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diff --git a/doc/manual_experimental.md b/doc/manual_experimental.md index 93d993879..6e11e03ea 100644 --- a/doc/manual_experimental.md +++ b/doc/manual_experimental.md @@ -2130,3 +2130,79 @@ can be used in an `isolate` context: The `.sendable` pragma itself is an experimenal, unchecked, unsafe annotation. It is currently only used by `Isolated[T]`. + +Virtual pragma +---------------- + +`virtual` is designed to extend or create virtual functions when targeting the cpp backend. When a proc is marked with virtual, it forward declares the proc header within the type's body. + +Here's an example of how to use the virtual pragma: + +```nim + +proc newCpp*[T](): ptr T {.importcpp: "new '*0()".} +type + Foo = object of RootObj + FooPtr = ptr Foo + Boo = object of Foo + BooPtr = ptr Boo + +proc salute(self: FooPtr) {.virtual.} = + echo "hello foo" + +proc salute(self: BooPtr) {.virtual.} = + echo "hello boo" + +let foo = newCpp[Foo]() +let boo = newCpp[Boo]() +let booAsFoo = cast[FooPtr](newCpp[Boo]()) + +foo.salute() # prints hello foo +boo.salute() # prints hello boo +booAsFoo.salute() # prints hello boo + +``` +In this example, the `salute` function is virtual in both Foo and Boo types. This allows for polymorphism. + +The virtual pragma also supports a special syntax to express Cpp constraints. Here's how it works: + +`$1` refers to the function name +`'idx` refers to the type of the argument at the position idx. Where idx = 1 is the `this` argument. +`#idx` refers to the argument name. + +The return type can be referred to as `-> '0`, but this is optional and often not needed. + + ```nim + {.emit:"""/*TYPESECTION*/ +#include <iostream> + class CppPrinter { + public: + + virtual void printConst(char* message) const { + std::cout << "Const Message: " << message << std::endl; + } + virtual void printConstRef(char* message, const int& flag) const { + std::cout << "Const Ref Message: " << message << std::endl; + } +}; +""".} + +type + CppPrinter {.importcpp, inheritable.} = object + NimPrinter {.exportc.} = object of CppPrinter + +proc printConst(self: CppPrinter; message:cstring) {.importcpp.} +CppPrinter().printConst(message) + +# override is optional. +proc printConst(self: NimPrinter; message: cstring) {.virtual: "$1('2 #2) const override".} = + echo "NimPrinter: " & $message + +proc printConstRef(self: NimPrinter; message: cstring; flag:int32) {.virtual: "$1('2 #2, const '3& #3 ) const override".} = + echo "NimPrinterConstRef: " & $message + +NimPrinter().printConst(message) +var val: int32 = 10 +NimPrinter().printConstRef(message, val) + +``` \ No newline at end of file |