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<a href='https://github.com/akkartik/mu/blob/main/linux/119error-byte.subx'>https://github.com/akkartik/mu/blob/main/linux/119error-byte.subx</a>
<pre id='vimCodeElement'>
<span id="L1" class="LineNr"> 1 </span><span class="subxComment"># Print an error message followed by the text representation of a byte. Then exit.</span>
<span id="L2" class="LineNr"> 2 </span>
<span id="L3" class="LineNr"> 3 </span>== code
<span id="L4" class="LineNr"> 4 </span><span class="subxComment">#   instruction                     effective address                                                   register    displacement    immediate</span>
<span id="L5" class="LineNr"> 5 </span><span class="subxS1Comment"># . op          subop               mod             rm32          base        index         scale       r32</span>
<span id="L6" class="LineNr"> 6 </span><span class="subxS1Comment"># . 1-3 bytes   3 bits              2 bits          3 bits        3 bits      3 bits        2 bits      2 bits      0/1/2/4 bytes   0/1/2/4 bytes</span>
<span id="L7" class="LineNr"> 7 </span>
<span id="L8" class="LineNr"> 8 </span><span class="CommentedCode">#? Entry:  # manual test</span>
<span id="L9" class="LineNr"> 9 </span><span class="CommentedCode">#?     # . var ed/eax: exit-descriptor</span>
<span id="L10" class="LineNr">10 </span><span class="CommentedCode">#?     81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # subtract from esp</span>
<span id="L11" class="LineNr">11 </span><span class="CommentedCode">#?     89/copy                         3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to eax</span>
<span id="L12" class="LineNr">12 </span><span class="CommentedCode">#?     # . configure ed to really exit()</span>
<span id="L13" class="LineNr">13 </span><span class="CommentedCode">#?     # . . ed-&gt;target = 0</span>
<span id="L14" class="LineNr">14 </span><span class="CommentedCode">#?     c7          0/subop/copy        0/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               0/imm32           # copy to *eax</span>
<span id="L15" class="LineNr">15 </span><span class="CommentedCode">#?     # . error-byte(ed, Stdout, msg, 34)</span>
<span id="L16" class="LineNr">16 </span><span class="CommentedCode">#?     68/push  0x34/imm32</span>
<span id="L17" class="LineNr">17 </span><span class="CommentedCode">#?     68/push  &quot;abc&quot;/imm32</span>
<span id="L18" class="LineNr">18 </span><span class="CommentedCode">#?     68/push  Stderr/imm32</span>
<span id="L19" class="LineNr">19 </span><span class="CommentedCode">#?     50/push-eax</span>
<span id="L20" class="LineNr">20 </span><span class="CommentedCode">#?     e8/call  error-byte/disp32</span>
<span id="L21" class="LineNr">21 </span><span class="CommentedCode">#?     # . syscall(exit, Num-test-failures)</span>
<span id="L22" class="LineNr">22 </span><span class="CommentedCode">#?     8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           3/r32/ebx   Num-test-failures/disp32          # copy *Num-test-failures to ebx</span>
<span id="L23" class="LineNr">23 </span><span class="CommentedCode">#?     e8/call  syscall_exit/disp32</span>
<span id="L24" class="LineNr">24 </span>
<span id="L25" class="LineNr">25 </span><span class="subxComment"># write(out, &quot;Error: &quot;+msg+&quot;: &quot;+byte) then stop(ed, 1)</span>
<span id="L26" class="LineNr">26 </span><span class="subxFunction">error-byte</span>:  <span class="subxComment"># ed: (addr exit-descriptor), out: (addr buffered-file), msg: (addr array byte), n: byte</span>
<span id="L27" class="LineNr">27 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . prologue</span>
<span id="L28" class="LineNr">28 </span>    55/push-ebp
<span id="L29" class="LineNr">29 </span>    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          4/r32/esp  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy esp to ebp</span>
<span id="L30" class="LineNr">30 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># write-buffered(out, &quot;Error: &quot;)</span>
<span id="L31" class="LineNr">31 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L32" class="LineNr">32 </span>    68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;Error: &quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L33" class="LineNr">33 </span>    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>          0xc/disp8      <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># push *(ebp+12)</span>
<span id="L34" class="LineNr">34 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L35" class="LineNr">35 </span>    e8/call  <a href='116write-buffered.subx.html#L8'>write-buffered</a>/disp32
<span id="L36" class="LineNr">36 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L37" class="LineNr">37 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L38" class="LineNr">38 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># write-buffered(out, msg)</span>
<span id="L39" class="LineNr">39 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L40" class="LineNr">40 </span>    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>          0x10/disp8     <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># push *(ebp+16)</span>
<span id="L41" class="LineNr">41 </span>    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>          0xc/disp8      <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># push *(ebp+12)</span>
<span id="L42" class="LineNr">42 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L43" class="LineNr">43 </span>    e8/call  <a href='116write-buffered.subx.html#L8'>write-buffered</a>/disp32
<span id="L44" class="LineNr">44 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L45" class="LineNr">45 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L46" class="LineNr">46 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># write-buffered(out, &quot;: &quot;)</span>
<span id="L47" class="LineNr">47 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L48" class="LineNr">48 </span>    68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;: &quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L49" class="LineNr">49 </span>    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>          0xc/disp8      <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># push *(ebp+12)</span>
<span id="L50" class="LineNr">50 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L51" class="LineNr">51 </span>    e8/call  <a href='116write-buffered.subx.html#L8'>write-buffered</a>/disp32
<span id="L52" class="LineNr">52 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L53" class="LineNr">53 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L54" class="LineNr">54 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># write-byte-hex-buffered(out, byte)</span>
<span id="L55" class="LineNr">55 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L56" class="LineNr">56 </span>    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>          0x14/disp8     <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># push *(ebp+20)</span>
<span id="L57" class="LineNr">57 </span>    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>          0xc/disp8      <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># push *(ebp+12)</span>
<span id="L58" class="LineNr">58 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L59" class="LineNr">59 </span>    e8/call  <a href='117write-int-hex.subx.html#L93'>write-byte-hex-buffered</a>/disp32
<span id="L60" class="LineNr">60 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L61" class="LineNr">61 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L62" class="LineNr">62 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># write-buffered(out, Newline)</span>
<span id="L63" class="LineNr">63 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L64" class="LineNr">64 </span>    68/push  <span class="SpecialChar"><a href='102test.subx.html#L82'>Newline</a></span>/imm32
<span id="L65" class="LineNr">65 </span>    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>          0xc/disp8      <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># push *(ebp+12)</span>
<span id="L66" class="LineNr">66 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L67" class="LineNr">67 </span>    e8/call  <a href='116write-buffered.subx.html#L8'>write-buffered</a>/disp32
<span id="L68" class="LineNr">68 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L69" class="LineNr">69 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L70" class="LineNr">70 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># flush(out)</span>
<span id="L71" class="LineNr">71 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L72" class="LineNr">72 </span>    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>          0xc/disp8      <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># push *(ebp+12)</span>
<span id="L73" class="LineNr">73 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L74" class="LineNr">74 </span>    e8/call  <a href='115write-byte.subx.html#L81'>flush</a>/disp32
<span id="L75" class="LineNr">75 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L76" class="LineNr">76 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              4/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L77" class="LineNr">77 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># stop(ed, 1)</span>
<span id="L78" class="LineNr">78 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L79" class="LineNr">79 </span>    68/push  1/imm32
<span id="L80" class="LineNr">80 </span>    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>          8/disp8        <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># push *(ebp+8)</span>
<span id="L81" class="LineNr">81 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L82" class="LineNr">82 </span>    e8/call  <a href='110stop.subx.html#L92'>stop</a>/disp32
<span id="L83" class="LineNr">83 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># should never get past this point</span>
<span id="L84" class="LineNr">84 </span><span class="Constant">$error-byte:dead-end</span>:
<span id="L85" class="LineNr">85 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . epilogue</span>
<span id="L86" class="LineNr">86 </span>    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          5/r32/ebp  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy ebp to esp</span>
<span id="L87" class="LineNr">87 </span>    5d/pop-to-ebp
<span id="L88" class="LineNr">88 </span>    c3/return
<span id="L89" class="LineNr">89 </span>
<span id="L90" class="LineNr">90 </span><span class="subxS2Comment"># . . vim&#0058;nowrap:textwidth=0</span>
</pre>
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<!-- vim: set foldmethod=manual : -->
n>, "new") << "routine allocated memory from " << Current_routine->alloc << " to " << Current_routine->alloc_max; } } :(scenario new_initializes) % Memory_allocated_until = 10; % Memory[Memory_allocated_until] = 1; recipe main [ 1:address:number <- new number:type 2:number <- copy 1:address:number/deref ] +mem: storing 0 in location 2 :(scenario new_array) recipe main [ 1:address:array:number/raw <- new number:type, 5:literal 2:address:number/raw <- new number:type 3:number/raw <- subtract 2:address:number/raw, 1:address:array:number/raw ] +run: 1:address:array:number/raw <- new number:type, 5:literal +mem: array size is 5 # don't forget the extra location for array size +mem: storing 6 in location 3 //: Make sure that each routine gets a different alloc to start. :(scenario new_concurrent) recipe f1 [ start-running f2:recipe 1:address:number/raw <- new number:type # wait for f2 to complete { loop-unless 4:number/raw } ] recipe f2 [ 2:address:number/raw <- new number:type # hack: assumes scheduler implementation 3:boolean/raw <- equal 1:address:number/raw, 2:address:number/raw # signal f2 complete 4:number/raw <- copy 1:literal ] +mem: storing 0 in location 3 //: If a routine runs out of its initial allocation, it should allocate more. :(scenario new_overflow) % Initial_memory_per_routine = 2; recipe main [ 1:address:number/raw <- new number:type 2:address:point/raw <- new point:type # not enough room in initial page ] +new: routine allocated memory from 1000 to 1002 +new: routine allocated memory from 1002 to 1004 //:: Next, extend 'new' to handle a string literal argument. :(scenario new_string) recipe main [ 1:address:array:character <- new [abc def] 2:character <- index 1:address:array:character/deref, 5:literal ] # number code for 'e' +mem: storing 101 in location 2 :(before "End NEW Transform Special-cases") if (inst.ingredients.at(0).properties.at(0).second.at(0) == "literal-string") { // skip transform inst.ingredients.at(0).initialized = true; goto end_new_transform; } :(after "case NEW" following "Primitive Recipe Implementations") if (isa_literal(current_instruction().ingredients.at(0)) && current_instruction().ingredients.at(0).properties.at(0).second.at(0) == "literal-string") { // allocate an array just large enough for it long long int string_length = SIZE(current_instruction().ingredients.at(0).name); //? cout << "string_length is " << string_length << '\n'; //? 1 ensure_space(string_length+1); // don't forget the extra location for array size products.resize(1); products.at(0).push_back(Current_routine->alloc); // initialize string //? cout << "new string literal: " << current_instruction().ingredients.at(0).name << '\n'; //? 1 Memory[Current_routine->alloc++] = string_length; for (long long int i = 0; i < string_length; ++i) { Memory[Current_routine->alloc++] = current_instruction().ingredients.at(0).name.at(i); } // mu strings are not null-terminated in memory break; } //: Allocate more to routine when initializing a literal string :(scenario new_string_overflow) % Initial_memory_per_routine = 2; recipe main [ 1:address:number/raw <- new number:type 2:address:array:character/raw <- new [a] # not enough room in initial page, if you take the array size into account ] +new: routine allocated memory from 1000 to 1002 +new: routine allocated memory from 1002 to 1004