 47     # - if argc > 1 and argv[1] == "test", then return run_tests()
 48     # if (argc <= 1) goto run-main
 49     81          7/subop/compare     1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0/disp8         1/imm32           # compare *ebp
 50     7e/jump-if-<=  $run-main/disp8
 51     # if (!kernel-string-equal?(argv[1], "test")) goto run-main
 52     # . eax = kernel-string-equal?(argv[1], "test")
 53     # . . push args
 54     68/push  "test"/imm32
 55     ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
 56     # . . call
 57     e8/call  kernel-string-equal?/disp32
 58     # . . discard args
 59     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
 60     # . if (eax == false) goto run-main
 61     3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
 62     74/jump-if-=  $run-main/disp8
 63     # run-tests()
 64     e8/call  run-tests/disp32
 65     # syscall(exit, *Num-test-failures)
 66     8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           3/r32/ebx   Num-test-failures/disp32          # copy *Num-test-failures to ebx
 67     eb/jump  $main:end/disp8
 68 $run-main:
 69     # - otherwise read a program from stdin and emit its translation to stdout
 70     # . compile(Stdin, 1/stdout, 2/stderr, ed)
 71     # . . push args
 72     68/push  0/imm32/exit-descriptor
 73     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
 74     68/push  1/imm32/stdout
 75     68/push  Stdin/imm32
 76     # . . call
 77     e8/call  compile/disp32
 78     # . . discard args
 79     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x10/imm32        # add to esp
 80     # syscall(exit, 0)
 81     bb/copy-to-ebx  0/imm32
 82 $main:end:
 83     e8/call  syscall_exit/disp32
 84 
 85 # the main entry point
 86 compile:  # in: (addr buffered-file), out: fd or (addr stream byte), err: fd or (addr stream byte), ed: (addr exit-descriptor)
 87     # . prologue
 88     55/push-ebp
 89     89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
 90     # . save registers
 91     50/push-eax
 92     51/push-ecx
 93     # prime the pump
 94     # . Look = get-char(in)
 95     # . . push args
 96     ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .          pre { line-height: 125%; }
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<a href='https://github.com/akkartik/mu/blob/main/linux/103kernel-string-equal.subx'>https://github.com/akkartik/mu/blob/main/linux/103kernel-string-equal.subx</a>
<pre id='vimCodeElement'>
<span id="L1" class="LineNr">  1 </span><span class="subxComment"># Checking null-terminated strings.</span>
<span id="L2" class="LineNr">  2 </span><span class="subxComment">#</span>
<span id="L3" class="LineNr">  3 </span><span class="subxComment"># By default we create strings as arrays of bytes, and all arrays have a 4-byte</span>
<span id="L4" class="LineNr">  4 </span><span class="subxComment"># size prefix.</span>
<span id="L5" class="LineNr">  5 </span><span class="subxComment">#</span>
<span id="L6" class="LineNr">  6 </span><span class="subxComment"># However, we sometimes need to deal with null-terminated strings when</span>
<span id="L7" class="LineNr">  7 </span><span class="subxComment"># interacting with the Linux kernel. This layer implements a function for</span>
<span id="L8" class="LineNr">  8 </span><span class="subxComment"># comparing a null-terminated 'kernel string' with a size-prefixed 'SubX</span>
<span id="L9" class="LineNr">  9 </span><span class="subxComment"># string'.</span>
<span id="L10" class="LineNr"> 10 </span><span class="subxComment">#</span>
<span id="L11" class="LineNr"> 11 </span><span class="subxComment"># To run (from the subx directory):</span>
<span id="L12" class="LineNr"> 12 </span><span class="subxComment">#   $ bootstrap/bootstrap translate 10[0-3]*.subx -o a.elf</span>
<span id="L13" class="LineNr"> 13 </span><span class="subxComment">#   $ bootstrap/bootstrap run a.elf  # runs a series of tests</span>
<span id="L14" class="LineNr"> 14 </span><span class="subxComment">#   ......  # all tests pass</span>
<span id="L15" class="LineNr"> 15 </span><span class="subxComment">#</span>
<span id="L16" class="LineNr"> 16 </span><span class="subxComment"># (We can't yet run the tests when given a &quot;test&quot; commandline argument,</span>
<span id="L17" class="LineNr"> 17 </span><span class="subxComment"># because checking for it would require the function being tested! Breakage</span>
<span id="L18" class="LineNr"> 18 </span><span class="subxComment"># would cause tests to not run, rather than to fail as we'd like.)</span>
<span id="L19" class="LineNr"> 19 </span>
<span id="L20" class="LineNr"> 20 </span>== code
<span id="L21" class="LineNr"> 21 </span><span class="subxComment">#   instruction                     effective address                                                   register    displacement    immediate</span>
<span id="L22" class="LineNr"> 22 </span><span class="subxS1Comment"># . op          subop               mod             rm32          base        index         scale       r32</span>
<span id="L23" class="LineNr"> 23 </span><span class="subxS1Comment"># . 1-3 bytes   3 bits              2 bits          3 bits        3 bits      3 bits        2 bits      2 bits      0/1/2/4 bytes   0/1/2/4 bytes</span>
<span id="L24" class="LineNr"> 24 </span>
<span id="L25" class="LineNr"> 25 </span><span class="SpecialChar">Entry</span>:  <span class="subxComment"># run all tests</span>
<span id="L26" class="LineNr"> 26 </span>    e8/call  run-tests/disp32  <span class="subxComment"># 'run-tests' is a function created automatically by SubX. It calls all functions that start with 'test-'.</span>
<span id="L27" class="LineNr"> 27 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># syscall(exit, Num-test-failures)</span>
<span id="L28" class="LineNr"> 28 </span>    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32           <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          3/r32/ebx   <span class="SpecialChar"><a href='102test.subx.html#L89'>Num-test-failures</a></span>/disp32          <span class="subxComment"># copy *Num-test-failures to ebx</span>
<span id="L29" class="LineNr"> 29 </span>    e8/call  <a href='000init.subx.html#L18'>syscall_exit</a>/disp32
<span id="L30" class="LineNr"> 30 </span>
<span id="L31" class="LineNr"> 31 </span><span class="subxFunction">kernel-string-equal?</span>:  <span class="subxComment"># s: (addr kernel-string), benchmark: (addr array byte) -&gt; result/eax: boolean</span>
<span id="L32" class="LineNr"> 32 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># pseudocode:</span>
<span id="L33" class="LineNr"> 33 </span>    <span class="subxComment">#   n = benchmark-&gt;size</span>
<span id="L34" class="LineNr"> 34 </span>    <span class="subxComment">#   s1 = s</span>
<span id="L35" class="LineNr"> 35 </span>    <span class="subxComment">#   s2 = benchmark-&gt;data</span>
<span id="L36" class="LineNr"> 36 </span>    <span class="subxComment">#   i = 0</span>
<span id="L37" class="LineNr"> 37 </span>    <span class="subxComment">#   while (i &lt; n)</span>
<span id="L38" class="LineNr"> 38 </span>    <span class="subxComment">#     c1 = *s1</span>
<span id="L39" class="LineNr"> 39 </span>    <span class="subxComment">#     c2 = *s2</span>
<span id="L40" class="LineNr"> 40 </span>    <span class="subxComment">#     if (c1 == 0) return false</span>
<span id="L41" class="LineNr"> 41 </span>    <span class="subxComment">#     if (c1 != c2) return false</span>
<span id="L42" class="LineNr"> 42 </span>    <span class="subxComment">#     ++s1, ++s2, ++i</span>
<span id="L43" class="LineNr"> 43 </span>    <span class="subxComment">#   return *s1 == 0</span>
<span id="L44" class="LineNr"> 44 </span>    <span class="subxComment">#</span>
<span id="L45" class="LineNr"> 45 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># registers:</span>
<span id="L46" class="LineNr"> 46 </span>    <span class="subxComment">#   i: ecx</span>
<span id="L47" class="LineNr"> 47 </span>    <span class="subxComment">#   n: edx</span>
<span id="L48" class="LineNr"> 48 </span>    <span class="subxComment">#   s1: edi</span>
<span id="L49" class="LineNr"> 49 </span>    <span class="subxComment">#   s2: esi</span>
<span id="L50" class="LineNr"> 50 </span>    <span class="subxComment">#   c1: eax</span>
<span id="L51" class="LineNr"> 51 </span>    <span class="subxComment">#   c2: ebx</span>
<span id="L52" class="LineNr"> 52 </span>    <span class="subxComment">#</span>
<span id="L53" class="LineNr"> 53 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . prologue</span>
<span id="L54" class="LineNr"> 54 </span>    55/push-ebp
<span id="L55" class="LineNr"> 55 </span>    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          4/r32/esp  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy esp to ebp</span>
<span id="L56" class="LineNr"> 56 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . save registers</span>
<span id="L57" class="LineNr"> 57 </span>    51/push-ecx
<span id="L58" class="LineNr"> 58 </span>    52/push-edx
<span id="L59" class="LineNr"> 59 </span>    53/push-ebx
<span id="L60" class="LineNr"> 60 </span>    56/push-esi
<span id="L61" class="LineNr"> 61 </span>    57/push-edi
<span id="L62" class="LineNr"> 62 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># var s1/edi: (addr byte) = s</span>
<span id="L63" class="LineNr"> 63 </span>    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          7/r32/edi   8/disp8        <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy *(ebp+8) to edi</span>
<span id="L64" class="LineNr"> 64 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># var n/edx: int = benchmark-&gt;size</span>
<span id="L65" class="LineNr"> 65 </span>    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          2/r32/edx   0xc/disp8      <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy *(ebp+12) to edx</span>
<span id="L66" class="LineNr"> 66 </span>    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  2/rm32/edx   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          2/r32/edx  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy *edx to edx</span>
<span id="L67" class="LineNr"> 67 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># var s2/esi: (addr byte) = benchmark-&gt;data</span>
<span id="L68" class="LineNr"> 68 </span>    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          6/r32/esi   0xc/disp8      <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy *(ebp+12) to esi</span>
<span id="L69" class="LineNr"> 69 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    6/rm32/esi   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              4/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to esi</span>
<span id="L70" class="LineNr"> 70 </span>    <span class