path: root/lib/pure/uri.nim

#
#
#            Nim's Runtime Library
#        (c) Copyright 2015 Dominik Picheta
#
#    See the file "copying.txt", included in this
#    distribution, for details about the copyright.
#

## This module implements URI parsing as specified by RFC 3986.
##
## A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) provides a simple and extensible
## means for identifying a resource. A URI can be further classified
## as a locator, a name, or both. The term “Uniform Resource Locator”
## (URL) refers to the subset of URIs.
##
## Basic usage
## ===========
##
## Combine URIs
## -------------
## .. code-block::
##    import uri
##    let host = parseUri("https://nim-lang.org")
##    let blog = "/blog.html"
##    let bloguri = host / blog
##    assert $host == "https://nim-lang.org"
##    assert $bloguri == "https://nim-lang.org/blog.html"
##
## Access URI item
## ---------------
## .. code-block::
##    import uri
##    let res = parseUri("sftp://127.0.0.1:4343")
##    if isAbsolute(res):
##      assert res.port == "4343"
##    else:
##      echo "Wrong format"
##
## Data URI Base64
## ---------------
##
## .. code-block::nim
##    doAssert getDataUri("Hello World", "text/plain") == "data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ="
##    doAssert getDataUri("Nim", "text/plain") == "data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,Tmlt"

import std/private/since

import strutils, parseutils, base64
type
  Url* = distinct string

  Uri* = object
    scheme*, username*, password*: string
    hostname*, port*, path*, query*, anchor*: string
    opaque*: bool

proc encodeUrl*(s: string, usePlus = true): string =
  ## Encodes a URL according to RFC3986.
  ##
  ## This means that characters in the set
  ## ``{'a'..'z', 'A'..'Z', '0'..'9', '-', '.', '_', '~'}`` are
  ## carried over to the result.
  ## All other characters are encoded as ``%xx`` where ``xx``
  ## denotes its hexadecimal value.
  ##
  ## As a special rule, when the value of ``usePlus`` is true,
  ## spaces are encoded as ``+`` instead of ``%20``.
  ##
  ## **See also:**
  ## * `decodeUrl proc<#decodeUrl,string>`_
  runnableExamples:
    assert encodeUrl("https://nim-lang.org") == "https%3A%2F%2Fnim-lang.org"
    assert encodeUrl("https://nim-lang.org/this is a test") == "https%3A%2F%2Fnim-lang.org%2Fthis+is+a+test"
    assert encodeUrl("https://nim-lang.org/this is a test", false) == "https%3A%2F%2Fnim-lang.org%2Fthis%20is%20a%20test"
  result = newStringOfCap(s.len + s.len shr 2) # assume 12% non-alnum-chars
  let fromSpace = if usePlus: "+" else: "%20"
  for c in s:
    case c
    # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-2.3
    of 'a'..'z', 'A'..'Z', '0'..'9', '-', '.', '_', '~': add(result, c)
    of ' ': add(result, fromSpace)
    else:
      add(result, '%')
      add(result, toHex(ord(c), 2))

proc decodeUrl*(s: string, decodePlus = true): string =
  ## Decodes a URL according to RFC3986.
  ##
  ## This means that any ``%xx`` (where ``xx`` denotes a hexadecimal
  ## value) are converted to the character with ordinal number ``xx``,
  ## and every other character is carried over.
  ##
  ## As a special rule, when the value of ``decodePlus`` is true, ``+``
  ## characters are converted to a space.
  ##
  ## **See also:**
  ## * `encodeUrl proc<#encodeUrl,string>`_
  runnableExamples:
    assert decodeUrl("https%3A%2F%2Fnim-lang.org") == "https://nim-lang.org"
    assert decodeUrl("https%3A%2F%2Fnim-lang.org%2Fthis+is+a+test") == "https://nim-lang.org/this is a test"
    assert decodeUrl("https%3A%2F%2Fnim-lang.org%2Fthis%20is%20a%20test",
        false) == "https://nim-lang.org/this is a test"
  proc handleHexChar(c: char, x: var int) {.inline.} =
    case c
    of '0'..'9': x = (x shl 4) or (ord(c) - ord('0'))
    of 'a'..'f': x = (x shl 4) or (ord(c) - ord('a') + 10)
    of 'A'..'F': x = (x shl 4) or (ord(c) - ord('A') + 10)
    else: assert(false)

  result = newString(s.len)
  var i = 0
  var j = 0
  while i < s.len:
    case s[i]
    of '%':
      var x = 0
      handleHexChar(s[i+1], x)
      handleHexChar(s[i+2], x)
      inc(i, 2)
      result[j] = chr(x)
    of '+':
      if decodePlus:
        result[j] = ' '
      else:
        result[j] = s[i]
    else: result[j] = s[i]
    inc(i)
    inc(j)
  setLen(result, j)

proc encodeQuery*(query: openArray[(string, string)], usePlus = true,
    omitEq = true): string =
  ## Encodes a set of (key, value) parameters into a URL query string.
  ##
  ## Every (key, value) pair is URL-encoded and written as ``key=value``. If the
  ## value is an empty string then the ``=`` is omitted, unless ``omitEq`` is
  ## false.
  ## The pairs are joined together by a ``&`` character.
  ##
  ## The ``usePlus`` parameter is passed down to the `encodeUrl` function that
  ## is used for the URL encoding of the string values.
  ##
  ## **See also:**
  ## * `encodeUrl proc<#encodeUrl,string>`_
  runnableExamples:
    assert encodeQuery({: }) == ""
    assert encodeQuery({"a": "1", "b": "2"}) == "a=1&b=2"
    assert encodeQuery({"a": "1", "b": ""}) == "a=1&b"
  for elem in query:
    # Encode the `key = value` pairs and separate them with a '&'
    if result.len > 0: result.add('&')
    let (key, val) = elem
    result.add(encodeUrl(key, usePlus))
    # Omit the '=' if the value string is empty
    if not omitEq or val.len > 0:
      result.add('=')
      result.add(encodeUrl(val, usePlus))

proc parseAuthority(authority: string, result: var Uri) =
  var i = 0
  var inPort = false
  var inIPv6 = false
  while i < authority.len:
    case authority[i]
    of '@':
      swap result.password, result.port
      result.port.setLen(0)
      swap result.username, result.hostname
      result.hostname.setLen(0)
      inPort = false
    of ':':
      if inIPv6:
        result.hostname.add(authority[i])
      else:
        inPort = true
    of '[':
      inIPv6 = true
    of ']':
      inIPv6 = false
    else:
      if inPort:
        result.port.add(authority[i])
      else:
        result.hostname.add(authority[i])
    i.inc

proc parsePath(uri: string, i: var int, result: var Uri) =

  i.inc parseUntil(uri, result.path, {'?', '#'}, i)

  # The 'mailto' scheme's PATH actually contains the hostname/username
  if cmpIgnoreCase(result.scheme, "mailto") == 0:
    parseAuthority(result.path, result)
    result.path.setLen(0)

  if i < uri.len and uri[i] == '?':
    i.inc # Skip '?'
    i.inc parseUntil(uri, result.query, {'#'}, i)

  if i < uri.len and uri[i] == '#':
    i.inc # Skip '#'
    i.inc parseUntil(uri, result.anchor, {}, i)

proc initUri*(): Uri =
  ## Initializes a URI with ``scheme``, ``username``, ``password``,
  ## ``hostname``, ``port``, ``path``, ``query`` and ``anchor``.
  ##
  ## **See also:**
  ## * `Uri type <#Uri>`_ for available fields in the URI type
  runnableExamples:
    var uri2: Uri
    assert initUri() == uri2
  result = Uri(scheme: "", username: "", password: "", hostname: "", port: "",
                path: "", query: "", anchor: "")

proc resetUri(uri: var Uri) =
  for f in uri.fields:
    when f is string:
      f.setLen(0)
    else:
      f = false

proc parseUri*(uri: string, result: var Uri) =
  ## Parses a URI. The `result` variable will be cleared before.
  ##
  ## **See also:**
  ## * `Uri type <#Uri>`_ for available fields in the URI type
  ## * `initUri proc <#initUri>`_ for initializing a URI
  runnableExamples:
    var res = initUri()
    parseUri("https://nim-lang.org/docs/manual.html", res)
    assert res.scheme == "https"
    assert res.hostname == "nim-lang.org"
    assert res.path == "/docs/manual.html"
  resetUri(result)

  var i = 0

  # Check if this is a reference URI (relative URI)
  let doubleSlash = uri.len > 1 and uri[1] == '/'
  if i < uri.len and uri[i] == '/':
    # Make sure ``uri`` doesn't begin with '//'.
    if not doubleSlash:
      parsePath(uri, i, result)
      return

  # Scheme
  i.inc parseWhile(uri, result.scheme, Letters + Digits + {'+', '-', '.'}, i)
  if (i >= uri.len or uri[i] != ':') and not doubleSlash:
    # Assume this is a reference URI (relative URI)
    i = 0
    result.scheme.setLen(0)
    parsePath(uri, i, result)
    return
  if not doubleSlash:
    i.inc # Skip ':'

  # Authority
  if i+1 < uri.len and uri[i] == '/' and uri[i+1] == '/':
    i.inc(2) # Skip //
    var authority = ""
    i.inc parseUntil(uri, authority, {'/', '?', '#'}, i)
    if authority.len > 0:
      parseAuthority(authority, result)
  else:
    result.opaque = true

  # Path
  parsePath(uri, i, result)

proc parseUri*(uri: string): Uri =
  ## Parses a URI and returns it.
  ##
  ## **See also:**
  ## * `Uri type <#Uri>`_ for available fields in the URI type
  runnableExamples:
    let res = parseUri("ftp://Username:Password@Hostname")
    assert res.username == "Username"
    assert res.password == "Password"
    assert res.scheme == "ftp"
  result = initUri()
  parseUri(uri, result)

proc removeDotSegments(path: string): string =
  if path.len == 0: return ""
  var collection: seq[string] = @[]
  let endsWithSlash = path[path.len-1] == '/'
  var i = 0
  var currentSegment = ""
  while i < path.len:
    case path[i]
    of '/':
      collection.add(currentSegment)
      currentSegment = ""
    of '.':
      if i+2 < path.len and path[i+1] == '.' and path[i+2] == '/':
        if collection.len > 0:
          discard collection.pop()
          i.inc 3
          continue
      elif path[i+1] == '/':
        i.inc 2
        continue
      currentSegment.add path[i]
    else:
      currentSegment.add path[i]
    i.inc
  if currentSegment != "":
    collection.add currentSegment

  result = collection.join("/")
  if endsWithSlash: result.add '/'

proc merge(base, reference: Uri): string =
  # http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-5.2.3
  if base.hostname != "" and base.path == "":
    '/' & reference.path
  else:
    let lastSegment = rfind(base.path, "/")
    if lastSegment == -1:
      reference.path
    else:
      base.path[0 .. lastSegment] & reference.path

proc combine*(base: Uri, reference: Uri): Uri =
  ## Combines a base URI with a reference URI.
  ##
  ## This uses the algorithm specified in
  ## `section 5.2.2 of RFC 3986 <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-5.2.2>`_.
  ##
  ## This means that the slashes inside the base URIs path as well as reference
  ## URIs path affect the resulting URI.
  ##
  ## **See also:**
  ## * `/ proc <#/,Uri,string>`_ for building URIs
  runnableExamples:
    let foo = combine(parseUri("https://nim-lang.org/foo/bar"), parseUri("/baz"))
    assert foo.path == "/baz"
    let bar = combine(parseUri("https://nim-lang.org/foo/bar"), parseUri("baz"))
    assert bar.path == "/foo/baz"
    let qux = combine(parseUri("https://nim-lang.org/foo/bar/"), parseUri("baz"))
    assert qux.path == "/foo/bar/baz"

  template setAuthority(dest, src): untyped =
    dest.hostname = src.hostname
    dest.username = src.username
    dest.port = src.port
    dest.password = src.password

  result = initUri()
  if reference.scheme != base.scheme and reference.scheme != "":
    result = reference
    result.path = removeDotSegments(result.path)
  else:
    if reference.hostname != "":
      setAuthority(result, reference)
      result.path = removeDotSegments(reference.path)
      result.query = reference.query
    else:
      if reference.path == "":
        result.path = base.path
        if reference.query != "":
          result.query = reference.query
        else:
          result.query = base.query
      else:
        if reference.path.startsWith("/"):
          result.path = removeDotSegments(reference.path)
        else:
          result.path = removeDotSegments(merge(base, reference))
        result.query = reference.query
      setAuthority(result, base)
    result.scheme = base.scheme
  result.anchor = reference.anchor

proc combine*(uris: varargs[Uri]): Uri =
  ## Combines multiple URIs together.
  ##
  ## **See also:**
  ## * `/ proc <#/,Uri,string>`_ for building URIs
  runnableExamples:
    let foo = combine(parseUri("https://nim-lang.org/"), parseUri("docs/"),
        parseUri("manual.html"))
    assert foo.hostname == "nim-lang.org"
    assert foo.path == "/docs/manual.html"
  result = uris[0]
  for i in 1 ..< uris.len:
    result = combine(result, uris[i])

proc isAbsolute*(uri: Uri): bool =
  ## Returns true if URI is absolute, false otherwise.
  runnableExamples:
    let foo = parseUri("https://nim-lang.org")
    assert isAbsolute(foo) == true
    let bar = parseUri("nim-lang")
    assert isAbsolute(bar) == false
  return uri.scheme != "" and (uri.hostname != "" or uri.path != "")

proc `/`*(x: Uri, path: string): Uri =
  ## Concatenates the path specified to the specified URIs path.
  ##
  ## Contrary to the `combine proc <#combine,Uri,Uri>`_ you do not have to worry about
  ## the slashes at the beginning and end of the path and URIs path
  ## respectively.
  ##
  ## **See also:**
  ## * `combine proc <#combine,Uri,Uri>`_
  runnableExamples:
    let foo = parseUri("https://nim-lang.org/foo/bar") / "/baz"
    assert foo.path == "/foo/bar/baz"
    let bar = parseUri("https://nim-lang.org/foo/bar") / "baz"
    assert bar.path == "/foo/bar/baz"
    let qux = parseUri("https://nim-lang.org/foo/bar/") / "baz"
    assert qux.path == "/foo/bar/baz"
  result = x

  if result.path.len == 0:
    if path.len == 0 or path[0] != '/':
      result.path = "/"
    result.path.add(path)
    return

  if result.path.len > 0 and result.path[result.path.len-1] == '/':
    if path.len > 0 and path[0] == '/':
      result.path.add(path[1 .. path.len-1])
    else:
      result.path.add(path)
  else:
    if path.len == 0 or path[0] != '/':
      result.path.add '/'
    result.path.add(path)

proc `?`*(u: Uri, query: openArray[(string, string)]): Uri =
  ## Concatenates the query parameters to the specified URI object.
  runnableExamples:
    let foo = parseUri("https://example.com") / "foo" ? {"bar": "qux"}
    assert $foo == "https://example.com/foo?bar=qux"
  result = u
  result.query = encodeQuery(query)

proc `$`*(u: Uri): string =
  ## Returns the string representation of the specified URI object.
  runnableExamples:
    let foo = parseUri("https://nim-lang.org")
    assert $foo == "https://nim-lang.org"
  result = ""
  if u.scheme.len > 0:
    result.add(u.scheme)
    if u.opaque:
      result.add(":")
    else:
      result.add("://")
  if u.username.len > 0:
    result.add(u.username)
    if u.password.len > 0:
      result.add(":")
      result.add(u.password)
    result.add("@")
  if u.hostname.endsWith('/'):
    result.add(u.hostname[0..^2])
  else:
    result.add(u.hostname)
  if u.port.len > 0:
    result.add(":")
    result.add(u.port)
  if u.path.len > 0:
    if u.hostname.len > 0 and u.path[0] != '/':
      result.add('/')
    result.add(u.path)
  if u.query.len > 0:
    result.add("?")
    result.add(u.query)
  if u.anchor.len > 0:
    result.add("#")
    result.add(u.anchor)

proc getDataUri*(data, mime: string, encoding = "utf-8"): string {.since: (1, 3).} =
  ## Convenience proc for `base64.encode` returns a standard Base64 Data URI (RFC-2397)
  ##
  ## **See also:**
  ## * `mimetypes <mimetypes.html>`_ for `mime` argument
  ## * https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2397
  ## * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_URI_scheme
  runnableExamples: static: doAssert getDataUri("Nim", "text/plain") == "data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,Tmlt"
  assert encoding.len > 0 and mime.len > 0 # Must *not* be URL-Safe, see RFC-2397
  result = "data:" & mime & ";charset=" & encoding & ";base64," & base64.encode(data)


when isMainModule:
  block:
    const test1 = "abc\L+def xyz"
    doAssert encodeUrl(test1) == "abc%0A%2Bdef+xyz"
    doAssert decodeUrl(encodeUrl(test1)) == test1
    doAssert encodeUrl(test1, false) == "abc%0A%2Bdef%20xyz"
    doAssert decodeUrl(encodeUrl(test1, false), false) == test1
    doAssert decodeUrl(encodeUrl(test1)) == test1

  block:
    let str = "http://localhost"
    let test = parseUri(str)
    doAssert test.path == ""

  block:
    let str = "http://localhost/"
    let test = parseUri(str)
    doAssert test.path == "/"

  block:
    let str = "http://localhost:8080/test"
    let test = parseUri(str)
    doAssert test.scheme == "http"
    doAssert test.port == "8080"
    doAssert test.path == "/test"
    doAssert test.hostname == "localhost"
    doAssert($test == str)

  block:
    let str = "foo://username:password@example.com:8042/over/there" &
              "/index.dtb?type=animal&name=narwhal#nose"
    let test = parseUri(str)
    doAssert test.scheme == "foo"
    doAssert test.username == "username"
    doAssert test.password == "password"
    doAssert test.hostname == "example.com"
    doAssert test.port == "8042"
    doAssert test.path == "/over/there/index.dtb"
    doAssert test.query == "type=animal&name=narwhal"
    doAssert test.anchor == "nose"
    doAssert($test == str)

  block:
    # IPv6 address
    let str = "foo://[::1]:1234/bar?baz=true&qux#quux"
    let uri = parseUri(str)
    doAssert uri.scheme == "foo"
    doAssert uri.hostname == "::1"
    doAssert uri.port == "1234"
    doAssert uri.path == "/bar"
    doAssert uri.query == "baz=true&qux"
    doAssert uri.anchor == "quux"

  block:
    let str = "urn:example:animal:ferret:nose"
    let test = parseUri(str)
    doAssert test.scheme == "urn"
    doAssert test.path == "example:animal:ferret:nose"
    doAssert($test == str)

  block:
    let str = "mailto:username@example.com?subject=Topic"
    let test = parseUri(str)
    doAssert test.scheme == "mailto"
    doAssert test.username == "username"
    doAssert test.hostname == "example.com"
    doAssert test.query == "subject=Topic"
    doAssert($test == str)

  block:
    let str = "magnet:?xt=urn:sha1:72hsga62ba515sbd62&dn=foobar"
    let test = parseUri(str)
    doAssert test.scheme == "magnet"
    doAssert test.query == "xt=urn:sha1:72hsga62ba515sbd62&dn=foobar"
    doAssert($test == str)

  block:
    let str = "/test/foo/bar?q=2#asdf"
    let test = parseUri(str)
    doAssert test.scheme == ""
    doAssert test.path == "/test/foo/bar"
    doAssert test.query == "q=2"
    doAssert test.anchor == "asdf"
    doAssert($test == str)

  block:
    let str = "test/no/slash"
    let test = parseUri(str)
    doAssert test.path == "test/no/slash"
    doAssert($test == str)

  block:
    let str = "//git@github.com:dom96/packages"
    let test = parseUri(str)
    doAssert test.scheme == ""
    doAssert test.username == "git"
    doAssert test.hostname == "github.com"
    doAssert test.port == "dom96"
    doAssert test.path == "/packages"

  block:
    let str = "file:///foo/bar/baz.txt"
    let test = parseUri(str)
    doAssert test.scheme == "file"
    doAssert test.username == ""
    doAssert test.hostname == ""
    doAssert test.port == ""
    doAssert test.path == "/foo/bar/baz.txt"

  # Remove dot segments tests
  block:
    doAssert removeDotSegments("/foo/bar/baz") == "/foo/bar/baz"

  # Combine tests
  block:
    let concat = combine(parseUri("http://google.com/foo/bar/"), parseUri("baz"))
    doAssert concat.path == "/foo/bar/baz"
    doAssert concat.hostname == "google.com"
    doAssert concat.scheme == "http"

  block:
    let concat = combine(parseUri("http://google.com/foo"), parseUri("/baz"))
    doAssert concat.path == "/baz"
    doAssert concat.hostname == "google.com"
    doAssert concat.scheme == "http"

  block:
    let concat = combine(parseUri("http://google.com/foo/test"), parseUri("bar"))
    doAssert concat.path == "/foo/bar"

  block:
    let concat = combine(parseUri("http://google.com/foo/test"), parseUri("/bar"))
    doAssert concat.path == "/bar"

  block:
    let concat = combine(parseUri("http://google.com/foo/test"), parseUri("bar"))
    doAssert concat.path == "/foo/bar"

  block:
    let concat = combine(parseUri("http://google.com/foo/test/"), parseUri("bar"))
    doAssert concat.path == "/foo/test/bar"

  block:
    let concat = combine(parseUri("http://google.com/foo/test/"), parseUri("bar/"))
    doAssert concat.path == "/foo/test/bar/"

  block:
    let concat = combine(parseUri("http://google.com/foo/test/"), parseUri("bar/"),
                         parseUri("baz"))
    doAssert concat.path == "/foo/test/bar/baz"

  # `/` tests
  block:
    let test = parseUri("http://example.com/foo") / "bar/asd"
    doAssert test.path == "/foo/bar/asd"

  block:
    let test = parseUri("http://example.com/foo/") / "/bar/asd"
    doAssert test.path == "/foo/bar/asd"

  # removeDotSegments tests
  block:
    # empty test
    doAssert removeDotSegments("") == ""

  # bug #3207
  block:
    doAssert parseUri("http://qq/1").combine(parseUri("https://qqq")).`$` == "https://qqq"

  # bug #4959
  block:
    let foo = parseUri("http://example.com") / "/baz"
    doAssert foo.path == "/baz"

  # bug found on stream 13/10/17
  block:
    let foo = parseUri("http://localhost:9515") / "status"
    doAssert $foo == "http://localhost:9515/status"

  # bug #6649 #6652
  block:
    var foo = parseUri("http://example.com")
    foo.hostname = "example.com"
    foo.path = "baz"
    doAssert $foo == "http://example.com/baz"

    foo.hostname = "example.com/"
    foo.path = "baz"
    doAssert $foo == "http://example.com/baz"

    foo.hostname = "example.com"
    foo.path = "/baz"
    doAssert $foo == "http://example.com/baz"

    foo.hostname = "example.com/"
    foo.path = "/baz"
    doAssert $foo == "http://example.com/baz"

    foo.hostname = "example.com/"
    foo.port = "8000"
    foo.path = "baz"
    doAssert $foo == "http://example.com:8000/baz"

    foo = parseUri("file:/dir/file")
    foo.path = "relative"
    doAssert $foo == "file:relative"

  # isAbsolute tests
  block:
    doAssert "www.google.com".parseUri().isAbsolute() == false
    doAssert "http://www.google.com".parseUri().isAbsolute() == true
    doAssert "file:/dir/file".parseUri().isAbsolute() == true
    doAssert "file://localhost/dir/file".parseUri().isAbsolute() == true
    doAssert "urn:ISSN:1535-3613".parseUri().isAbsolute() == true

    # path-relative URL *relative
    doAssert "about".parseUri().isAbsolute == false
    doAssert "about/staff.html".parseUri().isAbsolute == false
    doAssert "about/staff.html?".parseUri().isAbsolute == false
    doAssert "about/staff.html?parameters".parseUri().isAbsolute == false

    # absolute-path-relative URL *relative
    doAssert "/".parseUri().isAbsolute == false
    doAssert "/about".parseUri().isAbsolute == false
    doAssert "/about/staff.html".parseUri().isAbsolute == false
    doAssert "/about/staff.html?".parseUri().isAbsolute == false
    doAssert "/about/staff.html?parameters".parseUri().isAbsolute == false

    # scheme-relative URL *relative
    doAssert "//username:password@example.com:8888".parseUri().isAbsolute == false
    doAssert "//username@example.com".parseUri().isAbsolute == false
    doAssert "//example.com".parseUri().isAbsolute == false
    doAssert "//example.com/".parseUri().isAbsolute == false
    doAssert "//example.com/about".parseUri().isAbsolute == false
    doAssert "//example.com/about/staff.html".parseUri().isAbsolute == false
    doAssert "//example.com/about/staff.html?".parseUri().isAbsolute == false
    doAssert "//example.com/about/staff.html?parameters".parseUri().isAbsolute == false

    # absolute URL *absolute
    doAssert "https://username:password@example.com:8888".parseUri().isAbsolute == true
    doAssert "https://username@example.com".parseUri().isAbsolute == true
    doAssert "https://example.com".parseUri().isAbsolute == true
    doAssert "https://example.com/".parseUri().isAbsolute == true
    doAssert "https://example.com/about".parseUri().isAbsolute == true
    doAssert "https://example.com/about/staff.html".parseUri().isAbsolute == true
    doAssert "https://example.com/about/staff.html?".parseUri().isAbsolute == true
    doAssert "https://example.com/about/staff.html?parameters".parseUri().isAbsolute == true

  # encodeQuery tests
  block:
    doAssert encodeQuery({:}) == ""
    doAssert encodeQuery({"foo": "bar"}) == "foo=bar"
    doAssert encodeQuery({"foo": "bar & baz"}) == "foo=bar+%26+baz"
    doAssert encodeQuery({"foo": "bar & baz"}, usePlus = false) == "foo=bar%20%26%20baz"
    doAssert encodeQuery({"foo": ""}) == "foo"
    doAssert encodeQuery({"foo": ""}, omitEq = false) == "foo="
    doAssert encodeQuery({"a": "1", "b": "", "c": "3"}) == "a=1&b&c=3"
    doAssert encodeQuery({"a": "1", "b": "", "c": "3"}, omitEq = false) == "a=1&b=&c=3"

    block:
      var foo = parseUri("http://example.com") / "foo" ? {"bar": "1", "baz": "qux"}
      var foo1 = parseUri("http://example.com/foo?bar=1&baz=qux")
      doAssert foo == foo1

    block:
      var foo = parseUri("http://example.com") / "foo" ? {"do": "do", "bar": ""}
      var foo1 = parseUri("http://example.com/foo?do=do&bar")
      doAssert foo == foo1

  block dataUriBase64:
    doAssert getDataUri("", "text/plain") == "data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,"
    doAssert getDataUri(" ", "text/plain") == "data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,IA=="
    doAssert getDataUri("c\xf7>", "text/plain") == "data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,Y/c+"
    doAssert getDataUri("Hello World", "text/plain") == "data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ="
    doAssert getDataUri("leasure.", "text/plain") == "data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,bGVhc3VyZS4="
    doAssert getDataUri("""!@#$%^&*()_+""", "text/plain") == "data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,IUAjJCVeJiooKV8r"
    doAssert(getDataUri("the quick brown dog jumps over the lazy fox", "text/plain") ==
      "data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,dGhlIHF1aWNrIGJyb3duIGRvZyBqdW1wcyBvdmVyIHRoZSBsYXp5IGZveA==")
    doAssert(getDataUri("""The present is theirs
      The future, for which I really worked, is mine.""", "text/plain") ==
      "data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,VGhlIHByZXNlbnQgaXMgdGhlaXJzCiAgICAgIFRoZSBmdXR1cmUsIGZvciB3aGljaCBJIHJlYWxseSB3b3JrZWQsIGlzIG1pbmUu")

  echo("All good!")