# # # Nim's Runtime Library # (c) Copyright 2017 Nim Authors # # See the file "copying.txt", included in this # distribution, for details about the copyright. # ## This module implements a series of low level methods for bit manipulation. ## By default, this module use compiler intrinsics to improve performance ## on supported compilers: ``GCC``, ``LLVM_GCC``, ``CLANG``, ``VCC``, ``ICC``. ## ## The module will fallback to pure nim procs incase the backend is not supported. ## You can also use the flag `noIntrinsicsBitOpts` to disable compiler intrinsics. ## ## This module is also compatible with other backends: ``Javascript``, ``Nimscript`` ## as well as the ``compiletime VM``. ## ## As a result of using optimized function/intrinsics some functions can return ## undefined results if the input is invalid. You can use the flag `noUndefinedBitOpts` ## to force predictable behaviour for all input, causing a small performance hit. ## ## At this time only `fastLog2`, `firstSetBit, `countLeadingZeroBits`, `countTrailingZeroBits` ## may return undefined and/or platform dependant value if given invalid input. const useBuiltins = not defined(noIntrinsicsBitOpts) const noUndefined = defined(noUndefinedBitOpts) const useGCC_builtins = (defined(gcc) or defined(llvm_gcc) or defined(clang)) and useBuiltins const useICC_builtins = defined(icc) and useBuiltins const useVCC_builtins = defined(vcc) and useBuiltins const arch64 = sizeof(int) == 8 # #### Pure Nim version #### proc firstSetBit_nim(x: uint32): int {.inline, nosideeffect.} = ## Returns the 1-based index of the least significant set bit of x, or if x is zero, returns zero. # https://graphics.stanford.edu/%7Eseander/bithacks.html#ZerosOnRightMultLookup const lookup: array[32, uint8] = [0'u8, 1, 28, 2, 29, 14, 24, 3, 30, 22, 20, 15, 25, 17, 4, 8, 31, 27, 13, 23, 21, 19, 16, 7, 26, 12, 18, 6, 11, 5, 10, 9] var v = x.uint32 var k = not v + 1 # get two's complement # cast[uint32](-cast[int32](v)) result = 1 + lookup[uint32((v and k) * 0x077CB531'u32) shr 27].int proc firstSetBit_nim(x: uint64): int {.inline, nosideeffect.} = ## Returns the 1-based index of the least significant set bit of x, or if x is zero, returns zero. # https://graphics.stanford.edu/%7Eseander/bithacks.html#ZerosOnRightMultLookup var v = uint64(x) var k = uint32(v and 0xFFFFFFFF'u32) if k == 0: k = uint32(v shr 32'u32) and 0xFFFFFFFF'u32 result = 32 result += firstSetBit_nim(k) proc fastlog2_nim(x: uint32): int {.inline, nosideeffect.} = ## Quickly find the log base 2 of a 32-bit or less integer. # https://graphics.stanford.edu/%7Eseander/bithacks.html#IntegerLogDeBruijn # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11376288/fast-computing-of-log2-for-64-bit-integers const lookup: array[32, uint8] = [0'u8, 9, 1, 10, 13, 21, 2, 29, 11, 14, 16, 18, 22, 25, 3, 30, 8, 12, 20, 28, 15, 17, 24, 7, 19, 27, 23, 6, 26, 5, 4, 31] var v = x.uint32 v = v or v shr 1 # first round down to one less than a power of 2 v = v or v shr 2 v = v or v shr 4 v = v or v shr 8 v = v or v shr 16 result = lookup[uint32(v * 0x07C4ACDD'u32) shr 27].int proc fastlog2_nim(x: uint64): int {.inline, nosideeffect.} = ## Quickly find the log base 2 of a 64-bit integer. # https://graphics.stanford.edu/%7Eseander/bithacks.html#IntegerLogDeBruijn # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11376288/fast-computing-of-log2-for-64-bit-integers const lookup: array[64, uint8] = [0'u8, 58, 1, 59, 47, 53, 2, 60, 39, 48, 27, 54, 33, 42, 3, 61, 51, 37, 40, 49, 18, 28, 20, 55, 30, 34, 11, 43, 14, 22, 4, 62, 57, 46, 52, 38, 26, 32, 41, 50, 36, 17, 19, 29, 10, 13, 21, 56, 45, 25, 31, 35, 16, 9, 12, 44, 24, 15, 8, 23, 7, 6, 5, 63] var v = x.uint64 v = v or v shr 1 # first round down to one less than a power of 2 v = v or v shr 2 v = v or v shr 4 v = v or v shr 8 v = v or v shr 16 v = v or v shr 32 result = lookup[(v * 0x03F6EAF2CD271461'u64) shr 58].int proc countSetBits_nim(n: uint32): int {.inline, noSideEffect.} = ## Counts the set bits in integer. (also called Hamm
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    <p><tt>FileSystemObjects&nbsp;are&nbsp;representation&nbsp;of&nbsp;files&nbsp;and&nbsp;directories<br>
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