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path: root/util.c
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/*
 * (C)opyright MMVI Anselm R. Garbe <garbeam at gmail dot com>
 * See LICENSE file for license details.
 */
#include "dwm.h"
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>

/* static */

static void
bad_malloc(unsigned int size)
{
	eprint("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", size);
}

/* extern */

void *
emallocz(unsigned int size)
{
	void *res = calloc(1, size);

	if(!res)
		bad_malloc(size);
	return res;
}

void
eprint(const char *errstr, ...)
{
	va_list ap;

	va_start(ap, errstr);
	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
	va_end(ap);
	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}

void *
erealloc(void *ptr, unsigned int size)
{
	void *res = realloc(ptr, size);
	if(!res)
		bad_malloc(size);
	return res;
}

void
spawn(Arg *arg)
{
	static char *shell = NULL;

	if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
		shell = "/bin/sh";

	if(!arg->cmd)
		return;
	if(fork() == 0) {
		if(fork() == 0) {
			if(dpy)
				close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
			setsid();
			execl(shell, shell, "-c", arg->cmd, NULL);
			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, arg->cmd);
			perror(" failed");
		}
		exit(0);
	}
	wait(0);
}
PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> <html><head><title>Python: module ranger.gui.displayable</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> </head><body bgcolor="#f0f0f8"> <table width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=0 summary="heading"> <tr bgcolor="#7799ee"> <td valign=bottom>&nbsp;<br> <font color="#ffffff" face="helvetica, arial">&nbsp;<br><big><big><strong><a href="ranger.html"><font color="#ffffff">ranger</font></a>.<a href="ranger.gui.html"><font color="#ffffff">gui</font></a>.displayable</strong></big></big></font></td ><td align=right valign=bottom ><font color="#ffffff" face="helvetica, arial"><a href=".">index</a><br><a href="file:/home/hut/work/ranger/ranger/gui/displayable.py">/home/hut/work/ranger/ranger/gui/displayable.py</a></font></td></tr></table> <p></p> <p> <table width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=0 summary="section"> <tr bgcolor="#ee77aa"> <td colspan=3 valign=bottom>&nbsp;<br> <font color="#ffffff" face="helvetica, arial"><big><strong>Classes</strong></big></font></td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#ee77aa"><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td>&nbsp;</td> <td width="100%"><dl> <dt><font face="helvetica, arial"><a href="builtins.html#Exception">builtins.Exception</a>(<a href="builtins.html#BaseException">builtins.BaseException</a>) </font></dt><dd> <dl> <dt><font face="helvetica, arial"><a href="ranger.gui.displayable.html#OutOfBoundsException">OutOfBoundsException</a> </font></dt></dl> </dd> <dt><font face="helvetica, arial"><a href="ranger.shared.html#EnvironmentAware">ranger.shared.EnvironmentAware</a>(<a href="ranger.shared.html#Awareness">ranger.shared.Awareness</a>) </font></dt><dd> <dl> <dt><font face="helvetica, arial"><a href="ranger.gui.displayable.html#Displayable">Displayable</a>(<a href="ranger.shared.html#EnvironmentAware">ranger.shared.EnvironmentAware</a>, <a href="ranger.shared.html#FileManagerAware">ranger.shared.FileManagerAware</a>, <a href="ranger.shared.settings.html#SettingsAware">ranger.shared.settings.SettingsAware</a>) </font></dt><dd> <dl> <dt><font face="helvetica, arial"><a href="ranger.gui.displayable.html#DisplayableContainer">DisplayableContainer</a> </font></dt></dl> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt><font face="helvetica, arial"><a href="ranger.shared.html#FileManagerAware">ranger.shared.FileManagerAware</a>(<a href="ranger.shared.html#Awareness">ranger.shared.Awareness</a>) </font></dt><dd> <dl> <dt><font face="helvetica, arial"><a href="ranger.gui.displayable.html#Displayable">Displayable</a>(<a href="ranger.shared.html#EnvironmentAware">ranger.shared.EnvironmentAware</a>, <a href="ranger.shared.html#FileManagerAware">ranger.shared.FileManagerAware</a>, <a href="ranger.shared.settings.html#SettingsAware">ranger.shared.settings.SettingsAware</a>) </font></dt><dd> <dl> <dt><font face="helvetica, arial"><a href="ranger.gui.displayable.html#DisplayableContainer">DisplayableContainer</a> </font></dt></dl> </dd> </dl> </dd> <dt><font face="helvetica, arial"><a href="ranger.shared.settings.html#SettingsAware">ranger.shared.settings.SettingsAware</a>(<a href="builtins.html#object">builtins.object</a>) </font></dt><dd> <dl> <dt><font face="helvetica, arial"><a href="ranger.gui.displayable.html#Displayable">Displayable</a>(<a href="ranger.shared.html#EnvironmentAware">ranger.shared.EnvironmentAware</a>, <a href="ranger.shared.html#FileManagerAware">ranger.shared.FileManagerAware</a>, <a href="ranger.shared.settings.html#SettingsAware">ranger.shared.settings.SettingsAware</a>) </font></dt><dd> <dl> <dt><font face="helvetica, arial"><a href="ranger.gui.displayable.html#DisplayableContainer">DisplayableContainer</a> </font></dt></dl> </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> <p> <table width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=0 summary="section"> <tr bgcolor="#ffc8d8"> <td colspan=3 valign=bottom>&nbsp;<br> <font color="#000000" face="helvetica, arial"><a name="Displayable">class <strong>Displayable</strong></a>(<a href="ranger.shared.html#EnvironmentAware">ranger.shared.EnvironmentAware</a>, <a href="ranger.shared.html#FileManagerAware">ranger.shared.FileManagerAware</a>, <a href="ranger.shared.settings.html#SettingsAware">ranger.shared.settings.SettingsAware</a>)</font></td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#ffc8d8"><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td>&nbsp;</td> <td width="100%"><dl><dt>Method resolution order:</dt> <dd><a href="ranger.gui.displayable.html#Displayable">Displayable</a></dd> <dd><a href="ranger.shared.html#EnvironmentAware">ranger.shared.EnvironmentAware</a></dd> <dd><a href="ranger.shared.html#FileManagerAware">ranger.shared.FileManagerAware</a></dd> <dd><a href="ranger.shared.html#Awareness">ranger.shared.Awareness</a></dd> <dd><a href="ranger.shared.settings.html#SettingsAware">ranger.shared.settings.SettingsAware</a></dd> <dd><a href="builtins.html#object">builtins.object</a></dd> </dl> <hr> Methods defined here:<br> <dl><dt><a name="Displayable-__contains__"><strong>__contains__</strong></a>(self, item)</dt><dd><tt>Is&nbsp;item&nbsp;inside&nbsp;the&nbsp;boundaries?<br> item&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;an&nbsp;iterable&nbsp;like&nbsp;[y,&nbsp;x]&nbsp;or&nbsp;an&nbsp;object&nbsp;with&nbsp;x&nbsp;and&nbsp;y&nbsp;methods.</tt></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a name="Displayable-__init__"><strong>__init__</strong></a>(self, win, env<font color="#909090">=None</font>, fm<font color="#909090">=None</font>, settings<font color="#909090">=None</font>)</dt></dl> <dl><dt><a name="Displayable-__nonzero__"><strong>__nonzero__</strong></a>(self)</dt><dd><tt>Always&nbsp;True</tt></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a name="Displayable-click"><strong>click</strong></a>(self, event)</dt><dd><tt>Called&nbsp;when&nbsp;a&nbsp;mouse&nbsp;key&nbsp;is&nbsp;pressed&nbsp;and&nbsp;self.<strong>focused</strong>&nbsp;is&nbsp;True.<br> Override&nbsp;this!</tt></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a name="Displayable-color"><strong>color</strong></a>(self, keylist<font color="#909090">=None</font>, *keys)</dt><dd><tt>Change&nbsp;the&nbsp;colors&nbsp;from&nbsp;now&nbsp;on.</tt></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a name="Displayable-color_at"><strong>color_at</strong></a>(self, y, x, wid, keylist<font color="#909090">=None</font>, *keys)</dt><dd><tt>Change&nbsp;the&nbsp;colors&nbsp;at&nbsp;the&nbsp;specified&nbsp;position</tt></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a name="Displayable-color_reset"><strong>color_reset</strong></a>(self)</dt><dd><tt>Change&nbsp;the&nbsp;colors&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;default&nbsp;colors</tt></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a name="Displayable-contains_point"><strong>contains_point</strong></a>(self, y, x)</dt><dd><tt>Test&nbsp;if&nbsp;the&nbsp;point&nbsp;lies&nbsp;within&nbsp;the&nbsp;boundaries&nbsp;of&nbsp;this&nbsp;object</tt></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a name="Displayable-destroy"><strong>destroy</strong></a>(self)</dt><dd><tt>Called&nbsp;when&nbsp;the&nbsp;object&nbsp;is&nbsp;destroyed.<br> Override&nbsp;this!</tt></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a name="Displayable-draw"><strong>draw</strong></a>(self)</dt><dd><tt>Draw&nbsp;displayable.&nbsp;&nbsp;Called&nbsp;on&nbsp;every&nbsp;main&nbsp;iteration&nbsp;if&nbsp;the&nbsp;object<br> is&nbsp;visible.&nbsp;&nbsp;Override&nbsp;this!</tt></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a name="Displayable-finalize"><strong>finalize</strong></a>(self)</dt><dd><tt>Called&nbsp;after&nbsp;every&nbsp;displayable&nbsp;is&nbsp;done&nbsp;drawing.<br> Override&nbsp;this!</tt></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a name="Displayable-poke"><strong>poke</strong></a>(self)</dt><dd><tt>Called&nbsp;before&nbsp;drawing,&nbsp;even&nbsp;if&nbsp;invisible</tt></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a name="Displayable-press"><strong>press</strong></a>(self, key)</dt><dd><tt>Called&nbsp;when&nbsp;a&nbsp;key&nbsp;is&nbsp;pressed&nbsp;and&nbsp;self.<strong>focused</strong>&nbsp;is&nbsp;True.<br> Override&nbsp;this!</tt></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a name="Displayable-resize"><strong>resize</strong></a>(self, y, x, hei<font color="#909090">=None</font>, wid<font color="#909090">=None</font>)</dt><dd><tt>Resize&nbsp;the&nbsp;widget</tt></dd></dl> <hr> Data and other attributes defined here:<br> <dl><dt><strong>colorscheme</strong> = None</dl> <dl><dt><strong>focused</strong> = False</dl> <dl><dt><strong>visible</strong> = True</dl> <dl><dt><strong>win</strong> = None</dl> <hr> Data and other attributes inherited from <a href="ranger.shared.html#EnvironmentAware">ranger.shared.EnvironmentAware</a>:<br> <dl><dt><strong>env</strong> = None</dl> <hr> Data and other attributes inherited from <a href="ranger.shared.html#FileManagerAware">ranger.shared.FileManagerAware</a>:<br> <dl><dt><strong>fm</strong> = None</dl> <hr> Data descriptors inherited from <a href="ranger.shared.html#Awareness">ranger.shared.Awareness</a>:<br> <dl><dt><strong>__dict__</strong></dt> <dd><tt>dictionary&nbsp;for&nbsp;instance&nbsp;variables&nbsp;(if&nbsp;defined)</tt></dd> </dl> <dl><dt><strong>__weakref__</strong></dt> <dd><tt>list&nbsp;of&nbsp;weak&nbsp;references&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;object&nbsp;(if&nbsp;defined)</tt></dd> </dl> <hr> Data and other attributes inherited from <a href="ranger.shared.settings.html#SettingsAware">ranger.shared.settings.SettingsAware</a>:<br> <dl><dt><strong>settings</strong> = &lt;ranger.ext.openstruct.OpenStruct object at 0x154e450&gt;</dl> </td></tr></table> <p> <table width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=0 summary="section"> <tr bgcolor="#ffc8d8"> <td colspan=3 valign=bottom>&nbsp;<br> <font color="#000000" face="helvetica, arial"><a name="DisplayableContainer">class <strong>DisplayableContainer</strong></a>(<a href="ranger.gui.displayable.html#Displayable">Displayable</a>)</font></td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#ffc8d8"><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td>&nbsp;</td> <td width="100%"><dl><dt>Method resolution order:</dt> <dd><a href="ranger.gui.displayable.html#DisplayableContainer">DisplayableContainer</a></dd> <dd><a href="ranger.gui.displayable.html#Displayable">Displayable</a></dd> <dd><a href="ranger.shared.html#EnvironmentAware">ranger.shared.EnvironmentAware</a></dd> <dd><a href="ranger.shared.html#FileManagerAware">ranger.shared.FileManagerAware</a></dd> <dd><a href="ranger.shared.html#Awareness">ranger.shared.Awareness</a></dd> <dd><a href="ranger.shared.settings.html#SettingsAware">ranger.shared.settings.SettingsAware</a></dd> <dd><a href="builtins.html#object">builtins.object</a></dd> </dl> <hr> Methods defined here:<br> <dl><dt><a name="DisplayableContainer-__init__"><strong>__init__</strong></a>(self, win, env<font color="#909090">=None</font>, fm<font color="#909090">=None</font>, settings<font color="#909090">=None</font>)</dt></dl> <dl><dt><a name="DisplayableContainer-add_obj"><strong>add_obj</strong></a>(self, *objs)</dt></dl> <dl><dt><a name="DisplayableContainer-click"><strong>click</strong></a>(self, event)</dt><dd><tt>Recursively&nbsp;called&nbsp;on&nbsp;objects&nbsp;in&nbsp;container</tt></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a name="DisplayableContainer-destroy"><strong>destroy</strong></a>(self)</dt><dd><tt>Recursively&nbsp;called&nbsp;on&nbsp;objects&nbsp;in&nbsp;container</tt></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a name="DisplayableContainer-draw"><strong>draw</strong></a>(self)</dt><dd><tt>Recursively&nbsp;called&nbsp;on&nbsp;visible&nbsp;objects&nbsp;in&nbsp;container</tt></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a name="DisplayableContainer-finalize"><strong>finalize</strong></a>(self)</dt><dd><tt>Recursively&nbsp;called&nbsp;on&nbsp;visible&nbsp;objects&nbsp;in&nbsp;container</tt></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a name="DisplayableContainer-get_focused_obj"><strong>get_focused_obj</strong></a>(self)</dt><dd><tt>Finds&nbsp;a&nbsp;focused&nbsp;displayable&nbsp;object&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;container.</tt></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a name="DisplayableContainer-poke"><strong>poke</strong></a>(self)</dt><dd><tt>Recursively&nbsp;called&nbsp;on&nbsp;objects&nbsp;in&nbsp;container</tt></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a name="DisplayableContainer-press"><strong>press</strong></a>(self, key)</dt><dd><tt>Recursively&nbsp;called&nbsp;on&nbsp;objects&nbsp;in&nbsp;container</tt></dd></dl> <hr> Data and other attributes defined here:<br> <dl><dt><strong>container</strong> = None</dl> <hr> Methods inherited from <a href="ranger.gui.displayable.html#Displayable">Displayable</a>:<br> <dl><dt><a name="DisplayableContainer-__contains__"><strong>__contains__</strong></a>(self, item)</dt><dd><tt>Is&nbsp;item&nbsp;inside&nbsp;the&nbsp;boundaries?<br> item&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;an&nbsp;iterable&nbsp;like&nbsp;[y,&nbsp;x]&nbsp;or&nbsp;an&nbsp;object&nbsp;with&nbsp;x&nbsp;and&nbsp;y&nbsp;methods.</tt></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a name="DisplayableContainer-__nonzero__"><strong>__nonzero__</strong></a>(self)</dt><dd><tt>Always&nbsp;True</tt></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a name="DisplayableContainer-color"><strong>color</strong></a>(self, keylist<font color="#909090">=None</font>, *keys)</dt><dd><tt>Change&nbsp;the&nbsp;colors&nbsp;from&nbsp;now&nbsp;on.</tt></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a name="DisplayableContainer-color_at"><strong>color_at</strong></a>(self, y, x, wid, keylist<font color="#909090">=None</font>, *keys)</dt><dd><tt>Change&nbsp;the&nbsp;colors&nbsp;at&nbsp;the&nbsp;specified&nbsp;position</tt></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a name="DisplayableContainer-color_reset"><strong>color_reset</strong></a>(self)</dt><dd><tt>Change&nbsp;the&nbsp;colors&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;default&nbsp;colors</tt></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a name="DisplayableContainer-contains_point"><strong>contains_point</strong></a>(self, y, x)</dt><dd><tt>Test&nbsp;if&nbsp;the&nbsp;point&nbsp;lies&nbsp;within&nbsp;the&nbsp;boundaries&nbsp;of&nbsp;this&nbsp;object</tt></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a name="DisplayableContainer-resize"><strong>resize</strong></a>(self, y, x, hei<font color="#909090">=None</font>, wid<font color="#909090">=None</font>)</dt><dd><tt>Resize&nbsp;the&nbsp;widget</tt></dd></dl> <hr> Data and other attributes inherited from <a href="ranger.gui.displayable.html#Displayable">Displayable</a>:<br> <dl><dt><strong>colorscheme</strong> = None</dl> <dl><dt><strong>focused</strong> = False</dl> <dl><dt><strong>visible</strong> = True</dl> <dl><dt><strong>win</strong> = None</dl> <hr> Data and other attributes inherited from <a href="ranger.shared.html#EnvironmentAware">ranger.shared.EnvironmentAware</a>:<br> <dl><dt><strong>env</strong> = None</dl> <hr> Data and other attributes inherited from <a href="ranger.shared.html#FileManagerAware">ranger.shared.FileManagerAware</a>:<br> <dl><dt><strong>fm</strong> = None</dl> <hr> Data descriptors inherited from <a href="ranger.shared.html#Awareness">ranger.shared.Awareness</a>:<br> <dl><dt><strong>__dict__</strong></dt> <dd><tt>dictionary&nbsp;for&nbsp;instance&nbsp;variables&nbsp;(if&nbsp;defined)</tt></dd> </dl> <dl><dt><strong>__weakref__</strong></dt> <dd><tt>list&nbsp;of&nbsp;weak&nbsp;references&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;object&nbsp;(if&nbsp;defined)</tt></dd> </dl> <hr> Data and other attributes inherited from <a href="ranger.shared.settings.html#SettingsAware">ranger.shared.settings.SettingsAware</a>:<br> <dl><dt><strong>settings</strong> = &lt;ranger.ext.openstruct.OpenStruct object at 0x154e450&gt;</dl> </td></tr></table> <p> <table width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=0 summary="section"> <tr bgcolor="#ffc8d8"> <td colspan=3 valign=bottom>&nbsp;<br> <font color="#000000" face="helvetica, arial"><a name="OutOfBoundsException">class <strong>OutOfBoundsException</strong></a>(<a href="builtins.html#Exception">builtins.Exception</a>)</font></td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#ffc8d8"><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td>&nbsp;</td> <td width="100%"><dl><dt>Method resolution order:</dt> <dd><a href="ranger.gui.displayable.html#OutOfBoundsException">OutOfBoundsException</a></dd> <dd><a href="builtins.html#Exception">builtins.Exception</a></dd> <dd><a href="builtins.html#BaseException">builtins.BaseException</a></dd> <dd><a href="builtins.html#object">builtins.object</a></dd> </dl> <hr> Data descriptors defined here:<br> <dl><dt><strong>__weakref__</strong></dt> <dd><tt>list&nbsp;of&nbsp;weak&nbsp;references&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;object&nbsp;(if&nbsp;defined)</tt></dd> </dl> <hr> Methods inherited from <a href="builtins.html#Exception">builtins.Exception</a>:<br> <dl><dt><a name="OutOfBoundsException-__init__"><strong>__init__</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt>x.<a href="#OutOfBoundsException-__init__">__init__</a>(...)&nbsp;initializes&nbsp;x;&nbsp;see&nbsp;x.__class__.__doc__&nbsp;for&nbsp;signature</tt></dd></dl> <hr> Data and other attributes inherited from <a href="builtins.html#Exception">builtins.Exception</a>:<br> <dl><dt><strong>__new__</strong> = &lt;built-in method __new__ of type object at 0x7f327d94a120&gt;<dd><tt>T.<a href="#OutOfBoundsException-__new__">__new__</a>(S,&nbsp;...)&nbsp;-&gt;&nbsp;a&nbsp;new&nbsp;object&nbsp;with&nbsp;type&nbsp;S,&nbsp;a&nbsp;subtype&nbsp;of&nbsp;T</tt></dl> <hr> Methods inherited from <a href="builtins.html#BaseException">builtins.BaseException</a>:<br> <dl><dt><a name="OutOfBoundsException-__delattr__"><strong>__delattr__</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt>x.<a href="#OutOfBoundsException-__delattr__">__delattr__</a>('name')&nbsp;&lt;==&gt;&nbsp;del&nbsp;x.name</tt></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a name="OutOfBoundsException-__getattribute__"><strong>__getattribute__</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt>x.<a href="#OutOfBoundsException-__getattribute__">__getattribute__</a>('name')&nbsp;&lt;==&gt;&nbsp;x.name</tt></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a name="OutOfBoundsException-__reduce__"><strong>__reduce__</strong></a>(...)</dt></dl> <dl><dt><a name="OutOfBoundsException-__repr__"><strong>__repr__</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt>x.<a href="#OutOfBoundsException-__repr__">__repr__</a>()&nbsp;&lt;==&gt;&nbsp;repr(x)</tt></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a name="OutOfBoundsException-__setattr__"><strong>__setattr__</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt>x.<a href="#OutOfBoundsException-__setattr__">__setattr__</a>('name',&nbsp;value)&nbsp;&lt;==&gt;&nbsp;x.name&nbsp;=&nbsp;value</tt></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a name="OutOfBoundsException-__setstate__"><strong>__setstate__</strong></a>(...)</dt></dl> <dl><dt><a name="OutOfBoundsException-__str__"><strong>__str__</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt>x.<a href="#OutOfBoundsException-__str__">__str__</a>()&nbsp;&lt;==&gt;&nbsp;str(x)</tt></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a name="OutOfBoundsException-with_traceback"><strong>with_traceback</strong></a>(...)</dt><dd><tt><a href="builtins.html#Exception">Exception</a>.<a href="#OutOfBoundsException-with_traceback">with_traceback</a>(tb)&nbsp;--<br> set&nbsp;self.<strong>__traceback__</strong>&nbsp;to&nbsp;tb&nbsp;and&nbsp;return&nbsp;self.</tt></dd></dl> <hr> Data descriptors inherited from <a href="builtins.html#BaseException">builtins.BaseException</a>:<br> <dl><dt><strong>__cause__</strong></dt> <dd><tt>exception&nbsp;cause</tt></dd> </dl> <dl><dt><strong>__context__</strong></dt> <dd><tt>exception&nbsp;context</tt></dd> </dl> <dl><dt><strong>__dict__</strong></dt> </dl> <dl><dt><strong>__traceback__</strong></dt> </dl> <dl><dt><strong>args</strong></dt> </dl> </td></tr></table></td></tr></table><p> <table width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=0 summary="section"> <tr bgcolor="#eeaa77"> <td colspan=3 valign=bottom>&nbsp;<br> <font color="#ffffff" face="helvetica, arial"><big><strong>Functions</strong></big></font></td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#eeaa77"><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></td><td>&nbsp;</td> <td width="100%"><dl><dt><a name="-combine"><strong>combine</strong></a>(seq, tup)</dt><dd><tt>Add&nbsp;seq&nbsp;and&nbsp;tup.&nbsp;Ensures&nbsp;that&nbsp;the&nbsp;result&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;tuple.</tt></dd></dl> </td></tr></table> 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