2.6. Hardening

2.6.0.2 System security

File systems: Check fstab and current mount options. Mount filesystems in read only, only strict necessary in rw.
Sys: Check kernel settings with sysctl.; kernel.yama.ptrace_scope breaks gdb, strace, perf trace and reptyr.
Iptables: Check if iptables rules are loaded and are correctly logging.(firewald works as API to iptables).
Apparmor: Check if apparmor is active and enforcing policies.
Samhain: Check if samhain is running.
Toolchain: Build ports using hardened toolchain settings.

        $ sudo prt-get depinst checksec

2.6.0.1 System configuration

1.1 - Users groups, passwords and sudo.

Check "normal" users groups, make sure they are not admin or wheel group; ps -U root -u root u, ps axl | awk '$7 != 0 && $10 !~ "Z"', process permission; ps -o gid,rdig,supgid -p "$pid"

Maintain, secure with hash, and enforce secure passwords with pam-cracklib.

1.2 - Linux PAM

Cat /etc/pam.d/system-auth. Check pam modules, test on virtual machine, user can lockout during tests. Check files (processes); getfacl filename.

Check files (processes) set uid and set gid;

        # find / -perm 4000 >> /root/setuid_files
        # find / -perm 2000 >> /root/setguid_files

To setuid (4744);

        # chmod u+s filename

To remove (0664) from su and Xorg (user must be part of input and video for xorg to run);

        # chmod u-s /usr/bin/su
        # chmod u-s /usr/bin/X

To set gid (2744)

        # chmod g+s filename

To remove (0774);

        # chmod g-s filename

Find world writable files;

        # find /dir -xdev -type d \( -perm -0002 -a ! -perm -1000 \) -print

No owner files;

        # find /dir -xdev \( -nouser -o -nogroup \) -print

1.3. Capabilities

Check capabilities;

        # getcap filename

1.9 - Limit number of processes.

1.10 - Lock user after 3 failed loggins.

1.8 - Block host ip based on iptable and services abuse.

1.4 Sudo

Check sudo, sudoers and sudo replay.

Don't run editor as root, instead run sudoedit filename or sudo --edit filename. Editor can be set as a environment variable;

        $ export SUDO_EDITOR=vim

Set rvim as default on sudo config;

        # visudo

        Defaults editor=/usr/bin/rvim

Once sudo is correctly configured, disable root login;

        # passwd --lock root

1.5 Auditd

        $ prt-get depinst audit

Example audit when file /etc/passwd get modified;

        $ auditctl -w /etc/passwd -p wa -k passwd_changes

Audit when a module get's loaded;

        # auditctl -w /sbin/insmod -p x -k module_insertion

1.6 Network

Find listening services with command;

        # ss -tulpn
        # nmap -sT -O localhost
        # nmap -sT -O machine.example.org

2.6.0.2 Lynis

        $ sudo prt-get depinst lynis

Lynis gives a view of system overall configuration, without changing default profile it runs irrelevant tests. Create a lynis profile by coping default one and run lynis;

        $ sudo cp /etc/lynis/default.prf /etc/lynis/custom.prf
        $ sudo lynis configure settings color=yes
        $ sudo lynis show settings
        $ sudo lynis show profile

        $ lynis audit system > lynis_report
        $ mv /tmp/lynis.log .
        $ mv /tmp/lynis-report.dat .

Add unnecessary tests to profile to have less noise.

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