path: root/compiler/sem.nim

#
#
#           The Nim Compiler
#        (c) Copyright 2013 Andreas Rumpf
#
#    See the file "copying.txt", included in this
#    distribution, for details about the copyright.
#

# This module implements the semantic checking pass.

import
  ast, strutils, hashes, options, lexer, astalgo, trees, treetab,
  wordrecg, ropes, msgs, os, condsyms, idents, renderer, types, platform, math,
  magicsys, parser, nversion, nimsets, semfold, modulepaths, importer,
  procfind, lookups, rodread, pragmas, passes, semdata, semtypinst, sigmatch,
  intsets, transf, vmdef, vm, idgen, aliases, cgmeth, lambdalifting,
  evaltempl, patterns, parampatterns, sempass2, nimfix.pretty, semmacrosanity,
  semparallel, lowerings, pluginsupport, plugins.active, rod, configuration

from modulegraphs import ModuleGraph

when defined(nimfix):
  import nimfix.prettybase

# implementation

proc semExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode {.procvar.}
proc semExprWithType(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode {.
  procvar.}
proc semExprNoType(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode
proc semExprNoDeref(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode
proc semProcBody(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode

proc fitNode(c: PContext, formal: PType, arg: PNode; info: TLineInfo): PNode
proc changeType(c: PContext; n: PNode, newType: PType, check: bool)

proc semLambda(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode
proc semTypeNode(c: PContext, n: PNode, prev: PType): PType
proc semStmt(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode
proc semOpAux(c: PContext, n: PNode)
proc semParamList(c: PContext, n, genericParams: PNode, s: PSym)
proc addParams(c: PContext, n: PNode, kind: TSymKind)
proc maybeAddResult(c: PContext, s: PSym, n: PNode)
proc tryExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode
proc activate(c: PContext, n: PNode)
proc semQuoteAst(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode
proc finishMethod(c: PContext, s: PSym)
proc evalAtCompileTime(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode
proc indexTypesMatch(c: PContext, f, a: PType, arg: PNode): PNode

proc isArrayConstr(n: PNode): bool {.inline.} =
  result = n.kind == nkBracket and
    n.typ.skipTypes(abstractInst).kind == tyArray

template semIdeForTemplateOrGenericCheck(n, requiresCheck) =
  # we check quickly if the node is where the cursor is
  when defined(nimsuggest):
    if n.info.fileIndex == gTrackPos.fileIndex and n.info.line == gTrackPos.line:
      requiresCheck = true

template semIdeForTemplateOrGeneric(c: PContext; n: PNode;
                                    requiresCheck: bool) =
  # use only for idetools support; this is pretty slow so generics and
  # templates perform some quick check whether the cursor is actually in
  # the generic or template.
  when defined(nimsuggest):
    if c.config.cmd == cmdIdeTools and requiresCheck:
      #if optIdeDebug in gGlobalOptions:
      #  echo "passing to safeSemExpr: ", renderTree(n)
      discard safeSemExpr(c, n)

proc fitNode(c: PContext, formal: PType, arg: PNode; info: TLineInfo): PNode =
  if arg.typ.isNil:
    localError(c.config, arg.info, "expression has no type: " &
               renderTree(arg, {renderNoComments}))
    # error correction:
    result = copyTree(arg)
    result.typ = formal
  else:
    result = indexTypesMatch(c, formal, arg.typ, arg)
    if result == nil:
      typeMismatch(c.config, info, formal, arg.typ)
      # error correction:
      result = copyTree(arg)
      result.typ = formal
    else:
      let x = result.skipConv
      if x.kind in {nkPar, nkTupleConstr} and formal.kind != tyExpr:
        changeType(c, x, formal, check=true)
      else:
        result = skipHiddenSubConv(result)
        #result.typ = takeType(formal, arg.typ)
        #echo arg.info, " picked ", result.typ.typeToString

proc inferWithMetatype(c: PContext, formal: PType,
                       arg: PNode, coerceDistincts = false): PNode

var commonTypeBegin = PType(kind: tyExpr)

proc commonType*(x, y: PType): PType =
  # new type relation that is used for array constructors,
  # if expressions, etc.:
  if x == nil: return x
  if y == nil: return y
  var a = skipTypes(x, {tyGenericInst, tyAlias, tySink})
  var b = skipTypes(y, {tyGenericInst, tyAlias, tySink})
  result = x
  if a.kind in {tyExpr, tyNil}: result = y
  elif b.kind in {tyExpr, tyNil}: result = x
  elif a.kind == tyStmt: result = a
  elif b.kind == tyStmt: result = b
  elif a.kind == tyTypeDesc:
    # turn any concrete typedesc into the abstract typedesc type
    if a.sons == nil: result = a
    else:
      result = newType(tyTypeDesc, a.owner)
      rawAddSon(result, newType(tyNone, a.owner))
  elif b.kind in {tyArray, tySet, tySequence} and
      a.kind == b.kind:
    # check for seq[empty] vs. seq[int]
    let idx = ord(b.kind == tyArray)
    if a.sons[idx].kind == tyEmpty: return y
  elif a.kind == tyTuple and b.kind == tyTuple and a.len == b.len:
    var nt: PType
    for i in 0..<a.len:
      let aEmpty = isEmptyContainer(a.sons[i])
      let bEmpty = isEmptyContainer(b.sons[i])
      if aEmpty != bEmpty:
        if nt.isNil: nt = copyType(a, a.owner, false)
        nt.sons[i] = if aEmpty: b.sons[i] else: a.sons[i]
    if not nt.isNil: result = nt
    #elif b.sons[idx].kind == tyEmpty: return x
  elif a.kind == tyRange and b.kind == tyRange:
    # consider:  (range[0..3], range[0..4]) here. We should make that
    # range[0..4]. But then why is (range[0..4], 6) not range[0..6]?
    # But then why is (2,4) not range[2..4]? But I think this would break
    # too much code. So ... it's the same range or the base type. This means
    #  type(if b: 0 else 1) == int and not range[0..1]. For now. In the long
    # run people expect ranges to work properly within a tuple.
    if not sameType(a, b):
      result = skipTypes(a, {tyRange}).skipIntLit
    when false:
      if a.kind != tyRange and b.kind == tyRange:
        # XXX This really needs a better solution, but a proper fix now breaks
        # code.
        result = a #.skipIntLit
      elif a.kind == tyRange and b.kind != tyRange:
        result = b #.skipIntLit
      elif a.kind in IntegralTypes and a.n != nil:
        result = a #.skipIntLit
  else:
    var k = tyNone
    if a.kind in {tyRef, tyPtr}:
      k = a.kind
      if b.kind != a.kind: return x
      # bug #7601, array construction of ptr generic
      a = a.lastSon.skipTypes({tyGenericInst})
      b = b.lastSon.skipTypes({tyGenericInst})
    if a.kind == tyObject and b.kind == tyObject:
      result = commonSuperclass(a, b, k)
      # this will trigger an error later:
      if result.isNil or result == a: return x
      if result == b: return y
      if k != tyNone:
        let r = result
        result = newType(k, r.owner)
        result.addSonSkipIntLit(r)

proc endsInNoReturn(n: PNode): bool =
  # check if expr ends in raise exception or call of noreturn proc
  var it = n
  while it.kind in {nkStmtList, nkStmtListExpr} and it.len > 0:
    it = it.lastSon
  result = it.kind == nkRaiseStmt or
    it.kind in nkCallKinds and it[0].kind == nkSym and sfNoReturn in it[0].sym.flags

proc commonType*(x: PType, y: PNode): PType =
  # ignore exception raising branches in case/if expressions
  if endsInNoReturn(y): return x
  commonType(x, y.typ)

proc newSymS(kind: TSymKind, n: PNode, c: PContext): PSym =
  result = newSym(kind, considerQuotedIdent(c.config, n), getCurrOwner(c), n.info)
  when defined(nimsuggest):
    suggestDecl(c, n, result)

proc newSymG*(kind: TSymKind, n: PNode, c: PContext): PSym =
  proc `$`(kind: TSymKind): string = substr(system.`$`(kind), 2).toLowerAscii

  # like newSymS, but considers gensym'ed symbols
  if n.kind == nkSym:
    # and sfGenSym in n.sym.flags:
    result = n.sym
    if result.kind != kind:
      localError(c.config, n.info, "cannot use symbol of kind '" &
                 $result.kind & "' as a '" & $kind & "'")
    if sfGenSym in result.flags and result.kind notin {skTemplate, skMacro, skParam}:
      # declarative context, so produce a fresh gensym:
      result = copySym(result)
      result.ast = n.sym.ast
      put(c.p, n.sym, result)
    # when there is a nested proc inside a template, semtmpl
    # will assign a wrong owner during the first pass over the
    # template; we must fix it here: see #909
    result.owner = getCurrOwner(c)
  else:
    result = newSym(kind, considerQuotedIdent(c.config, n), getCurrOwner(c), n.info)
  #if kind in {skForVar, skLet, skVar} and result.owner.kind == skModule:
  #  incl(result.flags, sfGlobal)
  when defined(nimsuggest):
    suggestDecl(c, n, result)

proc semIdentVis(c: PContext, kind: TSymKind, n: PNode,
                 allowed: TSymFlags): PSym
  # identifier with visibility
proc semIdentWithPragma(c: PContext, kind: TSymKind, n: PNode,
                        allowed: TSymFlags): PSym

proc typeAllowedCheck(conf: ConfigRef; info: TLineInfo; typ: PType; kind: TSymKind;
                      flags: TTypeAllowedFlags = {}) =
  let t = typeAllowed(typ, kind, flags)
  if t != nil:
    if t == typ:
      localError(conf, info, "invalid type: '" & typeToString(typ) &
        "' for " & substr($kind, 2).toLowerAscii)
    else:
      localError(conf, info, "invalid type: '" & typeToString(t) &
        "' in this context: '" & typeToString(typ) &
        "' for " & substr($kind, 2).toLowerAscii)

proc paramsTypeCheck(c: PContext, typ: PType) {.inline.} =
  typeAllowedCheck(c.config, typ.n.info, typ, skProc)

proc expectMacroOrTemplateCall(c: PContext, n: PNode): PSym
proc semDirectOp(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode
proc semWhen(c: PContext, n: PNode, semCheck: bool = true): PNode
proc semTemplateExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode, s: PSym,
                     flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode
proc semMacroExpr(c: PContext, n, nOrig: PNode, sym: PSym,
                  flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode

proc symFromType(t: PType, info: TLineInfo): PSym =
  if t.sym != nil: return t.sym
  result = newSym(skType, getIdent"AnonType", t.owner, info)
  result.flags.incl sfAnon
  result.typ = t

proc symNodeFromType(c: PContext, t: PType, info: TLineInfo): PNode =
  result = newSymNode(symFromType(t, info), info)
  result.typ = makeTypeDesc(c, t)

when false:
  proc createEvalContext(c: PContext, mode: TEvalMode): PEvalContext =
    result = newEvalContext(c.module, mode)
    result.getType = proc (n: PNode): PNode =
      result = tryExpr(c, n)
      if result == nil:
        result = newSymNode(errorSym(c, n))
      elif result.typ == nil:
        result = newSymNode(getSysSym"void")
      else:
        result.typ = makeTypeDesc(c, result.typ)

    result.handleIsOperator = proc (n: PNode): PNode =
      result = isOpImpl(c, n)

proc hasCycle(n: PNode): bool =
  incl n.flags, nfNone
  for i in 0..<safeLen(n):
    if nfNone in n[i].flags or hasCycle(n[i]):
      result = true
      break
  excl n.flags, nfNone

proc fixupTypeAfterEval(c: PContext, evaluated, eOrig: PNode): PNode =
  # recompute the types as 'eval' isn't guaranteed to construct types nor
  # that the types are sound:
  when true:
    if eOrig.typ.kind in {tyExpr, tyStmt, tyTypeDesc}:
      result = semExprWithType(c, evaluated)
    else:
      result = evaluated
      let expectedType = eOrig.typ.skipTypes({tyStatic})
      if hasCycle(result):
        globalError(c.config, eOrig.info, "the resulting AST is cyclic and cannot be processed further")
        result = errorNode(c, eOrig)
      else:
        semmacrosanity.annotateType(result, expectedType, c.config)
  else:
    result = semExprWithType(c, evaluated)
    #result = fitNode(c, e.typ, result) inlined with special case:
    let arg = result
    result = indexTypesMatch(c, eOrig.typ, arg.typ, arg)
    if result == nil:
      result = arg
      # for 'tcnstseq' we support [] to become 'seq'
      if eOrig.typ.skipTypes(abstractInst).kind == tySequence and
         isArrayConstr(arg):
        arg.typ = eOrig.typ

proc tryConstExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
  var e = semExprWithType(c, n)
  if e == nil: return

  result = getConstExpr(c.module, e, c.graph)
  if result != nil: return

  let oldErrorCount = c.config.errorCounter
  let oldErrorMax = c.config.errorMax
  let oldErrorOutputs = errorOutputs

  errorOutputs = {}
  c.config.errorMax = high(int)

  try:
    result = evalConstExpr(c.module, c.cache, c.graph, e)
    if result == nil or result.kind == nkEmpty:
      result = nil
    else:
      result = fixupTypeAfterEval(c, result, e)

  except ERecoverableError:
    result = nil

  c.config.errorCounter = oldErrorCount
  c.config.errorMax = oldErrorMax
  errorOutputs = oldErrorOutputs

const
  errConstExprExpected = "constant expression expected"

proc semConstExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
  var e = semExprWithType(c, n)
  if e == nil:
    localError(c.config, n.info, errConstExprExpected)
    return n
  result = getConstExpr(c.module, e, c.graph)
  if result == nil:
    #if e.kind == nkEmpty: globalError(n.info, errConstExprExpected)
    result = evalConstExpr(c.module, c.cache, c.graph, e)
    if result == nil or result.kind == nkEmpty:
      if e.info != n.info:
        pushInfoContext(n.info)
        localError(c.config, e.info, errConstExprExpected)
        popInfoContext()
      else:
        localError(c.config, e.info, errConstExprExpected)
      # error correction:
      result = e
    else:
      result = fixupTypeAfterEval(c, result, e)

proc semExprFlagDispatched(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
  if efNeedStatic in flags:
    if efPreferNilResult in flags:
      return tryConstExpr(c, n)
    else:
      return semConstExpr(c, n)
  else:
    result = semExprWithType(c, n, flags)
    if efPreferStatic in flags:
      var evaluated = getConstExpr(c.module, result, c.graph)
      if evaluated != nil: return evaluated
      evaluated = evalAtCompileTime(c, result)
      if evaluated != nil: return evaluated

include hlo, seminst, semcall

when false:
  # hopefully not required:
  proc resetSemFlag(n: PNode) =
    excl n.flags, nfSem
    for i in 0 ..< n.safeLen:
      resetSemFlag(n[i])

proc semAfterMacroCall(c: PContext, call, macroResult: PNode,
                       s: PSym, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
  ## Semantically check the output of a macro.
  ## This involves processes such as re-checking the macro output for type
  ## coherence, making sure that variables declared with 'let' aren't
  ## reassigned, and binding the unbound identifiers that the macro output
  ## contains.
  inc(evalTemplateCounter)
  if evalTemplateCounter > evalTemplateLimit:
    globalError(c.config, s.info, "template instantiation too nested")
  c.friendModules.add(s.owner.getModule)

  result = macroResult
  excl(result.flags, nfSem)
  #resetSemFlag n
  if s.typ.sons[0] == nil:
    result = semStmt(c, result)
  else:
    case s.typ.sons[0].kind
    of tyExpr:
      # BUGFIX: we cannot expect a type here, because module aliases would not
      # work then (see the ``tmodulealias`` test)
      # semExprWithType(c, result)
      result = semExpr(c, result, flags)
    of tyStmt:
      result = semStmt(c, result)
    of tyTypeDesc:
      if result.kind == nkStmtList: result.kind = nkStmtListType
      var typ = semTypeNode(c, result, nil)
      result.typ = makeTypeDesc(c, typ)
      #result = symNodeFromType(c, typ, n.info)
    else:
      var retType = s.typ.sons[0]
      if s.ast[genericParamsPos] != nil and retType.isMetaType:
        # The return type may depend on the Macro arguments
        # e.g. template foo(T: typedesc): seq[T]
        # We will instantiate the return type here, because
        # we now know the supplied arguments
        var paramTypes = newIdTable()
        for param, value in genericParamsInMacroCall(s, call):
          idTablePut(paramTypes, param.typ, value.typ)

        retType = generateTypeInstance(c, paramTypes,
                                       macroResult.info, retType)

      result = semExpr(c, result, flags)
      result = fitNode(c, retType, result, result.info)
      #GlobalError(s.info, errInvalidParamKindX, typeToString(s.typ.sons[0]))
  dec(evalTemplateCounter)
  discard c.friendModules.pop()

const
  errMissingGenericParamsForTemplate = "'$1' has unspecified generic parameters"

proc semMacroExpr(c: PContext, n, nOrig: PNode, sym: PSym,
                  flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode =
  pushInfoContext(nOrig.info)

  markUsed(c.config, n.info, sym, c.graph.usageSym)
  styleCheckUse(n.info, sym)
  if sym == c.p.owner:
    globalError(c.config, n.info, "recursive dependency: '$1'" % sym.name.s)

  let genericParams = if sfImmediate in sym.flags: 0
                      else: sym.ast[genericParamsPos].len
  let suppliedParams = max(n.safeLen - 1, 0)

  if suppliedParams < genericParams:
    globalError(c.config, n.info, errMissingGenericParamsForTemplate % n.renderTree)

  #if c.evalContext == nil:
  #  c.evalContext = c.createEvalContext(emStatic)
  result = evalMacroCall(c.module, c.cache, c.graph, n, nOrig, sym)
  if efNoSemCheck notin flags:
    result = semAfterMacroCall(c, n, result, sym, flags)
  result = wrapInComesFrom(nOrig.info, sym, result)
  popInfoContext()

proc forceBool(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
  result = fitNode(c, getSysType(c.graph, n.info, tyBool), n, n.info)
  if result == nil: result = n

proc semConstBoolExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
  let nn = semExprWithType(c, n)
  result = fitNode(c, getSysType(c.graph, n.info, tyBool), nn, nn.info)
  if result == nil:
    localError(c.config, n.info, errConstExprExpected)
    return nn
  result = getConstExpr(c.module, result, c.graph)
  if result == nil:
    localError(c.config, n.info, errConstExprExpected)
    result = nn

proc semGenericStmt(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode
proc semConceptBody(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode

include semtypes, semtempl, semgnrc, semstmts, semexprs

proc addCodeForGenerics(c: PContext, n: PNode) =
  for i in countup(c.lastGenericIdx, c.generics.len - 1):
    var prc = c.generics[i].inst.sym
    if prc.kind in {skProc, skFunc, skMethod, skConverter} and prc.magic == mNone:
      if prc.ast == nil or prc.ast.sons[bodyPos] == nil:
        internalError(c.config, prc.info, "no code for " & prc.name.s)
      else:
        addSon(n, prc.ast)
  c.lastGenericIdx = c.generics.len

proc myOpen(graph: ModuleGraph; module: PSym; cache: IdentCache): PPassContext =
  var c = newContext(graph, module, cache)
  if c.p != nil: internalError(graph.config, module.info, "sem.myOpen")
  c.semConstExpr = semConstExpr
  c.semExpr = semExpr
  c.semTryExpr = tryExpr
  c.semTryConstExpr = tryConstExpr
  c.semOperand = semOperand
  c.semConstBoolExpr = semConstBoolExpr
  c.semOverloadedCall = semOverloadedCall
  c.semInferredLambda = semInferredLambda
  c.semGenerateInstance = generateInstance
  c.semTypeNode = semTypeNode
  c.instTypeBoundOp = sigmatch.instTypeBoundOp

  pushProcCon(c, module)
  pushOwner(c, c.module)
  c.importTable = openScope(c)
  c.importTable.addSym(module) # a module knows itself
  if sfSystemModule in module.flags:
    graph.systemModule = module
  c.topLevelScope = openScope(c)
  # don't be verbose unless the module belongs to the main package:
  if module.owner.id == gMainPackageId:
    graph.config.notes = graph.config.mainPackageNotes
  else:
    if graph.config.mainPackageNotes == {}: graph.config.mainPackageNotes = graph.config.notes
    graph.config.notes = graph.config.foreignPackageNotes
  result = c

proc myOpenCached(graph: ModuleGraph; module: PSym; rd: PRodReader): PPassContext =
  result = myOpen(graph, module, rd.cache)

proc replayMethodDefs(graph: ModuleGraph; rd: PRodReader) =
  for m in items(rd.methods): methodDef(graph, m, true)

proc isImportSystemStmt(g: ModuleGraph; n: PNode): bool =
  if g.systemModule == nil: return false
  case n.kind
  of nkImportStmt:
    for x in n:
      if x.kind == nkIdent:
        let f = checkModuleName(g.config, x, false)
        if f == g.systemModule.info.fileIndex:
          return true
  of nkImportExceptStmt, nkFromStmt:
    if n[0].kind == nkIdent:
      let f = checkModuleName(g.config, n[0], false)
      if f == g.systemModule.info.fileIndex:
        return true
  else: discard

proc semStmtAndGenerateGenerics(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
  if n.kind == nkDefer:
    localError(c.config, n.info, "defer statement not supported at top level")
  if c.topStmts == 0 and not isImportSystemStmt(c.graph, n):
    if sfSystemModule notin c.module.flags and
        n.kind notin {nkEmpty, nkCommentStmt}:
      c.importTable.addSym c.graph.systemModule # import the "System" identifier
      importAllSymbols(c, c.graph.systemModule)
      inc c.topStmts
  else:
    inc c.topStmts
  if sfNoForward in c.module.flags:
    result = semAllTypeSections(c, n)
  else:
    result = n
  result = semStmt(c, result)
  when false:
    # Code generators are lazy now and can deal with undeclared procs, so these
    # steps are not required anymore and actually harmful for the upcoming
    # destructor support.
    # BUGFIX: process newly generated generics here, not at the end!
    if c.lastGenericIdx < c.generics.len:
      var a = newNodeI(nkStmtList, n.info)
      addCodeForGenerics(c, a)
      if sonsLen(a) > 0:
        # a generic has been added to `a`:
        if result.kind != nkEmpty: addSon(a, result)
        result = a
  result = hloStmt(c, result)
  if c.config.cmd == cmdInteractive and not isEmptyType(result.typ):
    result = buildEchoStmt(c, result)
  if c.config.cmd == cmdIdeTools:
    appendToModule(c.module, result)
  result = transformStmt(c.graph, c.module, result)

proc recoverContext(c: PContext) =
  # clean up in case of a semantic error: We clean up the stacks, etc. This is
  # faster than wrapping every stack operation in a 'try finally' block and
  # requires far less code.
  c.currentScope = c.topLevelScope
  while getCurrOwner(c).kind != skModule: popOwner(c)
  while c.p != nil and c.p.owner.kind != skModule: c.p = c.p.next

proc myProcess(context: PPassContext, n: PNode): PNode =
  var c = PContext(context)
  # no need for an expensive 'try' if we stop after the first error anyway:
  if c.config.errorMax <= 1:
    result = semStmtAndGenerateGenerics(c, n)
  else:
    let oldContextLen = msgs.getInfoContextLen()
    let oldInGenericInst = c.inGenericInst
    try:
      result = semStmtAndGenerateGenerics(c, n)
    except ERecoverableError, ESuggestDone:
      recoverContext(c)
      c.inGenericInst = oldInGenericInst
      msgs.setInfoContextLen(oldContextLen)
      if getCurrentException() of ESuggestDone:
        c.suggestionsMade = true
        result = nil
      else:
        result = ast.emptyNode
      #if c.config.cmd == cmdIdeTools: findSuggest(c, n)
  rod.storeNode(c.module, result)

proc testExamples(c: PContext) =
  let inp = toFullPath(c.module.info)
  let outp = inp.changeFileExt"" & "_examples.nim"
  renderModule(c.runnableExamples, inp, outp)
  let backend = if isDefined(c.config, "js"): "js"
                elif isDefined(c.config, "cpp"): "cpp"
                elif isDefined(c.config, "objc"): "objc"
                else: "c"
  if os.execShellCmd("nim " & backend & " -r " & outp) != 0:
    quit "[Examples] failed"
  removeFile(outp)

proc myClose(graph: ModuleGraph; context: PPassContext, n: PNode): PNode =
  var c = PContext(context)
  if c.config.cmd == cmdIdeTools and not c.suggestionsMade:
    suggestSentinel(c)
  closeScope(c)         # close module's scope
  rawCloseScope(c)      # imported symbols; don't check for unused ones!
  result = newNode(nkStmtList)
  if n != nil:
    internalError(c.config, n.info, "n is not nil") #result := n;
  addCodeForGenerics(c, result)
  if c.module.ast != nil:
    result.add(c.module.ast)
  if c.rd != nil:
    replayMethodDefs(graph, c.rd)
  popOwner(c)
  popProcCon(c)
  storeRemaining(c.module)
  if c.runnableExamples != nil: testExamples(c)

const semPass* = makePass(myOpen, myOpenCached, myProcess, myClose,
                          isFrontend = true)