dwm.1


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.TH DWM 1 dwm-VERSION
.SH NAME
dwm \- dynamic window manager
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B dwm
.RB [ \-v ]
.SH DESCRIPTION
dwm is a dynamic window manager for X. It manages windows in tiling and
floating modes. Either mode can be applied dynamically, optimizing the
environment for the application in use and the task performed.
.P
In tiling mode windows are managed in a master and stacking area. The master
area contains the windows which currently need most attention, whereas the
stacking area contains all other windows. In floating mode windows can be
resized and moved freely. Dialog windows are always managed floating,
regardless of the mode applied.
.P
Windows are grouped by tags. Each window can be tagged with one or multiple
tags. Selecting certain tags displays all windows with these tags.
.P
dwm contains a small status bar which displays all available tags, the mode,
the title of the focused window, and the text read from standard input. The
selected tags are indicated with a different color. The tags of the focused
window are indicated with a filled square in the top left corner.  The tags
which are applied to one or more windows are indicated with an empty square in
the top left corner.
.P
dwm draws a small border around windows to indicate the focus state.
.SH OPTIONS
.TP
.B \-v
prints version information to standard output, then exits.
.SH USAGE
.SS Status bar
.TP
.B Standard input
is read and displayed in the status text area.
.TP
.B Button1
click on a tag label to display all windows with that tag, click on the mode
label toggles between tiling and floating mode.
.TP
.B Button3
click on a tag label adds/removes all windows with that tag to/from the view.
.TP
.B Button4
click on the mode label increases the number of windows in the master area (tiling mode only).
.TP
.B Button5
click on the mode label decreases the number of windows in the master area (tiling mode only).
.TP
.B Mod1-Button1
click on a tag label applies that tag to the focused window.
.TP
.B Mod1-Button3
click on a tag label adds/removes that tag to/from the focused window.
.SS Keyboard commands
.TP
.B Mod1-Shift-Return
Start
.BR xterm (1).
.TP
.B Mod1-Tab
Focus next window.
.TP
.B Mod1-Shift-Tab
Focus previous window.
.TP
.B Mod1-Return
Zooms/cycles current window to/from master area (tiling mode), toggles maximization current window (floating mode).
.TP
.B Mod1-g
Grow master area (tiling mode only).
.TP
.B Mod1-s
Shrink master area (tiling mode only).
.TP
.B Mod1-i
Increase the number of windows in the master area (tiling mode only).
.TP
.B Mod1-d
Decrease the number of windows in the master area (tiling mode only).
.TP
.B Mod1-Shift-[1..n]
Apply
.RB nth
tag to current window.
.TP
.B Mod1-Shift-0
Apply all tags to current window.
.TP
.B Mod1-Control-Shift-[1..n]
Add/remove
.B nth
tag to/from current window.
.TP
.B Mod1-Shift-c
Close focused window.
.TP
.B Mod1-space
Toggle between tiling and floating mode (affects all windows).
.TP
.B Mod1-Shift-space
Toggle focused window between floating and non-floating state (tiling mode only).
.TP
.B Mod1-[1..n]
View all windows with
.BR nth
tag.
.TP
.B Mod1-0
View all windows with any tag.
.TP
.B Mod1-Control-[1..n]
Add/remove all windows with
.BR nth
tag to/from the view.
.TP
.B Mod1-Shift-q
Quit dwm.
.SS Mouse commands
.TP
.B Mod1-Button1
Move current window while dragging (floating mode only).
.TP
.B Mod1-Button2
Zoom current window to the master area (tiling mode only).
.TP
.B Mod1-Button3
Resize current window while dragging (floating mode only).
.SH CUSTOMIZATION
dwm is customized by creating a custom config.h and (re)compiling the source
code. This keeps it fast, secure and simple.
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR dmenu (1)
.SH BUGS
The status bar may display
.BR "EOF"
when dwm has been started by an X session manager like
.BR xdm (1),
because those close standard output before executing dwm.
.P
Java applications which use the XToolkit/XAWT backend may draw grey windows
only. The XToolkit/XAWT backend breaks ICCCM-compliance in recent JDK 1.5 and early
JDK 1.6 versions, because it assumes a reparenting window manager. As a workaround
you can use JDK 1.4 (which doesn't contain the XToolkit/XAWT backend) or you
can set the following environment variable (to use the older Motif
backend instead):
.BR AWT_TOOLKIT=MToolkit .
# Copyright (C) 2009, 2010  Roman Zimbelmann <romanz@lavabit.com>
#
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

import os
import shutil
from os.path import join, isdir
from os import symlink, getcwd
from inspect import cleandoc

import ranger
from ranger.ext.direction import Direction
from ranger import fsobject
from ranger.shared import FileManagerAware, EnvironmentAware, SettingsAware
from ranger.gui.widgets import console_mode as cmode
from ranger.fsobject import File
from ranger.ext import shutil_generatorized as shutil_g
from ranger.fsobject.loader import LoadableObject

class Actions(FileManagerAware, EnvironmentAware, SettingsAware):
	search_method = 'ctime'
	search_forward = False

	# --------------------------
	# -- Backwards Compatibility
	# --------------------------
	# All methods defined here are just for backwards compatibility,
	# allowing old configuration files to work with newer versions.
	# You can delete them and they should change nothing if you use
	# an up-to-date configuration file.

	def dummy(self, *args, **keywords):
		"""For backwards compatibility only."""

	handle_mouse = resize = dummy

	def move_left(self, narg=1):
		"""Enter the parent directory"""
		self.move(left=1, narg=narg)

	def move_right(self, narg=None):
		"""Enter the current directory or execute the current file"""
		self.move(right=1, narg=narg)

	def move_pointer(self, relative=0, absolute=None, narg=None):
		"""Move the pointer down by <relative> or to <absolute>"""
		dct = dict(down=relative, narg=narg)
		if absolute is not None:
			dct['to'] = absolute
		self.move(**dct)

	def move_pointer_by_pages(self, relative):
		"""Move the pointer down by <relative> pages"""
		self.move(down=relative, pages=True)

	def move_pointer_by_percentage(self, relative=0, absolute=None, narg=None):
		"""Move the pointer down to <absolute>%"""
		self.move(to=absolute, percentage=True, narg=narg)

	# --------------------------
	# -- Basic Commands
	# --------------------------

	def exit(self):
		"""Exit the program"""
		raise SystemExit()

	def reset(self):
		"""Reset the filemanager, clearing the directory buffer"""
		old_path = self.env.cwd.path
		self.env.garbage_collect(-1)
		self.enter_dir(old_path)

	def reload_cwd(self):
		try:
			cwd = self.env.cwd
		except:
			pass
		cwd.unload()
		cwd.load_content()

	def notify(self, text, duration=4, bad=False):
		if isinstance(text, Exception):
			if ranger.arg.debug:
				raise
			bad = True
		text = str(text)
		self.log.appendleft(text)
		if hasattr(self.ui, 'notify'):
			self.ui.notify(text, duration=duration, bad=bad)

	def redraw_window(self):
		"""Redraw the window"""
		self.ui.redraw_window()

	def open_console(self, mode=':', string='', prompt=None):
		"""Open the console if the current UI supports that"""
		if hasattr(self.ui, 'open_console'):
			self.ui.open_console(mode, string, prompt=prompt)

	def execute_file(self, files, **kw):
		"""Execute a file.
		app is the name of a method in Applications, without the "app_"
		flags is a string consisting of runner.ALLOWED_FLAGS
		mode is a positive integer.
		Both flags and mode specify how the program is run."""

		if isinstance(files, set):
			files = list(files)
		elif type(files) not in (list, tuple):
			files = [files]

		return self.run(files=list(files), **kw)

	# --------------------------
	# -- Moving Around
	# --------------------------

	def move(self, narg=None, **kw):
		"""
		A universal movement method.

		Accepts these parameters:
		(int) down, (int) up, (int) left, (int) right, (int) to,
		(bool) absolute, (bool) relative, (bool) pages,
		(bool) percentage

		to=X is translated to down=X, absolute=True

		Example:
		self.move(down=4, pages=True)  # moves down by 4 pages.
		self.move(to=2, pages=True)  # moves to page 2.
		self.move(to=1, percentage=True)  # moves to 80%
		"""
		direction = Direction(kw)
		if 'left' in direction or direction.left() > 0:
			steps = direction.left()
			if narg is not None:
				steps *= narg
			try:
				directory = os.path.join(*(['..'] * steps))
			except:
				return
			self.env.enter_dir(directory)

		elif 'right' in direction:
			mode = 0
			if narg is not None:
				mode = narg
			cf = self.env.cf
			selection = self.env.get_selection()
			if not self.env.enter_dir(cf) and selection:
				if self.execute_file(selection, mode=mode) is False:
					self.open_console(cmode.OPEN_QUICK)

		elif direction.vertical():
			newpos = direction.move(
					direction=direction.down(),
					override=narg,
					maximum=len(self.env.cwd),
					current=self.env.cwd.pointer,
					pagesize=self.ui.browser.hei)
			self.env.cwd.move(to=newpos)

	def history_go(self, relative):
		"""Move back and forth in the history"""
		self.env.history_go(relative)

	def scroll(self, relative):
		"""Scroll down by <relative> lines"""
		if hasattr(self.ui, 'scroll'):
			self.ui.scroll(relative)
			self.env.cf = self.env.cwd.pointed_obj

	def enter_dir(self, path, remember=False, history=True):
		"""Enter the directory at the given path"""
		if remember:
			cwd = self.env.cwd
			result = self.env.enter_dir(path, history=history)
			self.bookmarks.remember(cwd)
			return result
		return self.env.enter_dir(path, history=history)

	def cd(self, path, remember=True):
		"""enter the directory at the given path, remember=True"""
		self.enter_dir(path, remember=remember)

	def traverse(self):
		cf = self.env.cf
		cwd = self.env.cwd
		if cf is not None and cf.is_directory:
			self.enter_dir(cf.path)
		elif cwd.pointer >= len(cwd) - 1:
			while True:
				self.move(left=1)
				cwd = self.env.cwd
				if cwd.pointer < len(cwd) - 1:
					break
				if cwd.path == '/':
					break
			self.move(down=1)
			self.traverse()
		else:
			self.move(down=1)
			self.traverse()

	# --------------------------
	# -- Shortcuts / Wrappers
	# --------------------------

	def execute_command(self, cmd, **kw):
		return self.run(cmd, **kw)

	def edit_file(self, file=None):
		"""Calls execute_file with the current file and app='editor'"""
		if file is None:
			file = self.env.cf
		elif isinstance(file, str):
			file = File(os.path.expanduser(file))
		if file is None:
			return
		self.execute_file(file, app = 'editor')

	def hint(self, text):
		self.ui.hint(text)

	def toggle_boolean_option(self, string):
		"""Toggle a boolean option named <string>"""
		if isinstance(self.env.settings[string], bool):
			self.env.settings[string] ^= True

	def set_option(self, optname, value):
		"""Set the value of an option named <optname>"""
		self.env.settings[optname] = value

	def sort(self, func=None, reverse=None):
		if reverse is not None:
			self.env.settings['sort_reverse'] = bool(reverse)

		if func is not None:
			self.env.settings['sort'] = str(func)

	def set_filter(self, fltr):
		try:
			self.env.cwd.filter = fltr
		except:
			pass

	def mark(self, all=False, toggle=False, val=None, movedown=None, narg=1):
		"""
		A wrapper for the directory.mark_xyz functions.

		Arguments:
		all - change all files of the current directory at once?
		toggle - toggle the marked-status?
		val - mark or unmark?
		"""

		if self.env.cwd is None:
			return

		cwd = self.env.cwd

		if not cwd.accessible:
			return

		if movedown is None:
			movedown = not all

		if val is None and toggle is False:
			return

		if all:
			if toggle:
				cwd.toggle_all_marks()
			else:
				cwd.mark_all(val)
		else:
			for i in range(cwd.pointer, min(cwd.pointer + narg, len(cwd))):
				item = cwd.files[i]
				if item is not None:
					if toggle:
						cwd.toggle_mark(item)
					else:
						cwd.mark_item(item, val)

		if movedown:
			self.move(down=narg)

		if hasattr(self.ui, 'redraw_main_column'):
			self.ui.redraw_main_column()
		if hasattr(self.ui, 'status'):
			self.ui.status.need_redraw = True

	# --------------------------
	# -- Searching
	# --------------------------

	def search(self, order=None, forward=True):
		original_order = order
		if self.search_forward:
			direction = bool(forward)
		else:
			direction = not bool(forward)

		if order is None:
			order = self.search_method
		else:
			self.set_search_method(order=order)

		if order in ('search', 'tag'):
			if order == 'search':
				arg = self.env.last_search
				if arg is None:
					return False
				if hasattr(arg, 'search'):
					fnc = lambda x: arg.search(x.basename)
				else:
					fnc = lambda x: arg in x.basename
			elif order == 'tag':
				fnc = lambda x: x.realpath in self.tags

			return self.env.cwd.search_fnc(fnc=fnc, forward=forward)

		elif order in ('size', 'mimetype', 'ctime'):
			cwd = self.env.cwd
			if original_order is not None or not cwd.cycle_list:
				lst = list(cwd.files)
				if order == 'size':
					fnc = lambda item: -item.size
				elif order == 'mimetype':
					fnc = lambda item: item.mimetype
				elif order == 'ctime':
					fnc = lambda item: -int(item.stat and item.stat.st_ctime)
				lst.sort(key=fnc)
				cwd.set_cycle_list(lst)
				return cwd.cycle(forward=None)

			return cwd.cycle(forward=forward)

	def set_search_method(self, order, forward=True):
		if order in ('search', 'tag', 'size', 'mimetype', 'ctime'):
			self.search_method = order
			self.search_forward = forward

	# --------------------------
	# -- Tags
	# --------------------------
	# Tags are saved in ~/.ranger/tagged and simply mark if a
	# file is important to you in any context.

	def tag_toggle(self, movedown=None):
		try:
			toggle = self.tags.toggle
		except AttributeError:
			return

		sel = self.env.get_selection()
		toggle(*tuple(map(lambda x: x.realpath, sel)))

		if movedown is None:
			movedown = len(sel) == 1
		if movedown:
			self.move(down=1)

		if hasattr(self.ui, 'redraw_main_column'):
			self.ui.redraw_main_column()

	def tag_remove(self, movedown=None):
		try:
			remove = self.tags.remove
		except AttributeError:
			return

		sel = self.env.get_selection()
		remove(*tuple(map(lambda x: x.realpath, sel)))

		if movedown is None:
			movedown = len(sel) == 1
		if movedown:
			self.move(down=1)

		if hasattr(self.ui, 'redraw_main_column'):
			self.ui.redraw_main_column()

	# --------------------------
	# -- Bookmarks
	# --------------------------
	# Using ranger.container.bookmarks.

	def enter_bookmark(self, key):
		"""Enter the bookmark with the name <key>"""
		try:
			destination = self.bookmarks[key]
			cwd = self.env.cwd
			if destination.path != cwd.path:
				self.bookmarks.enter(key)
				self.bookmarks.remember(cwd)
		except KeyError:
			pass

	def set_bookmark(self, key):
		"""Set the bookmark with the name <key> to the current directory"""
		self.bookmarks[key] = self.env.cwd

	def unset_bookmark(self, key):
		"""Delete the bookmark with the name <key>"""
		self.bookmarks.delete(key)

	def draw_bookmarks(self):
		self.ui.browser.draw_bookmarks = True

	def hide_bookmarks(self):
		self.ui.browser.draw_bookmarks = False

	# --------------------------
	# -- Pager
	# --------------------------
	# These commands open the built-in pager and set specific sources.

	def display_command_help(self, console_widget):
		if not hasattr(self.ui, 'open_pager'):
			return

		try:
			command = console_widget._get_cmd_class()
		except:
			self.notify("Feature not available!", bad=True)
			return

		if not command:
			self.notify("Command not found!", bad=True)
			return

		if not command.__doc__:
			self.notify("Command has no docstring. Try using python without -OO",
					bad=True)
			return

		pager = self.ui.open_pager()
		lines = cleandoc(command.__doc__).split('\n')
		pager.set_source(lines)

	def display_help(self, topic='index', narg=None):
		if not hasattr(self.ui, 'open_pager'):
			return

		from ranger.help import get_help, get_help_by_index

		if narg is not None:
			help_text = get_help_by_index(narg)
		else:
			help_text = get_help(topic)

		pager = self.ui.open_pager()
		pager.markup = 'help'
		lines = help_text.split('\n')
		pager.set_source(lines)

	def display_log(self):
		if not hasattr(self.ui, 'open_pager'):
			return

		pager = self.ui.open_pager()
		if self.log:
			pager.set_source(["Message Log:"] + list(self.log))
		else:
			pager.set_source(["Message Log:", "No messages!"])

	def display_file(self):
		if not hasattr(self.ui, 'open_embedded_pager'):
			return

		try:
			f = open(self.env.cf.path, 'r')
		except:
			pass
		else:
			pager = self.ui.open_embedded_pager()
			pager.set_source(f)

	# --------------------------
	# -- Tabs
	# --------------------------
	# This implementation of tabs is very simple and keeps track of
	# directory paths only.

	def tab_open(self, name, path=None):
		do_emit_signal = name != self.current_tab
		self.current_tab = name
		if path or (name in self.tabs):
			self.enter_dir(path or self.tabs[name])
		else:
			self._update_current_tab()
		if do_emit_signal:
			self.signal_emit('tab.change')

	def tab_close(self, name=None):
		if name is None:
			name = self.current_tab
		if name == self.current_tab:
			direction = -1 if name == self._get_tab_list()[-1] else 1
			previous = self.current_tab
			self.tab_move(direction)
			if previous == self.current_tab:
				return  # can't close last tab
		if name in self.tabs:
			del self.tabs[name]

	def tab_move(self, offset):
		assert isinstance(offset, int)
		tablist = self._get_tab_list()
		current_index = tablist.index(self.current_tab)
		newtab = tablist[(current_index + offset) % len(tablist)]
		if newtab != self.current_tab:
			self.tab_open(newtab)

	def tab_new(self):
		for i in range(1, 10):
			if not i in self.tabs:
				self.tab_open(i)
				break

	def _get_tab_list(self):
		assert len(self.tabs) > 0, "There must be >=1 tabs at all times"
		return sorted(self.tabs)

	def _update_current_tab(self):
		self.tabs[self.current_tab] = self.env.cwd.path

	# --------------------------
	# -- File System Operations
	# --------------------------

	def uncut(self):
		self.env.copy = set()
		self.env.cut = False
		self.ui.browser.main_column.request_redraw()

	def copy(self, narg=None, dirarg=None):
		"""Copy the selected items"""
		cwd = self.env.cwd
		if not narg and not dirarg:
			selected = (f for f in self.env.get_selection() if f in cwd.files)
		else:
			if not dirarg and narg:
				direction = Direction(down=1)
				offset = 0
			else:
				direction = Direction(dirarg)
				offset = 1
			pos, selected = direction.select(
					override=narg, lst=cwd.files, current=cwd.pointer,
					pagesize=self.env.termsize[0], offset=offset)
			self.env.cwd.pointer = pos
			self.env.cwd.correct_pointer()
		self.env.copy = set(selected)
		self.env.cut = False
		self.ui.browser.main_column.request_redraw()

	def cut(self, narg=None, dirarg=None):
		self.copy(narg=narg, dirarg=dirarg)
		self.env.cut = True
		self.ui.browser.main_column.request_redraw()

	def paste_symlink(self):
		copied_files = self.env.copy
		for f in copied_files:
			try:
				symlink(f.path, join(getcwd(), f.basename))
			except Exception as x:
				self.notify(x)

	def paste(self, overwrite=False):
		"""Paste the selected items into the current directory"""
		copied_files = tuple(self.env.copy)

		if not copied_files:
			return

		original_path = self.env.cwd.path
		try:
			one_file = copied_files[0]
		except:
			one_file = None

		if self.env.cut:
			self.env.copy.clear()
			self.env.cut = False
			if len(copied_files) == 1:
				descr = "moving: " + one_file.path
			else:
				descr = "moving files from: " + one_file.dirname
			def generate():
				for f in copied_files:
					for _ in shutil_g.move(src=f.path,
							dst=original_path,
							overwrite=overwrite):
						yield
				cwd = self.env.get_directory(original_path)
				cwd.load_content()
		else:
			if len(copied_files) == 1:
				descr = "copying: " + one_file.path
			else:
				descr = "copying files from: " + one_file.dirname
			def generate():
				for f in self.env.copy:
					if isdir(f.path):
						for _ in shutil_g.copytree(src=f.path,
								dst=join(self.env.cwd.path, f.basename),
								symlinks=True,
								overwrite=overwrite):
							yield
					else:
						for _ in shutil_g.copy2(f.path, original_path,
								symlinks=True,
								overwrite=overwrite):
							yield
				cwd = self.env.get_directory(original_path)
				cwd.load_content()

		self.loader.add(LoadableObject(generate(), descr))

	def delete(self):
		self.notify("Deleting!", duration=1)
		selected = self.env.get_selection()
		self.env.copy -= set(selected)
		if selected:
			for f in selected:
				if isdir(f.path) and not os.path.islink(f.path):
					try:
						shutil.rmtree(f.path)
					except OSError as err:
						self.notify(err)
				else:
					try:
						os.remove(f.path)
					except OSError as err:
						self.notify(err)
		self.env.ensure_correct_pointer()

	def mkdir(self, name):
		try:
			os.mkdir(os.path.join(self.env.cwd.path, name))
		except OSError as err:
			self.notify(err)

	def rename(self, src, dest):
		if hasattr(src, 'path'):
			src = src.path

		try:
			os.rename(src, dest)
		except OSError as err:
			self.notify(err)