=head1 NAME ranger - visual file manager =head1 SYNOPSIS B [B<--version>] [B<--help>] [B<--debug>] [B<--clean>] [B<--confdir>=I] [B<--copy-config>=I] [B<--choosefile>=I] [B<--choosefiles>=I] [B<--choosedir>=I] [B<--selectfile>=I] [B<--list-unused-keys>] [B<--list-tagged-files>=I] [B<--profile>] [B<--cmd>=I] [I] =head1 DESCRIPTION ranger is a console file manager with VI key bindings. =head1 RESOURCES I contains instructions on how to use and configure ranger. I, you can press I<1?> for a list of key bindings, I<2?> for commands and I<3?> for settings. The F contains install instructions. The file F contains guidelines for code modification. The directory F contains configuration files. They are usually installed to F and can be obtained with ranger's --copy-config option. The man page of rifle(1) describes the functions of the file opener The section I of this man page contains further resources. =head1 OPTIONS =over 14 =item B<-d>, B<--debug> Activate the debug mode: Whenever an error occurs, ranger will exit and print a full traceback. The default behavior is to merely print the name of the exception in the statusbar/log and try to keep running. =item B<-c>, B<--clean> Activate the clean mode: ranger will not access or create any configuration files nor will it leave any traces on your system. This is useful when your configuration is broken, when you want to avoid clutter, etc. =item B<-r> I, B<--confdir>=I Change the configuration directory of ranger from ~/.config/ranger to "dir". =item B<--copy-config>=I Create copies of the default configuration files in your local configuration directory. Existing ones will not be overwritten. Possible values: I, I, I, I, I. =item B<--choosefile>=I Allows you to pick a file with ranger. This changes the behavior so that when you open a file, ranger will exit and write the absolute path of that file into I. =item B<--choosefiles>=I Allows you to pick multiple files with ranger. This changes the behavior so that when you open a file, ranger will exit and write the absolute paths of all selected files into I, adding one newline after each filename. =item B<--choosedir>=I Allows you to pick a directory with ranger. When you exit ranger, it will write the last visited directory into I. =item B<--selectfile>=I Open ranger with I selected. =item B<--list-unused-keys> List common keys which are not bound to any action in the "browser" context. This list is not complete, you can bind any key that is supported by curses: use the key code returned by C. =item B<--list-tagged-files>=I List all files which are tagged with the given tag. Note: Tags are single characters. The default tag is "*" =item B<--profile> Print statistics of CPU usage on exit. =item B<--cmd>=I Execute the command after the configuration has been read. Use this option multiple times to run multiple commands. =item B<--version> Print the version and exit. =item B<-h>, B<--help> Print a list of options and exit. =back =head1 CONCEPTS This part explains how certain parts of ranger work and how they can be used efficiently. =head2 TAGS Tags are single characters which are displayed left of a filename. You can use tags however you want. Press "t" to toggle tags and "T" to remove any tags of the selection. The default tag is an Asterisk ("*"), but you can use any tag by typing I<">. =head2 PREVIEWS By default, only text files are previewed, but you can enable external preview scripts by setting the option C and C to true. This default script is F<~/.config/ranger/scope.sh>. It contains more documentation and calls to the programs I and I for html, I for text/code, I for images, I for archives, I for PDFs and I for video and audio files. Install these programs (just the ones you need) and scope.sh will automatically use them. Independently of the preview script, there is a feature to preview images by drawing them directly into the terminal. This does not work over ssh, requires certain terminals (tested on "xterm" and "urxvt") and is incompatible with tmux, alt

#!/bin/sh
# Compatible with ranger 1.6.0 through 1.7.*
#
# This script searches image files in a directory, opens them all with sxiv and
# sets the first argument to the first image displayed by sxiv.
#
# This is supposed to be used in rifle.conf as a workaround for the fact that
# sxiv takes no file name arguments for the first image, just the number.  Copy
# this file somewhere into your $PATH and add this at the top of rifle.conf:
#
#   mime ^image, has sxiv, X, flag f = path/to/this/script -- "$@"
#
# Implementation notes: this script is quite slow because of POSIX limitations
# and portability concerns. First calling the shell function 'abspath' is
# quicker than calling 'realpath' because it would fork a whole process, which
# is slow. Second, we need to append a file list to sxiv, which can only be done
# properly in two ways: arrays (which are not POSIX) or \0 sperated
# strings. Unfortunately, assigning \0 to a variable is not POSIX either (will
# not work in dash and others), so we cannot store the result of listfiles to a
# variable.

if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
    echo "Usage: ${0##*/} PICTURES"
    exit
fi

[ "$1" == '--' ] && shift

abspath () {
    case "$1" in
        /*) printf "%s\n" "$1";;
        *)  printf "%s\n" "$PWD/$1";;
    esac
}

listfiles () {
    find -L "$(dirname "$target")" -maxdepth 1 -type f -iregex \
      '.*\(jpe?g\|bmp\|png\|gif\)$' -print0 | sort -z
}

target="$(abspath "$1")"
count="$(listfiles | grep -m 1 -ZznF "$target" | cut -d: -f1)"

if [ -n "$count" ]; then
    listfiles | xargs -0 sxiv -n "$count" --
else
    sxiv -- "$@" # fallback
fi

directory changes should be kept in history? =item mouse_enabled [bool] Enable mouse input? =item padding_right [bool] When collapse_preview is on and there is no preview, should there remain a little padding on the right? This allows you to click into that space to run the file. =item preview_directories [bool] Preview directories in the preview column? =item preview_files [bool] Preview files in the preview column? =item preview_images [bool] Draw images inside the console with the external program w3mimgpreview? =item preview_script [string, none] Which script should handle generating previews? If the file doesn't exist, or use_preview_script is off, ranger will handle previews itself by just printing the content. =item save_console_history [bool] Should the console history be saved on exit? If disabled, the console history is reset when you restart ranger. =item scroll_offset [integer] Try to keep this much space between the top/bottom border when scrolling. =item shorten_title [integer] Trim the title of the window if it gets long? The number defines how many directories are displayed at once. A value of 0 turns off this feature. =item show_cursor [bool] Always show the terminal cursor? =item show_hidden_bookmarks [bool] Show dotfiles in the bookmark preview window? (Type ') =item show_hidden [bool] , <^H> Show hidden files? =item sort_case_insensitive [bool] Sort case-insensitively? If true, "a" will be listed before "B" even though its ASCII value is higher. =item sort_directories_first [bool] Sort directories first? =item sort_reverse [bool] Reverse the order of files? =item sort [string] , , , , , , Which sorting mechanism should be used? Choose one of B, B, B, B, B, B, B Note: You can reverse the order by typing an uppercase second letter in the key combination, e.g. "oN" to sort from Z to A. =item status_bar_on_top [bool] Put the status bar at the top of the window? =item tilde_in_titlebar [bool] Abbreviate $HOME with ~ in the title bar (first line) of ranger? =item unicode_ellipsis [bool] Use a unicode "..." character instead of "~" to mark cut-off filenames? =item update_title [bool] Set a window title? =item update_tmux_title [bool] Set the title to "ranger" in the tmux program? =item use_preview_script [bool] Use the preview script defined in the setting I? =item vcs_aware [bool] Gather and display data about version control systems. Supported vcs: git, hg. =item vcs_backend_git, vcs_backend_hg, vcs_backend_bzr [string] Sets the state for the version control backend. The possible values are: disabled don't display any information. local display only local state. enabled display both, local and remote state. May be slow for hg and bzr. =item xterm_alt_key [bool] Enable this if key combinations with the Alt Key don't work for you. (Especially on xterm) =back =head1 COMMANDS You can enter the commands in the console which is opened by pressing ":". You can always get a list of the currently existing commands by typing "2?" in ranger. For your convenience, this is a list of the "public" commands including their parameters, excluding descriptions: alias [newcommand] [oldcommand] bulkrename cd [directory] chain command1[; command2[; command3...]] chmod octal_number cmap key command console [-pSTARTPOSITION] command copycmap key newkey [newkey2...] copymap key newkey [newkey2...] copypmap key newkey [newkey2...] copytmap key newkey [newkey2...] cunmap keys... delete edit [filename] eval [-q] python_code filter [string] find pattern grep pattern load_copy_buffer map key command mark pattern mark_tag [tags] mkdir dirname open_with [application] [flags] [mode] pmap key command punmap keys... quit quit! relink newpath rename newname save_copy_buffer scout [-FLAGS] pattern search pattern search_inc pattern set option value setlocal [path=] option value shell [-FLAGS] command terminal tmap key command touch filename travel pattern tunmap keys... unmap keys... unmark pattern unmark_tag [tags] There are additional commands which are directly translated to python functions, one for every method in the ranger.core.actions.Actions class. They are not documented here, since they are mostly for key bindings, not to be typed in by a user. Read the source if you are interested in them. These are the public commands including their descriptions: =over 2 =item alias [I] [I] Copies the oldcommand as newcommand. =item bulkrename This command opens a list of selected files in an external editor. After you edit and save the file, it will generate a shell script which does bulk renaming according to the changes you did in the file. This shell script is opened in an editor for you to review. After you close it, it will be executed. =item cd [I] The cd command changes the directory. The command C<:cd -> is equivalent to typing ``. =item chain I[; I[; I...]] Combines multiple commands into one, separated by semicolons. =item chmod I Sets the permissions of the selection to the octal number. The octal number is between 000 and 777. The digits specify the permissions for the user, the group and others. A 1 permits execution, a 2 permits writing, a 4 permits reading. Add those numbers to combine them. So a 7 permits everything. Key bindings in the form of [-+] and = also exist. For example, B<+ar> allows reading for everyone, -ow forbids others to write and 777= allows everything. See also: man 1 chmod =item cmap I I Binds keys for the console. Works like the C command. =item console [-pI] I Opens the console with the command already typed in. The cursor is placed at I. =item copycmap I I [I ...] See C =item copymap I I [I ...] Copies the keybinding I to I in the "browser" context. This is a deep copy, so if you change the new binding (or parts of it) later, the old one is not modified. To copy key bindings of the console, taskview, or pager use "copycmap", "copytmap" or "copypmap". =item copypmap I I [I ...] See C =item copytmap I I [I ...] See C =item cunmap [I] Removes key mappings of the console. Works like the C command. =item delete Destroy all files in the selection with a roundhouse kick. ranger will ask for a confirmation if you attempt to delete multiple (marked) files or non-empty directories. This can be changed by modifying the setting "confirm_on_delete". =item edit [I] Edit the current file or the file in the argument. =item eval [I<-q>] I Evaluates the python code. `fm' is a reference to the FM instance. To display text, use the function `p'. The result is displayed on the screen unless you use the "-q" option. Examples: :eval fm :eval len(fm.tabs) :eval p("Hello World!") =item filter [I] Displays only the files which contain the I in their basename. Running this command without any parameter will reset the fitler. This command is based on the I command and supports all of its options. =item find I Search files in the current directory that contain the given (case-insensitive) string in their name as you type. Once there is an unambiguous result, it will be run immediately. (Or entered, if it's a directory.) This command is based on the I command and supports all of its options. =item grep I Looks for a string in all marked files or directories. =item load_copy_buffer Load the copy buffer from F<~/.config/ranger/copy_buffer>. This can be used to pass the list of copied files to another ranger instance. =item map I I Assign the key combination to the given command. Whenever you type the key/keys, the command will be executed. Additionally, if you use a quantifier when typing the key, like 5j, it will be passed to the command as the attribute "self.quantifier". The keys you bind with this command are accessible in the file browser only, not in the console, task view or pager. To bind keys there, use the commands "cmap", "tmap" or "pmap". =item mark I Mark all files matching the regular expression pattern. This command is based on the I command and supports all of its options. =item mark_tag [I] Mark all tags that are tagged with either of the given tags. When leaving out the tag argument, all tagged files are marked. =item mkdir I Creates a directory with the name I. =item open_with [I] [I] [I] Open the selected files with the given application, unless it is omitted, in which case the default application is used. I change the way the application is executed and are described in their own section in this man page. The I is a number that specifies which application to use. The list of applications is generated by the external file opener "rifle" and can be displayed when pressing "r" in ranger. Note that if you specify an application, the mode is ignored. =item pmap I I Binds keys for the pager. Works like the C command. =item punmap [I] Removes key mappings of the pager. Works like the C command. =item quit Like quit!, but closes only this tab if multiple tabs are open. =item quit! Quit ranger. The current directory will be bookmarked as ' so you can re-enter it by typing `` or '' the next time you start ranger. =item relink I Change the link destination of the current symlink file to . First will load the original link. =item rename I Rename the current file. If a file with that name already exists, the renaming will fail. Also try the key binding A for appending something to a file name. =item save_copy_buffer Save the copy buffer to I<~/.config/ranger/copy_buffer>. This can be used to pass the list of copied files to another ranger instance. =item scout [-I...] [--] I Swiss army knife command for searching, traveling and filtering files. The command takes various flags as arguments which can be used to influence its behaviour: -a = automatically open a file on unambiguous match -e = open the selected file when pressing enter -f = filter files that match the current search pattern -g = interpret pattern as a glob pattern -i = ignore the letter case of the files -k = keep the console open when changing a directory with the command -l = letter skipping; e.g. allow "rdme" to match the file "readme" -m = mark the matching files after pressing enter -M = unmark the matching files after pressing enter -p = permanent filter: hide non-matching files after pressing enter -s = smart case; like -i unless pattern contains upper case letters -t = apply filter and search pattern as you type -v = inverts the match Multiple flags can be combined. For example, ":scout -gpt" would create a :filter-like command using globbing. =item search I Search files in the current directory that match the given (case insensitive) regular expression pattern. This command is based on the I command and supports all of its options. =item search_inc I Search files in the current directory that match the given (case insensitive) regular expression pattern. This command gets you to matching files as you type. This command is based on the I command and supports all of its options. =item set I