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#+SETUPFILE: ~/.emacs.d/org-templates/level-3.org
#+HTML_LINK_UP: ../../index.html#2020
#+OPTIONS: toc:1
#+EXPORT_FILE_NAME: index
#+TITLE: Day 03 - Toboggan Trajectory
* Puzzle
- This puzzle is taken from: https://adventofcode.com/2020/day/3
With the toboggan login problems resolved, you set off toward the
airport. While travel by toboggan might be easy, it's certainly not
safe: there's very minimal steering and the area is covered in trees.
You'll need to see which angles will take you near the fewest trees.
Due to the local geology, trees in this area only grow on exact integer
coordinates in a grid. You make a map (your puzzle input) of the open
squares (.) and trees (#) you can see. For example:
#+BEGIN_SRC
..##.......
#...#...#..
.#....#..#.
..#.#...#.#
.#...##..#.
..#.##.....
.#.#.#....#
.#........#
#.##...#...
#...##....#
.#..#...#.#
#+END_SRC
These aren't the only trees, though; due to something you read about
once involving arboreal genetics and biome stability, the same pattern
repeats to the right many times:
#+BEGIN_SRC
..##.........##.........##.........##.........##.........##....... --->
#...#...#..#...#...#..#...#...#..#...#...#..#...#...#..#...#...#..
.#....#..#..#....#..#..#....#..#..#....#..#..#....#..#..#....#..#.
..#.#...#.#..#.#...#.#..#.#...#.#..#.#...#.#..#.#...#.#..#.#...#.#
.#...##..#..#...##..#..#...##..#..#...##..#..#...##..#..#...##..#.
..#.##.......#.##.......#.##.......#.##.......#.##.......#.##..... --->
.#.#.#....#.#.#.#....#.#.#.#....#.#.#.#....#.#.#.#....#.#.#.#....#
.#........#.#........#.#........#.#........#.#........#.#........#
#.##...#...#.##...#...#.##...#...#.##...#...#.##...#...#.##...#...
#...##....##...##....##...##....##...##....##...##....##...##....#
.#..#...#.#.#..#...#.#.#..#...#.#.#..#...#.#.#..#...#.#.#..#...#.# --->
#+END_SRC
You start on the open square (.) in the top-left corner and need to
reach the bottom (below the bottom-most row on your map).
The toboggan can only follow a few specific slopes (you opted for a
cheaper model that prefers rational numbers); start by counting all the
trees you would encounter for the slope right 3, down 1:
From your starting position at the top-left, check the position that is
right 3 and down 1. Then, check the position that is right 3 and down 1
from there, and so on until you go past the bottom of the map.
The locations you'd check in the above example are marked here with O
where there was an open square and X where there was a tree:
#+BEGIN_SRC
..##.........##.........##.........##.........##.........##....... --->
#..O#...#..#...#...#..#...#...#..#...#...#..#...#...#..#...#...#..
.#....X..#..#....#..#..#....#..#..#....#..#..#....#..#..#....#..#.
..#.#...#O#..#.#...#.#..#.#...#.#..#.#...#.#..#.#...#.#..#.#...#.#
.#...##..#..X...##..#..#...##..#..#...##..#..#...##..#..#...##..#.
..#.##.......#.X#.......#.##.......#.##.......#.##.......#.##..... --->
.#.#.#....#.#.#.#.O..#.#.#.#....#.#.#.#....#.#.#.#....#.#.#.#....#
.#........#.#........X.#........#.#........#.#........#.#........#
#.##...#...#.##...#...#.X#...#...#.##...#...#.##...#...#.##...#...
#...##....##...##....##...#X....##...##....##...##....##...##....#
.#..#...#.#.#..#...#.#.#..#...X.#.#..#...#.#.#..#...#.#.#..#...#.# --->
#+END_SRC
In this example, traversing the map using this slope would cause you to
encounter 7 trees.
Starting at the top-left corner of your map and following a slope of
right 3 and down 1, how many trees would you encounter?
** Part 2
Time to check the rest of the slopes - you need to minimize the
probability of a sudden arboreal stop, after all.
Determine the number of trees you would encounter if, for each of the
following slopes, you start at the top-left corner and traverse the map
all the way to the bottom:
- Right 1, down 1.
- Right 3, down 1. (This is the slope you already checked.)
- Right 5, down 1.
- Right 7, down 1.
- Right 1, down 2.
In the above example, these slopes would find 2, 7, 3, 4, and 2 tree(s)
respectively; multiplied together, these produce the answer 336.
What do you get if you multiply together the number of trees encountered
on each of the listed slopes?
* Solution
=count-trees= is a subroutine that will count the number of trees we'll
encounter, it needs =@input=, =$right=, =$down=.
#+BEGIN_SRC raku
sub count-trees (
@input,
Int $right,
Int $down
) {
# Start at top left position.
my $x = 0;
my $y = 0;
my $trees = 0;
my $x-max = @input[0].elems - 1;
my $y-max = @input.elems - 1;
loop {
$trees++ if @input[$y][$x] eq '#';
$x += $right;
$y += $down;
# Cannot let $x become greater than $x-max because that'll produce
# error when we try to access @input with those positions. So, we
# wrap it around because the same map is repeated.
$x -= $x-max + 1 if $x > $x-max;
last if $y-max < $y;
}
return $trees;
}
#+END_SRC
=$x-max= holds the last index of =@input= =x= coordinate & same for =$y-max=
with =y= coordinate. The loop first checks if we've encountered a tree &
increments =$trees= if true. Then =$x= & =$y= are incremented to new
positions.
Later we check if =$x= has become greater than =$-max=, if true then we just
wrap =$x= around the map. The map is infinitely long in =x= axis, =$x-max + 1=
is subtracted because that is the length of map in =x= axis after which it
repeats infinitely. We stop when the we reach the bottom most corner of
the map.
For part 1 we simply pass (3, 1) for (=$right=, =$down=) values to
subroutine =count-trees= & print the solution.
#+BEGIN_SRC raku
say "Part 1: ", count-trees(@input, 3, 1);
#+END_SRC
** Part 2
For part 2 we calculate the number of trees for different sets of
(=$right=, =$down=), multiply those numbers & print it.
#+BEGIN_SRC raku
my @trees = [{ right => 1, down => 1 },
{ right => 3, down => 1 },
{ right => 5, down => 1 },
{ right => 7, down => 1 },
{ right => 1, down => 2 },].map(
{count-trees(@input, $_<right>, $_<down>)}
);
say "Part 2: ", [*] @trees;
#+END_SRC
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