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authorAndreas Rumpf <rumpf_a@web.de>2018-04-14 13:57:27 +0200
committerAndreas Rumpf <rumpf_a@web.de>2018-04-14 13:57:27 +0200
commit7c879d9b0fada910bf6afc0a64d327f318a829de (patch)
treea1ec3742f58dea57250783ca70becef50ea2f896 /compiler/idgen.nim
parentc6f15c53f458ec0138d006edcaca349281fda753 (diff)
downloadNim-7c879d9b0fada910bf6afc0a64d327f318a829de.tar.gz
explicit effects for existsOrCreateDir
Diffstat (limited to 'compiler/idgen.nim')
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#
#
#           The Nim Compiler
#        (c) Copyright 2015 Andreas Rumpf
#
#    See the file "copying.txt", included in this
#    distribution, for details about the copyright.
#

## This module implements the 'implies' relation for guards.

import ast, astalgo, msgs, magicsys, nimsets, trees, types, renderer, idents,
  saturate, modulegraphs, options, lineinfos

const
  someEq = {mEqI, mEqF64, mEqEnum, mEqCh, mEqB, mEqRef, mEqProc,
    mEqUntracedRef, mEqStr, mEqSet, mEqCString}

  # set excluded here as the semantics are vastly different:
  someLe = {mLeI, mLeF64, mLeU, mLeU64, mLeEnum,
            mLeCh, mLeB, mLePtr, mLeStr}
  someLt = {mLtI, mLtF64, mLtU, mLtU64, mLtEnum,
            mLtCh, mLtB, mLtPtr, mLtStr}

  someLen = {mLengthOpenArray, mLengthStr, mLengthArray, mLengthSeq,
             mXLenStr, mXLenSeq}

  someIn = {mInRange, mInSet}

  someHigh = {mHigh}
  # we don't list unsigned here because wrap around semantics suck for
  # proving anything:
  someAdd = {mAddI, mAddF64, mSucc}
  someSub = {mSubI, mSubF64, mPred}
  someMul = {mMulI, mMulF64}
  someDiv = {mDivI, mDivF64}
  someMod = {mModI}
  someMax = {mMaxI, mMaxF64}
  someMin = {mMinI, mMinF64}
  someBinaryOp = someAdd+someSub+someMul+someMax+someMin

proc isValue(n: PNode): bool = n.kind in {nkCharLit..nkNilLit}
proc isLocation(n: PNode): bool = not n.isValue

proc isLet(n: PNode): bool =
  if n.kind == nkSym:
    if n.sym.kind in {skLet, skTemp, skForVar}:
      result = true
    elif n.sym.kind == skParam and skipTypes(n.sym.typ,
                                             abstractInst).kind != tyVar:
      result = true

proc isVar(n: PNode): bool =
  n.kind == nkSym and n.sym.kind in {skResult, skVar} and
      {sfAddrTaken} * n.sym.flags == {}

proc isLetLocation(m: PNode, isApprox: bool): bool =
  # consider: 'n[].kind' --> we really need to support 1 deref op even if this
  # is technically wrong due to aliasing :-( We could introduce "soft" facts
  # for this; this would still be very useful for warnings and also nicely
  # solves the 'var' problems. For now we fix this by requiring much more
  # restrictive expressions for the 'not nil' checking.
  var n = m
  var derefs = 0
  while true:
    case n.kind
    of nkDotExpr, nkCheckedFieldExpr, nkObjUpConv, nkObjDownConv:
      n = n.sons[0]
    of nkDerefExpr, nkHiddenDeref:
      n = n.sons[0]
      inc derefs
    of nkBracketExpr:
      if isConstExpr(n.sons[1]) or isLet(n.sons[1]) or isConstExpr(n.sons[1].skipConv):
        n = n.sons>  
proc appff(dest: var PRope, cformat, llvmformat: string, 
           args: varargs[PRope]) = 
  if gCmd == cmdCompileToLLVM: appf(dest, llvmformat, args)
  else: appf(dest, cformat, args)
  
proc addForwardedProc(m: BModule, prc: PSym) = 
  m.forwardedProcs.add(prc)
  inc(gForwardedProcsCounter)

proc getCgenModule(s: PSym): BModule =
  result = if s.position >= 0 and s.position < gModules.len: gModules[s.position]
           else: nil

proc findPendingModule(m: BModule, s: PSym): BModule = 
  var ms = getModule(s)
  result = gModules[ms.position]

proc emitLazily(s: PSym): bool {.inline.} =
  result = optDeadCodeElim in gGlobalOptions or
           sfDeadCodeElim in getModule(s).flags

proc initLoc(result: var TLoc, k: TLocKind, typ: PType, s: TStorageLoc) = 
  result.k = k
  result.s = s
  result.t = GetUniqueType(typ)
  result.r = nil
  result.a = - 1
  result.flags = {}

proc fillLoc(a: var TLoc, k: TLocKind, typ: PType, r: PRope, s: TStorageLoc) = 
  # fills the loc if it is not already initialized
  if a.k == locNone: 
    a.k = k
    a.t = getUniqueType(typ)
    a.a = - 1
    a.s = s
    if a.r == nil: a.r = r
  
proc isSimpleConst(typ: PType): bool =
  let t = skipTypes(typ, abstractVar)
  result = t.kind notin
      {tyTuple, tyObject, tyArray, tyArrayConstr, tySet, tySequence} and not
      (t.kind == tyProc and t.callConv == ccClosure)

proc useStringh(m: BModule) =
  if not m.includesStringh:
    m.includesStringh = true
    discard lists.IncludeStr(m.headerFiles, "<string.h>")

proc useHeader(m: BModule, sym: PSym) = 
  if lfHeader in sym.loc.Flags: 
    assert(sym.annex != nil)
    discard lists.IncludeStr(m.headerFiles, getStr(sym.annex.path))

proc cgsym(m: BModule, name: string): PRope

proc ropecg(m: BModule, frmt: TFormatStr, args: varargs[PRope]): PRope = 
  var i = 0
  var length = len(frmt)
  result = nil
  var num = 0
  while i < length: 
    if frmt[i] == '$': 
      inc(i)                  # skip '$'
      case frmt[i]
      of '$': 
        app(result, "$")
        inc(i)
      of '#': 
        inc(i)
        app(result, args[num])
        inc(num)
      of '0'..'9': 
        var j = 0
        while true: 
          j = (j * 10) + Ord(frmt[i]) - ord('0')
          inc(i)
          if i >= length or not (frmt[i] in {'0'..'9'}): break 
        num = j
        if j > high(args) + 1: 
          internalError("ropes: invalid format string $" & $j)
        app(result, args[j-1])
      of 'n':
        if optLineDir notin gOptions: app(result, rnl)
        inc(i)
      of 'N': 
        app(result, rnl)
        inc(i)
      else: InternalError("ropes: invalid format string $" & frmt[i])
    elif frmt[i] == '#' and frmt[i+1] in IdentStartChars:
      inc(i)
      var j = i
      while frmt[j] in IdentChars: inc(j)
      var ident = substr(frmt, i, j-1)
      i = j
      app(result, cgsym(m, ident))
    elif frmt[i] == '#' and frmt[i+1] == '$':
      inc(i, 2)
      var j = 0
      while frmt[i] in Digits: 
        j = (j * 10) + Ord(frmt[i]) - ord('0')
        inc(i)
      app(result, cgsym(m, args[j-1].ropeToStr))
    var start = i
    while i < length: 
      if frmt[i] != '$' and frmt[i] != '#': inc(i)
      else: break 
    if i - 1 >= start: 
      app(result, substr(frmt, start, i - 1))

const compileTimeRopeFmt = not defined(booting)

when compileTimeRopeFmt:
  import macros

  type TFmtFragmentKind = enum
    ffSym,
    ffLit,
    ffParam

  type TFragment = object
    case kind: TFmtFragmentKind
    of ffSym, ffLit:
      value: string
    of ffParam:
      intValue: int

  iterator fmtStringFragments(s: string): tuple[kind: TFmtFragmentKind,
                                                value: string,
                                                intValue: int] =
    # This is a bit less featured version of the ropecg's algorithm
    # (be careful when replacing ropecg calls)
    var
      i = 0
      length = s.len

    while i < length:
      var start = i
      case s[i]
      of '$':
        let n = s[i+1]
        case n
        of '$':
          inc i, 2
        of '0'..'9':
          # XXX: use the new case object construction syntax when it's ready
          yield (kind: ffParam, value: "", intValue: n.ord - ord('1'))
          inc i, 2
          start = i
        else:
          inc i
      of '#':
        inc i
        var j = i
        while s[i] in IdentChars: inc i
        yield (kind: ffSym, value: substr(s, j, i-1), intValue: 0)
        start = i
      else: nil

      while i < length:
        if s[i] != '$' and s[i] != '#': inc i
        else: break

      if i - 1 >= start:
        yield (kind: ffLit, value: substr(s, start, i-1), intValue: 0)

  macro rfmt(m: BModule, fmt: expr[string], args: varargs[PRope]): expr =
    ## Experimental optimized rope-formatting operator
    ## The run-time code it produces will be very fast, but will it speed up
    ## the compilation of nimrod itself or will the macro execution time
    ## offset the gains?
    result = newCall(bindSym"ropeConcat")
    for frag in fmtStringFragments(fmt.strVal):
      case frag.kind
      of ffSym:
        result.add(newCall(bindSym"cgsym", m, newStrLitNode(frag.value)))
      of ffLit:
        result.add(newCall(bindSym"~", newStrLitNode(frag.value)))
      of ffParam:
        result.add(args[frag.intValue])
else:
  template rfmt(m: BModule, fmt: expr[string], args: varargs[PRope]): expr =
    ropecg(m, fmt, args)

proc appcg(m: BModule, c: var PRope, frmt: TFormatStr, 
           args: varargs[PRope]) = 
  app(c, ropecg(m, frmt, args))

proc appcg(m: BModule, s: TCFileSection, frmt: TFormatStr, 
           args: varargs[PRope]) = 
  app(m.s[s], ropecg(m, frmt, args))

proc appcg(p: BProc, s: TCProcSection, frmt: TFormatStr, 
           args: varargs[PRope]) = 
  app(p.s(s), ropecg(p.module, frmt, args))

var indent = "\t".toRope
proc indentLine(p: BProc, r: PRope): PRope =
  result = r
  for i in countup(0, p.blocks.len-1): prepend(result, indent)
  
proc line(p: BProc, s: TCProcSection, r: PRope) =
  app(p.s(s), indentLine(p, r))

proc line(p: BProc, s: TCProcSection, r: string) =
  app(p.s(s), indentLine(p, r.toRope))

proc lineF(p: BProc, s: TCProcSection, frmt: TFormatStr,
              args: varargs[PRope]) =
  app(p.s(s), indentLine(p, ropef(frmt, args)))

proc lineCg(p: BProc, s: TCProcSection, frmt: TFormatStr,
               args: varargs[PRope]) =
  app(p.s(s), indentLine(p, ropecg(p.module, frmt, args)))

when compileTimeRopeFmt:
  template linefmt(p: BProc, s: TCProcSection, frmt: TFormatStr,
                   args: varargs[PRope]) =
    line(p, s, rfmt(p.module, frmt, args))
else:
  proc linefmt(p: BProc, s: TCProcSection, frmt: TFormatStr,
               args: varargs[PRope]) =
    app(p.s(s), indentLine(p, ropecg(p.module, frmt, args)))

proc appLineCg(p: BProc, r: var PRope, frmt: TFormatStr,
               args: varargs[PRope]) =
  app(r, indentLine(p, ropecg(p.module, frmt, args)))

proc lineFF(p: BProc, s: TCProcSection, cformat, llvmformat: string,
               args: varargs[PRope]) =
  if gCmd == cmdCompileToLLVM: lineF(p, s, llvmformat, args)
  else: lineF(p, s, cformat, args)

proc safeLineNm(info: TLineInfo): int =
  result = toLinenumber(info)
  if result < 0: result = 0 # negative numbers are not allowed in #line

proc genCLineDir(r: var PRope, filename: string, line: int) =
  assert line >= 0
  if optLineDir in gOptions:
    appff(r, "$N#line $2 $1$N", "; line $2 \"$1\"$n",
          [toRope(makeSingleLineCString(filename)), toRope(line)])

proc genCLineDir(r: var PRope, info: TLineInfo) = 
  genCLineDir(r, info.toFullPath, info.safeLineNm)

proc genLineDir(p: BProc, t: PNode) =
  var line = t.info.safeLineNm
  if optEmbedOrigSrc in gGlobalOptions:
    app(p.s(cpsStmts), con(~"//", t.info.sourceLine, rnl))
  genCLineDir(p.s(cpsStmts), t.info.toFullPath, line)
  if ({optStackTrace, optEndb} * p.Options == {optStackTrace, optEndb}) and
      (p.prc == nil or sfPure notin p.prc.flags):
    linefmt(p, cpsStmts, "#endb($1, $2);$n",
            line.toRope, makeCString(toFilename(t.info)))
  elif ({optLineTrace, optStackTrace} * p.Options ==
      {optLineTrace, optStackTrace}) and
      (p.prc == nil or sfPure notin p.prc.flags):
    linefmt(p, cpsStmts, "nimln($1, $2);$n",
            line.toRope, t.info.quotedFilename)

proc postStmtActions(p: BProc) {.inline.} =
  app(p.s(cpsStmts), p.module.injectStmt)

proc accessThreadLocalVar(p: BProc, s: PSym)
proc emulatedThreadVars(): bool {.inline.}

include "ccgtypes.nim"

# ------------------------------ Manager of temporaries ------------------

proc rdLoc(a: TLoc): PRope =
  # 'read' location (deref if indirect)
  result = a.r
  if lfIndirect in a.flags: result = ropef("(*$1)", [result])

proc addrLoc(a: TLoc): PRope =
  result = a.r
  if lfIndirect notin a.flags and mapType(a.t) != ctArray:
    result = con("&", result)

proc rdCharLoc(a: TLoc): PRope =
  # read a location that may need a char-cast:
  result = rdLoc(a)
  if skipTypes(a.t, abstractRange).kind == tyChar:
    result = ropef("((NU8)($1))", [result])

proc genObjectInit(p: BProc, section: TCProcSection, t: PType, a: TLoc,
                   takeAddr: bool) =
  case analyseObjectWithTypeField(t)
  of frNone:
    nil
  of frHeader:
    var r = rdLoc(a)
    if not takeAddr: r = ropef("(*$1)", [r])
    var s = skipTypes(t, abstractInst)
    if gCmd != cmdCompileToCpp:
      while (s.kind == tyObject) and (s.sons[0] != nil):
        app(r, ".Sup")
        s = skipTypes(s.sons[0], abstractInst)
    linefmt(p, section, "$1.m_type = $2;$n", r, genTypeInfo(p.module, t))
  of frEmbedded:
    # worst case for performance:
    var r = if takeAddr: addrLoc(a) else: rdLoc(a)
    linefmt(p, section, "#objectInit($1, $2);$n", r, genTypeInfo(p.module, t))

type
  TAssignmentFlag = enum
    needToCopy, needForSubtypeCheck, afDestIsNil, afDestIsNotNil, afSrcIsNil,
    afSrcIsNotNil, needToKeepAlive
  TAssignmentFlags = set[TAssignmentFlag]

proc genRefAssign(p: BProc, dest, src: TLoc, flags: TAssignmentFlags)

proc isComplexValueType(t: PType): bool {.inline.} =
  result = t.kind in {tyArray, tyArrayConstr, tySet, tyTuple, tyObject} or
    (t.kind == tyProc and t.callConv == ccClosure)

proc resetLoc(p: BProc, loc: var TLoc) =
  let containsGcRef = containsGarbageCollectedRef(loc.t)
  if not isComplexValueType(skipTypes(loc.t, abstractVarRange)):
    if containsGcRef:
      var nilLoc: TLoc
      initLoc(nilLoc, locTemp, loc.t, onStack)
      nilLoc.r = toRope("NIM_NIL")
      genRefAssign(p, loc, nilLoc, {afSrcIsNil})
    else:
      linefmt(p, cpsStmts, "$1 = 0;$n", rdLoc(loc))
  else:
    if optNilCheck in p.options:
      linefmt(p, cpsStmts, "#chckNil((void*)$1);$n", addrLoc(loc))
    if loc.s != OnStack:
      linefmt(p, cpsStmts, "#genericReset((void*)$1, $2);$n",
              addrLoc(loc), genTypeInfo(p.module, loc.t))
      # XXX: generated reset procs should not touch the m_type
      # field, so disabling this should be safe:
      genObjectInit(p, cpsStmts, loc.t, loc, true)
    else:
      useStringh(p.module)
      linefmt(p, cpsStmts, "memset((void*)$1, 0, sizeof($2));$n",
              addrLoc(loc), rdLoc(loc))
      # XXX: We can be extra clever here and call memset only 
      # on the bytes following the m_type field?
      genObjectInit(p, cpsStmts, loc.t, loc, true)

proc constructLoc(p: BProc, loc: TLoc, isTemp = false) =
  if not isComplexValueType(skipTypes(loc.t, abstractRange)):
    linefmt(p, cpsStmts, "$1 = 0;$n", rdLoc(loc))
  else:
    if not isTemp or containsGarbageCollectedRef(loc.t):
      # don't use memset for temporary values for performance if we can
      # avoid it:
      useStringh(p.module)
      linefmt(p, cpsStmts, "memset((void*)$1, 0, sizeof($2));$n",
              addrLoc(loc), rdLoc(loc))
    genObjectInit(p, cpsStmts, loc.t, loc, true)

proc initLocalVar(p: BProc, v: PSym, immediateAsgn: bool) =
  if sfNoInit notin v.flags:
    # we know it is a local variable and thus on the stack!
    # If ``not immediateAsgn`` it is not initialized in a binding like
    # ``var v = X`` and thus we need to init it. 
    # If ``v`` contains a GC-ref we may pass it to ``unsureAsgnRef`` somehow
    # which requires initialization. However this can really only happen if
    # ``var v = X()`` gets transformed into ``X(&v)``. 
    # Nowadays the logic in ccgcalls deals with this case however.
    if not immediateAsgn:
      constructLoc(p, v.loc)

proc getTemp(p: BProc, t: PType, result: var TLoc) = 
  inc(p.labels)
  if gCmd == cmdCompileToLLVM: 
    result.r = con("%LOC", toRope(p.labels))
  else: 
    result.r = con("LOC", toRope(p.labels))
    linefmt(p, cpsLocals, "$1 $2;$n", getTypeDesc(p.module, t), result.r)
  result.k = locTemp
  result.a = - 1
  result.t = getUniqueType(t)
  result.s = OnStack
  result.flags = {}
  constructLoc(p, result, isTemp=true)

proc keepAlive(p: BProc, toKeepAlive: TLoc) =
  when false:
    # deactivated because of the huge slowdown this causes; GC will take care
    # of interior pointers instead
    if optRefcGC notin gGlobalOptions: return
    var result: TLoc
    var fid = toRope(p.gcFrameId)
    result.r = con("GCFRAME.F", fid)
    appf(p.gcFrameType, "  $1 F$2;$n",
        [getTypeDesc(p.module, toKeepAlive.t), fid])
    inc(p.gcFrameId)
    result.k = locTemp
    result.a = -1
    result.t = toKeepAlive.t
    result.s = OnStack
    result.flags = {}

    if not isComplexValueType(skipTypes(toKeepAlive.t, abstractVarRange)):
      linefmt(p, cpsStmts, "$1 = $2;$n", rdLoc(result), rdLoc(toKeepAlive))
    else:
      useStringh(p.module)
      linefmt(p, cpsStmts,
           "memcpy((void*)$1, (NIM_CONST void*)$2, sizeof($3));$n",
           addrLoc(result), addrLoc(toKeepAlive), rdLoc(result))

proc initGCFrame(p: BProc): PRope =
  if p.gcFrameId > 0: result = ropef("struct {$1} GCFRAME;$n", p.gcFrameType)

proc deinitGCFrame(p: BProc): PRope =
  if p.gcFrameId > 0:
    result = ropecg(p.module,
                    "if (((NU)&GCFRAME) < 4096) #nimGCFrame(&GCFRAME);$n")

proc cstringLit(p: BProc, r: var PRope, s: string): PRope = 
  if gCmd == cmdCompileToLLVM: 
    inc(p.module.labels)
    inc(p.labels)
    result = ropef("%LOC$1", [toRope(p.labels)])
    appf(p.module.s[cfsData], "@C$1 = private constant [$2 x i8] $3$n", 
         [toRope(p.module.labels), toRope(len(s)), makeLLVMString(s)])
    appf(r, "$1 = getelementptr [$2 x i8]* @C$3, %NI 0, %NI 0$n", 
         [result, toRope(len(s)), toRope(p.module.labels)])
  else: 
    result = makeCString(s)
  
proc cstringLit(m: BModule, r: var PRope, s: string): PRope = 
  if gCmd == cmdCompileToLLVM: 
    inc(m.labels, 2)
    result = ropef("%MOC$1", [toRope(m.labels - 1)])
    appf(m.s[cfsData], "@MOC$1 = private constant [$2 x i8] $3$n", 
         [toRope(m.labels), toRope(len(s)), makeLLVMString(s)])
    appf(r, "$1 = getelementptr [$2 x i8]* @MOC$3, %NI 0, %NI 0$n", 
         [result, toRope(len(s)), toRope(m.labels)])
  else: 
    result = makeCString(s)
  
proc allocParam(p: BProc, s: PSym) = 
  assert(s.kind == skParam)
  if lfParamCopy notin s.loc.flags: 
    inc(p.labels)
    var tmp = con("%LOC", toRope(p.labels))
    incl(s.loc.flags, lfParamCopy)
    incl(s.loc.flags, lfIndirect)
    lineF(p, cpsInit, "$1 = alloca $3$n" & "store $3 $2, $3* $1$n",
         [tmp, s.loc.r, getTypeDesc(p.module, s.loc.t)])
    s.loc.r = tmp

proc localDebugInfo(p: BProc, s: PSym) = 
  if {optStackTrace, optEndb} * p.options != {optStackTrace, optEndb}: return 
  # XXX work around a bug: No type information for open arrays possible:
  if skipTypes(s.typ, abstractVar).kind in {tyOpenArray, tyVarargs}: return
  var a = con("&", s.loc.r)
  if s.kind == skParam and ccgIntroducedPtr(s): a = s.loc.r
  lineF(p, cpsInit,
       "F.s[$1].address = (void*)$3; F.s[$1].typ = $4; F.s[$1].name = $2;$n",
       [p.maxFrameLen.toRope, makeCString(normalize(s.name.s)), a,
        genTypeInfo(p.module, s.loc.t)])
  inc(p.maxFrameLen)
  inc p.blocks[p.blocks.len-1].frameLen

proc assignLocalVar(p: BProc, s: PSym) = 
  #assert(s.loc.k == locNone) // not yet assigned
  # this need not be fullfilled for inline procs; they are regenerated
  # for each module that uses them!
  if s.loc.k == locNone: 
    fillLoc(s.loc, locLocalVar, s.typ, mangleName(s), OnStack)
    if s.kind == skLet: incl(s.loc.flags, lfNoDeepCopy)
  var decl = getTypeDesc(p.module, s.loc.t)
  if s.constraint.isNil:
    if sfRegister in s.flags: app(decl, " register")
    #elif skipTypes(s.typ, abstractInst).kind in GcTypeKinds:
    #  app(decl, " GC_GUARD")
    if sfVolatile in s.flags or p.nestedTryStmts.len > 0: 
      app(decl, " volatile")
    appf(decl, " $1;$n", [s.loc.r])
  else:
    decl = ropef(s.cgDeclFrmt & ";$n", decl, s.loc.r)
  line(p, cpsLocals, decl)
  localDebugInfo(p, s)

include ccgthreadvars

proc VarInDynamicLib(m: BModule, sym: PSym)
proc mangleDynLibProc(sym: PSym): PRope

proc assignGlobalVar(p: BProc, s: PSym) = 
  if s.loc.k == locNone: 
    fillLoc(s.loc, locGlobalVar, s.typ, mangleName(s), OnHeap)
  
  if lfDynamicLib in s.loc.flags:
    var q = findPendingModule(p.module, s)
    if q != nil and not ContainsOrIncl(q.declaredThings, s.id): 
      VarInDynamicLib(q, s)
    else:
      s.loc.r = mangleDynLibProc(s)
    return
  useHeader(p.module, s)
  if lfNoDecl in s.loc.flags: return
  if sfThread in s.flags: 
    declareThreadVar(p.module, s, sfImportc in s.flags)
  else: 
    var decl: PRope = nil
    var td = getTypeDesc(p.module, s.loc.t)
    if s.constraint.isNil:
      if sfImportc in s.flags: app(decl, "extern ")
      app(decl, td)
      if sfRegister in s.flags: app(decl, " register")
      if sfVolatile in s.flags: app(decl, " volatile")
      appf(decl, " $1;$n", [s.loc.r])
    else:
      decl = ropef(s.cgDeclFrmt & ";$n", td, s.loc.r)
    app(p.module.s[cfsVars], decl)
  if p.withinLoop > 0:
    # fixes tests/run/tzeroarray:
    resetLoc(p, s.loc)
  if p.module.module.options * {optStackTrace, optEndb} ==
                               {optStackTrace, optEndb}: 
    appcg(p.module, p.module.s[cfsDebugInit], 
          "#dbgRegisterGlobal($1, &$2, $3);$n", 
         [cstringLit(p, p.module.s[cfsDebugInit], 
          normalize(s.owner.name.s & '.' & s.name.s)), 
          s.loc.r, genTypeInfo(p.module, s.typ)])
  
proc assignParam(p: BProc, s: PSym) = 
  assert(s.loc.r != nil)
  if sfAddrTaken in s.flags and gCmd == cmdCompileToLLVM: allocParam(p, s)
  localDebugInfo(p, s)

proc fillProcLoc(sym: PSym) = 
  if sym.loc.k == locNone: 
    fillLoc(sym.loc, locProc, sym.typ, mangleName(sym), OnStack)
  
proc getLabel(p: BProc): TLabel = 
  inc(p.labels)
  result = con("LA", toRope(p.labels))

proc fixLabel(p: BProc, labl: TLabel) = 
  lineF(p, cpsStmts, "$1: ;$n", [labl])

proc genVarPrototype(m: BModule, sym: PSym)
proc requestConstImpl(p: BProc, sym: PSym)
proc genProc(m: BModule, prc: PSym)
proc genStmts(p: BProc, t: PNode)
proc expr(p: BProc, n: PNode, d: var TLoc)
proc genProcPrototype(m: BModule, sym: PSym)
proc putLocIntoDest(p: BProc, d: var TLoc, s: TLoc)
proc genAssignment(p: BProc, dest, src: TLoc, flags: TAssignmentFlags)
proc intLiteral(i: biggestInt): PRope
proc genLiteral(p: BProc, n: PNode): PRope

proc initLocExpr(p: BProc, e: PNode, result: var TLoc) =
  initLoc(result, locNone, e.typ, OnUnknown)
  expr(p, e, result)

proc lenField: PRope {.inline.} =
  result = toRope(if gCmd != cmdCompileToCpp: "Sup.len" else: "len")

include ccgcalls, "ccgstmts.nim", "ccgexprs.nim"

# ----------------------------- dynamic library handling -----------------
# We don't finalize dynamic libs as this does the OS for us.

proc isGetProcAddr(lib: PLib): bool =
  let n = lib.path
  result = n.kind in nkCallKinds and n.typ != nil and 
    n.typ.kind in {tyPointer, tyProc}

proc loadDynamicLib(m: BModule, lib: PLib) = 
  assert(lib != nil)
  if not lib.generated: 
    lib.generated = true
    var tmp = getGlobalTempName()
    assert(lib.name == nil)
    lib.name = tmp # BUGFIX: cgsym has awful side-effects
    appf(m.s[cfsVars], "static void* $1;$n", [tmp])
    if lib.path.kind in {nkStrLit..nkTripleStrLit}:
      var s: TStringSeq = @[]
      libCandidates(lib.path.strVal, s)
      if gVerbosity >= 2:
        MsgWriteln("Dependency: " & lib.path.strVal)
      var loadlib: PRope = nil
      for i in countup(0, high(s)): 
        inc(m.labels)
        if i > 0: app(loadlib, "||")
        appcg(m, loadlib, "($1 = #nimLoadLibrary((#NimStringDesc*) &$2))$n", 
              [tmp, getStrLit(m, s[i])])
      appcg(m, m.s[cfsDynLibInit], 
            "if (!($1)) #nimLoadLibraryError((#NimStringDesc*) &$2);$n", 
            [loadlib, getStrLit(m, lib.path.strVal)]) 
    else:
      var p = newProc(nil, m)
      p.options = p.options - {optStackTrace, optEndb}
      var dest: TLoc
      initLocExpr(p, lib.path, dest)
      app(m.s[cfsVars], p.s(cpsLocals))
      app(m.s[cfsDynLibInit], p.s(cpsInit))
      app(m.s[cfsDynLibInit], p.s(cpsStmts))
      appcg(m, m.s[cfsDynLibInit], 
           "if (!($1 = #nimLoadLibrary($2))) #nimLoadLibraryError($2);$n", 
           [tmp, rdLoc(dest)])
      
  if lib.name == nil: InternalError("loadDynamicLib")
  
proc mangleDynLibProc(sym: PSym): PRope =
  if sfCompilerProc in sym.flags: 
    # NOTE: sym.loc.r is the external name!
    result = toRope(sym.name.s)
  else:
    result = ropef("Dl_$1", [toRope(sym.id)])
  
proc SymInDynamicLib(m: BModule, sym: PSym) = 
  var lib = sym.annex
  let isCall = isGetProcAddr(lib)
  var extname = sym.loc.r
  if not isCall: loadDynamicLib(m, lib)
  if gCmd == cmdCompileToLLVM: incl(sym.loc.flags, lfIndirect)
  var tmp = mangleDynLibProc(sym)
  sym.loc.r = tmp             # from now on we only need the internal name
  sym.typ.sym = nil           # generate a new name
  inc(m.labels, 2)
  if isCall:
    let n = lib.path
    var a: TLoc
    initLocExpr(m.initProc, n[0], a)
    var params = con(rdLoc(a), "(")
    for i in 1 .. n.len-2:
      initLocExpr(m.initProc, n[i], a)
      params.app(rdLoc(a))
      params.app(", ")
    let load = ropef("\t$1 = ($2) ($3$4));$n",
        [tmp, getTypeDesc(m, sym.typ),
        params, cstringLit(m, m.s[cfsDynLibInit], ropeToStr(extname))])
    var last = lastSon(n)
    if last.kind == nkHiddenStdConv: last = last.sons[1]
    InternalAssert(last.kind == nkStrLit)
    let idx = last.strVal
    if idx.len == 0:
      app(m.initProc.s(cpsStmts), load)
    elif idx.len == 1 and idx[0] in {'0'..'9'}:
      app(m.extensionLoaders[idx[0]], load)
    else:
      InternalError(sym.info, "wrong index: " & idx)
  else:
    appcg(m, m.s[cfsDynLibInit], 
        "\t$1 = ($2) #nimGetProcAddr($3, $4);$n", 
        [tmp, getTypeDesc(m, sym.typ), 
        lib.name, cstringLit(m, m.s[cfsDynLibInit], ropeToStr(extname))])
  appff(m.s[cfsVars], "$2 $1;$n", 
      "$1 = linkonce global $2 zeroinitializer$n", 
      [sym.loc.r, getTypeDesc(m, sym.loc.t)])

proc VarInDynamicLib(m: BModule, sym: PSym) = 
  var lib = sym.annex
  var extname = sym.loc.r
  loadDynamicLib(m, lib)
  incl(sym.loc.flags, lfIndirect)
  var tmp = mangleDynLibProc(sym)
  sym.loc.r = tmp             # from now on we only need the internal name
  inc(m.labels, 2)
  appcg(m, m.s[cfsDynLibInit], 
      "$1 = ($2*) #nimGetProcAddr($3, $4);$n", 
      [tmp, getTypeDesc(m, sym.typ), 
      lib.name, cstringLit(m, m.s[cfsDynLibInit], ropeToStr(extname))])
  appf(m.s[cfsVars], "$2* $1;$n",
      [sym.loc.r, getTypeDesc(m, sym.loc.t)])

proc SymInDynamicLibPartial(m: BModule, sym: PSym) =
  sym.loc.r = mangleDynLibProc(sym)
  sym.typ.sym = nil           # generate a new name

proc cgsym(m: BModule, name: string): PRope = 
  var sym = magicsys.getCompilerProc(name)
  if sym != nil: 
    case sym.kind
    of skProc, skMethod, skConverter, skIterator: genProc(m, sym)
    of skVar, skResult, skLet: genVarPrototype(m, sym)
    of skType: discard getTypeDesc(m, sym.typ)
    else: InternalError("cgsym: " & name)
  else:
    # we used to exclude the system module from this check, but for DLL
    # generation support this sloppyness leads to hard to detect bugs, so
    # we're picky here for the system module too:
    rawMessage(errSystemNeeds, name)
  result = sym.loc.r
  
proc generateHeaders(m: BModule) = 
  app(m.s[cfsHeaders], tnl & "#include \"nimbase.h\"" & tnl)
  var it = PStrEntry(m.headerFiles.head)
  while it != nil: 
    if it.data[0] notin {'\"', '<'}: 
      appf(m.s[cfsHeaders], "$N#include \"$1\"$N", [toRope(it.data)])
    else: 
      appf(m.s[cfsHeaders], "$N#include $1$N", [toRope(it.data)])
    it = PStrEntry(it.Next)

proc retIsNotVoid(s: PSym): bool = 
  result = (s.typ.sons[0] != nil) and not isInvalidReturnType(s.typ.sons[0])

proc initFrame(p: BProc, procname, filename: PRope): PRope =
  discard cgsym(p.module, "pushFrame")
  if p.maxFrameLen > 0:
    discard cgsym(p.module, "TVarSlot")
    result = rfmt(nil, "\tnimfrs($1, $2, $3, $4)$N",
                  procname, filename, p.maxFrameLen.toRope,
                  p.blocks[0].frameLen.toRope)
  else:
    result = rfmt(nil, "\tnimfr($1, $2)$N", procname, filename)

proc deinitFrame(p: BProc): PRope =
  result = rfmt(p.module, "\t#popFrame();$n")

proc closureSetup(p: BProc, prc: PSym) =
  if tfCapturesEnv notin prc.typ.flags: return
  # prc.ast[paramsPos].last contains the type we're after:
  var ls = lastSon(prc.ast[paramsPos])
  if ls.kind != nkSym:
    InternalError(prc.info, "closure generation failed")
  var env = ls.sym
  #echo "created environment: ", env.id, " for ", prc.name.s
  assignLocalVar(p, env)
  # generate cast assignment:
  linefmt(p, cpsStmts, "$1 = ($2) ClEnv;$n",
          rdLoc(env.loc), getTypeDesc(p.module, env.typ))

proc genProcAux(m: BModule, prc: PSym) =
  var p = newProc(prc, m)
  var header = genProcHeader(m, prc)
  var returnStmt: PRope = nil
  assert(prc.ast != nil)
  if sfPure notin prc.flags and prc.typ.sons[0] != nil:
    var res = prc.ast.sons[resultPos].sym # get result symbol
    if not isInvalidReturnType(prc.typ.sons[0]):
      if sfNoInit in prc.flags: incl(res.flags, sfNoInit)
      # declare the result symbol:
      assignLocalVar(p, res)
      assert(res.loc.r != nil)
      returnStmt = rfmt(nil, "\treturn $1;$n", rdLoc(res.loc))
      initLocalVar(p, res, immediateAsgn=false)
    else:
      fillResult(res)
      assignParam(p, res)
      if skipTypes(res.typ, abstractInst).kind == tyArray: 
        incl(res.loc.flags, lfIndirect)
        res.loc.s = OnUnknown
    
  for i in countup(1, sonsLen(prc.typ.n) - 1): 
    var param = prc.typ.n.sons[i].sym
    if param.typ.isCompileTimeOnly: continue
    assignParam(p, param)
  closureSetup(p, prc)
  genStmts(p, prc.getBody) # modifies p.locals, p.init, etc.
  var generatedProc: PRope
  if sfPure in prc.flags:
    if hasNakedDeclspec in extccomp.CC[extccomp.ccompiler].props:
      header = con("__declspec(naked) ", header)
    generatedProc = rfmt(nil, "$N$1 {$n$2$3$4}$N$N",
                         header, p.s(cpsLocals), p.s(cpsInit), p.s(cpsStmts))
  else:
    generatedProc = rfmt(nil, "$N$1 {$N", header)
    app(generatedProc, initGCFrame(p))
    if optStackTrace in prc.options: 
      app(generatedProc, p.s(cpsLocals))
      var procname = CStringLit(p, generatedProc, prc.name.s)
      app(generatedProc, initFrame(p, procname, prc.info.quotedFilename))
    else: 
      app(generatedProc, p.s(cpsLocals))
    if (optProfiler in prc.options) and (gCmd != cmdCompileToLLVM):
      # invoke at proc entry for recursion:
      appcg(p, cpsInit, "\t#nimProfile();$n", [])
    app(generatedProc, p.s(cpsInit))
    app(generatedProc, p.s(cpsStmts))
    if p.beforeRetNeeded: app(generatedProc, ~"\tBeforeRet: ;$n")
    app(generatedProc, deinitGCFrame(p))
    if optStackTrace in prc.options: app(generatedProc, deinitFrame(p))
    app(generatedProc, returnStmt)
    app(generatedProc, ~"}$N")
  app(m.s[cfsProcs], generatedProc)
  
proc genProcPrototype(m: BModule, sym: PSym) = 
  useHeader(m, sym)
  if lfNoDecl in sym.loc.Flags: return 
  if lfDynamicLib in sym.loc.Flags:
    if getModule(sym).id != m.module.id and
        not ContainsOrIncl(m.declaredThings, sym.id): 
      app(m.s[cfsVars], rfmt(nil, "extern $1 $2;$n",
                        getTypeDesc(m, sym.loc.t), mangleDynLibProc(sym)))
      if gCmd == cmdCompileToLLVM: incl(sym.loc.flags, lfIndirect)
  elif not ContainsOrIncl(m.declaredProtos, sym.id):
    var header = genProcHeader(m, sym)
    if sfPure in sym.flags and hasNakedAttribute in CC[ccompiler].props:
      header.app(" __attribute__((naked))")
    app(m.s[cfsProcHeaders], rfmt(nil, "$1;$n", header))

proc genProcNoForward(m: BModule, prc: PSym) = 
  fillProcLoc(prc)
  useHeader(m, prc)
  if lfImportCompilerProc in prc.loc.flags:
    # dependency to a compilerproc:
    discard cgsym(m, prc.name.s)
    return  
  genProcPrototype(m, prc)
  if lfNoDecl in prc.loc.Flags: nil
  elif prc.typ.callConv == ccInline:
    # We add inline procs to the calling module to enable C based inlining.
    # This also means that a check with ``q.declaredThings`` is wrong, we need
    # a check for ``m.declaredThings``.
    if not ContainsOrIncl(m.declaredThings, prc.id): genProcAux(m, prc)
  elif lfDynamicLib in prc.loc.flags:
    var q = findPendingModule(m, prc)
    if q != nil and not ContainsOrIncl(q.declaredThings, prc.id): 
      SymInDynamicLib(q, prc)
    else:
      SymInDynamicLibPartial(m, prc)
  elif sfImportc notin prc.flags:
    var q = findPendingModule(m, prc)
    if q != nil and not ContainsOrIncl(q.declaredThings, prc.id): 
      genProcAux(q, prc)

proc requestConstImpl(p: BProc, sym: PSym) =
  var m = p.module
  useHeader(m, sym)
  if sym.loc.k == locNone:
    fillLoc(sym.loc, locData, sym.typ, mangleName(sym), OnUnknown)
  if lfNoDecl in sym.loc.Flags: return
  # declare implementation:
  var q = findPendingModule(m, sym)
  if q != nil and not ContainsOrIncl(q.declaredThings, sym.id):
    assert q.initProc.module == q
    appf(q.s[cfsData], "NIM_CONST $1 $2 = $3;$n",
        [getTypeDesc(q, sym.typ), sym.loc.r, genConstExpr(q.initProc, sym.ast)])
  # declare header:
  if q != m and not ContainsOrIncl(m.declaredThings, sym.id):
    assert(sym.loc.r != nil)
    let headerDecl = ropef("extern NIM_CONST $1 $2;$n",
        [getTypeDesc(m, sym.loc.t), sym.loc.r])
    app(m.s[cfsData], headerDecl)
    if sfExportc in sym.flags and generatedHeader != nil:
      app(generatedHeader.s[cfsData], headerDecl)

proc isActivated(prc: PSym): bool = prc.typ != nil

proc genProc(m: BModule, prc: PSym) = 
  if sfBorrow in prc.flags or not isActivated(prc): return
  fillProcLoc(prc)
  if sfForward in prc.flags: addForwardedProc(m, prc)
  else:
    genProcNoForward(m, prc)
    if {sfExportc, sfCompilerProc} * prc.flags == {sfExportc} and
        generatedHeader != nil and lfNoDecl notin prc.loc.Flags:
      genProcPrototype(generatedHeader, prc)
      if prc.typ.callConv == ccInline:
        if not ContainsOrIncl(generatedHeader.declaredThings, prc.id): 
          genProcAux(generatedHeader, prc)

proc genVarPrototypeAux(m: BModule, sym: PSym) = 
  assert(sfGlobal in sym.flags)
  useHeader(m, sym)
  fillLoc(sym.loc, locGlobalVar, sym.typ, mangleName(sym), OnHeap)
  if (lfNoDecl in sym.loc.Flags) or ContainsOrIncl(m.declaredThings, sym.id): 
    return 
  if sym.owner.id != m.module.id: 
    # else we already have the symbol generated!
    assert(sym.loc.r != nil)
    if sfThread in sym.flags: 
      declareThreadVar(m, sym, true)
    else:
      app(m.s[cfsVars], "extern ")
      app(m.s[cfsVars], getTypeDesc(m, sym.loc.t))
      if lfDynamicLib in sym.loc.flags: app(m.s[cfsVars], "*")
      if sfRegister in sym.flags: app(m.s[cfsVars], " register")
      if sfVolatile in sym.flags: app(m.s[cfsVars], " volatile")
      appf(m.s[cfsVars], " $1;$n", [sym.loc.r])

proc genVarPrototype(m: BModule, sym: PSym) =
  genVarPrototypeAux(m, sym)

proc addIntTypes(result: var PRope) {.inline.} =
  appf(result, "#define NIM_INTBITS $1", [
    platform.CPU[targetCPU].intSize.toRope])

proc getCopyright(cfilenoext: string): PRope = 
  if optCompileOnly in gGlobalOptions: 
    result = ropeff("/* Generated by Nimrod Compiler v$1 */$n" &
        "/*   (c) 2012 Andreas Rumpf */$n" &
        "/* The generated code is subject to the original license. */$n",
        "; Generated by Nimrod Compiler v$1$n" &
        ";   (c) 2012 Andreas Rumpf$n", [toRope(versionAsString)])
  else: 
    result = ropeff("/* Generated by Nimrod Compiler v$1 */$n" &
        "/*   (c) 2012 Andreas Rumpf */$n" & 
        "/* The generated code is subject to the original license. */$n" &
        "/* Compiled for: $2, $3, $4 */$n" &
        "/* Command for C compiler:$n   $5 */$n", 
        "; Generated by Nimrod Compiler v$1$n" &
        ";   (c) 2012 Andreas Rumpf$n" & 
        "; Compiled for: $2, $3, $4$n" &
        "; Command for LLVM compiler:$n   $5$n", [toRope(versionAsString), 
        toRope(platform.OS[targetOS].name), 
        toRope(platform.CPU[targetCPU].name), 
        toRope(extccomp.CC[extccomp.ccompiler].name), 
        toRope(getCompileCFileCmd(cfilenoext))])

proc getFileHeader(cfilenoext: string): PRope = 
  result = getCopyright(cfilenoext)
  addIntTypes(result)

proc genFilenames(m: BModule): PRope =
  discard cgsym(m, "dbgRegisterFilename")
  result = nil
  for i in 0.. <fileInfos.len:
    result.appf("dbgRegisterFilename($1);$n", fileInfos[i].projPath.makeCString)

proc genMainProc(m: BModule) = 
  const 
    CommonMainBody =
        "\tsystemDatInit();$n" &
        "\tsystemInit();$n" &
        "$1" &
        "$2" &
        "$3" &
        "$4"
    PosixNimMain = 
        "int cmdCount;$n" & 
        "char** cmdLine;$n" & 
        "char** gEnv;$n" &
        "N_CDECL(void, NimMain)(void) {$n" &
        CommonMainBody & "}$n"
    PosixCMain = "int main(int argc, char** args, char** env) {$n" &
        "\tcmdLine = args;$n" & "\tcmdCount = argc;$n" & "\tgEnv = env;$n" &
        "\tNimMain();$n" & "\treturn nim_program_result;$n" & "}$n"
    StandaloneCMain = "int main(void) {$n" &
        "\tNimMain();$n" & 
        "\treturn 0;$n" & "}$n"
    WinNimMain = "N_CDECL(void, NimMain)(void) {$n" &
        CommonMainBody & "}$n"
    WinCMain = "N_STDCALL(int, WinMain)(HINSTANCE hCurInstance, $n" &
        "                        HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, $n" &
        "                        LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) {$n" &
        "\tNimMain();$n" & "\treturn nim_program_result;$n" & "}$n"
    WinNimDllMain = "N_LIB_EXPORT N_CDECL(void, NimMain)(void) {$n" &
        CommonMainBody & "}$n"
    WinCDllMain = 
        "BOOL WINAPI DllMain(HINSTANCE hinstDLL, DWORD fwdreason, $n" &
        "                    LPVOID lpvReserved) {$n" &
          "\tif(fwdreason == DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH) NimMain();$n" &
        "\treturn 1;$n" & "}$n"
    PosixNimDllMain = WinNimDllMain
    PosixCDllMain = 
        "void NIM_POSIX_INIT NimMainInit(void) {$n" &
        "\tNimMain();$n}$n"
  var nimMain, otherMain: TFormatStr
  if platform.targetOS == osWindows and
      gGlobalOptions * {optGenGuiApp, optGenDynLib} != {}: 
    if optGenGuiApp in gGlobalOptions: 
      nimMain = WinNimMain
      otherMain = WinCMain
    else: 
      nimMain = WinNimDllMain
      otherMain = WinCDllMain
    discard lists.IncludeStr(m.headerFiles, "<windows.h>")
  elif optGenDynLib in gGlobalOptions:
    nimMain = posixNimDllMain
    otherMain = posixCDllMain
  elif platform.targetOS == osStandalone:
    nimMain = PosixNimMain
    otherMain = StandaloneCMain
  else:
    nimMain = PosixNimMain
    otherMain = PosixCMain
  if gBreakpoints != nil: discard cgsym(m, "dbgRegisterBreakpoint")
  if optEndb in gOptions:
    gBreakpoints.app(m.genFilenames)
  
  let initStackBottomCall = if emulatedThreadVars() or
                              platform.targetOS == osStandalone: "".toRope
                            else: ropecg(m, "\t#initStackBottom();$n")
  inc(m.labels)
  appcg(m, m.s[cfsProcs], nimMain, [mainDatInit, initStackBottomCall,
        gBreakpoints, mainModInit, toRope(m.labels)])
  if optNoMain notin gGlobalOptions:
    appcg(m, m.s[cfsProcs], otherMain, [])

proc getSomeInitName(m: PSym, suffix: string): PRope =
  if {sfSystemModule, sfMainModule} * m.flags == {}:
    result = m.info.toFullPath.getPackageName.mangle.toRope
  result.app m.name.s
  result.app suffix
  
proc getInitName(m: PSym): PRope = getSomeInitName(m, "Init")
proc getDatInitName(m: PSym): PRope = getSomeInitName(m, "DatInit")

proc registerModuleToMain(m: PSym) = 
  var
    init = m.getInitName
    datInit = m.getDatInitName
  appff(mainModProcs, "N_NOINLINE(void, $1)(void);$N",
                      "declare void $1() noinline$N", [init])
  appff(mainModProcs, "N_NOINLINE(void, $1)(void);$N",
                      "declare void $1() noinline$N", [datInit])
  if not (sfSystemModule in m.flags):
    appff(mainModInit, "\t$1();$n", "call void ()* $1$n", [init])
    appff(mainDatInit, "\t$1();$n", "call void ()* $1$n", [datInit])
  
proc genInitCode(m: BModule) = 
  var initname = getInitName(m.module)
  var prc = ropeff("N_NOINLINE(void, $1)(void) {$n", 
                   "define void $1() noinline {$n", [initname])
  if m.typeNodes > 0: 
    appcg(m, m.s[cfsTypeInit1], "static #TNimNode $1[$2];$n", 
          [m.typeNodesName, toRope(m.typeNodes)])
  if m.nimTypes > 0: 
    appcg(m, m.s[cfsTypeInit1], "static #TNimType $1[$2];$n", 
          [m.nimTypesName, toRope(m.nimTypes)])
  
  app(prc, initGCFrame(m.initProc))
 
  app(prc, genSectionStart(cpsLocals))
  app(prc, m.preInitProc.s(cpsLocals))
  app(prc, m.initProc.s(cpsLocals))
  app(prc, m.postInitProc.s(cpsLocals))
  app(prc, genSectionEnd(cpsLocals))

  if optStackTrace in m.initProc.options and not m.FrameDeclared:
    # BUT: the generated init code might depend on a current frame, so
    # declare it nevertheless:
    m.FrameDeclared = true
    if not m.PreventStackTrace:
      var procname = CStringLit(m.initProc, prc, m.module.name.s)
      app(prc, initFrame(m.initProc, procname, m.module.info.quotedFilename))
    else:
      app(prc, ~"\tTFrame F; F.len = 0;$N")
    
  app(prc, genSectionStart(cpsInit))
  app(prc, m.preInitProc.s(cpsInit))
  app(prc, m.initProc.s(cpsInit))
  app(prc, m.postInitProc.s(cpsInit))
  app(prc, genSectionEnd(cpsInit))

  app(prc, genSectionStart(cpsStmts))
  app(prc, m.preInitProc.s(cpsStmts))
  app(prc, m.initProc.s(cpsStmts))
  app(prc, m.postInitProc.s(cpsStmts))
  app(prc, genSectionEnd(cpsStmts))
  if optStackTrace in m.initProc.options and not m.PreventStackTrace:
    app(prc, deinitFrame(m.initProc))
  app(prc, deinitGCFrame(m.initProc))
  appf(prc, "}$N$N")

  prc.appff("N_NOINLINE(void, $1)(void) {$n",
            "define void $1() noinline {$n", [getDatInitName(m.module)])

  for i in cfsTypeInit1..cfsDynLibInit:
    app(prc, genSectionStart(i))
    app(prc, m.s[i])
    app(prc, genSectionEnd(i))
  
  appf(prc, "}$N$N")
  # we cannot simply add the init proc to ``m.s[cfsProcs]`` anymore because
  # that would lead to a *nesting* of merge sections which the merger does
  # not support. So we add it to another special section: ``cfsInitProc``
  app(m.s[cfsInitProc], prc)
  
  for i, el in pairs(m.extensionLoaders):
    if el != nil:
      let ex = ropef("N_NIMCALL(void, nimLoadProcs$1)(void) {$2}$N$N",
        (i.ord - '0'.ord).toRope, el)
      app(m.s[cfsInitProc], ex)

proc genModule(m: BModule, cfilenoext: string): PRope = 
  result = getFileHeader(cfilenoext)
  result.app(genMergeInfo(m))
  
  generateHeaders(m)

  generateThreadLocalStorage(m)
  for i in countup(cfsHeaders, cfsProcs): 
    app(result, genSectionStart(i))
    app(result, m.s[i])
    app(result, genSectionEnd(i))
  app(result, m.s[cfsInitProc])

proc newPreInitProc(m: BModule): BProc =
  result = newProc(nil, m)
  # little hack so that unique temporaries are generated:
  result.labels = 100_000

proc newPostInitProc(m: BModule): BProc =
  result = newProc(nil, m)
  # little hack so that unique temporaries are generated:
  result.labels = 200_000

proc initProcOptions(m: BModule): TOptions = 
  if sfSystemModule in m.module.flags: gOptions-{optStackTrace} else: gOptions

proc rawNewModule(module: PSym, filename: string): BModule =
  new(result)
  InitLinkedList(result.headerFiles)
  result.declaredThings = initIntSet()
  result.declaredProtos = initIntSet()
  result.cfilename = filename
  result.filename = filename
  initIdTable(result.typeCache)
  initIdTable(result.forwTypeCache)
  result.module = module
  result.typeInfoMarker = initIntSet()
  result.initProc = newProc(nil, result)
  result.initProc.options = initProcOptions(result)
  result.preInitProc = newPreInitProc(result)
  result.postInitProc = newPostInitProc(result)
  initNodeTable(result.dataCache)
  result.typeStack = @[]
  result.forwardedProcs = @[]
  result.typeNodesName = getTempName()
  result.nimTypesName = getTempName()
  # no line tracing for the init sections of the system module so that we
  # don't generate a TFrame which can confuse the stack botton initialization:
  if sfSystemModule in module.flags:
    result.PreventStackTrace = true
    excl(result.preInitProc.options, optStackTrace)
    excl(result.postInitProc.options, optStackTrace)

proc nullify[T](arr: var T) =
  for i in low(arr)..high(arr):
    arr[i] = nil

proc resetModule*(m: var BModule) =
  # between two compilations in CAAS mode, we can throw
  # away all the data that was written to disk
  InitLinkedList(m.headerFiles)
  m.declaredProtos = initIntSet()
  initIdTable(m.forwTypeCache)
  m.initProc = newProc(nil, m)
  m.initProc.options = initProcOptions(m)
  m.preInitProc = newPreInitProc(m)
  m.postInitProc = newPostInitProc(m)
  initNodeTable(m.dataCache)
  m.typeStack = @[]
  m.forwardedProcs = @[]
  m.typeNodesName = getTempName()
  m.nimTypesName = getTempName()
  m.PreventStackTrace = sfSystemModule in m.module.flags
  nullify m.s
  m.usesThreadVars = false
  m.typeNodes = 0
  m.nimTypes = 0
  nullify m.extensionLoaders
  
  # indicate that this is now cached module
  # the cache will be invalidated by nullifying gModules
  m.fromCache = true
  
  # we keep only the "merge info" information for the module
  # and the properties that can't change:
  # m.filename
  # m.cfilename
  # m.isHeaderFile
  # m.module ?
  # m.typeCache
  # m.declaredThings
  # m.typeInfoMarker
  # m.labels
  # m.FrameDeclared

proc resetCgenModules* =
  for m in cgenModules(): resetModule(m)

proc rawNewModule(module: PSym): BModule =
  result = rawNewModule(module, module.position.int32.toFullPath)

proc newModule(module: PSym): BModule =
  # we should create only one cgen module for each module sym
  InternalAssert getCgenModule(module) == nil

  result = rawNewModule(module)
  growCache gModules, module.position
  gModules[module.position] = result

  if (optDeadCodeElim in gGlobalOptions): 
    if (sfDeadCodeElim in module.flags): 
      InternalError("added pending module twice: " & module.filename)

proc myOpen(module: PSym): PPassContext = 
  result = newModule(module)
  if optGenIndex in gGlobalOptions and generatedHeader == nil:
    let f = if headerFile.len > 0: headerFile else: gProjectFull
    generatedHeader = rawNewModule(module,
      changeFileExt(completeCFilePath(f), hExt))
    generatedHeader.isHeaderFile = true

proc writeHeader(m: BModule) =
  var result = getCopyright(m.filename)
  var guard = ropef("__$1__", m.filename.splitFile.name.toRope)
  result.appf("#ifndef $1$n#define $1$n", guard)
  addIntTypes(result)
  generateHeaders(m)

  generateThreadLocalStorage(m)
  for i in countup(cfsHeaders, cfsProcs): 
    app(result, genSectionStart(i))
    app(result, m.s[i])
    app(result, genSectionEnd(i))
  app(result, m.s[cfsInitProc])
  
  if optGenDynLib in gGlobalOptions:
    result.app("N_LIB_IMPORT ")
  result.appf("N_CDECL(void, NimMain)(void);$n")
  result.appf("#endif /* $1 */$n", guard)
  writeRope(result, m.filename)

proc getCFile(m: BModule): string =
  result = changeFileExt(completeCFilePath(m.cfilename.withPackageName), cExt)

proc myOpenCached(module: PSym, rd: PRodReader): PPassContext =
  assert optSymbolFiles in gGlobalOptions
  var m = newModule(module)
  readMergeInfo(getCFile(m), m)
  result = m

proc myProcess(b: PPassContext, n: PNode): PNode = 
  result = n
  if b == nil or passes.skipCodegen(n): return
  var m = BModule(b)
  m.initProc.options = initProcOptions(m)
  genStmts(m.initProc, n)

proc finishModule(m: BModule) = 
  var i = 0
  while i <= high(m.forwardedProcs): 
    # Note: ``genProc`` may add to ``m.forwardedProcs``, so we cannot use
    # a ``for`` loop here
    var prc = m.forwardedProcs[i]
    if sfForward in prc.flags: 
      InternalError(prc.info, "still forwarded: " & prc.name.s)
    genProcNoForward(m, prc)
    inc(i)
  assert(gForwardedProcsCounter >= i)
  dec(gForwardedProcsCounter, i)
  setlen(m.forwardedProcs, 0)

proc shouldRecompile(code: PRope, cfile, cfilenoext: string): bool = 
  result = true
  if optForceFullMake notin gGlobalOptions:
    var objFile = toObjFile(cfilenoext)
    if writeRopeIfNotEqual(code, cfile): return 
    if ExistsFile(objFile) and os.FileNewer(objFile, cfile): result = false
  else: 
    writeRope(code, cfile)

# We need 2 different logics here: pending modules (including
# 'nim__dat') may require file merging for the combination of dead code
# elimination and incremental compilation! Non pending modules need no
# such logic and in fact the logic hurts for the main module at least;
# it would generate multiple 'main' procs, for instance.

proc writeModule(m: BModule, pending: bool) =
  # generate code for the init statements of the module:
  var cfile = getCFile(m)
  var cfilenoext = changeFileExt(cfile, "")
  
  if not m.fromCache or optForceFullMake in gGlobalOptions:
    genInitCode(m)
    finishTypeDescriptions(m)
    if sfMainModule in m.module.flags: 
      # generate main file:
      app(m.s[cfsProcHeaders], mainModProcs)
      GenerateThreadVarsSize(m)
    
    var code = genModule(m, cfilenoext)
    when hasTinyCBackend:
      if gCmd == cmdRun:
        tccgen.compileCCode(ropeToStr(code))
        return

    if shouldRecompile(code, cfile, cfilenoext):
      addFileToCompile(cfilenoext)
  elif pending and mergeRequired(m) and sfMainModule notin m.module.flags:
    mergeFiles(cfile, m)
    genInitCode(m)
    finishTypeDescriptions(m)
    var code = genModule(m, cfilenoext)
    writeRope(code, cfile)
    addFileToCompile(cfilenoext)
  elif not ExistsFile(toObjFile(cfilenoext)):
    # Consider: first compilation compiles ``system.nim`` and produces
    # ``system.c`` but then compilation fails due to an error. This means
    # that ``system.o`` is missing, so we need to call the C compiler for it:
    addFileToCompile(cfilenoext)
  
  addFileToLink(cfilenoext)

proc updateCachedModule(m: BModule) =
  let cfile = getCFile(m)
  let cfilenoext = changeFileExt(cfile, "")
  
  if mergeRequired(m) and sfMainModule notin m.module.flags:
    mergeFiles(cfile, m)
    genInitCode(m)
    finishTypeDescriptions(m)
    var code = genModule(m, cfilenoext)
    writeRope(code, cfile)
    addFileToCompile(cfilenoext)

  addFileToLink(cfilenoext)

proc myClose(b: PPassContext, n: PNode): PNode = 
  result = n
  if b == nil or passes.skipCodegen(n): return 
  var m = BModule(b)
  if n != nil: 
    m.initProc.options = initProcOptions(m)
    genStmts(m.initProc, n)
  # cached modules need to registered too: 
  registerModuleToMain(m.module)

  if sfMainModule in m.module.flags: 
    var disp = generateMethodDispatchers()
    for i in 0..sonsLen(disp)-1: genProcAux(m, disp.sons[i].sym)
    genMainProc(m)

proc cgenWriteModules* =
  # we need to process the transitive closure because recursive module
  # deps are allowed (and the system module is processed in the wrong
  # order anyway)
  if generatedHeader != nil: finishModule(generatedHeader)
  while gForwardedProcsCounter > 0:
    for m in cgenModules():
      if not m.fromCache:
        finishModule(m)
  for m in cgenModules():
    if m.fromCache:
      m.updateCachedModule
    else:
      m.writeModule(pending=true)
  writeMapping(gMapping)
  if generatedHeader != nil: writeHeader(generatedHeader)

const cgenPass* = makePass(myOpen, myOpenCached, myProcess, myClose)