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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html dir="ltr" lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset='utf-8'>
        <title>Storage</title>
    </head>
    <body>

        <a href="index.html">Systools Index</a>

        <h1>Storage</h1>

        <h2 id="mv">Moving partitions</h2>

        <pre>
        var
        (parted) mkpart primary ext4 57GiB 200GiB
        </pre>
        <pre>
        swap
        (parted) mkpart primary linux-swap 29GiB 57GiB
        </pre>
        <pre>
        home
        (parted) mkpart primary ext4 57GiB 200GiB
        </pre>
        <pre>
        srv
        (parted) mkpart primary ext4 200GiB 100%
        </pre>

        <p>Reboot into single-user mode where services aren't started and networking is offline.<p>
        <pre>
        # init 1
        </pre>

        <p>Copy the data:</p>
        cp -apx /srv/* /mnt/srv

        <p>Rename directory, for later backup;</p>

        <pre>
        mv /srv /srv.old
        mkdir /srv
        </pre>

        <p>Edit the <a href="../conf/etc/fstab">/etc/fstab</a>file:</p>

        <pre>
        # Server Data /srv
        UUID=6fadcb98-e442-4af7-a5f2-1ddb6100a8c4 /srv            ext4    defaults        0       2
        </pre>

        <p>Reboot in normal mode.</p>

        <h2 id="lvm">1.2. LVM</h2>

        <p>Read <a href="https://raid.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/RAID_setup">Raid Setup</a>,
        the only thing you will need outside system is:
        "Patience, Pizza, and your favorite caffeinated beverage.".
        <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Software_RAID_and_LVM">Arch Wiki</a>
        article about Sofware RAID and LVM.</p>

        <p>Basic idea behind RAID is to deal with independent disks
        as an array of drives. Raid 0 uses two or more disks as one,
        with performance gains without fault-tolerance. From raid 1
        to 6 they offer diferent fault tolerance mechanisms.</p>

        <p>LVM or Logic Volume Manager bring one more layer, read
        <a href="http://www.tuxradar.com/content/lvm-made-easy">Lvm made easy</a>.
        Partitions under lvm are easy to be resized, moved and there is
        a tool to help encrypt. There is more freedom to name physical
        disk names exp; production, development, backups...</p>


        <p>Until now "from install" there is only one partition,
        it is good idea to have a system with diferent partitions for each
        propos. If is a "fresh install";</p>

        <pre>
        # cd /iso/crux/opt/
        # pkgadd lvm2#2.02.107-1.pkg.tar.xz
        #
        </pre>

        <h3>Multiple Partition</h3>

        <p>Create a LVM partition, fdisk should
        show something like this;</p>

        <pre>
        # fdisk /dev/sdb

        Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.26.1).
        Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
        Be careful before using the write command.


        Command (m for help): p
        Disk /dev/sdb: 232.9 GiB, 250059350016 bytes, 488397168 sectors
        Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
        Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
        I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
        Disklabel type: gpt
        Disk identifier: E37FE96F-9845-45A4-B6DA-BF3F8E47511A

        Device     Start      End  Sectors  Size Type
        /dev/sdb1   2048     8056     6009    3M BIOS boot
        /dev/sdb2   8192 18440191 18432000  8.8G Linux filesystem

        Command (m for help):
        </pre>

        <p>I use defaults unless to define system partition last sector,
        where in this example is size, +80G</p>

        <pre>
        Command (m for help): n
        Partition number (3-128, default 3):
        First sector (8057-488397134, default 18440192):
        Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (18440192-488397134, default 488397134): +80G

        Created a new partition 3 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 80 GiB.

        Command (m for help):

        Command (m for help): t
        Partition number (1-3, default 3):
        Hex code (type L to list all codes): 23

        Changed type of partition 'Linux filesystem' to 'Linux LVM'.

        Command (m for help): n
        Partition number (4-128, default 4):
        First sector (8057-488397134, default 186212352):
        Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (186212352-488397134, default 488397134):

        Created a new partition 4 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 144.1 GiB.

        Command (m for help): t
        Partition number (1-4, default 4):
        Hex code (type L to list all codes): 23

        Changed type of partition 'Linux filesystem' to 'Linux LVM'.

        Command (m for help): w
        The partition table has been altered.
        Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
        Syncing disks.

        #
        </pre>

        <h3>Create Phisical Volume</h3>


        <pre>
         # pvcreate /dev/sdb3
          Physical volume "/dev/sdb3" successfully created
         #
         # pvcreate /dev/sdb4
          Physical volume "/dev/sdb4" successfully created
         #
        </pre>

        <h3>Create Volume Group</h3>

        <pre>
        # vgcreate systemvg /dev/sdb3
          Volume group "systemvg" successfully created
        # vgcreate homevg /dev/sdb4
          Volume group "homevg" successfully created
        #
        </pre>

        <h3>Create Logical Volume</h3>

        <pre>
        # lvcreate -L 15G -n distfileslv systemvg
          Logical volume "distfileslv" created.
        # lvcreate -L 8G -n packageslv systemvg
          Logical volume "packageslv" created.
        # lvcreate -L 4G -n swaplv systemvg
          Logical volume "swaplv" created.
        # lvcreate -L 80G -n homelv homevg
          Logical volume "homelv" created.
        #
        </pre>

        <pre>
        # mkfs.ext4 /dev/systemvg/distfileslv
        # mkfs.ext4 /dev/systemvg/packageslv
        # mkswap /dev/systemvg/swaplv
        # mkfs.ext4 /dev/homevg/homelv
        </pre>

        <h3>Activate Deactivate</h3>

        <p>Deactivate logical volumes;</p>

        <pre>
        # lvchange -a -n /dev/systemvg/packageslv
        # lvchange -a -n /dev/systemvg/distfileslv
        # swapoff /dev/systemvg/sawplv
        # lvchange -a -n /dev/systemvg/swaplv
        </pre>

        <p>Deactivate volume group;</p>

        <pre>
         # vgchange -a n systemvg
         0 logical volume(s) in volume group "systemvg" now active
         #
        </pre>

        <p>Activate volume group;</p>
        <pre>
        # vgchange -a y systemvg
          3 logical volume(s) in volume group "systemvg" now active
        #
        </pre>

        <h3>Search Volume Groups</h3>

        <pre>
        # vgscan
          Reading all physical volumes.  This may take a while...
          Found volume group "homevg" using metadata type lvm2
          Found volume group "systemvg" using metadata type lvm2
        #
        </pre>

        <h3>Reconfigure System</h3>

        <p>Start by mounting distfileslv and packageslv;</p>

        <pre>
        # mkdir -p /var/ports/distfiles
        # mkdir -p /var/ports/packages
        # mkdir -p /var/ports/work
        # mkdir -p /var/ports/pkgbuild
        # chown -R pkgmk:pkgmk /var/ports
        #
        </pre>

        <pre>
        # vim /etc/pkgmk.conf

        # PKGMK_SOURCE_MIRRORS=()
        PKGMK_SOURCE_DIR="/var/ports/distfiles"
        PKGMK_PACKAGE_DIR="/var/ports/packages"
        PKGMK_WORK_DIR="/var/ports/work/$name
        </pre>

        <p>Edit /etc/prt-get.conf;</p>

        <pre>
        ### log options:
        writelog enabled           # (enabled|disabled)
        logmode  overwrite         # (append|overwrite)
        rmlog_on_success yes       # (no|yes)
        logfile  /var/ports/pkgbuild/%n.log
        </pre>

        <pre>
        #
        # /etc/fstab: static file system information
        #
        # <file system>        <dir>     <type>    <options>                        <dump> <pass>

        UUID=49031e4e-f899-499d-ac83-401ad12635f5       /       ext4    defaults,errors=remount-ro,noatime      0 1

        #/dev/mapper/homevg-homelv:
        UUID=c3158626-de78-4bfa-ab8a-9e7e157eca88     /home   ext4    defaults,noatime        0 2

        #/dev/mapper/systemvg-distfileslv:
        UUID=0aba2d28-8e3a-4a89-bff5-1698708e13d0       /var/ports/distfiles      ext4 defaults,noatime   0 2
        #/dev/mapper/systemvg-packageslv:
        UUID=b5a38930-2827-4f00-809a-a0c4d5488aa8       /var/ports/packages       ext4 defaults,noatime   0 2

        #/dev/mapper/systemvg-swaplv:
        UUID=08295a67-a056-4dea-9462-209f151e4cdf       swap    swap    defaults        0 0
        devpts                 /dev/pts  devpts    noexec,nosuid,gid=tty,mode=0620  0      0
        tmp                   /tmp      tmpfs     defaults                         0      0
        shm                   /dev/shm  tmpfs     defaults                         0      0

        pkgmk /var/ports/work tmpfs size=1G,uid=100,defaults 0 0
        # End of file
        </pre>

        <p>You can move home directory to new one with
        just one command; "usermod -m -d /home/new user".</p>

        <pre>
        # mount /var/ports/distfiles
        # mount /var/ports/packages
        # umount /home/pkgmk/work
        # mount /var/ports/work
        # mv /home/pkgmk/distfiles/* /var/ports/distfiles/
        # mv /home/pkgmk/packages/* /var/ports/packages/
        # rm -R /home/pkgmk
        # usermod -d /var/ports pkgmk
        </pre>

        <p>Check ownership, you may need recursive if partition
        has bin used on another system.</p>

        <pre>
        # chown pkgmk:pkgmk /var/ports/distfiles
        # chown pkgmk:pkgmk /var/ports/packages
        #
        </pre>

        <pre>
        # mkdir /home/tmp
        # mount /dev/homevg/homelv /home/tmp
        # mv /home/user /home/tmp
        # umount /home/tmp
        # rmdir /home/tmp
        # rm -R /home/user
        </pre>

        <h2>Maintenance</h2>

        <pre>
        # smartctl -t long /dev/sdb1
        # smartctl -a /dev/sdb1 | less
        </pre>


        <p><a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Badblocks">Non Destructive Test;</a></p>

        <pre>
        # badblocks -nsv /dev/sdb1
        </pre>


        <h2>Example gitolite volume</h2>

        <p>Lets create new lvm volume for repositories data;</p>

        <pre>
        # lvcreate -L 15G -n gitlv homevg
          Logical volume "gitlv" created.

        # mkfs.ext4 /dev/homevg/gitlv
         mke2fs 1.42.12 (29-Aug-2014)
         Creating filesystem with 3932160 4k blocks and 983040 inodes
         Filesystem UUID: 54c7dca5-1558-4f90-8d81-c01e4e50c6ae
         Superblock backups stored on blocks:
                 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208

         Allocating group tables: done
         Writing inode tables: done
         Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
         Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

         #
        </pre>

        <p>Edit fstab</p>

        <pre>
        UUID=54c7dca5-1558-4f90-8d81-c01e4e50c6ae       /srv/git                ext4 defaults,noatime   0 2
        </pre>

        <h2 id="btrfs">1.3. BTRFS</h2>

        <a href="index.html">Systools Index</a>
        <p>
        This is part of the c9-doc Manual.
        Copyright (C) 2016
        Silvino Silva.
        See the file <a href="../fdl-1.3-standalone.html">Gnu Free Documentation License</a>
        for copying conditions.</p>
    </body>
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