Git

First configure your global identity, configuration file resides on ~/.gitconfig ;

       $ git config --global user.name "User Name"
       $ git config --global user.email user@devbox

If you want to disable pager / paging you can set globally;

    $ git config --global core.pager cat

Paging based on output size with less;

    $ git config --global core.pager "less -F -X"

Use vimdiff as diff and merge tool;

    $ git config --global diff.tool vimdiff
    $ git config --global merge.tool vimdiff
    $ git config --global difftool.prompt false
    $ git config --global merge.conflictstyle diff3

1. Team WorkFlow

Assumptions of this document;

Correct user account exists on git server or is public readable.
Repository exists or create one if you have permissions. This document uses atom as example.
Correct ssh identities, and profile alias have been setup. This document uses devbox as example.

       $ git clone devbox:atom
       $ git remote -v

This work flow is based on Vicent Driessen development model, it defines rules how branches are forked, merged and tagged. By having well defined set of branches, the project structure is used as a communication tool, allowing to work simultaneously on different stages of the development.

Main Branches;

    ___A___________AB_____ Master
        \___B_____/ \____  Develop

master: Current official stable release history.
develop: Integration branch for features.

Add-on Branches;

    _A_________________AFR___________________AFRHR Master
     \            _AFR_/   \        _AFRHR_/\      Release
      \          /          \_AFRH_/         \     Hotfix
       \________/_____________________________\__  Develop
         \_F_/     \_F1_/                          Feature

feature (f-): New features, improvement proposal, tests, etc...; Only fork and merge from/to develop.
release (r-): Next release, new features not allowed.; Fork from develop, merges to master and develop.
hotfix (h-): Hotfix only contain isolated bugfixes.; Only fork from master, merges back to master and develop.

1.1. Feature

Create a branch featurex from develop and checkout;

    $ git checkout -b featurex develop

Push new branch to server

    $ git push -u origin featurex

Rename a branch, if all feature branches start by "f-" is easy and quick to type and easy to spot;

    $ git branch -m featurex f-xpto

Rename remote branch;

    $ git push origin :featurex f-xpto
    $ git push origin -u f-xpto

Merge branch feature into develop;

    $ git checkout develop
    Switched to branch 'develop'
    $ git merge --no-ff f-xpto
    Updating ea1b82a..05e9557
    (Summary of changes)
    $ git push origin develop

Delete Local;

    $ git branch -D f-xpto

Delete Remote

    $ git push origin :f-xpto

1.2. Release

Software release numbers follow Tom Preston-Werner description;

    software-name-X.Y.Z.tar.xz

X: Major version, backwards incompatible API changes.
Y: Minor version, backwards-compatible changes.
Z: Patch version, backwards-compatible bug fixes.

    $ git checkout -b r-1.2.1 develop
    Switched to a new branch "release-1.2.1"
    $ ./bump-version.sh 1.2.1
    Files modified successfully, version bumped to 1.2.1.
    $ git commit -a -m "Bumped version number to 1.2.1"
    [release-1.2 74d9424] Bumped version number to 1.2.1
    1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)

Only documentation or bugfixes are allowed in this branch. When release is ready for production merge and push to master;

    $ git checkout master
    Switched to branch 'master'
    $ git merge --no-ff r-1.2.1
    Merge made by recursive.

Tag new release with software-name-version, this allows meaningful ports distfiles when downloading releases from git archives;

    $ git tag -a software-name-1.2.1
    $ git push --follow-tags

Update branch develop with bugfixes from last release, conflict will happen in next step

    $ git checkout develop
    Switched to branch 'develop'
    $ git merge --no-ff r-1.2.1
    Merge made by recursive.
    (Summary of changes)
    $ git push

1.3. Tags

There are two main types of tags, lightweight and annotated. Lightweight tag is a pointer to a specific commit, much like cheap branches. Annotated tags are stored as full objects and allow to sign with gnupg, making it ideal for distributing releases.

Delete local and remote last end of life version;

    $ git tag -d software-name-0.0.12
    $ git push origin :refs/tags/software-name-0.8

Checkout master commit you want to start long term support and then;

    $ git tag -m "this commit is tagged" -a "software-name-1.1.8"
    $ git push --follow-tags

1.4. Hotfix

This branch should never exist, ;)

    $ git checkout -b h-1.2.2 master
    $ ./bump-version.sh 1.2.2
    Files modified successfully, version bumped to 1.2.2
    $ git commit -a -m "Bumped version number to 1.2.2"

    $ git merge --no-ff b-error-xpto
    ...
    $ git merge --no-ff b-error-xpto
    ...
    $ git commit -m "Commit severe fix"
    ...
    $ git commit -m "Commit severe fix"
    ...

    $ git checkout master
    Switched to branch 'master'
    $ git merge --no-ff h-1.2.2
    Merge made by recursive.
    (Summary of changes)
    $ git tag -a software-name-1.2.2

Conflict will happen in next step

    $ git checkout develop
    Switched to branch 'develop'
    $ git merge --no-ff h-1.2.2
    Merge made by recursive.
    (Summary of changes)

    $ git -D h-1.2.2

2. Local Workflow

2.1. Working area

Mark all deleted to commit;

    $ git ls-files --deleted -z | xargs -0 git rm

Query last commit that affected current file path

    $ git rev-list -n 1 HEAD -- .
    $ git show f000 path/to/file
    $ git diff --name-status f000 path/to/file

Undo a file to specific commit

    $ git checkout f000^ -- path/to/file

Join multiple commits into single one;

    $ git log --oneline
    $ git rebase -i oldest_commit_to_rewrite

2.2. Logs, diff commits

Create patch files to target branch/tag/ref;

    $ git format-patch --no-prefix software-v0.0.1

Same using diff command;

    $ diff -u orig file > file.patch

2.3. Working with remotes

Adding a new remote;

    $ git remote add newremotename https://machine.example.org/repo.git

Update all branches with remote;

    $ git fetch --all
    $ git pull --all

If you want to track all remotes run this line and then the commands mentioned above;

    $ for remote in `git branch -r`; do git branch --track ${remote#origin/} $remote; done

Future updates;

    $ git fetch --all
    $ git pull --all

Update local branches removed on remote set;

    $ git config --global fetch.prune true

This will prune on fetch or you can keep it manually;

    $ git remote prune origin

Development Index