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-rw-r--r--compiler/ast.nim384
-rw-r--r--compiler/evalffi.nim1
-rw-r--r--compiler/evaltempl.nim10
-rw-r--r--compiler/importer.nim2
-rw-r--r--compiler/parser.nim3
-rw-r--r--compiler/renderer.nim10
-rw-r--r--compiler/semexprs.nim429
-rw-r--r--compiler/semgnrc.nim2
-rw-r--r--compiler/seminst.nim32
-rw-r--r--compiler/sempass2.nim2
-rw-r--r--compiler/semstmts.nim2
-rw-r--r--compiler/semtypes.nim15
-rw-r--r--compiler/semtypinst.nim2
-rw-r--r--compiler/sigmatch.nim2
-rw-r--r--compiler/types.nim17
-rw-r--r--compiler/typesrenderer.nim1
-rw-r--r--lib/core/macros.nim2
-rw-r--r--lib/pure/asyncdispatch.nim62
-rw-r--r--lib/pure/pegs.nim310
-rw-r--r--lib/pure/unicode.nim22
-rw-r--r--tests/ccgbugs/tstringslice.nim10
-rw-r--r--tests/misc/parsecomb.nim105
-rw-r--r--tests/misc/tparsecombnum.nim55
-rw-r--r--tests/template/texponential_eval.nim47
-rw-r--r--tests/testament/categories.nim5
-rw-r--r--tests/testament/tester.nim30
26 files changed, 914 insertions, 648 deletions
diff --git a/compiler/ast.nim b/compiler/ast.nim
index 1462d58d5..36e86a6f1 100644
--- a/compiler/ast.nim
+++ b/compiler/ast.nim
@@ -9,12 +9,12 @@
 
 # abstract syntax tree + symbol table
 
-import 
-  msgs, hashes, nversion, options, strutils, crc, ropes, idents, lists, 
+import
+  msgs, hashes, nversion, options, strutils, crc, ropes, idents, lists,
   intsets, idgen
 
 type
-  TCallingConvention* = enum 
+  TCallingConvention* = enum
     ccDefault,                # proc has no explicit calling convention
     ccStdCall,                # procedure is stdcall
     ccCDecl,                  # cdecl
@@ -26,12 +26,12 @@ type
     ccClosure,                # proc has a closure
     ccNoConvention            # needed for generating proper C procs sometimes
 
-const 
-  CallingConvToStr*: array[TCallingConvention, string] = ["", "stdcall", 
+const
+  CallingConvToStr*: array[TCallingConvention, string] = ["", "stdcall",
     "cdecl", "safecall", "syscall", "inline", "noinline", "fastcall",
     "closure", "noconv"]
 
-type 
+type
   TNodeKind* = enum # order is extremely important, because ranges are used
                     # to check whether a node belongs to a certain class
     nkNone,               # unknown node kind: indicates an error
@@ -64,13 +64,13 @@ type
                           # end of atoms
     nkMetaNode_Obsolete,  # difficult to explain; represents itself
                           # (used for macros)
-    nkDotCall,            # used to temporarily flag a nkCall node; 
+    nkDotCall,            # used to temporarily flag a nkCall node;
                           # this is used
                           # for transforming ``s.len`` to ``len(s)``
 
     nkCommand,            # a call like ``p 2, 4`` without parenthesis
     nkCall,               # a call like p(x, y) or an operation like +(a, b)
-    nkCallStrLit,         # a call with a string literal 
+    nkCallStrLit,         # a call with a string literal
                           # x"abc" has two sons: nkIdent, nkRStrLit
                           # x"""abc""" has two sons: nkIdent, nkTripleStrLit
     nkInfix,              # a call like (a + b)
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ type
 
     nkAsgn,               # a = b
     nkFastAsgn,           # internal node for a fast ``a = b``
-                          # (no string copy) 
+                          # (no string copy)
     nkGenericParams,      # generic parameters
     nkFormalParams,       # formal parameters
     nkOfInherit,          # inherited from symbol
@@ -192,10 +192,11 @@ type
 
     nkWith,               # distinct with `foo`
     nkWithout,            # distinct without `foo`
-    
+
     nkTypeOfExpr,         # type(1+2)
     nkObjectTy,           # object body
     nkTupleTy,            # tuple body
+    nkTupleClassTy,       # tuple type class
     nkTypeClassTy,        # user-defined type class
     nkStaticTy,           # ``static[T]``
     nkRecList,            # list of object parts
@@ -226,7 +227,7 @@ type
   TSymFlag* = enum    # already 32 flags!
     sfUsed,           # read access of sym (for warnings) or simply used
     sfExported,       # symbol is exported from module
-    sfFromGeneric,    # symbol is instantiation of a generic; this is needed 
+    sfFromGeneric,    # symbol is instantiation of a generic; this is needed
                       # for symbol file generation; such symbols should always
                       # be written into the ROD file
     sfGlobal,         # symbol is at global scope
@@ -284,9 +285,9 @@ const
 
   sfAnon* = sfDiscardable
     # symbol name that was generated by the compiler
-    # the compiler will avoid printing such names 
+    # the compiler will avoid printing such names
     # in user messages.
-      
+
   sfNoForward* = sfRegister
     # forward declarations are not required (per module)
 
@@ -300,7 +301,7 @@ const
   # getting ready for the future expr/stmt merge
   nkWhen* = nkWhenStmt
   nkWhenExpr* = nkWhenStmt
-  nkEffectList* = nkArgList 
+  nkEffectList* = nkArgList
   # hacks ahead: an nkEffectList is a node with 4 children:
   exceptionEffects* = 0 # exceptions at position 0
   usesEffects* = 1      # read effects at position 1
@@ -321,7 +322,7 @@ type
                          # unless this is an instance of a generic alias type.
                          # then realInstance will be the tyGenericInst of the
                          # completely (recursively) resolved alias.
-                         
+
     tyGenericParam,      # ``a`` in the above patterns
     tyDistinct,
     tyEnum,
@@ -340,14 +341,14 @@ type
     tyInt, tyInt8, tyInt16, tyInt32, tyInt64, # signed integers
     tyFloat, tyFloat32, tyFloat64, tyFloat128,
     tyUInt, tyUInt8, tyUInt16, tyUInt32, tyUInt64,
-    tyBigNum, 
-    tyConst, tyMutable, tyVarargs, 
+    tyBigNum,
+    tyConst, tyMutable, tyVarargs,
     tyIter, # unused
     tyProxy # used as errornous type (for idetools)
-    
+
     tyBuiltInTypeClass #\
       # Type such as the catch-all object, tuple, seq, etc
-    
+
     tyUserTypeClass #\
       # the body of a user-defined type class
 
@@ -357,24 +358,24 @@ type
       # tyGenericInst represents concrete types, while
       # this is still a "generic param" that will bind types
       # and resolves them during sigmatch and instantiation.
-    
+
     tyCompositeTypeClass #\
       # Type such as seq[Number]
-      # The notes for tyUserTypeClassInst apply here as well 
+      # The notes for tyUserTypeClassInst apply here as well
       # sons[0]: the original expression used by the user.
       # sons[1]: fully expanded and instantiated meta type
       # (potentially following aliases)
-    
+
     tyAnd, tyOr, tyNot #\
       # boolean type classes such as `string|int`,`not seq`,
       # `Sortable and Enumable`, etc
-    
+
     tyAnything #\
       # a type class matching any type
-    
+
     tyStatic #\
       # a value known at compile type (the underlying type is .base)
-    
+
     tyFromExpr #\
       # This is a type representing an expression that depends
       # on generic parameters (the expression is stored in t.n)
@@ -390,7 +391,7 @@ type
       # sons[0]: type of containing object or tuple
       # sons[1]: field type
       # .n: nkDotExpr storing the field name
-    
+
 static:
   # remind us when TTypeKind stops to fit in a single 64-bit word
   assert TTypeKind.high.ord <= 63
@@ -408,7 +409,7 @@ const
                     tyAnd, tyOr, tyNot, tyAnything}
 
   tyMetaTypes* = {tyGenericParam, tyTypeDesc, tyExpr} + tyTypeClasses
- 
+
 type
   TTypeKinds* = set[TTypeKind]
 
@@ -429,7 +430,7 @@ type
     nfExprCall  # this is an attempt to call a regular expression
     nfIsRef     # this node is a 'ref' node; used for the VM
     nfIsCursor  # this node is attached a cursor; used for idetools
- 
+
   TNodeFlags* = set[TNodeFlag]
   TTypeFlag* = enum   # keep below 32 for efficiency reasons (now: 28)
     tfVarargs,        # procedure has C styled varargs
@@ -448,7 +449,7 @@ type
                       # proc foo(L: static[int]): array[L, int]
                       # can be attached to ranges to indicate that the range
                       # depends on unresolved static params.
-    tfRetType,        # marks return types in proc (used to detect type classes 
+    tfRetType,        # marks return types in proc (used to detect type classes
                       # used as return types for return type inference)
     tfCapturesEnv,    # whether proc really captures some environment
     tfByCopy,         # pass object/tuple by copy (C backend)
@@ -456,7 +457,7 @@ type
     tfIterator,       # type is really an iterator, not a tyProc
     tfShared,         # type is 'shared'
     tfNotNil,         # type cannot be 'nil'
-    
+
     tfNeedsInit,      # type constains a "not nil" constraint somewhere or some
                       # other type so that it requires inititalization
     tfVarIsPtr,       # 'var' type is translated like 'ptr' even in C++ mode
@@ -520,7 +521,7 @@ const
   tfGcSafe* = tfThread
   tfObjHasKids* = tfEnumHasHoles
   skError* = skUnknown
-  
+
   # type flags that are essential for type equality:
   eqTypeFlags* = {tfIterator, tfShared, tfNotNil, tfVarIsPtr}
 
@@ -531,29 +532,29 @@ type
     mLow, mHigh, mSizeOf, mTypeTrait, mIs, mOf,
     mEcho, mShallowCopy, mSlurp, mStaticExec,
     mParseExprToAst, mParseStmtToAst, mExpandToAst, mQuoteAst,
-    mUnaryLt, mSucc, 
-    mPred, mInc, mDec, mOrd, mNew, mNewFinalize, mNewSeq, mLengthOpenArray, 
-    mLengthStr, mLengthArray, mLengthSeq, mIncl, mExcl, mCard, mChr, mGCref, 
-    mGCunref, mAddI, mSubI, mMulI, mDivI, mModI, mAddI64, mSubI64, mMulI64, 
+    mUnaryLt, mSucc,
+    mPred, mInc, mDec, mOrd, mNew, mNewFinalize, mNewSeq, mLengthOpenArray,
+    mLengthStr, mLengthArray, mLengthSeq, mIncl, mExcl, mCard, mChr, mGCref,
+    mGCunref, mAddI, mSubI, mMulI, mDivI, mModI, mAddI64, mSubI64, mMulI64,
     mDivI64, mModI64,
     mAddF64, mSubF64, mMulF64, mDivF64,
-    mShrI, mShlI, mBitandI, mBitorI, mBitxorI, mMinI, mMaxI, 
+    mShrI, mShlI, mBitandI, mBitorI, mBitxorI, mMinI, mMaxI,
     mShrI64, mShlI64, mBitandI64, mBitorI64, mBitxorI64, mMinI64, mMaxI64,
-    mMinF64, mMaxF64, mAddU, mSubU, mMulU, 
+    mMinF64, mMaxF64, mAddU, mSubU, mMulU,
     mDivU, mModU, mEqI, mLeI,
-    mLtI, 
-    mEqI64, mLeI64, mLtI64, mEqF64, mLeF64, mLtF64, 
-    mLeU, mLtU, mLeU64, mLtU64, 
-    mEqEnum, mLeEnum, mLtEnum, mEqCh, mLeCh, mLtCh, mEqB, mLeB, mLtB, mEqRef, 
+    mLtI,
+    mEqI64, mLeI64, mLtI64, mEqF64, mLeF64, mLtF64,
+    mLeU, mLtU, mLeU64, mLtU64,
+    mEqEnum, mLeEnum, mLtEnum, mEqCh, mLeCh, mLtCh, mEqB, mLeB, mLtB, mEqRef,
     mEqUntracedRef, mLePtr, mLtPtr, mEqCString, mXor, mEqProc, mUnaryMinusI,
-    mUnaryMinusI64, mAbsI, mAbsI64, mNot, 
-    mUnaryPlusI, mBitnotI, mUnaryPlusI64, 
-    mBitnotI64, mUnaryPlusF64, mUnaryMinusF64, mAbsF64, mZe8ToI, mZe8ToI64, 
-    mZe16ToI, mZe16ToI64, mZe32ToI64, mZeIToI64, mToU8, mToU16, mToU32, 
-    mToFloat, mToBiggestFloat, mToInt, mToBiggestInt, mCharToStr, mBoolToStr, 
-    mIntToStr, mInt64ToStr, mFloatToStr, mCStrToStr, mStrToStr, mEnumToStr, 
-    mAnd, mOr, mEqStr, mLeStr, mLtStr, mEqSet, mLeSet, mLtSet, mMulSet, 
-    mPlusSet, mMinusSet, mSymDiffSet, mConStrStr, mConArrArr, mConArrT, 
+    mUnaryMinusI64, mAbsI, mAbsI64, mNot,
+    mUnaryPlusI, mBitnotI, mUnaryPlusI64,
+    mBitnotI64, mUnaryPlusF64, mUnaryMinusF64, mAbsF64, mZe8ToI, mZe8ToI64,
+    mZe16ToI, mZe16ToI64, mZe32ToI64, mZeIToI64, mToU8, mToU16, mToU32,
+    mToFloat, mToBiggestFloat, mToInt, mToBiggestInt, mCharToStr, mBoolToStr,
+    mIntToStr, mInt64ToStr, mFloatToStr, mCStrToStr, mStrToStr, mEnumToStr,
+    mAnd, mOr, mEqStr, mLeStr, mLtStr, mEqSet, mLeSet, mLtSet, mMulSet,
+    mPlusSet, mMinusSet, mSymDiffSet, mConStrStr, mConArrArr, mConArrT,
     mConTArr, mConTT, mSlice,
     mFields, mFieldPairs, mOmpParFor,
     mAppendStrCh, mAppendStrStr, mAppendSeqElem,
@@ -584,36 +585,36 @@ type
 
 # things that we can evaluate safely at compile time, even if not asked for it:
 const
-  ctfeWhitelist* = {mNone, mUnaryLt, mSucc, 
-    mPred, mInc, mDec, mOrd, mLengthOpenArray, 
-    mLengthStr, mLengthArray, mLengthSeq, mIncl, mExcl, mCard, mChr, 
-    mAddI, mSubI, mMulI, mDivI, mModI, mAddI64, mSubI64, mMulI64, 
+  ctfeWhitelist* = {mNone, mUnaryLt, mSucc,
+    mPred, mInc, mDec, mOrd, mLengthOpenArray,
+    mLengthStr, mLengthArray, mLengthSeq, mIncl, mExcl, mCard, mChr,
+    mAddI, mSubI, mMulI, mDivI, mModI, mAddI64, mSubI64, mMulI64,
     mDivI64, mModI64, mAddF64, mSubF64, mMulF64, mDivF64,
-    mShrI, mShlI, mBitandI, mBitorI, mBitxorI, mMinI, mMaxI, 
+    mShrI, mShlI, mBitandI, mBitorI, mBitxorI, mMinI, mMaxI,
     mShrI64, mShlI64, mBitandI64, mBitorI64, mBitxorI64, mMinI64, mMaxI64,
-    mMinF64, mMaxF64, mAddU, mSubU, mMulU, 
+    mMinF64, mMaxF64, mAddU, mSubU, mMulU,
     mDivU, mModU, mEqI, mLeI,
-    mLtI, 
-    mEqI64, mLeI64, mLtI64, mEqF64, mLeF64, mLtF64, 
-    mLeU, mLtU, mLeU64, mLtU64, 
-    mEqEnum, mLeEnum, mLtEnum, mEqCh, mLeCh, mLtCh, mEqB, mLeB, mLtB, mEqRef, 
-    mEqProc, mEqUntracedRef, mLePtr, mLtPtr, mEqCString, mXor, mUnaryMinusI, 
-    mUnaryMinusI64, mAbsI, mAbsI64, mNot, 
-    mUnaryPlusI, mBitnotI, mUnaryPlusI64, 
-    mBitnotI64, mUnaryPlusF64, mUnaryMinusF64, mAbsF64, mZe8ToI, mZe8ToI64, 
-    mZe16ToI, mZe16ToI64, mZe32ToI64, mZeIToI64, mToU8, mToU16, mToU32, 
-    mToFloat, mToBiggestFloat, mToInt, mToBiggestInt, mCharToStr, mBoolToStr, 
-    mIntToStr, mInt64ToStr, mFloatToStr, mCStrToStr, mStrToStr, mEnumToStr, 
-    mAnd, mOr, mEqStr, mLeStr, mLtStr, mEqSet, mLeSet, mLtSet, mMulSet, 
-    mPlusSet, mMinusSet, mSymDiffSet, mConStrStr, mConArrArr, mConArrT, 
+    mLtI,
+    mEqI64, mLeI64, mLtI64, mEqF64, mLeF64, mLtF64,
+    mLeU, mLtU, mLeU64, mLtU64,
+    mEqEnum, mLeEnum, mLtEnum, mEqCh, mLeCh, mLtCh, mEqB, mLeB, mLtB, mEqRef,
+    mEqProc, mEqUntracedRef, mLePtr, mLtPtr, mEqCString, mXor, mUnaryMinusI,
+    mUnaryMinusI64, mAbsI, mAbsI64, mNot,
+    mUnaryPlusI, mBitnotI, mUnaryPlusI64,
+    mBitnotI64, mUnaryPlusF64, mUnaryMinusF64, mAbsF64, mZe8ToI, mZe8ToI64,
+    mZe16ToI, mZe16ToI64, mZe32ToI64, mZeIToI64, mToU8, mToU16, mToU32,
+    mToFloat, mToBiggestFloat, mToInt, mToBiggestInt, mCharToStr, mBoolToStr,
+    mIntToStr, mInt64ToStr, mFloatToStr, mCStrToStr, mStrToStr, mEnumToStr,
+    mAnd, mOr, mEqStr, mLeStr, mLtStr, mEqSet, mLeSet, mLtSet, mMulSet,
+    mPlusSet, mMinusSet, mSymDiffSet, mConStrStr, mConArrArr, mConArrT,
     mConTArr, mConTT,
-    mAppendStrCh, mAppendStrStr, mAppendSeqElem, 
+    mAppendStrCh, mAppendStrStr, mAppendSeqElem,
     mInRange, mInSet, mRepr,
     mCopyStr, mCopyStrLast}
   # magics that require special semantic checking and
   # thus cannot be overloaded (also documented in the spec!):
   SpecialSemMagics* = {
-    mDefined, mDefinedInScope, mCompiles, mLow, mHigh, mSizeOf, mIs, mOf, 
+    mDefined, mDefinedInScope, mCompiles, mLow, mHigh, mSizeOf, mIs, mOf,
     mEcho, mShallowCopy, mExpandToAst, mParallel, mSpawn, mAstToStr}
 
 type
@@ -634,21 +635,21 @@ type
       floatVal*: BiggestFloat
     of nkStrLit..nkTripleStrLit:
       strVal*: string
-    of nkSym: 
+    of nkSym:
       sym*: PSym
-    of nkIdent: 
+    of nkIdent:
       ident*: PIdent
     else:
       sons*: TNodeSeq
     comment*: string
-  
+
   TSymSeq* = seq[PSym]
   TStrTable* = object         # a table[PIdent] of PSym
     counter*: int
     data*: TSymSeq
-  
+
   # -------------- backend information -------------------------------
-  TLocKind* = enum 
+  TLocKind* = enum
     locNone,                  # no location
     locTemp,                  # temporary location
     locLocalVar,              # location is a local variable
@@ -660,7 +661,7 @@ type
     locData,                  # location is a constant
     locCall,                  # location is a call expression
     locOther                  # location is something other
-  TLocFlag* = enum 
+  TLocFlag* = enum
     lfIndirect,               # backend introduced a pointer
     lfParamCopy,              # backend introduced a parameter copy (LLVM)
     lfNoDeepCopy,             # no need for a deep copy
@@ -670,13 +671,13 @@ type
     lfHeader,                 # include header file for symbol
     lfImportCompilerProc,     # ``importc`` of a compilerproc
     lfSingleUse               # no location yet and will only be used once
-  TStorageLoc* = enum 
+  TStorageLoc* = enum
     OnUnknown,                # location is unknown (stack, heap or static)
     OnStack,                  # location is on hardware stack
     OnHeap                    # location is on heap or global
                               # (reference counting needed)
   TLocFlags* = set[TLocFlag]
-  TLoc* = object     
+  TLoc* = object
     k*: TLocKind              # kind of location
     s*: TStorageLoc
     flags*: TLocFlags         # location's flags
@@ -688,7 +689,7 @@ type
 
   # ---------------- end of backend information ------------------------------
 
-  TLibKind* = enum 
+  TLibKind* = enum
     libHeader, libDynamic
   TLib* = object of lists.TListEntry # also misused for headers!
     kind*: TLibKind
@@ -696,17 +697,17 @@ type
     isOverriden*: bool
     name*: PRope
     path*: PNode              # can be a string literal!
-  
+
   TInstantiation* = object
     sym*: PSym
     concreteTypes*: seq[PType]
     usedBy*: seq[int32]       # list of modules using the generic
                               # needed in caas mode for purging the cache
-                              # XXX: it's possible to switch to a 
+                              # XXX: it's possible to switch to a
                               # simple ref count here
-  
+
   PInstantiation* = ref TInstantiation
- 
+
   TScope* = object
     depthLevel*: int
     symbols*: TStrTable
@@ -773,7 +774,7 @@ type
     constraint*: PNode        # additional constraints like 'lit|result'; also
                               # misused for the codegenDecl pragma in the hope
                               # it won't cause problems
-  
+
   TTypeSeq* = seq[PType]
   TLockLevel* = distinct int16
   TType* {.acyclic.} = object of TIdObj # \
@@ -806,7 +807,7 @@ type
     lockLevel*: TLockLevel    # lock level as required for deadlock checking
     loc*: TLoc
 
-  TPair*{.final.} = object 
+  TPair*{.final.} = object
     key*, val*: RootRef
 
   TPairSeq* = seq[TPair]
@@ -814,7 +815,7 @@ type
     counter*: int
     data*: TPairSeq
 
-  TIdPair*{.final.} = object 
+  TIdPair*{.final.} = object
     key*: PIdObj
     val*: RootRef
 
@@ -823,7 +824,7 @@ type
     counter*: int
     data*: TIdPairSeq
 
-  TIdNodePair*{.final.} = object 
+  TIdNodePair*{.final.} = object
     key*: PIdObj
     val*: PNode
 
@@ -832,7 +833,7 @@ type
     counter*: int
     data*: TIdNodePairSeq
 
-  TNodePair*{.final.} = object 
+  TNodePair*{.final.} = object
     h*: THash                 # because it is expensive to compute!
     key*: PNode
     val*: int
@@ -844,7 +845,7 @@ type
     data*: TNodePairSeq
 
   TObjectSeq* = seq[RootRef]
-  TObjectSet*{.final.} = object 
+  TObjectSet*{.final.} = object
     counter*: int
     data*: TObjectSeq
 
@@ -855,27 +856,27 @@ type
 # same name as an imported module. This is necessary because of
 # the poor naming choices in the standard library.
 
-const 
+const
   OverloadableSyms* = {skProc, skMethod, skIterator, skClosureIterator,
     skConverter, skModule, skTemplate, skMacro}
 
-  GenericTypes*: TTypeKinds = {tyGenericInvocation, tyGenericBody, 
+  GenericTypes*: TTypeKinds = {tyGenericInvocation, tyGenericBody,
     tyGenericParam}
-  
-  StructuralEquivTypes*: TTypeKinds = {tyArrayConstr, tyNil, tyTuple, tyArray, 
+
+  StructuralEquivTypes*: TTypeKinds = {tyArrayConstr, tyNil, tyTuple, tyArray,
     tySet, tyRange, tyPtr, tyRef, tyVar, tySequence, tyProc, tyOpenArray,
     tyVarargs}
-  
+
   ConcreteTypes*: TTypeKinds = { # types of the expr that may occur in::
                                  # var x = expr
-    tyBool, tyChar, tyEnum, tyArray, tyObject, 
+    tyBool, tyChar, tyEnum, tyArray, tyObject,
     tySet, tyTuple, tyRange, tyPtr, tyRef, tyVar, tySequence, tyProc,
-    tyPointer, 
+    tyPointer,
     tyOpenArray, tyString, tyCString, tyInt..tyInt64, tyFloat..tyFloat128,
     tyUInt..tyUInt64}
   IntegralTypes* = {tyBool, tyChar, tyEnum, tyInt..tyInt64,
     tyFloat..tyFloat128, tyUInt..tyUInt64}
-  ConstantDataTypes*: TTypeKinds = {tyArrayConstr, tyArray, tySet, 
+  ConstantDataTypes*: TTypeKinds = {tyArrayConstr, tyArray, tySet,
                                     tyTuple, tySequence}
   NilableTypes*: TTypeKinds = {tyPointer, tyCString, tyRef, tyPtr, tySequence,
     tyProc, tyString, tyError}
@@ -926,17 +927,17 @@ proc discardSons*(father: PNode)
 proc len*(n: PNode): int {.inline.} =
   if isNil(n.sons): result = 0
   else: result = len(n.sons)
-  
+
 proc safeLen*(n: PNode): int {.inline.} =
   ## works even for leaves.
   if n.kind in {nkNone..nkNilLit} or isNil(n.sons): result = 0
   else: result = len(n.sons)
-  
+
 proc add*(father, son: PNode) =
   assert son != nil
   if isNil(father.sons): father.sons = @[]
   add(father.sons, son)
-  
+
 proc `[]`*(n: PNode, i: int): PNode {.inline.} =
   result = n.sons[i]
 
@@ -946,13 +947,10 @@ template `{}=`*(n: PNode, i: int, s: PNode): stmt =
   n.sons[i -| n] = s
 
 when defined(useNodeIds):
-  const nodeIdToDebug* = -1 # 884953 # 612794
-  #612840 # 612905 # 614635 # 614637 # 614641
-  # 423408
-  #429107 # 430443 # 441048 # 441090 # 441153
+  const nodeIdToDebug* = -1 # 299750 # 300761 #300863 # 300879
   var gNodeId: int
 
-proc newNode*(kind: TNodeKind): PNode = 
+proc newNode*(kind: TNodeKind): PNode =
   new(result)
   result.kind = kind
   #result.info = UnknownLineInfo() inlined:
@@ -966,24 +964,24 @@ proc newNode*(kind: TNodeKind): PNode =
       writeStackTrace()
     inc gNodeId
 
-proc newIntNode*(kind: TNodeKind, intVal: BiggestInt): PNode = 
+proc newIntNode*(kind: TNodeKind, intVal: BiggestInt): PNode =
   result = newNode(kind)
   result.intVal = intVal
 
-proc newIntTypeNode*(kind: TNodeKind, intVal: BiggestInt, typ: PType): PNode = 
+proc newIntTypeNode*(kind: TNodeKind, intVal: BiggestInt, typ: PType): PNode =
   result = newIntNode(kind, intVal)
   result.typ = typ
 
-proc newFloatNode*(kind: TNodeKind, floatVal: BiggestFloat): PNode = 
+proc newFloatNode*(kind: TNodeKind, floatVal: BiggestFloat): PNode =
   result = newNode(kind)
   result.floatVal = floatVal
 
-proc newStrNode*(kind: TNodeKind, strVal: string): PNode = 
+proc newStrNode*(kind: TNodeKind, strVal: string): PNode =
   result = newNode(kind)
   result.strVal = strVal
 
 proc newSym*(symKind: TSymKind, name: PIdent, owner: PSym,
-             info: TLineInfo): PSym = 
+             info: TLineInfo): PSym =
   # generates a symbol and initializes the hash field too
   new(result)
   result.name = name
@@ -994,7 +992,7 @@ proc newSym*(symKind: TSymKind, name: PIdent, owner: PSym,
   result.owner = owner
   result.offset = - 1
   result.id = getID()
-  when debugIds: 
+  when debugIds:
     registerId(result)
   #if result.id < 2000:
   #  MessageOut(name.s & " has id: " & toString(result.id))
@@ -1036,54 +1034,54 @@ proc appendToModule*(m: PSym, n: PNode) =
   else:
     assert m.ast.kind == nkStmtList
     m.ast.sons.add(n)
-  
+
 const                         # for all kind of hash tables:
   GrowthFactor* = 2           # must be power of 2, > 0
   StartSize* = 8              # must be power of 2, > 0
 
-proc copyStrTable*(dest: var TStrTable, src: TStrTable) = 
+proc copyStrTable*(dest: var TStrTable, src: TStrTable) =
   dest.counter = src.counter
-  if isNil(src.data): return 
+  if isNil(src.data): return
   setLen(dest.data, len(src.data))
   for i in countup(0, high(src.data)): dest.data[i] = src.data[i]
-  
-proc copyIdTable*(dest: var TIdTable, src: TIdTable) = 
+
+proc copyIdTable*(dest: var TIdTable, src: TIdTable) =
   dest.counter = src.counter
-  if isNil(src.data): return 
+  if isNil(src.data): return
   newSeq(dest.data, len(src.data))
   for i in countup(0, high(src.data)): dest.data[i] = src.data[i]
-  
-proc copyTable*(dest: var TTable, src: TTable) = 
+
+proc copyTable*(dest: var TTable, src: TTable) =
   dest.counter = src.counter
-  if isNil(src.data): return 
+  if isNil(src.data): return
   setLen(dest.data, len(src.data))
   for i in countup(0, high(src.data)): dest.data[i] = src.data[i]
-  
-proc copyObjectSet*(dest: var TObjectSet, src: TObjectSet) = 
+
+proc copyObjectSet*(dest: var TObjectSet, src: TObjectSet) =
   dest.counter = src.counter
-  if isNil(src.data): return 
+  if isNil(src.data): return
   setLen(dest.data, len(src.data))
   for i in countup(0, high(src.data)): dest.data[i] = src.data[i]
-  
-proc discardSons*(father: PNode) = 
+
+proc discardSons*(father: PNode) =
   father.sons = nil
 
 proc withInfo*(n: PNode, info: TLineInfo): PNode =
   n.info = info
   return n
 
-proc newIdentNode*(ident: PIdent, info: TLineInfo): PNode = 
+proc newIdentNode*(ident: PIdent, info: TLineInfo): PNode =
   result = newNode(nkIdent)
   result.ident = ident
   result.info = info
 
-proc newSymNode*(sym: PSym): PNode = 
+proc newSymNode*(sym: PSym): PNode =
   result = newNode(nkSym)
   result.sym = sym
   result.typ = sym.typ
   result.info = sym.info
 
-proc newSymNode*(sym: PSym, info: TLineInfo): PNode = 
+proc newSymNode*(sym: PSym, info: TLineInfo): PNode =
   result = newNode(nkSym)
   result.sym = sym
   result.typ = sym.typ
@@ -1128,12 +1126,12 @@ proc newNode*(kind: TNodeKind, info: TLineInfo, sons: TNodeSeq = @[],
       writeStackTrace()
     inc gNodeId
 
-proc newNodeIT*(kind: TNodeKind, info: TLineInfo, typ: PType): PNode = 
+proc newNodeIT*(kind: TNodeKind, info: TLineInfo, typ: PType): PNode =
   result = newNode(kind)
   result.info = info
   result.typ = typ
 
-proc addSon*(father, son: PNode) = 
+proc addSon*(father, son: PNode) =
   assert son != nil
   if isNil(father.sons): father.sons = @[]
   add(father.sons, son)
@@ -1159,7 +1157,7 @@ proc `$`*(x: TLockLevel): string =
   elif x.ord == UnknownLockLevel.ord: result = "<unknown>"
   else: result = $int16(x)
 
-proc newType*(kind: TTypeKind, owner: PSym): PType = 
+proc newType*(kind: TTypeKind, owner: PSym): PType =
   new(result)
   result.kind = kind
   result.owner = owner
@@ -1171,7 +1169,7 @@ proc newType*(kind: TTypeKind, owner: PSym): PType =
     registerId(result)
   #if result.id < 2000:
   #  messageOut(typeKindToStr[kind] & ' has id: ' & toString(result.id))
-  
+
 proc mergeLoc(a: var TLoc, b: TLoc) =
   if a.k == low(a.k): a.k = b.k
   if a.s == low(a.s): a.s = b.s
@@ -1180,37 +1178,37 @@ proc mergeLoc(a: var TLoc, b: TLoc) =
   if a.r == nil: a.r = b.r
   #if a.a == 0: a.a = b.a
 
-proc newSons*(father: PNode, length: int) = 
-  if isNil(father.sons): 
+proc newSons*(father: PNode, length: int) =
+  if isNil(father.sons):
     newSeq(father.sons, length)
   else:
     setLen(father.sons, length)
 
-proc newSons*(father: PType, length: int) = 
-  if isNil(father.sons): 
+proc newSons*(father: PType, length: int) =
+  if isNil(father.sons):
     newSeq(father.sons, length)
   else:
     setLen(father.sons, length)
 
-proc sonsLen*(n: PType): int = 
+proc sonsLen*(n: PType): int =
   if isNil(n.sons): result = 0
   else: result = len(n.sons)
 
-proc len*(n: PType): int = 
+proc len*(n: PType): int =
   if isNil(n.sons): result = 0
   else: result = len(n.sons)
-  
-proc sonsLen*(n: PNode): int = 
+
+proc sonsLen*(n: PNode): int =
   if isNil(n.sons): result = 0
   else: result = len(n.sons)
-  
-proc lastSon*(n: PNode): PNode = 
+
+proc lastSon*(n: PNode): PNode =
   result = n.sons[sonsLen(n) - 1]
 
-proc lastSon*(n: PType): PType = 
+proc lastSon*(n: PType): PType =
   result = n.sons[sonsLen(n) - 1]
 
-proc assignType*(dest, src: PType) = 
+proc assignType*(dest, src: PType) =
   dest.kind = src.kind
   dest.flags = src.flags
   dest.callConv = src.callConv
@@ -1230,23 +1228,23 @@ proc assignType*(dest, src: PType) =
       dest.sym = src.sym
   newSons(dest, sonsLen(src))
   for i in countup(0, sonsLen(src) - 1): dest.sons[i] = src.sons[i]
-  
-proc copyType*(t: PType, owner: PSym, keepId: bool): PType = 
+
+proc copyType*(t: PType, owner: PSym, keepId: bool): PType =
   result = newType(t.kind, owner)
   assignType(result, t)
-  if keepId: 
+  if keepId:
     result.id = t.id
-  else: 
+  else:
     when debugIds: registerId(result)
   result.sym = t.sym          # backend-info should not be copied
-  
-proc copySym*(s: PSym, keepId: bool = false): PSym = 
+
+proc copySym*(s: PSym, keepId: bool = false): PSym =
   result = newSym(s.kind, s.name, s.owner, s.info)
   #result.ast = nil            # BUGFIX; was: s.ast which made problems
   result.typ = s.typ
   if keepId:
     result.id = s.id
-  else: 
+  else:
     result.id = getID()
     when debugIds: registerId(result)
   result.flags = s.flags
@@ -1273,19 +1271,19 @@ proc createModuleAlias*(s: PSym, newIdent: PIdent, info: TLineInfo): PSym =
   result.annex = s.annex
   # XXX once usedGenerics is used, ensure module aliases keep working!
   assert s.usedGenerics == nil
-  
-proc initStrTable*(x: var TStrTable) = 
+
+proc initStrTable*(x: var TStrTable) =
   x.counter = 0
   newSeq(x.data, StartSize)
 
 proc newStrTable*: TStrTable =
   initStrTable(result)
 
-proc initTable(x: var TTable) = 
+proc initTable(x: var TTable) =
   x.counter = 0
   newSeq(x.data, StartSize)
 
-proc initIdTable*(x: var TIdTable) = 
+proc initIdTable*(x: var TIdTable) =
   x.counter = 0
   newSeq(x.data, StartSize)
 
@@ -1295,15 +1293,15 @@ proc resetIdTable*(x: var TIdTable) =
   setLen(x.data, 0)
   setLen(x.data, StartSize)
 
-proc initObjectSet*(x: var TObjectSet) = 
+proc initObjectSet*(x: var TObjectSet) =
   x.counter = 0
   newSeq(x.data, StartSize)
 
-proc initIdNodeTable*(x: var TIdNodeTable) = 
+proc initIdNodeTable*(x: var TIdNodeTable) =
   x.counter = 0
   newSeq(x.data, StartSize)
 
-proc initNodeTable*(x: var TNodeTable) = 
+proc initNodeTable*(x: var TNodeTable) =
   x.counter = 0
   newSeq(x.data, StartSize)
 
@@ -1327,11 +1325,11 @@ proc propagateToOwner*(owner, elem: PType) =
       owner.flags.incl tfNotNil
     elif owner.kind notin HaveTheirOwnEmpty:
       owner.flags.incl tfNeedsInit
-  
+
   if tfNeedsInit in elem.flags:
     if owner.kind in HaveTheirOwnEmpty: discard
     else: owner.flags.incl tfNeedsInit
-    
+
   if elem.isMetaType:
     owner.flags.incl tfHasMeta
 
@@ -1348,15 +1346,15 @@ proc addSonNilAllowed*(father, son: PNode) =
   if isNil(father.sons): father.sons = @[]
   add(father.sons, son)
 
-proc delSon*(father: PNode, idx: int) = 
-  if isNil(father.sons): return 
+proc delSon*(father: PNode, idx: int) =
+  if isNil(father.sons): return
   var length = sonsLen(father)
   for i in countup(idx, length - 2): father.sons[i] = father.sons[i + 1]
   setLen(father.sons, length - 1)
 
-proc copyNode*(src: PNode): PNode = 
+proc copyNode*(src: PNode): PNode =
   # does not copy its sons!
-  if src == nil: 
+  if src == nil:
     return nil
   result = newNode(src.kind)
   result.info = src.info
@@ -1373,7 +1371,7 @@ proc copyNode*(src: PNode): PNode =
   of nkStrLit..nkTripleStrLit: result.strVal = src.strVal
   else: discard
 
-proc shallowCopy*(src: PNode): PNode = 
+proc shallowCopy*(src: PNode): PNode =
   # does not copy its sons, but provides space for them:
   if src == nil: return nil
   result = newNode(src.kind)
@@ -1391,9 +1389,9 @@ proc shallowCopy*(src: PNode): PNode =
   of nkStrLit..nkTripleStrLit: result.strVal = src.strVal
   else: newSeq(result.sons, sonsLen(src))
 
-proc copyTree*(src: PNode): PNode = 
+proc copyTree*(src: PNode): PNode =
   # copy a whole syntax tree; performs deep copying
-  if src == nil: 
+  if src == nil:
     return nil
   result = newNode(src.kind)
   result.info = src.info
@@ -1408,20 +1406,20 @@ proc copyTree*(src: PNode): PNode =
   of nkSym: result.sym = src.sym
   of nkIdent: result.ident = src.ident
   of nkStrLit..nkTripleStrLit: result.strVal = src.strVal
-  else: 
+  else:
     newSeq(result.sons, sonsLen(src))
-    for i in countup(0, sonsLen(src) - 1): 
+    for i in countup(0, sonsLen(src) - 1):
       result.sons[i] = copyTree(src.sons[i])
 
-proc hasSonWith*(n: PNode, kind: TNodeKind): bool = 
-  for i in countup(0, sonsLen(n) - 1): 
-    if n.sons[i].kind == kind: 
+proc hasSonWith*(n: PNode, kind: TNodeKind): bool =
+  for i in countup(0, sonsLen(n) - 1):
+    if n.sons[i].kind == kind:
       return true
   result = false
 
-proc hasNilSon*(n: PNode): bool = 
-  for i in countup(0, safeLen(n) - 1): 
-    if n.sons[i] == nil: 
+proc hasNilSon*(n: PNode): bool =
+  for i in countup(0, safeLen(n) - 1):
+    if n.sons[i] == nil:
       return true
     elif hasNilSon(n.sons[i]):
       return true
@@ -1435,47 +1433,47 @@ proc containsNode*(n: PNode, kinds: TNodeKinds): bool =
     for i in countup(0, sonsLen(n) - 1):
       if n.kind in kinds or containsNode(n.sons[i], kinds): return true
 
-proc hasSubnodeWith*(n: PNode, kind: TNodeKind): bool = 
+proc hasSubnodeWith*(n: PNode, kind: TNodeKind): bool =
   case n.kind
   of nkEmpty..nkNilLit: result = n.kind == kind
-  else: 
-    for i in countup(0, sonsLen(n) - 1): 
-      if (n.sons[i].kind == kind) or hasSubnodeWith(n.sons[i], kind): 
+  else:
+    for i in countup(0, sonsLen(n) - 1):
+      if (n.sons[i].kind == kind) or hasSubnodeWith(n.sons[i], kind):
         return true
     result = false
 
-proc replaceSons(n: PNode, oldKind, newKind: TNodeKind) = 
-  for i in countup(0, sonsLen(n) - 1): 
+proc replaceSons(n: PNode, oldKind, newKind: TNodeKind) =
+  for i in countup(0, sonsLen(n) - 1):
     if n.sons[i].kind == oldKind: n.sons[i].kind = newKind
-  
-proc sonsNotNil(n: PNode): bool = 
-  for i in countup(0, sonsLen(n) - 1): 
-    if n.sons[i] == nil: 
+
+proc sonsNotNil(n: PNode): bool =
+  for i in countup(0, sonsLen(n) - 1):
+    if n.sons[i] == nil:
       return false
   result = true
 
-proc getInt*(a: PNode): BiggestInt = 
+proc getInt*(a: PNode): BiggestInt =
   case a.kind
   of nkIntLit..nkUInt64Lit: result = a.intVal
-  else: 
+  else:
     internalError(a.info, "getInt")
     result = 0
 
-proc getFloat*(a: PNode): BiggestFloat = 
+proc getFloat*(a: PNode): BiggestFloat =
   case a.kind
   of nkFloatLit..nkFloat128Lit: result = a.floatVal
-  else: 
+  else:
     internalError(a.info, "getFloat")
     result = 0.0
 
-proc getStr*(a: PNode): string = 
+proc getStr*(a: PNode): string =
   case a.kind
   of nkStrLit..nkTripleStrLit: result = a.strVal
-  else: 
+  else:
     internalError(a.info, "getStr")
     result = ""
 
-proc getStrOrChar*(a: PNode): string = 
+proc getStrOrChar*(a: PNode): string =
   case a.kind
   of nkStrLit..nkTripleStrLit: result = a.strVal
   of nkCharLit..nkUInt64Lit: result = $chr(int(a.intVal))
@@ -1483,7 +1481,7 @@ proc getStrOrChar*(a: PNode): string =
     internalError(a.info, "getStrOrChar")
     result = ""
 
-proc isGenericRoutine*(s: PSym): bool = 
+proc isGenericRoutine*(s: PSym): bool =
   case s.kind
   of skProcKinds:
     result = sfFromGeneric in s.flags or
diff --git a/compiler/evalffi.nim b/compiler/evalffi.nim
index b98679ac6..b1a23802d 100644
--- a/compiler/evalffi.nim
+++ b/compiler/evalffi.nim
@@ -164,6 +164,7 @@ proc packObject(x: PNode, typ: PType, res: pointer) =
       let field = getField(typ.n, i)
       pack(it, field.typ, res +! field.offset)
     else:
+      # XXX: todo
       globalError(x.info, "cannot pack unnamed tuple")
 
 const maxPackDepth = 20
diff --git a/compiler/evaltempl.nim b/compiler/evaltempl.nim
index 29657a2ae..8959aa4df 100644
--- a/compiler/evaltempl.nim
+++ b/compiler/evaltempl.nim
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 ## Template evaluation engine. Now hygienic.
 
 import
-  strutils, options, ast, astalgo, msgs, os, idents, wordrecg, renderer, 
+  strutils, options, ast, astalgo, msgs, os, idents, wordrecg, renderer,
   rodread
 
 type
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ proc evalTemplateAux(templ, actual: PNode, c: var TemplCtx, result: PNode) =
     result.add copyNode(c, templ, actual)
   else:
     var res = copyNode(c, templ, actual)
-    for i in countup(0, sonsLen(templ) - 1): 
+    for i in countup(0, sonsLen(templ) - 1):
       evalTemplateAux(templ.sons[i], actual, c, res)
     result.add res
 
@@ -86,9 +86,9 @@ proc evalTemplate*(n: PNode, tmpl, genSymOwner: PSym): PNode =
   ctx.owner = tmpl
   ctx.genSymOwner = genSymOwner
   initIdTable(ctx.mapping)
-  
+
   let body = tmpl.getBody
-  if isAtom(body): 
+  if isAtom(body):
     result = newNodeI(nkPar, body.info)
     evalTemplateAux(body, args, ctx, result)
     if result.len == 1: result = result.sons[0]
@@ -102,5 +102,5 @@ proc evalTemplate*(n: PNode, tmpl, genSymOwner: PSym): PNode =
     if ctx.instLines: result.info = n.info
     for i in countup(0, safeLen(body) - 1):
       evalTemplateAux(body.sons[i], args, ctx, result)
-  
+
   dec(evalTemplateCounter)
diff --git a/compiler/importer.nim b/compiler/importer.nim
index fbf3be4f2..57a1e542b 100644
--- a/compiler/importer.nim
+++ b/compiler/importer.nim
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ proc getModuleName*(n: PNode): string =
     result = n.ident.s
   of nkSym:
     result = n.sym.name.s
-  of nkInfix:
+  of nkInfix, nkPrefix:
     if n.sons[0].kind == nkIdent and n.sons[0].ident.id == getIdent("as").id:
       # XXX hack ahead:
       n.kind = nkImportAs
diff --git a/compiler/parser.nim b/compiler/parser.nim
index 8fbf033d8..9e4d45cd2 100644
--- a/compiler/parser.nim
+++ b/compiler/parser.nim
@@ -865,6 +865,7 @@ proc parseTuple(p: var TParser, indentAllowed = false): PNode =
   #|     [' optInd  (identColonEquals (comma/semicolon)?)*  optPar ']'
   #| extTupleDecl = 'tuple'
   #|     COMMENT? (IND{>} identColonEquals (IND{=} identColonEquals)*)?
+  #| tupleClass = 'tuple'
   result = newNodeP(nkTupleTy, p)
   getTok(p)
   if p.tok.tokType == tkBracketLe:
@@ -894,6 +895,8 @@ proc parseTuple(p: var TParser, indentAllowed = false): PNode =
             parMessage(p, errIdentifierExpected, p.tok)
             break
           if not sameInd(p): break
+  else:
+    result = newNodeP(nkTupleClassTy, p)
 
 proc parseParamList(p: var TParser, retColon = true): PNode =
   #| paramList = '(' declColonEquals ^* (comma/semicolon) ')'
diff --git a/compiler/renderer.nim b/compiler/renderer.nim
index f5cabb4bc..ccf3837ed 100644
--- a/compiler/renderer.nim
+++ b/compiler/renderer.nim
@@ -395,6 +395,7 @@ proc lsub(n: PNode): int =
   of nkClosedSymChoice, nkOpenSymChoice: 
     result = lsons(n) + len("()") + sonsLen(n) - 1
   of nkTupleTy: result = lcomma(n) + len("tuple[]")
+  of nkTupleClassTy: result = len("tuple")
   of nkDotExpr: result = lsons(n) + 1
   of nkBind: result = lsons(n) + len("bind_")
   of nkBindStmt: result = lcomma(n) + len("bind_")
@@ -1292,10 +1293,11 @@ proc gsub(g: var TSrcGen, n: PNode, c: TContext) =
       gsub(g, n.sons[0])
   of nkTupleTy: 
     put(g, tkTuple, "tuple")
-    if sonsLen(n) > 0:
-      put(g, tkBracketLe, "[")
-      gcomma(g, n)
-      put(g, tkBracketRi, "]")
+    put(g, tkBracketLe, "[")
+    gcomma(g, n)
+    put(g, tkBracketRi, "]")
+  of nkTupleClassTy:
+    put(g, tkTuple, "tuple")
   of nkMetaNode_Obsolete:
     put(g, tkParLe, "(META|")
     gsub(g, n.sons[0])
diff --git a/compiler/semexprs.nim b/compiler/semexprs.nim
index 89469ae50..3d2ba2568 100644
--- a/compiler/semexprs.nim
+++ b/compiler/semexprs.nim
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ proc semFieldAccess(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode
 proc semOperand(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode =
   # same as 'semExprWithType' but doesn't check for proc vars
   result = semExpr(c, n, flags + {efOperand})
-  if result.kind == nkEmpty: 
+  if result.kind == nkEmpty:
     # do not produce another redundant error message:
     #raiseRecoverableError("")
     result = errorNode(c, n)
@@ -34,19 +34,19 @@ proc semOperand(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode =
   elif efWantStmt in flags:
     result.typ = newTypeS(tyEmpty, c)
   else:
-    localError(n.info, errExprXHasNoType, 
+    localError(n.info, errExprXHasNoType,
                renderTree(result, {renderNoComments}))
     result.typ = errorType(c)
 
 proc semExprWithType(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode =
   result = semExpr(c, n, flags+{efWantValue})
-  if result.isNil or result.kind == nkEmpty: 
+  if result.isNil or result.kind == nkEmpty:
     # do not produce another redundant error message:
     #raiseRecoverableError("")
     result = errorNode(c, n)
   if result.typ == nil or result.typ == enforceVoidContext:
     # we cannot check for 'void' in macros ...
-    localError(n.info, errExprXHasNoType, 
+    localError(n.info, errExprXHasNoType,
                renderTree(result, {renderNoComments}))
     result.typ = errorType(c)
   else:
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ proc semExprNoDeref(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode =
     # do not produce another redundant error message:
     result = errorNode(c, n)
   if result.typ == nil:
-    localError(n.info, errExprXHasNoType, 
+    localError(n.info, errExprXHasNoType,
                renderTree(result, {renderNoComments}))
     result.typ = errorType(c)
   else:
@@ -70,19 +70,19 @@ proc semExprNoDeref(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode =
 
 proc semSymGenericInstantiation(c: PContext, n: PNode, s: PSym): PNode =
   result = symChoice(c, n, s, scClosed)
-  
+
 proc inlineConst(n: PNode, s: PSym): PNode {.inline.} =
   result = copyTree(s.ast)
   result.typ = s.typ
   result.info = n.info
-  
-proc semSym(c: PContext, n: PNode, s: PSym, flags: TExprFlags): PNode = 
+
+proc semSym(c: PContext, n: PNode, s: PSym, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
   case s.kind
   of skConst:
     markUsed(n.info, s)
     styleCheckUse(n.info, s)
     case skipTypes(s.typ, abstractInst-{tyTypeDesc}).kind
-    of  tyNil, tyChar, tyInt..tyInt64, tyFloat..tyFloat128, 
+    of  tyNil, tyChar, tyInt..tyInt64, tyFloat..tyFloat128,
         tyTuple, tySet, tyUInt..tyUInt64:
       if s.magic == mNone: result = inlineConst(n, s)
       else: result = newSymNode(s, n.info)
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ proc checkConversionBetweenObjects(castDest, src: PType): TConvStatus =
     else:
       convOK
 
-const 
+const
   IntegralTypes = {tyBool, tyEnum, tyChar, tyInt..tyUInt64}
 
 proc checkConvertible(c: PContext, castDest, src: PType): TConvStatus =
@@ -201,10 +201,10 @@ proc checkConvertible(c: PContext, castDest, src: PType): TConvStatus =
 
 proc isCastable(dst, src: PType): bool =
   ## Checks whether the source type can be casted to the destination type.
-  ## Casting is very unrestrictive; casts are allowed as long as 
+  ## Casting is very unrestrictive; casts are allowed as long as
   ## castDest.size >= src.size, and typeAllowed(dst, skParam)
   #const
-  #  castableTypeKinds = {tyInt, tyPtr, tyRef, tyCstring, tyString, 
+  #  castableTypeKinds = {tyInt, tyPtr, tyRef, tyCstring, tyString,
   #                       tySequence, tyPointer, tyNil, tyOpenArray,
   #                       tyProc, tySet, tyEnum, tyBool, tyChar}
   if skipTypes(dst, abstractInst-{tyOpenArray}).kind == tyOpenArray:
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ proc isCastable(dst, src: PType): bool =
 
   dstSize = computeSize(dst)
   srcSize = computeSize(src)
-  if dstSize < 0: 
+  if dstSize < 0:
     result = false
   elif srcSize < 0:
     result = false
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ proc isCastable(dst, src: PType): bool =
         (skipTypes(src, abstractInst-{tyTypeDesc}).kind in IntegralTypes)
   if result and src.kind == tyNil:
     result = dst.size <= platform.ptrSize
-  
+
 proc isSymChoice(n: PNode): bool {.inline.} =
   result = n.kind in nkSymChoices
 
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ proc semConv(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
   maybeLiftType(targetType, c, n[0].info)
   result.addSon copyTree(n.sons[0])
   var op = semExprWithType(c, n.sons[1])
-  
+
   if targetType.isMetaType:
     let final = inferWithMetatype(c, targetType, op, true)
     result.addSon final
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ proc semConv(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
 
   result.typ = targetType
   addSon(result, op)
-  
+
   if not isSymChoice(op):
     let status = checkConvertible(c, result.typ, op.typ)
     case status
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ proc semConv(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
         return it
     localError(n.info, errUseQualifier, op.sons[0].sym.name.s)
 
-proc semCast(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode = 
+proc semCast(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
   ## Semantically analyze a casting ("cast[type](param)")
   if optSafeCode in gGlobalOptions: localError(n.info, errCastNotInSafeMode)
   #incl(c.p.owner.flags, sfSideEffect)
@@ -295,25 +295,25 @@ proc semCast(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
   result.typ = semTypeNode(c, n.sons[0], nil)
   addSon(result, copyTree(n.sons[0]))
   addSon(result, semExprWithType(c, n.sons[1]))
-  if not isCastable(result.typ, result.sons[1].typ): 
-    localError(result.info, errExprCannotBeCastedToX, 
+  if not isCastable(result.typ, result.sons[1].typ):
+    localError(result.info, errExprCannotBeCastedToX,
                typeToString(result.typ))
 
-proc semLowHigh(c: PContext, n: PNode, m: TMagic): PNode = 
-  const 
+proc semLowHigh(c: PContext, n: PNode, m: TMagic): PNode =
+  const
     opToStr: array[mLow..mHigh, string] = ["low", "high"]
-  if sonsLen(n) != 2: 
+  if sonsLen(n) != 2:
     localError(n.info, errXExpectsTypeOrValue, opToStr[m])
-  else: 
+  else:
     n.sons[1] = semExprWithType(c, n.sons[1], {efDetermineType})
     var typ = skipTypes(n.sons[1].typ, abstractVarRange +
                                        {tyTypeDesc, tyFieldAccessor})
     case typ.kind
-    of tySequence, tyString, tyCString, tyOpenArray, tyVarargs: 
+    of tySequence, tyString, tyCString, tyOpenArray, tyVarargs:
       n.typ = getSysType(tyInt)
-    of tyArrayConstr, tyArray: 
+    of tyArrayConstr, tyArray:
       n.typ = typ.sons[0] # indextype
-    of tyInt..tyInt64, tyChar, tyBool, tyEnum, tyUInt8, tyUInt16, tyUInt32: 
+    of tyInt..tyInt64, tyChar, tyBool, tyEnum, tyUInt8, tyUInt16, tyUInt32:
       # do not skip the range!
       n.typ = n.sons[1].typ.skipTypes(abstractVar + {tyFieldAccessor})
     of tyGenericParam:
@@ -334,8 +334,8 @@ proc semSizeof(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
   n.typ = getSysType(tyInt)
   result = n
 
-proc semOf(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode = 
-  if sonsLen(n) == 3: 
+proc semOf(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
+  if sonsLen(n) == 3:
     n.sons[1] = semExprWithType(c, n.sons[1])
     n.sons[2] = semExprWithType(c, n.sons[2], {efDetermineType})
     #restoreOldStyleType(n.sons[1])
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ proc isOpImpl(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
   internalAssert n.sonsLen == 3 and
     n[1].typ != nil and n[1].typ.kind == tyTypeDesc and
     n[2].kind in {nkStrLit..nkTripleStrLit, nkType}
-  
+
   let t1 = n[1].typ.skipTypes({tyTypeDesc, tyFieldAccessor})
 
   if n[2].kind in {nkStrLit..nkTripleStrLit}:
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ proc isOpImpl(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
     of "closure":
       let t = skipTypes(t1, abstractRange)
       result = newIntNode(nkIntLit, ord(t.kind == tyProc and
-                                        t.callConv == ccClosure and 
+                                        t.callConv == ccClosure and
                                         tfIterator notin t.flags))
     else: discard
   else:
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ proc semIs(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
 
   result = n
   n.typ = getSysType(tyBool)
- 
+
   n.sons[1] = semExprWithType(c, n[1], {efDetermineType, efWantIterator})
   if n[2].kind notin {nkStrLit..nkTripleStrLit}:
     let t2 = semTypeNode(c, n[2], nil)
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ proc semOpAux(c: PContext, n: PNode) =
   const flags = {efDetermineType}
   for i in countup(1, n.sonsLen-1):
     var a = n.sons[i]
-    if a.kind == nkExprEqExpr and sonsLen(a) == 2: 
+    if a.kind == nkExprEqExpr and sonsLen(a) == 2:
       var info = a.sons[0].info
       a.sons[0] = newIdentNode(considerQuotedIdent(a.sons[0]), info)
       a.sons[1] = semExprWithType(c, a.sons[1], flags)
@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ proc semOpAux(c: PContext, n: PNode) =
     else:
       n.sons[i] = semExprWithType(c, a, flags)
 
-proc overloadedCallOpr(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode = 
+proc overloadedCallOpr(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
   # quick check if there is *any* () operator overloaded:
   var par = getIdent("()")
   if searchInScopes(c, par) == nil:
@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ proc changeType(n: PNode, newType: PType, check: bool) =
           return
         if tup.n != nil:
           var f = getSymFromList(newType.n, m.sym.name)
-          if f == nil: 
+          if f == nil:
             internalError(m.info, "changeType(): invalid identifier")
             return
           changeType(n.sons[i].sons[1], f.typ, check)
@@ -481,10 +481,10 @@ proc changeType(n: PNode, newType: PType, check: bool) =
   else: discard
   n.typ = newType
 
-proc arrayConstrType(c: PContext, n: PNode): PType = 
+proc arrayConstrType(c: PContext, n: PNode): PType =
   var typ = newTypeS(tyArrayConstr, c)
   rawAddSon(typ, nil)     # index type
-  if sonsLen(n) == 0: 
+  if sonsLen(n) == 0:
     rawAddSon(typ, newTypeS(tyEmpty, c)) # needs an empty basetype!
   else:
     var x = n.sons[0]
@@ -494,35 +494,35 @@ proc arrayConstrType(c: PContext, n: PNode): PType =
   typ.sons[0] = makeRangeType(c, 0, sonsLen(n) - 1, n.info)
   result = typ
 
-proc semArrayConstr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode = 
+proc semArrayConstr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
   result = newNodeI(nkBracket, n.info)
   result.typ = newTypeS(tyArrayConstr, c)
   rawAddSon(result.typ, nil)     # index type
-  if sonsLen(n) == 0: 
+  if sonsLen(n) == 0:
     rawAddSon(result.typ, newTypeS(tyEmpty, c)) # needs an empty basetype!
   else:
     var x = n.sons[0]
     var lastIndex: BiggestInt = 0
     var indexType = getSysType(tyInt)
-    if x.kind == nkExprColonExpr and sonsLen(x) == 2: 
+    if x.kind == nkExprColonExpr and sonsLen(x) == 2:
       var idx = semConstExpr(c, x.sons[0])
       lastIndex = getOrdValue(idx)
       indexType = idx.typ
       x = x.sons[1]
-    
+
     let yy = semExprWithType(c, x)
     var typ = yy.typ
     addSon(result, yy)
     #var typ = skipTypes(result.sons[0].typ, {tyGenericInst, tyVar, tyOrdinal})
-    for i in countup(1, sonsLen(n) - 1): 
+    for i in countup(1, sonsLen(n) - 1):
       x = n.sons[i]
-      if x.kind == nkExprColonExpr and sonsLen(x) == 2: 
+      if x.kind == nkExprColonExpr and sonsLen(x) == 2:
         var idx = semConstExpr(c, x.sons[0])
         idx = fitNode(c, indexType, idx)
         if lastIndex+1 != getOrdValue(idx):
           localError(x.info, errInvalidOrderInArrayConstructor)
         x = x.sons[1]
-      
+
       let xx = semExprWithType(c, x, flags*{efAllowDestructor})
       result.add xx
       typ = commonType(typ, xx.typ)
@@ -534,21 +534,21 @@ proc semArrayConstr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
       result.sons[i] = fitNode(c, typ, result.sons[i])
   result.typ.sons[0] = makeRangeType(c, 0, sonsLen(result) - 1, n.info)
 
-proc fixAbstractType(c: PContext, n: PNode) = 
+proc fixAbstractType(c: PContext, n: PNode) =
   # XXX finally rewrite that crap!
-  for i in countup(1, sonsLen(n) - 1): 
+  for i in countup(1, sonsLen(n) - 1):
     var it = n.sons[i]
     case it.kind
     of nkHiddenStdConv, nkHiddenSubConv:
       if it.sons[1].kind == nkBracket:
         it.sons[1].typ = arrayConstrType(c, it.sons[1])
         #it.sons[1] = semArrayConstr(c, it.sons[1])
-      if skipTypes(it.typ, abstractVar).kind in {tyOpenArray, tyVarargs}: 
+      if skipTypes(it.typ, abstractVar).kind in {tyOpenArray, tyVarargs}:
         #if n.sons[0].kind == nkSym and IdentEq(n.sons[0].sym.name, "[]="):
         #  debug(n)
-        
+
         var s = skipTypes(it.sons[1].typ, abstractVar)
-        if s.kind == tyArrayConstr and s.sons[1].kind == tyEmpty: 
+        if s.kind == tyArrayConstr and s.sons[1].kind == tyEmpty:
           s = copyType(s, getCurrOwner(), false)
           skipTypes(s, abstractVar).sons[1] = elemType(
               skipTypes(it.typ, abstractVar))
@@ -558,32 +558,32 @@ proc fixAbstractType(c: PContext, n: PNode) =
           skipTypes(s, abstractVar).sons[0] = elemType(
               skipTypes(it.typ, abstractVar))
           it.sons[1].typ = s
-          
+
       elif skipTypes(it.sons[1].typ, abstractVar).kind in
-          {tyNil, tyArrayConstr, tyTuple, tySet}: 
+          {tyNil, tyArrayConstr, tyTuple, tySet}:
         var s = skipTypes(it.typ, abstractVar)
         if s.kind != tyExpr:
           changeType(it.sons[1], s, check=true)
         n.sons[i] = it.sons[1]
-    of nkBracket: 
+    of nkBracket:
       # an implicitly constructed array (passed to an open array):
       n.sons[i] = semArrayConstr(c, it, {})
-    else: 
+    else:
       discard
-      #if (it.typ == nil): 
-      #  InternalError(it.info, "fixAbstractType: " & renderTree(it))  
-  
-proc skipObjConv(n: PNode): PNode = 
+      #if (it.typ == nil):
+      #  InternalError(it.info, "fixAbstractType: " & renderTree(it))
+
+proc skipObjConv(n: PNode): PNode =
   case n.kind
-  of nkHiddenStdConv, nkHiddenSubConv, nkConv: 
-    if skipTypes(n.sons[1].typ, abstractPtrs).kind in {tyTuple, tyObject}: 
+  of nkHiddenStdConv, nkHiddenSubConv, nkConv:
+    if skipTypes(n.sons[1].typ, abstractPtrs).kind in {tyTuple, tyObject}:
       result = n.sons[1]
-    else: 
+    else:
       result = n
   of nkObjUpConv, nkObjDownConv: result = n.sons[0]
   else: result = n
 
-proc isAssignable(c: PContext, n: PNode): TAssignableResult = 
+proc isAssignable(c: PContext, n: PNode): TAssignableResult =
   result = parampatterns.isAssignable(c.p.owner, n)
 
 proc newHiddenAddrTaken(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
@@ -597,49 +597,49 @@ proc newHiddenAddrTaken(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
     if isAssignable(c, n) notin {arLValue, arLocalLValue}:
       localError(n.info, errVarForOutParamNeeded)
 
-proc analyseIfAddressTaken(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode = 
+proc analyseIfAddressTaken(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
   result = n
   case n.kind
   of nkSym:
     # n.sym.typ can be nil in 'check' mode ...
     if n.sym.typ != nil and
-        skipTypes(n.sym.typ, abstractInst-{tyTypeDesc}).kind != tyVar: 
+        skipTypes(n.sym.typ, abstractInst-{tyTypeDesc}).kind != tyVar:
       incl(n.sym.flags, sfAddrTaken)
       result = newHiddenAddrTaken(c, n)
-  of nkDotExpr: 
+  of nkDotExpr:
     checkSonsLen(n, 2)
-    if n.sons[1].kind != nkSym: 
+    if n.sons[1].kind != nkSym:
       internalError(n.info, "analyseIfAddressTaken")
       return
-    if skipTypes(n.sons[1].sym.typ, abstractInst-{tyTypeDesc}).kind != tyVar: 
+    if skipTypes(n.sons[1].sym.typ, abstractInst-{tyTypeDesc}).kind != tyVar:
       incl(n.sons[1].sym.flags, sfAddrTaken)
       result = newHiddenAddrTaken(c, n)
-  of nkBracketExpr: 
+  of nkBracketExpr:
     checkMinSonsLen(n, 1)
-    if skipTypes(n.sons[0].typ, abstractInst-{tyTypeDesc}).kind != tyVar: 
+    if skipTypes(n.sons[0].typ, abstractInst-{tyTypeDesc}).kind != tyVar:
       if n.sons[0].kind == nkSym: incl(n.sons[0].sym.flags, sfAddrTaken)
       result = newHiddenAddrTaken(c, n)
-  else: 
+  else:
     result = newHiddenAddrTaken(c, n)
-  
-proc analyseIfAddressTakenInCall(c: PContext, n: PNode) = 
+
+proc analyseIfAddressTakenInCall(c: PContext, n: PNode) =
   checkMinSonsLen(n, 1)
-  const 
-    FakeVarParams = {mNew, mNewFinalize, mInc, ast.mDec, mIncl, mExcl, 
-      mSetLengthStr, mSetLengthSeq, mAppendStrCh, mAppendStrStr, mSwap, 
+  const
+    FakeVarParams = {mNew, mNewFinalize, mInc, ast.mDec, mIncl, mExcl,
+      mSetLengthStr, mSetLengthSeq, mAppendStrCh, mAppendStrStr, mSwap,
       mAppendSeqElem, mNewSeq, mReset, mShallowCopy, mDeepCopy}
-  
+
   # get the real type of the callee
   # it may be a proc var with a generic alias type, so we skip over them
   var t = n.sons[0].typ.skipTypes({tyGenericInst})
 
-  if n.sons[0].kind == nkSym and n.sons[0].sym.magic in FakeVarParams: 
+  if n.sons[0].kind == nkSym and n.sons[0].sym.magic in FakeVarParams:
     # BUGFIX: check for L-Value still needs to be done for the arguments!
     # note sometimes this is eval'ed twice so we check for nkHiddenAddr here:
-    for i in countup(1, sonsLen(n) - 1): 
+    for i in countup(1, sonsLen(n) - 1):
       if i < sonsLen(t) and t.sons[i] != nil and
-          skipTypes(t.sons[i], abstractInst-{tyTypeDesc}).kind == tyVar: 
-        if isAssignable(c, n.sons[i]) notin {arLValue, arLocalLValue}: 
+          skipTypes(t.sons[i], abstractInst-{tyTypeDesc}).kind == tyVar:
+        if isAssignable(c, n.sons[i]) notin {arLValue, arLocalLValue}:
           if n.sons[i].kind != nkHiddenAddr:
             localError(n.sons[i].info, errVarForOutParamNeeded)
     return
@@ -653,14 +653,14 @@ proc analyseIfAddressTakenInCall(c: PContext, n: PNode) =
         skipTypes(t.sons[i], abstractInst-{tyTypeDesc}).kind == tyVar:
       if n.sons[i].kind != nkHiddenAddr:
         n.sons[i] = analyseIfAddressTaken(c, n.sons[i])
-  
+
 include semmagic
 
 proc evalAtCompileTime(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
   result = n
   if n.kind notin nkCallKinds or n.sons[0].kind != nkSym: return
   var callee = n.sons[0].sym
-  
+
   # constant folding that is necessary for correctness of semantic pass:
   if callee.magic != mNone and callee.magic in ctfeWhitelist and n.typ != nil:
     var call = newNodeIT(nkCall, n.info, n.typ)
@@ -678,7 +678,7 @@ proc evalAtCompileTime(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
       if result.isNil: result = n
       else: return result
     result.typ = semfold.getIntervalType(callee.magic, call)
-  
+
   block maybeLabelAsStatic:
     # XXX: temporary work-around needed for tlateboundstatic.
     # This is certainly not correct, but it will get the job
@@ -696,15 +696,15 @@ proc evalAtCompileTime(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
   # optimization pass: not necessary for correctness of the semantic pass
   if {sfNoSideEffect, sfCompileTime} * callee.flags != {} and
      {sfForward, sfImportc} * callee.flags == {} and n.typ != nil:
-    if sfCompileTime notin callee.flags and 
+    if sfCompileTime notin callee.flags and
         optImplicitStatic notin gOptions: return
 
     if callee.magic notin ctfeWhitelist: return
     if callee.kind notin {skProc, skConverter} or callee.isGenericRoutine:
       return
-    
+
     if n.typ != nil and typeAllowed(n.typ, skConst) != nil: return
-    
+
     var call = newNodeIT(nkCall, n.info, n.typ)
     call.add(n.sons[0])
     for i in 1 .. < n.len:
@@ -714,7 +714,7 @@ proc evalAtCompileTime(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
     #echo "NOW evaluating at compile time: ", call.renderTree
     if sfCompileTime in callee.flags:
       result = evalStaticExpr(c.module, call, c.p.owner)
-      if result.isNil: 
+      if result.isNil:
         localError(n.info, errCannotInterpretNodeX, renderTree(call))
       else: result = fixupTypeAfterEval(c, result, n)
     else:
@@ -737,17 +737,17 @@ proc semOverloadedCallAnalyseEffects(c: PContext, n: PNode, nOrig: PNode,
                                      flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
   if flags*{efInTypeof, efWantIterator} != {}:
     # consider: 'for x in pReturningArray()' --> we don't want the restriction
-    # to 'skIterators' anymore; skIterators are preferred in sigmatch already 
+    # to 'skIterators' anymore; skIterators are preferred in sigmatch already
     # for typeof support.
     # for ``type(countup(1,3))``, see ``tests/ttoseq``.
     result = semOverloadedCall(c, n, nOrig,
       {skProc, skMethod, skConverter, skMacro, skTemplate}+skIterators)
   else:
-    result = semOverloadedCall(c, n, nOrig, 
+    result = semOverloadedCall(c, n, nOrig,
       {skProc, skMethod, skConverter, skMacro, skTemplate})
- 
+
   if result != nil:
-    if result.sons[0].kind != nkSym: 
+    if result.sons[0].kind != nkSym:
       internalError("semOverloadedCallAnalyseEffects")
       return
     let callee = result.sons[0].sym
@@ -759,7 +759,7 @@ proc semOverloadedCallAnalyseEffects(c: PContext, n: PNode, nOrig: PNode,
         # error correction, prevents endless for loop elimination in transf.
         # See bug #2051:
         result.sons[0] = newSymNode(errorSym(c, n))
-      if sfNoSideEffect notin callee.flags: 
+      if sfNoSideEffect notin callee.flags:
         if {sfImportc, sfSideEffect} * callee.flags != {}:
           incl(c.p.owner.flags, sfSideEffect)
 
@@ -808,11 +808,11 @@ proc semIndirectOp(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
       else:
         var hasErrorType = false
         var msg = msgKindToString(errTypeMismatch)
-        for i in countup(1, sonsLen(n) - 1): 
+        for i in countup(1, sonsLen(n) - 1):
           if i > 1: add(msg, ", ")
           let nt = n.sons[i].typ
           add(msg, typeToString(nt))
-          if nt.kind == tyError: 
+          if nt.kind == tyError:
             hasErrorType = true
             break
         if not hasErrorType:
@@ -824,7 +824,7 @@ proc semIndirectOp(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
     else:
       result = m.call
       instGenericConvertersSons(c, result, m)
-    # we assume that a procedure that calls something indirectly 
+    # we assume that a procedure that calls something indirectly
     # has side-effects:
     if tfNoSideEffect notin t.flags: incl(c.p.owner.flags, sfSideEffect)
   elif t != nil and t.kind == tyTypeDesc:
@@ -834,7 +834,7 @@ proc semIndirectOp(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
     result = overloadedCallOpr(c, n)
     # Now that nkSym does not imply an iteration over the proc/iterator space,
     # the old ``prc`` (which is likely an nkIdent) has to be restored:
-    if result == nil: 
+    if result == nil:
       # XXX: hmm, what kind of symbols will end up here?
       # do we really need to try the overload resolution?
       n.sons[0] = prc
@@ -869,7 +869,7 @@ proc afterCallActions(c: PContext; n, orig: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
   if c.inTypeClass == 0:
     result = evalAtCompileTime(c, result)
 
-proc semDirectOp(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode = 
+proc semDirectOp(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
   # this seems to be a hotspot in the compiler!
   let nOrig = n.copyTree
   #semLazyOpAux(c, n)
@@ -877,7 +877,7 @@ proc semDirectOp(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
   if result != nil: result = afterCallActions(c, result, nOrig, flags)
   else: result = errorNode(c, n)
 
-proc buildEchoStmt(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode = 
+proc buildEchoStmt(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
   # we MUST not check 'n' for semantics again here! But for now we give up:
   result = newNodeI(nkCall, n.info)
   var e = strTableGet(magicsys.systemModule.tab, getIdent"echo")
@@ -892,8 +892,8 @@ proc buildEchoStmt(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
 proc semExprNoType(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
   result = semExpr(c, n, {efWantStmt})
   discardCheck(c, result)
-  
-proc isTypeExpr(n: PNode): bool = 
+
+proc isTypeExpr(n: PNode): bool =
   case n.kind
   of nkType, nkTypeOfExpr: result = true
   of nkSym: result = n.sym.kind == skType
@@ -904,24 +904,24 @@ proc createSetType(c: PContext; baseType: PType): PType =
   result = newTypeS(tySet, c)
   rawAddSon(result, baseType)
 
-proc lookupInRecordAndBuildCheck(c: PContext, n, r: PNode, field: PIdent, 
-                                 check: var PNode): PSym = 
+proc lookupInRecordAndBuildCheck(c: PContext, n, r: PNode, field: PIdent,
+                                 check: var PNode): PSym =
   # transform in a node that contains the runtime check for the
   # field, if it is in a case-part...
   result = nil
   case r.kind
-  of nkRecList: 
-    for i in countup(0, sonsLen(r) - 1): 
+  of nkRecList:
+    for i in countup(0, sonsLen(r) - 1):
       result = lookupInRecordAndBuildCheck(c, n, r.sons[i], field, check)
-      if result != nil: return 
-  of nkRecCase: 
+      if result != nil: return
+  of nkRecCase:
     checkMinSonsLen(r, 2)
     if (r.sons[0].kind != nkSym): illFormedAst(r)
     result = lookupInRecordAndBuildCheck(c, n, r.sons[0], field, check)
-    if result != nil: return 
+    if result != nil: return
     let setType = createSetType(c, r.sons[0].typ)
     var s = newNodeIT(nkCurly, r.info, setType)
-    for i in countup(1, sonsLen(r) - 1): 
+    for i in countup(1, sonsLen(r) - 1):
       var it = r.sons[i]
       case it.kind
       of nkOfBranch:
@@ -957,14 +957,14 @@ proc lookupInRecordAndBuildCheck(c: PContext, n, r: PNode, field: PIdent,
           addSon(check, notExpr)
           return
       else: illFormedAst(it)
-  of nkSym: 
+  of nkSym:
     if r.sym.name.id == field.id: result = r.sym
   else: illFormedAst(n)
 
-proc makeDeref(n: PNode): PNode = 
+proc makeDeref(n: PNode): PNode =
   var t = skipTypes(n.typ, {tyGenericInst})
   result = n
-  if t.kind == tyVar: 
+  if t.kind == tyVar:
     result = newNodeIT(nkHiddenDeref, n.info, t.sons[0])
     addSon(result, n)
     t = skipTypes(t.sons[0], {tyGenericInst})
@@ -1079,7 +1079,7 @@ proc builtinFieldAccess(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
           check.sons[0] = n
           check.typ = n.typ
           result = check
-  elif ty.kind == tyTuple and ty.n != nil: 
+  elif ty.kind == tyTuple and ty.n != nil:
     f = getSymFromList(ty.n, i)
     if f != nil:
       markUsed(n.sons[1].info, f)
@@ -1106,8 +1106,8 @@ proc dotTransformation(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
     result.flags.incl nfDotField
     addSon(result, newIdentNode(i, n[1].info))
     addSon(result, copyTree(n[0]))
-  
-proc semFieldAccess(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode = 
+
+proc semFieldAccess(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
   # this is difficult, because the '.' is used in many different contexts
   # in Nim. We first allow types in the semantic checking.
   result = builtinFieldAccess(c, n, flags)
@@ -1118,7 +1118,7 @@ proc buildOverloadedSubscripts(n: PNode, ident: PIdent): PNode =
   result = newNodeI(nkCall, n.info)
   result.add(newIdentNode(ident, n.info))
   for i in 0 .. n.len-1: result.add(n[i])
-  
+
 proc semDeref(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
   checkSonsLen(n, 1)
   n.sons[0] = semExprWithType(c, n.sons[0])
@@ -1127,12 +1127,12 @@ proc semDeref(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
   case t.kind
   of tyRef, tyPtr: n.typ = t.lastSon
   else: result = nil
-  #GlobalError(n.sons[0].info, errCircumNeedsPointer) 
+  #GlobalError(n.sons[0].info, errCircumNeedsPointer)
 
 proc semSubscript(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
   ## returns nil if not a built-in subscript operator; also called for the
   ## checking of assignments
-  if sonsLen(n) == 1: 
+  if sonsLen(n) == 1:
     var x = semDeref(c, n)
     if x == nil: return nil
     result = newNodeIT(nkDerefExpr, x.info, x.typ)
@@ -1142,12 +1142,12 @@ proc semSubscript(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
   n.sons[0] = semExprWithType(c, n.sons[0])
   var arr = skipTypes(n.sons[0].typ, {tyGenericInst, tyVar, tyPtr, tyRef})
   case arr.kind
-  of tyArray, tyOpenArray, tyVarargs, tyArrayConstr, tySequence, tyString, 
+  of tyArray, tyOpenArray, tyVarargs, tyArrayConstr, tySequence, tyString,
      tyCString:
     if n.len != 2: return nil
     n.sons[0] = makeDeref(n.sons[0])
-    for i in countup(1, sonsLen(n) - 1): 
-      n.sons[i] = semExprWithType(c, n.sons[i], 
+    for i in countup(1, sonsLen(n) - 1):
+      n.sons[i] = semExprWithType(c, n.sons[i],
                                   flags*{efInTypeof, efDetermineType})
     var indexType = if arr.kind == tyArray: arr.sons[0] else: getSysType(tyInt)
     var arg = indexTypesMatch(c, indexType, n.sons[1].typ, n.sons[1])
@@ -1157,28 +1157,28 @@ proc semSubscript(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
       result.typ = elemType(arr)
     #GlobalError(n.info, errIndexTypesDoNotMatch)
   of tyTypeDesc:
-    # The result so far is a tyTypeDesc bound 
+    # The result so far is a tyTypeDesc bound
     # a tyGenericBody. The line below will substitute
     # it with the instantiated type.
     result = n
     result.typ = makeTypeDesc(c, semTypeNode(c, n, nil))
     #result = symNodeFromType(c, semTypeNode(c, n, nil), n.info)
-  of tyTuple: 
+  of tyTuple:
     checkSonsLen(n, 2)
     n.sons[0] = makeDeref(n.sons[0])
     # [] operator for tuples requires constant expression:
     n.sons[1] = semConstExpr(c, n.sons[1])
     if skipTypes(n.sons[1].typ, {tyGenericInst, tyRange, tyOrdinal}).kind in
-        {tyInt..tyInt64}: 
+        {tyInt..tyInt64}:
       var idx = getOrdValue(n.sons[1])
       if idx >= 0 and idx < sonsLen(arr): n.typ = arr.sons[int(idx)]
       else: localError(n.info, errInvalidIndexValueForTuple)
-    else: 
+    else:
       localError(n.info, errIndexTypesDoNotMatch)
     result = n
   else: discard
-  
-proc semArrayAccess(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode = 
+
+proc semArrayAccess(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
   result = semSubscript(c, n, flags)
   if result == nil:
     # overloaded [] operator:
@@ -1195,7 +1195,7 @@ proc propertyWriteAccess(c: PContext, n, nOrig, a: PNode): PNode =
   result.flags.incl nfDotSetter
   let orig = newNode(nkCall, n.info, sons = @[setterId, aOrig[0], nOrig[1]])
   result = semOverloadedCallAnalyseEffects(c, result, orig, {})
-  
+
   if result != nil:
     result = afterCallActions(c, result, nOrig, {})
     #fixAbstractType(c, result)
@@ -1216,7 +1216,7 @@ proc takeImplicitAddr(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
       localError(n.info, errExprHasNoAddress)
   result = newNodeIT(nkHiddenAddr, n.info, makePtrType(c, n.typ))
   result.add(n)
-  
+
 proc asgnToResultVar(c: PContext, n, le, ri: PNode) {.inline.} =
   if le.kind == nkHiddenDeref:
     var x = le.sons[0]
@@ -1265,7 +1265,7 @@ proc semAsgn(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
   # a = b # both are vars, means: a[] = b[]
   # a = b # b no 'var T' means: a = addr(b)
   var le = a.typ
-  if skipTypes(le, {tyGenericInst}).kind != tyVar and 
+  if skipTypes(le, {tyGenericInst}).kind != tyVar and
       isAssignable(c, a) == arNone:
     # Direct assignment to a discriminant is allowed!
     localError(a.info, errXCannotBeAssignedTo,
@@ -1275,7 +1275,7 @@ proc semAsgn(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
       lhs = n.sons[0]
       lhsIsResult = lhs.kind == nkSym and lhs.sym.kind == skResult
     var
-      rhs = semExprWithType(c, n.sons[1], 
+      rhs = semExprWithType(c, n.sons[1],
         if lhsIsResult: {efAllowDestructor} else: {})
     if lhsIsResult:
       n.typ = enforceVoidContext
@@ -1300,13 +1300,13 @@ proc semReturn(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
                         skClosureIterator}:
     if n.sons[0].kind != nkEmpty:
       # transform ``return expr`` to ``result = expr; return``
-      if c.p.resultSym != nil: 
+      if c.p.resultSym != nil:
         var a = newNodeI(nkAsgn, n.sons[0].info)
         addSon(a, newSymNode(c.p.resultSym))
         addSon(a, n.sons[0])
         n.sons[0] = semAsgn(c, a)
         # optimize away ``result = result``:
-        if n[0][1].kind == nkSym and n[0][1].sym == c.p.resultSym: 
+        if n[0][1].kind == nkSym and n[0][1].sym == c.p.resultSym:
           n.sons[0] = ast.emptyNode
       else:
         localError(n.info, errNoReturnTypeDeclared)
@@ -1315,7 +1315,7 @@ proc semReturn(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
 
 proc semProcBody(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
   openScope(c)
-  
+
   result = semExpr(c, n)
   if c.p.resultSym != nil and not isEmptyType(result.typ):
     # transform ``expr`` to ``result = expr``, but not if the expr is already
@@ -1339,7 +1339,7 @@ proc semProcBody(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
       result = semAsgn(c, a)
   else:
     discardCheck(c, result)
-  
+
   if c.p.owner.kind notin {skMacro, skTemplate} and
      c.p.resultSym != nil and c.p.resultSym.typ.isMetaType:
     if isEmptyType(result.typ):
@@ -1362,14 +1362,14 @@ proc semYieldVarResult(c: PContext, n: PNode, restype: PType) =
       if e.kind == tyVar:
         if n.sons[0].kind == nkPar:
           n.sons[0].sons[i] = takeImplicitAddr(c, n.sons[0].sons[i])
-        elif n.sons[0].kind in {nkHiddenStdConv, nkHiddenSubConv} and 
+        elif n.sons[0].kind in {nkHiddenStdConv, nkHiddenSubConv} and
              n.sons[0].sons[1].kind == nkPar:
           var a = n.sons[0].sons[1]
           a.sons[i] = takeImplicitAddr(c, a.sons[i])
         else:
           localError(n.sons[0].info, errXExpected, "tuple constructor")
   else: discard
-  
+
 proc semYield(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
   result = n
   checkSonsLen(n, 1)
@@ -1387,14 +1387,14 @@ proc semYield(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
       if adjustedRes.kind != tyExpr:
         n.sons[0] = fitNode(c, adjustedRes, n.sons[0])
       if n.sons[0].typ == nil: internalError(n.info, "semYield")
-      
+
       if resultTypeIsInferrable(adjustedRes):
         let inferred = n.sons[0].typ
         if restype.kind == tyIter:
           restype.sons[0] = inferred
         else:
           iterType.sons[0] = inferred
-      
+
       semYieldVarResult(c, n, adjustedRes)
     else:
       localError(n.info, errCannotReturnExpr)
@@ -1402,25 +1402,25 @@ proc semYield(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
     localError(n.info, errGenerated, "yield statement must yield a value")
 
 proc lookUpForDefined(c: PContext, i: PIdent, onlyCurrentScope: bool): PSym =
-  if onlyCurrentScope: 
+  if onlyCurrentScope:
     result = localSearchInScope(c, i)
-  else: 
+  else:
     result = searchInScopes(c, i) # no need for stub loading
 
-proc lookUpForDefined(c: PContext, n: PNode, onlyCurrentScope: bool): PSym = 
+proc lookUpForDefined(c: PContext, n: PNode, onlyCurrentScope: bool): PSym =
   case n.kind
-  of nkIdent: 
+  of nkIdent:
     result = lookUpForDefined(c, n.ident, onlyCurrentScope)
   of nkDotExpr:
     result = nil
-    if onlyCurrentScope: return 
+    if onlyCurrentScope: return
     checkSonsLen(n, 2)
     var m = lookUpForDefined(c, n.sons[0], onlyCurrentScope)
     if m != nil and m.kind == skModule:
       let ident = considerQuotedIdent(n[1])
       if m == c.module:
         result = strTableGet(c.topLevelScope.symbols, ident)
-      else: 
+      else:
         result = strTableGet(m.tab, ident)
   of nkAccQuoted:
     result = lookUpForDefined(c, considerQuotedIdent(n), onlyCurrentScope)
@@ -1432,7 +1432,7 @@ proc lookUpForDefined(c: PContext, n: PNode, onlyCurrentScope: bool): PSym =
     localError(n.info, errIdentifierExpected, renderTree(n))
     result = nil
 
-proc semDefined(c: PContext, n: PNode, onlyCurrentScope: bool): PNode = 
+proc semDefined(c: PContext, n: PNode, onlyCurrentScope: bool): PNode =
   checkSonsLen(n, 2)
   # we replace this node by a 'true' or 'false' node:
   result = newIntNode(nkIntLit, 0)
@@ -1441,7 +1441,7 @@ proc semDefined(c: PContext, n: PNode, onlyCurrentScope: bool): PNode =
       localError(n.info, "obsolete usage of 'defined', use 'declared' instead")
     elif condsyms.isDefined(n.sons[1].ident):
       result.intVal = 1
-  elif lookUpForDefined(c, n.sons[1], onlyCurrentScope) != nil: 
+  elif lookUpForDefined(c, n.sons[1], onlyCurrentScope) != nil:
     result.intVal = 1
   result.info = n.info
   result.typ = getSysType(tyBool)
@@ -1544,7 +1544,7 @@ proc processQuotations(n: var PNode, op: string,
         n.sons[0] = newIdentNode(getIdent(examinedOp.substr(op.len)), n.info)
   elif n.kind == nkAccQuoted and op == "``":
     returnQuote n[0]
- 
+
   for i in 0 .. <n.safeLen:
     processQuotations(n.sons[i], op, quotes, ids)
 
@@ -1556,7 +1556,7 @@ proc semQuoteAst(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
     doBlk = n{-1}
     op = if n.len == 3: expectString(c, n[1]) else: "``"
     quotes = newSeq[PNode](1)
-      # the quotes will be added to a nkCall statement 
+      # the quotes will be added to a nkCall statement
       # leave some room for the callee symbol
     ids = newSeq[PNode]()
       # this will store the generated param names
@@ -1565,7 +1565,7 @@ proc semQuoteAst(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
     localError(n.info, errXExpected, "block")
 
   processQuotations(doBlk.sons[bodyPos], op, quotes, ids)
-  
+
   doBlk.sons[namePos] = newAnonSym(skTemplate, n.info).newSymNode
   if ids.len > 0:
     doBlk.sons[paramsPos] = newNodeI(nkFormalParams, n.info)
@@ -1573,7 +1573,7 @@ proc semQuoteAst(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
     ids.add getSysSym("expr").newSymNode # params type
     ids.add emptyNode # no default value
     doBlk[paramsPos].add newNode(nkIdentDefs, n.info, ids)
-  
+
   var tmpl = semTemplateDef(c, doBlk)
   quotes[0] = tmpl[namePos]
   result = newNode(nkCall, n.info, @[
@@ -1588,7 +1588,7 @@ proc tryExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode =
   inc c.inCompilesContext
   # do not halt after first error:
   msgs.gErrorMax = high(int)
-  
+
   # open a scope for temporary symbol inclusions:
   let oldScope = c.currentScope
   openScope(c)
@@ -1597,7 +1597,7 @@ proc tryExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode =
   let oldErrorOutputs = errorOutputs
   errorOutputs = {}
   let oldContextLen = msgs.getInfoContextLen()
-  
+
   let oldInGenericContext = c.inGenericContext
   let oldInUnrolledContext = c.inUnrolledContext
   let oldInGenericInst = c.inGenericInst
@@ -1625,7 +1625,7 @@ proc tryExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode =
 proc semCompiles(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
   # we replace this node by a 'true' or 'false' node:
   if sonsLen(n) != 2: return semDirectOp(c, n, flags)
-  
+
   result = newIntNode(nkIntLit, ord(tryExpr(c, n[1], flags) != nil))
   result.info = n.info
   result.typ = getSysType(tyBool)
@@ -1652,7 +1652,7 @@ proc instantiateCreateFlowVarCall(c: PContext; t: PType;
   let sym = magicsys.getCompilerProc("nimCreateFlowVar")
   if sym == nil:
     localError(info, errSystemNeeds, "nimCreateFlowVar")
-  var bindings: TIdTable 
+  var bindings: TIdTable
   initIdTable(bindings)
   bindings.idTablePut(sym.ast[genericParamsPos].sons[0].typ, t)
   result = c.semGenerateInstance(c, sym, bindings, info)
@@ -1662,12 +1662,12 @@ proc instantiateCreateFlowVarCall(c: PContext; t: PType;
     result.flags = result.flags - {sfCompilerProc, sfExportC, sfImportC}
     result.loc.r = nil
 
-proc setMs(n: PNode, s: PSym): PNode = 
+proc setMs(n: PNode, s: PSym): PNode =
   result = n
   n.sons[0] = newSymNode(s)
   n.sons[0].info = n.info
 
-proc semMagic(c: PContext, n: PNode, s: PSym, flags: TExprFlags): PNode = 
+proc semMagic(c: PContext, n: PNode, s: PSym, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
   # this is a hotspot in the compiler!
   # DON'T forget to update ast.SpecialSemMagics if you add a magic here!
   result = n
@@ -1713,36 +1713,36 @@ proc semWhen(c: PContext, n: PNode, semCheck = true): PNode =
   # If semCheck is set to false, ``when`` will return the verbatim AST of
   # the correct branch. Otherwise the AST will be passed through semStmt.
   result = nil
-  
+
   template setResult(e: expr) =
     if semCheck: result = semStmt(c, e) # do not open a new scope!
     else: result = e
 
-  for i in countup(0, sonsLen(n) - 1): 
+  for i in countup(0, sonsLen(n) - 1):
     var it = n.sons[i]
     case it.kind
-    of nkElifBranch, nkElifExpr: 
+    of nkElifBranch, nkElifExpr:
       checkSonsLen(it, 2)
       var e = semConstExpr(c, it.sons[0])
-      if e.kind != nkIntLit: 
+      if e.kind != nkIntLit:
         # can happen for cascading errors, assume false
         # InternalError(n.info, "semWhen")
         discard
       elif e.intVal != 0 and result == nil:
-        setResult(it.sons[1]) 
+        setResult(it.sons[1])
     of nkElse, nkElseExpr:
       checkSonsLen(it, 1)
-      if result == nil: 
+      if result == nil:
         setResult(it.sons[0])
     else: illFormedAst(n)
   if result == nil:
-    result = newNodeI(nkEmpty, n.info) 
+    result = newNodeI(nkEmpty, n.info)
   # The ``when`` statement implements the mechanism for platform dependent
   # code. Thus we try to ensure here consistent ID allocation after the
   # ``when`` statement.
   idSynchronizationPoint(200)
 
-proc semSetConstr(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode = 
+proc semSetConstr(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
   result = newNodeI(nkCurly, n.info)
   result.typ = newTypeS(tySet, c)
   if sonsLen(n) == 0:
@@ -1750,31 +1750,31 @@ proc semSetConstr(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
   else:
     # only semantic checking for all elements, later type checking:
     var typ: PType = nil
-    for i in countup(0, sonsLen(n) - 1): 
-      if isRange(n.sons[i]): 
+    for i in countup(0, sonsLen(n) - 1):
+      if isRange(n.sons[i]):
         checkSonsLen(n.sons[i], 3)
         n.sons[i].sons[1] = semExprWithType(c, n.sons[i].sons[1])
         n.sons[i].sons[2] = semExprWithType(c, n.sons[i].sons[2])
-        if typ == nil: 
-          typ = skipTypes(n.sons[i].sons[1].typ, 
+        if typ == nil:
+          typ = skipTypes(n.sons[i].sons[1].typ,
                           {tyGenericInst, tyVar, tyOrdinal})
         n.sons[i].typ = n.sons[i].sons[2].typ # range node needs type too
       elif n.sons[i].kind == nkRange:
         # already semchecked
         if typ == nil:
-          typ = skipTypes(n.sons[i].sons[0].typ, 
+          typ = skipTypes(n.sons[i].sons[0].typ,
                           {tyGenericInst, tyVar, tyOrdinal})
       else:
         n.sons[i] = semExprWithType(c, n.sons[i])
-        if typ == nil: 
+        if typ == nil:
           typ = skipTypes(n.sons[i].typ, {tyGenericInst, tyVar, tyOrdinal})
     if not isOrdinalType(typ):
       localError(n.info, errOrdinalTypeExpected)
       typ = makeRangeType(c, 0, MaxSetElements-1, n.info)
-    elif lengthOrd(typ) > MaxSetElements: 
+    elif lengthOrd(typ) > MaxSetElements:
       typ = makeRangeType(c, 0, MaxSetElements-1, n.info)
     addSonSkipIntLit(result.typ, typ)
-    for i in countup(0, sonsLen(n) - 1): 
+    for i in countup(0, sonsLen(n) - 1):
       var m: PNode
       if isRange(n.sons[i]):
         m = newNodeI(nkRange, n.sons[i].info)
@@ -1786,7 +1786,7 @@ proc semSetConstr(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
       addSon(result, m)
 
 proc semTableConstr(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
-  # we simply transform ``{key: value, key2, key3: value}`` to 
+  # we simply transform ``{key: value, key2, key3: value}`` to
   # ``[(key, value), (key2, value2), (key3, value2)]``
   result = newNodeI(nkBracket, n.info)
   var lastKey = 0
@@ -1815,7 +1815,7 @@ type
 
 proc checkPar(n: PNode): TParKind =
   var length = sonsLen(n)
-  if length == 0: 
+  if length == 0:
     result = paTuplePositions # ()
   elif length == 1:
     if n.sons[0].kind == nkExprColonExpr: result = paTupleFields
@@ -1845,7 +1845,7 @@ proc semTupleFieldsConstr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
     var id: PIdent
     if n.sons[i].sons[0].kind == nkIdent: id = n.sons[i].sons[0].ident
     else: id = n.sons[i].sons[0].sym.name
-    if containsOrIncl(ids, id.id): 
+    if containsOrIncl(ids, id.id):
       localError(n.sons[i].info, errFieldInitTwice, id.s)
     n.sons[i].sons[1] = semExprWithType(c, n.sons[i].sons[1],
                                         flags*{efAllowDestructor})
@@ -1858,14 +1858,22 @@ proc semTupleFieldsConstr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
     addSon(result, n.sons[i])
   result.typ = typ
 
-proc semTuplePositionsConstr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode = 
+proc semTuplePositionsConstr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
   result = n                  # we don't modify n, but compute the type:
   var typ = newTypeS(tyTuple, c)  # leave typ.n nil!
-  for i in countup(0, sonsLen(n) - 1): 
+  for i in countup(0, sonsLen(n) - 1):
     n.sons[i] = semExprWithType(c, n.sons[i], flags*{efAllowDestructor})
     addSonSkipIntLit(typ, n.sons[i].typ)
   result.typ = typ
 
+proc isTupleType(n: PNode): bool =
+  if n.len == 0:
+    return false # don't interpret () as type
+  for i in countup(0, n.len - 1):
+    if n[i].typ == nil or n[i].typ.kind != tyTypeDesc:
+      return false
+  return true
+
 proc checkInitialized(n: PNode, ids: IntSet, info: TLineInfo) =
   case n.kind
   of nkRecList:
@@ -1991,10 +1999,10 @@ proc setGenericParams(c: PContext, n: PNode) =
   for i in 1 .. <n.len:
     n[i].typ = semTypeNode(c, n[i], nil)
 
-proc semExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode = 
+proc semExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode =
   result = n
   if gCmd == cmdIdeTools: suggestExpr(c, n)
-  if nfSem in n.flags: return 
+  if nfSem in n.flags: return
   case n.kind
   of nkIdent, nkAccQuoted:
     var s = lookUp(c, n)
@@ -2011,43 +2019,43 @@ proc semExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode =
     # because of the changed symbol binding, this does not mean that we
     # don't have to check the symbol for semantics here again!
     result = semSym(c, n, n.sym, flags)
-  of nkEmpty, nkNone, nkCommentStmt: 
+  of nkEmpty, nkNone, nkCommentStmt:
     discard
-  of nkNilLit: 
+  of nkNilLit:
     result.typ = getSysType(tyNil)
   of nkIntLit:
     if result.typ == nil: setIntLitType(result)
   of nkInt8Lit:
     if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(tyInt8)
-  of nkInt16Lit: 
+  of nkInt16Lit:
     if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(tyInt16)
-  of nkInt32Lit: 
+  of nkInt32Lit:
     if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(tyInt32)
-  of nkInt64Lit: 
+  of nkInt64Lit:
     if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(tyInt64)
   of nkUIntLit:
     if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(tyUInt)
-  of nkUInt8Lit: 
+  of nkUInt8Lit:
     if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(tyUInt8)
-  of nkUInt16Lit: 
+  of nkUInt16Lit:
     if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(tyUInt16)
-  of nkUInt32Lit: 
+  of nkUInt32Lit:
     if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(tyUInt32)
-  of nkUInt64Lit: 
+  of nkUInt64Lit:
     if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(tyUInt64)
-  of nkFloatLit: 
+  of nkFloatLit:
     if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getFloatLitType(result)
-  of nkFloat32Lit: 
+  of nkFloat32Lit:
     if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(tyFloat32)
-  of nkFloat64Lit: 
+  of nkFloat64Lit:
     if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(tyFloat64)
-  of nkFloat128Lit: 
+  of nkFloat128Lit:
     if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(tyFloat128)
-  of nkStrLit..nkTripleStrLit: 
+  of nkStrLit..nkTripleStrLit:
     if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(tyString)
-  of nkCharLit: 
+  of nkCharLit:
     if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(tyChar)
-  of nkDotExpr: 
+  of nkDotExpr:
     result = semFieldAccess(c, n, flags)
     if result.kind == nkDotCall:
       result.kind = nkCall
@@ -2055,11 +2063,11 @@ proc semExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode =
   of nkBind:
     message(n.info, warnDeprecated, "bind")
     result = semExpr(c, n.sons[0], flags)
-  of nkTypeOfExpr, nkTupleTy, nkRefTy..nkEnumTy, nkStaticTy:
+  of nkTypeOfExpr, nkTupleTy, nkTupleClassTy, nkRefTy..nkEnumTy, nkStaticTy:
     var typ = semTypeNode(c, n, nil).skipTypes({tyTypeDesc, tyIter})
     result.typ = makeTypeDesc(c, typ)
     #result = symNodeFromType(c, typ, n.info)
-  of nkCall, nkInfix, nkPrefix, nkPostfix, nkCommand, nkCallStrLit: 
+  of nkCall, nkInfix, nkPrefix, nkPostfix, nkCommand, nkCallStrLit:
     # check if it is an expression macro:
     checkMinSonsLen(n, 1)
     let mode = if nfDotField in n.flags: {} else: {checkUndeclared}
@@ -2084,7 +2092,7 @@ proc semExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode =
           result = semConv(c, n)
         elif n.len == 1:
           result = semObjConstr(c, n, flags)
-        elif contains(c.ambiguousSymbols, s.id): 
+        elif contains(c.ambiguousSymbols, s.id):
           localError(n.info, errUseQualifier, s.name.s)
         elif s.magic == mNone: result = semDirectOp(c, n, flags)
         else: result = semMagic(c, n, s, flags)
@@ -2123,13 +2131,20 @@ proc semExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode =
       result = semArrayAccess(c, n, flags)
   of nkCurlyExpr:
     result = semExpr(c, buildOverloadedSubscripts(n, getIdent"{}"), flags)
-  of nkPragmaExpr: 
+  of nkPragmaExpr:
     # which pragmas are allowed for expressions? `likely`, `unlikely`
     internalError(n.info, "semExpr() to implement") # XXX: to implement
-  of nkPar: 
+  of nkPar:
     case checkPar(n)
     of paNone: result = errorNode(c, n)
-    of paTuplePositions: result = semTuplePositionsConstr(c, n, flags)
+    of paTuplePositions:
+      var tupexp = semTuplePositionsConstr(c, n, flags)
+      if isTupleType(tupexp):
+        # reinterpret as type
+        var typ = semTypeNode(c, n, nil).skipTypes({tyTypeDesc, tyIter})
+        result.typ = makeTypeDesc(c, typ)
+      else:
+        result = tupexp
     of paTupleFields: result = semTupleFieldsConstr(c, n, flags)
     of paSingle: result = semExpr(c, n.sons[0], flags)
   of nkCurly: result = semSetConstr(c, n)
@@ -2142,7 +2157,7 @@ proc semExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode =
     result = n
     checkSonsLen(n, 1)
     n.sons[0] = semExprWithType(c, n.sons[0])
-    if isAssignable(c, n.sons[0]) notin {arLValue, arLocalLValue}: 
+    if isAssignable(c, n.sons[0]) notin {arLValue, arLocalLValue}:
       localError(n.info, errExprHasNoAddress)
     n.typ = makePtrType(c, n.sons[0].typ)
   of nkHiddenAddr, nkHiddenDeref:
@@ -2150,13 +2165,13 @@ proc semExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode =
     n.sons[0] = semExpr(c, n.sons[0], flags)
   of nkCast: result = semCast(c, n)
   of nkIfExpr, nkIfStmt: result = semIf(c, n)
-  of nkHiddenStdConv, nkHiddenSubConv, nkConv, nkHiddenCallConv: 
+  of nkHiddenStdConv, nkHiddenSubConv, nkConv, nkHiddenCallConv:
     checkSonsLen(n, 2)
-  of nkStringToCString, nkCStringToString, nkObjDownConv, nkObjUpConv: 
+  of nkStringToCString, nkCStringToString, nkObjDownConv, nkObjUpConv:
     checkSonsLen(n, 1)
-  of nkChckRangeF, nkChckRange64, nkChckRange: 
+  of nkChckRangeF, nkChckRange64, nkChckRange:
     checkSonsLen(n, 3)
-  of nkCheckedFieldExpr: 
+  of nkCheckedFieldExpr:
     checkMinSonsLen(n, 2)
   of nkTableConstr:
     result = semTableConstr(c, n)
@@ -2191,16 +2206,16 @@ proc semExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode =
   of nkConverterDef: result = semConverterDef(c, n)
   of nkMacroDef: result = semMacroDef(c, n)
   of nkTemplateDef: result = semTemplateDef(c, n)
-  of nkImportStmt: 
+  of nkImportStmt:
     if not isTopLevel(c): localError(n.info, errXOnlyAtModuleScope, "import")
     result = evalImport(c, n)
   of nkImportExceptStmt:
     if not isTopLevel(c): localError(n.info, errXOnlyAtModuleScope, "import")
     result = evalImportExcept(c, n)
-  of nkFromStmt: 
+  of nkFromStmt:
     if not isTopLevel(c): localError(n.info, errXOnlyAtModuleScope, "from")
     result = evalFrom(c, n)
-  of nkIncludeStmt: 
+  of nkIncludeStmt:
     if not isTopLevel(c): localError(n.info, errXOnlyAtModuleScope, "include")
     result = evalInclude(c, n)
   of nkExportStmt, nkExportExceptStmt:
diff --git a/compiler/semgnrc.nim b/compiler/semgnrc.nim
index 2601f05ac..db910600b 100644
--- a/compiler/semgnrc.nim
+++ b/compiler/semgnrc.nim
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ proc semGenericStmt(c: PContext, n: PNode,
         of nkIdent: a = n.sons[i]
         else: illFormedAst(n)
         addDecl(c, newSymS(skUnknown, getIdentNode(a.sons[i]), c))
-  of nkObjectTy, nkTupleTy:
+  of nkObjectTy, nkTupleTy, nkTupleClassTy:
     discard
   of nkFormalParams:
     checkMinSonsLen(n, 1)
diff --git a/compiler/seminst.nim b/compiler/seminst.nim
index a10f27519..dc36ecf34 100644
--- a/compiler/seminst.nim
+++ b/compiler/seminst.nim
@@ -11,12 +11,12 @@
 # included from sem.nim
 
 proc instantiateGenericParamList(c: PContext, n: PNode, pt: TIdTable,
-                                 entry: var TInstantiation) = 
-  if n.kind != nkGenericParams: 
+                                 entry: var TInstantiation) =
+  if n.kind != nkGenericParams:
     internalError(n.info, "instantiateGenericParamList; no generic params")
   newSeq(entry.concreteTypes, n.len)
   for i, a in n.pairs:
-    if a.kind != nkSym: 
+    if a.kind != nkSym:
       internalError(a.info, "instantiateGenericParamList; no symbol")
     var q = a.sym
     if q.typ.kind notin {tyTypeDesc, tyGenericParam, tyStatic, tyIter}+tyTypeClasses:
@@ -27,13 +27,13 @@ proc instantiateGenericParamList(c: PContext, n: PNode, pt: TIdTable,
     var t = PType(idTableGet(pt, q.typ))
     if t == nil:
       if tfRetType in q.typ.flags:
-        # keep the generic type and allow the return type to be bound 
+        # keep the generic type and allow the return type to be bound
         # later by semAsgn in return type inference scenario
         t = q.typ
       else:
         localError(a.info, errCannotInstantiateX, s.name.s)
         t = errorType(c)
-    elif t.kind == tyGenericParam: 
+    elif t.kind == tyGenericParam:
       localError(a.info, errCannotInstantiateX, q.name.s)
       t = errorType(c)
     elif t.kind == tyGenericInvocation:
@@ -58,17 +58,17 @@ proc genericCacheGet(genericSym: PSym, entry: TInstantiation): PSym =
       if sameInstantiation(entry, inst[]):
         return inst.sym
 
-proc removeDefaultParamValues(n: PNode) = 
+proc removeDefaultParamValues(n: PNode) =
   # we remove default params, because they cannot be instantiated properly
   # and they are not needed anyway for instantiation (each param is already
   # provided).
   when false:
-    for i in countup(1, sonsLen(n)-1): 
+    for i in countup(1, sonsLen(n)-1):
       var a = n.sons[i]
       if a.kind != nkIdentDefs: IllFormedAst(a)
       var L = a.len
       if a.sons[L-1].kind != nkEmpty and a.sons[L-2].kind != nkEmpty:
-        # ``param: typ = defaultVal``. 
+        # ``param: typ = defaultVal``.
         # We don't need defaultVal for semantic checking and it's wrong for
         # ``cmp: proc (a, b: T): int = cmp``. Hm, for ``cmp = cmp`` that is
         # not possible... XXX We don't solve this issue here.
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ proc addProcDecls(c: PContext, fn: PSym) =
     var param = fn.typ.n.sons[i].sym
     param.owner = fn
     addParamOrResult(c, param, fn.kind)
-  
+
   maybeAddResult(c, fn, fn.ast)
 
 proc instantiateBody(c: PContext, n, params: PNode, result: PSym) =
@@ -132,9 +132,9 @@ proc fixupInstantiatedSymbols(c: PContext, s: PSym) =
       closeScope(c)
       popInfoContext()
 
-proc sideEffectsCheck(c: PContext, s: PSym) = 
+proc sideEffectsCheck(c: PContext, s: PSym) =
   if {sfNoSideEffect, sfSideEffect} * s.flags ==
-      {sfNoSideEffect, sfSideEffect}: 
+      {sfNoSideEffect, sfSideEffect}:
     localError(s.info, errXhasSideEffects, s.name.s)
 
 proc instGenericContainer(c: PContext, info: TLineInfo, header: PType,
@@ -162,18 +162,18 @@ proc instantiateProcType(c: PContext, pt: TIdTable,
   # Alas, doing this here is probably not enough, because another
   # proc signature could appear in the params:
   # proc foo[T](a: proc (x: T, b: type(x.y))
-  #   
+  #
   # The solution would be to move this logic into semtypinst, but
   # at this point semtypinst have to become part of sem, because it
   # will need to use openScope, addDecl, etc.
   addDecl(c, prc)
-  
+
   pushInfoContext(info)
   var cl = initTypeVars(c, pt, info)
   var result = instCopyType(cl, prc.typ)
   let originalParams = result.n
   result.n = originalParams.shallowCopy
-  
+
   for i in 1 .. <result.len:
     # twrong_field_caching requires these 'resetIdTable' calls:
     if i > 1: resetIdTable(cl.symMap)
@@ -198,10 +198,10 @@ proc instantiateProcType(c: PContext, pt: TIdTable,
   resetIdTable(cl.symMap)
   result.sons[0] = replaceTypeVarsT(cl, result.sons[0])
   result.n.sons[0] = originalParams[0].copyTree
-  
+
   eraseVoidParams(result)
   skipIntLiteralParams(result)
- 
+
   prc.typ = result
   maybeAddResult(c, prc, prc.ast)
   popInfoContext()
diff --git a/compiler/sempass2.nim b/compiler/sempass2.nim
index 60153e052..14644a8d6 100644
--- a/compiler/sempass2.nim
+++ b/compiler/sempass2.nim
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ proc guardDotAccess(a: PEffects; n: PNode) =
   if g.kind == skUnknown:
     var field: PSym = nil
     var ty = n.sons[0].typ.skipTypes(abstractPtrs)
-    if ty.kind == tyTuple:
+    if ty.kind == tyTuple and not ty.n.isNil:
       field = lookupInRecord(ty.n, g.name)
     else:
       while ty != nil and ty.kind == tyObject:
diff --git a/compiler/semstmts.nim b/compiler/semstmts.nim
index 3fbb6f8f3..ccfd74607 100644
--- a/compiler/semstmts.nim
+++ b/compiler/semstmts.nim
@@ -692,7 +692,7 @@ proc typeSectionFinalPass(c: PContext, n: PNode) =
           assignType(s.typ, t)
           s.typ.id = t.id     # same id
       checkConstructedType(s.info, s.typ)
-      if s.typ.kind in {tyObject, tyTuple}:
+      if s.typ.kind in {tyObject, tyTuple} and not s.typ.n.isNil:
         checkForMetaFields(s.typ.n)
     let aa = a.sons[2]
     if aa.kind in {nkRefTy, nkPtrTy} and aa.len == 1 and
diff --git a/compiler/semtypes.nim b/compiler/semtypes.nim
index 0735b76ce..ac0636211 100644
--- a/compiler/semtypes.nim
+++ b/compiler/semtypes.nim
@@ -345,8 +345,14 @@ proc semTypeIdent(c: PContext, n: PNode): PSym =
       localError(n.info, errIdentifierExpected)
       result = errorSym(c, n)
 
-proc semTuple(c: PContext, n: PNode, prev: PType): PType =
-  if n.sonsLen == 0: return newConstraint(c, tyTuple)
+proc semAnonTuple(c: PContext, n: PNode, prev: PType): PType =
+  if sonsLen(n) == 0:
+    localError(n.info, errTypeExpected)
+  result = newOrPrevType(tyTuple, prev, c)
+  for i in countup(0, sonsLen(n) - 1):
+    addSonSkipIntLit(result, semTypeNode(c, n.sons[i], nil))
+
+proc semTuple(c: PContext, n: PNode, prev: PType): PType = 
   var typ: PType
   result = newOrPrevType(tyTuple, prev, c)
   result.n = newNodeI(nkRecList, n.info)
@@ -1117,9 +1123,7 @@ proc semTypeNode(c: PContext, n: PNode, prev: PType): PType =
   of nkPar:
     if sonsLen(n) == 1: result = semTypeNode(c, n.sons[0], prev)
     else:
-      # XXX support anon tuple here
-      localError(n.info, errTypeExpected)
-      result = newOrPrevType(tyError, prev, c)
+      result = semAnonTuple(c, n, prev)
   of nkCallKinds:
     if isRange(n):
       result = semRangeAux(c, n, prev)
@@ -1227,6 +1231,7 @@ proc semTypeNode(c: PContext, n: PNode, prev: PType): PType =
       result = newOrPrevType(tyError, prev, c)
   of nkObjectTy: result = semObjectNode(c, n, prev)
   of nkTupleTy: result = semTuple(c, n, prev)
+  of nkTupleClassTy: result = newConstraint(c, tyTuple)
   of nkTypeClassTy: result = semTypeClass(c, n, prev)
   of nkRefTy: result = semAnyRef(c, n, tyRef, prev)
   of nkPtrTy: result = semAnyRef(c, n, tyPtr, prev)
diff --git a/compiler/semtypinst.nim b/compiler/semtypinst.nim
index 57aa6305e..012782730 100644
--- a/compiler/semtypinst.nim
+++ b/compiler/semtypinst.nim
@@ -341,6 +341,8 @@ proc skipIntLiteralParams*(t: PType) =
 proc propagateFieldFlags(t: PType, n: PNode) =
   # This is meant for objects and tuples
   # The type must be fully instantiated!
+  if n.isNil:
+    return
   internalAssert n.kind != nkRecWhen
   case n.kind
   of nkSym:
diff --git a/compiler/sigmatch.nim b/compiler/sigmatch.nim
index f34bdd3da..6fb50f8e5 100644
--- a/compiler/sigmatch.nim
+++ b/compiler/sigmatch.nim
@@ -1232,7 +1232,7 @@ proc paramTypesMatchAux(m: var TCandidate, f, argType: PType,
     elif f.kind == tyStatic:
       return arg.typ.n
     else:
-      return argOrig
+      return argSemantized # argOrig
 
   if r != isNone and f.isInlineIterator:
     var inlined = newTypeS(tyStatic, c)
diff --git a/compiler/types.nim b/compiler/types.nim
index 0cc5a212b..5f506f10f 100644
--- a/compiler/types.nim
+++ b/compiler/types.nim
@@ -507,18 +507,22 @@ proc typeToString(typ: PType, prefer: TPreferedDesc = preferName): string =
       if prefer == preferModuleInfo: preferModuleInfo else: preferName)
   of tyTuple:
     # we iterate over t.sons here, because t.n may be nil
-    result = "tuple["
     if t.n != nil:
+      result = "tuple["
       assert(sonsLen(t.n) == sonsLen(t))
       for i in countup(0, sonsLen(t.n) - 1):
         assert(t.n.sons[i].kind == nkSym)
         add(result, t.n.sons[i].sym.name.s & ": " & typeToString(t.sons[i]))
         if i < sonsLen(t.n) - 1: add(result, ", ")
+      add(result, ']')
+    elif sonsLen(t) == 0:
+      result = "tuple[]"
     else:
+      result = "("
       for i in countup(0, sonsLen(t) - 1):
         add(result, typeToString(t.sons[i]))
         if i < sonsLen(t) - 1: add(result, ", ")
-    add(result, ']')
+      add(result, ')')
   of tyPtr, tyRef, tyVar, tyMutable, tyConst:
     result = typeToStr[t.kind]
     if t.len >= 2:
@@ -823,8 +827,13 @@ proc sameEnumTypes*(a, b: PType): bool {.inline.} =
 proc sameObjectTree(a, b: PNode, c: var TSameTypeClosure): bool =
   if a == b:
     result = true
-  elif (a != nil) and (b != nil) and (a.kind == b.kind):
-    if sameTypeOrNilAux(a.typ, b.typ, c):
+  elif a != nil and b != nil and a.kind == b.kind:
+    var x = a.typ
+    var y = b.typ
+    if IgnoreTupleFields in c.flags:
+      if x != nil: x = skipTypes(x, {tyRange, tyGenericInst})
+      if y != nil: y = skipTypes(y, {tyRange, tyGenericInst})
+    if sameTypeOrNilAux(x, y, c):
       case a.kind
       of nkSym:
         # same symbol as string is enough:
diff --git a/compiler/typesrenderer.nim b/compiler/typesrenderer.nim
index 995fe7f50..700356ab7 100644
--- a/compiler/typesrenderer.nim
+++ b/compiler/typesrenderer.nim
@@ -68,7 +68,6 @@ proc renderType(n: PNode): string =
       assert n[i].kind == nkIdent
       result.add(',' & typeStr)
   of nkTupleTy:
-    assert len(n) > 0
     result = "tuple["
     for i in 0 .. <len(n): result.add(renderType(n[i]) & ',')
     result[<len(result)] = ']'
diff --git a/lib/core/macros.nim b/lib/core/macros.nim
index 0888a8767..f73dbd241 100644
--- a/lib/core/macros.nim
+++ b/lib/core/macros.nim
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ type
     nnkStmtListType, nnkBlockType,
     nnkWith, nnkWithout,
     nnkTypeOfExpr, nnkObjectTy,
-    nnkTupleTy, nnkTypeClassTy, nnkStaticTy,
+    nnkTupleTy, nnkTupleClassTy, nnkTypeClassTy, nnkStaticTy,
     nnkRecList, nnkRecCase, nnkRecWhen,
     nnkRefTy, nnkPtrTy, nnkVarTy,
     nnkConstTy, nnkMutableTy,
diff --git a/lib/pure/asyncdispatch.nim b/lib/pure/asyncdispatch.nim
index d6ed66030..bf905ed49 100644
--- a/lib/pure/asyncdispatch.nim
+++ b/lib/pure/asyncdispatch.nim
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ export Port, SocketFlag
 ##
 ## Limitations/Bugs
 ## ----------------
-## 
+##
 ## * ``except`` statement (without `try`) does not work inside async procedures.
 ## * The effect system (``raises: []``) does not work with async procedures.
 ## * Can't await in a ``except`` body
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ when defined(windows) or defined(nimdoc):
     if p.handles.len == 0 and p.timers.len == 0:
       raise newException(ValueError,
         "No handles or timers registered in dispatcher.")
-    
+
     let llTimeout =
       if timeout ==  -1: winlean.INFINITE
       else: timeout.int32
@@ -436,12 +436,12 @@ when defined(windows) or defined(nimdoc):
     if not initPointer(dummySock, getAcceptExSockAddrsPtr, WSAID_GETACCEPTEXSOCKADDRS):
       raiseOSError(osLastError())
 
-  proc connectEx(s: SocketHandle, name: ptr SockAddr, namelen: cint, 
+  proc connectEx(s: SocketHandle, name: ptr SockAddr, namelen: cint,
                   lpSendBuffer: pointer, dwSendDataLength: Dword,
                   lpdwBytesSent: PDword, lpOverlapped: POVERLAPPED): bool =
     if connectExPtr.isNil: raise newException(ValueError, "Need to initialise ConnectEx().")
     let fun =
-      cast[proc (s: SocketHandle, name: ptr SockAddr, namelen: cint, 
+      cast[proc (s: SocketHandle, name: ptr SockAddr, namelen: cint,
          lpSendBuffer: pointer, dwSendDataLength: Dword,
          lpdwBytesSent: PDword, lpOverlapped: POVERLAPPED): bool {.stdcall,gcsafe.}](connectExPtr)
 
@@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ when defined(windows) or defined(nimdoc):
                  dwRemoteAddressLength: Dword, LocalSockaddr: ptr ptr SockAddr,
                  LocalSockaddrLength: LPInt, RemoteSockaddr: ptr ptr SockAddr,
                 RemoteSockaddrLength: LPInt) {.stdcall,gcsafe.}](getAcceptExSockAddrsPtr)
-    
+
     fun(lpOutputBuffer, dwReceiveDataLength, dwLocalAddressLength,
                   dwRemoteAddressLength, LocalSockaddr, LocalSockaddrLength,
                   RemoteSockaddr, RemoteSockaddrLength)
@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ when defined(windows) or defined(nimdoc):
             else:
               retFuture.fail(newException(OSError, osErrorMsg(errcode)))
       )
-      
+
       var ret = connectEx(socket.SocketHandle, it.ai_addr,
                           sizeof(Sockaddr_in).cint, nil, 0, nil,
                           cast[POVERLAPPED](ol))
@@ -565,7 +565,7 @@ when defined(windows) or defined(nimdoc):
     var dataBuf: TWSABuf
     dataBuf.buf = cast[cstring](alloc0(size))
     dataBuf.len = size
-    
+
     var bytesReceived: Dword
     var flagsio = flags.toOSFlags().Dword
     var ol = PCustomOverlapped()
@@ -612,9 +612,9 @@ when defined(windows) or defined(nimdoc):
       # the empty string (which signals a disconnection) when there is
       # nothing left to read.
       retFuture.complete("")
-      # TODO: "For message-oriented sockets, where a zero byte message is often 
-      # allowable, a failure with an error code of WSAEDISCON is used to 
-      # indicate graceful closure." 
+      # TODO: "For message-oriented sockets, where a zero byte message is often
+      # allowable, a failure with an error code of WSAEDISCON is used to
+      # indicate graceful closure."
       # ~ http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms741688%28v=vs.85%29.aspx
     else:
       # Request to read completed immediately.
@@ -748,7 +748,7 @@ when defined(windows) or defined(nimdoc):
 
     # http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms737524%28v=vs.85%29.aspx
     let ret = acceptEx(socket.SocketHandle, clientSock, addr lpOutputBuf[0],
-                       dwReceiveDataLength, 
+                       dwReceiveDataLength,
                        dwLocalAddressLength,
                        dwRemoteAddressLength,
                        addr dwBytesReceived, cast[POVERLAPPED](ol))
@@ -803,7 +803,7 @@ else:
   else:
     from posix import EINTR, EAGAIN, EINPROGRESS, EWOULDBLOCK, MSG_PEEK,
                       MSG_NOSIGNAL
-  
+
   type
     TAsyncFD* = distinct cint
     TCallback = proc (fd: TAsyncFD): bool {.closure,gcsafe.}
@@ -849,7 +849,7 @@ else:
     result = newRawSocket(domain, typ, protocol).TAsyncFD
     result.SocketHandle.setBlocking(false)
     register(result)
-  
+
   proc closeSocket*(sock: TAsyncFD) =
     let disp = getGlobalDispatcher()
     sock.SocketHandle.close()
@@ -864,14 +864,14 @@ else:
       raise newException(ValueError, "File descriptor not registered.")
     p.selector[fd.SocketHandle].data.PData.readCBs.add(cb)
     update(fd, p.selector[fd.SocketHandle].events + {EvRead})
-  
+
   proc addWrite*(fd: TAsyncFD, cb: TCallback) =
     let p = getGlobalDispatcher()
     if fd.SocketHandle notin p.selector:
       raise newException(ValueError, "File descriptor not registered.")
     p.selector[fd.SocketHandle].data.PData.writeCBs.add(cb)
     update(fd, p.selector[fd.SocketHandle].events + {EvWrite})
-  
+
   proc poll*(timeout = 500) =
     let p = getGlobalDispatcher()
     for info in p.selector.select(timeout):
@@ -892,7 +892,7 @@ else:
           if not cb(data.fd):
             # Callback wants to be called again.
             data.readCBs.add(cb)
-      
+
       if EvWrite in info.events:
         let currentCBs = data.writeCBs
         data.writeCBs = @[]
@@ -900,7 +900,7 @@ else:
           if not cb(data.fd):
             # Callback wants to be called again.
             data.writeCBs.add(cb)
-      
+
       if info.key in p.selector:
         var newEvents: set[Event]
         if data.readCBs.len != 0: newEvents = {EvRead}
@@ -913,16 +913,16 @@ else:
         discard
 
     processTimers(p)
-  
+
   proc connect*(socket: TAsyncFD, address: string, port: Port,
     af = AF_INET): Future[void] =
     var retFuture = newFuture[void]("connect")
-    
+
     proc cb(fd: TAsyncFD): bool =
       # We have connected.
       retFuture.complete()
       return true
-    
+
     var aiList = getAddrInfo(address, port, af)
     var success = false
     var lastError: OSErrorCode
@@ -952,7 +952,7 @@ else:
   proc recv*(socket: TAsyncFD, size: int,
              flags = {SocketFlag.SafeDisconn}): Future[string] =
     var retFuture = newFuture[string]("recv")
-    
+
     var readBuffer = newString(size)
 
     proc cb(sock: TAsyncFD): bool =
@@ -983,9 +983,9 @@ else:
   proc send*(socket: TAsyncFD, data: string,
              flags = {SocketFlag.SafeDisconn}): Future[void] =
     var retFuture = newFuture[void]("send")
-    
+
     var written = 0
-    
+
     proc cb(sock: TAsyncFD): bool =
       result = true
       let netSize = data.len-written
@@ -1222,7 +1222,7 @@ proc processBody(node, retFutureSym: PNimrodNode,
   of nnkTryStmt:
     # try: await x; except: ...
     result = newNimNode(nnkStmtList, node)
-    template wrapInTry(n, tryBody: PNimrodNode) =
+    template wrapInTry(n, tryBody: expr) =
       var temp = n
       n[0] = tryBody
       tryBody = temp
@@ -1315,14 +1315,14 @@ macro async*(prc: stmt): stmt {.immediate.} =
     if returnType.kind == nnkEmpty: newIdentNode("void")
     else: returnType[1]
   outerProcBody.add(
-    newVarStmt(retFutureSym, 
+    newVarStmt(retFutureSym,
       newCall(
         newNimNode(nnkBracketExpr, prc[6]).add(
           newIdentNode(!"newFuture"), # TODO: Strange bug here? Remove the `!`.
           subRetType),
       newLit(prc[0].getName)))) # Get type from return type of this proc
-  
-  # -> iterator nameIter(): FutureBase {.closure.} = 
+
+  # -> iterator nameIter(): FutureBase {.closure.} =
   # ->   var result: T
   # ->   <proc_body>
   # ->   complete(retFuture, result)
@@ -1337,7 +1337,7 @@ macro async*(prc: stmt): stmt {.immediate.} =
   else:
     # -> complete(retFuture)
     procBody.add(newCall(newIdentNode("complete"), retFutureSym))
-  
+
   var closureIterator = newProc(iteratorNameSym, [newIdentNode("FutureBase")],
                                 procBody, nnkIteratorDef)
   closureIterator[4] = newNimNode(nnkPragma, prc[6]).add(newIdentNode("closure"))
@@ -1351,7 +1351,7 @@ macro async*(prc: stmt): stmt {.immediate.} =
 
   # -> return retFuture
   outerProcBody.add newNimNode(nnkReturnStmt, prc[6][prc[6].len-1]).add(retFutureSym)
-  
+
   result = prc
 
   # Remove the 'async' pragma.
@@ -1377,7 +1377,7 @@ proc recvLine*(socket: TAsyncFD): Future[string] {.async.} =
   ## If a full line is read ``\r\L`` is not
   ## added to ``line``, however if solely ``\r\L`` is read then ``line``
   ## will be set to it.
-  ## 
+  ##
   ## If the socket is disconnected, ``line`` will be set to ``""``.
   ##
   ## If the socket is disconnected in the middle of a line (before ``\r\L``
@@ -1388,7 +1388,7 @@ proc recvLine*(socket: TAsyncFD): Future[string] {.async.} =
   ##
   ## **Note**: This procedure is mostly used for testing. You likely want to
   ## use ``asyncnet.recvLine`` instead.
-  
+
   template addNLIfEmpty(): stmt =
     if result.len == 0:
       result.add("\c\L")
diff --git a/lib/pure/pegs.nim b/lib/pure/pegs.nim
index 419554de5..04c75ecae 100644
--- a/lib/pure/pegs.nim
+++ b/lib/pure/pegs.nim
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ when useUnicode:
 const
   InlineThreshold = 5  ## number of leaves; -1 to disable inlining
   MaxSubpatterns* = 20 ## defines the maximum number of subpatterns that
-                       ## can be captured. More subpatterns cannot be captured! 
+                       ## can be captured. More subpatterns cannot be captured!
 
 type
   PegKind = enum
@@ -85,14 +85,14 @@ type
     of pkBackRef..pkBackRefIgnoreStyle: index: range[0..MaxSubpatterns]
     else: sons: seq[TNode]
   NonTerminal* = ref NonTerminalObj
-  
+
   Peg* = TNode ## type that represents a PEG
 
 {.deprecated: [TPeg: Peg].}
 
 proc term*(t: string): Peg {.nosideEffect, rtl, extern: "npegs$1Str".} =
   ## constructs a PEG from a terminal string
-  if t.len != 1:  
+  if t.len != 1:
     result.kind = pkTerminal
     result.term = t
   else:
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ proc term*(t: char): Peg {.nosideEffect, rtl, extern: "npegs$1Char".} =
   assert t != '\0'
   result.kind = pkChar
   result.ch = t
-  
+
 proc charSet*(s: set[char]): Peg {.nosideEffect, rtl, extern: "npegs$1".} =
   ## constructs a PEG from a character set `s`
   assert '\0' notin s
@@ -129,12 +129,12 @@ proc add(d: var Peg, s: Peg) {.inline.} = add(d.sons, s)
 
 proc addChoice(dest: var Peg, elem: Peg) =
   var L = dest.len-1
-  if L >= 0 and dest.sons[L].kind == pkCharChoice: 
+  if L >= 0 and dest.sons[L].kind == pkCharChoice:
     # caution! Do not introduce false aliasing here!
     case elem.kind
     of pkCharChoice:
       dest.sons[L] = charSet(dest.sons[L].charChoice[] + elem.charChoice[])
-    of pkChar: 
+    of pkChar:
       dest.sons[L] = charSet(dest.sons[L].charChoice[] + {elem.ch})
     else: add(dest, elem)
   else: add(dest, elem)
@@ -158,12 +158,12 @@ proc `/`*(a: varargs[Peg]): Peg {.
 
 proc addSequence(dest: var Peg, elem: Peg) =
   var L = dest.len-1
-  if L >= 0 and dest.sons[L].kind == pkTerminal: 
+  if L >= 0 and dest.sons[L].kind == pkTerminal:
     # caution! Do not introduce false aliasing here!
     case elem.kind
-    of pkTerminal: 
+    of pkTerminal:
       dest.sons[L] = term(dest.sons[L].term & elem.term)
-    of pkChar: 
+    of pkChar:
       dest.sons[L] = term(dest.sons[L].term & elem.ch)
     else: add(dest, elem)
   else: add(dest, elem)
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ proc sequence*(a: varargs[Peg]): Peg {.
   nosideEffect, rtl, extern: "npegs$1".} =
   ## constructs a sequence with all the PEGs from `a`
   multipleOp(pkSequence, addSequence)
- 
+
 proc `?`*(a: Peg): Peg {.nosideEffect, rtl, extern: "npegsOptional".} =
   ## constructs an optional for the PEG `a`
   if a.kind in {pkOption, pkGreedyRep, pkGreedyAny, pkGreedyRepChar,
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ proc `!*`*(a: Peg): Peg {.nosideEffect, rtl, extern: "npegsSearch".} =
   result.kind = pkSearch
   result.sons = @[a]
 
-proc `!*\`*(a: Peg): Peg {.noSideEffect, rtl, 
+proc `!*\`*(a: Peg): Peg {.noSideEffect, rtl,
                              extern: "npgegsCapturedSearch".} =
   ## constructs a "captured search" for the PEG `a`
   result.kind = pkCapturedSearch
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ proc `!*\`*(a: Peg): Peg {.noSideEffect, rtl,
 proc `+`*(a: Peg): Peg {.nosideEffect, rtl, extern: "npegsGreedyPosRep".} =
   ## constructs a "greedy positive repetition" with the PEG `a`
   return sequence(a, *a)
-  
+
 proc `&`*(a: Peg): Peg {.nosideEffect, rtl, extern: "npegsAndPredicate".} =
   ## constructs an "and predicate" with the PEG `a`
   result.kind = pkAndPredicate
@@ -239,33 +239,33 @@ proc newLine*: Peg {.inline.} =
   ## constructs the PEG `newline`:idx: (``\n``)
   result.kind = pkNewLine
 
-proc unicodeLetter*: Peg {.inline.} = 
+proc unicodeLetter*: Peg {.inline.} =
   ## constructs the PEG ``\letter`` which matches any Unicode letter.
   result.kind = pkLetter
-  
-proc unicodeLower*: Peg {.inline.} = 
+
+proc unicodeLower*: Peg {.inline.} =
   ## constructs the PEG ``\lower`` which matches any Unicode lowercase letter.
-  result.kind = pkLower 
+  result.kind = pkLower
 
-proc unicodeUpper*: Peg {.inline.} = 
+proc unicodeUpper*: Peg {.inline.} =
   ## constructs the PEG ``\upper`` which matches any Unicode uppercase letter.
   result.kind = pkUpper
-  
-proc unicodeTitle*: Peg {.inline.} = 
+
+proc unicodeTitle*: Peg {.inline.} =
   ## constructs the PEG ``\title`` which matches any Unicode title letter.
   result.kind = pkTitle
 
-proc unicodeWhitespace*: Peg {.inline.} = 
-  ## constructs the PEG ``\white`` which matches any Unicode 
+proc unicodeWhitespace*: Peg {.inline.} =
+  ## constructs the PEG ``\white`` which matches any Unicode
   ## whitespace character.
   result.kind = pkWhitespace
 
-proc startAnchor*: Peg {.inline.} = 
-  ## constructs the PEG ``^`` which matches the start of the input.  
+proc startAnchor*: Peg {.inline.} =
+  ## constructs the PEG ``^`` which matches the start of the input.
   result.kind = pkStartAnchor
 
-proc endAnchor*: Peg {.inline.} = 
-  ## constructs the PEG ``$`` which matches the end of the input.  
+proc endAnchor*: Peg {.inline.} =
+  ## constructs the PEG ``$`` which matches the end of the input.
   result = !any()
 
 proc capture*(a: Peg): Peg {.nosideEffect, rtl, extern: "npegsCapture".} =
@@ -274,21 +274,21 @@ proc capture*(a: Peg): Peg {.nosideEffect, rtl, extern: "npegsCapture".} =
   result.sons = @[a]
 
 proc backref*(index: range[1..MaxSubpatterns]): Peg {.
-  nosideEffect, rtl, extern: "npegs$1".} = 
+  nosideEffect, rtl, extern: "npegs$1".} =
   ## constructs a back reference of the given `index`. `index` starts counting
   ## from 1.
   result.kind = pkBackRef
   result.index = index-1
 
 proc backrefIgnoreCase*(index: range[1..MaxSubpatterns]): Peg {.
-  nosideEffect, rtl, extern: "npegs$1".} = 
+  nosideEffect, rtl, extern: "npegs$1".} =
   ## constructs a back reference of the given `index`. `index` starts counting
   ## from 1. Ignores case for matching.
   result.kind = pkBackRefIgnoreCase
   result.index = index-1
 
 proc backrefIgnoreStyle*(index: range[1..MaxSubpatterns]): Peg {.
-  nosideEffect, rtl, extern: "npegs$1".}= 
+  nosideEffect, rtl, extern: "npegs$1".}=
   ## constructs a back reference of the given `index`. `index` starts counting
   ## from 1. Ignores style for matching.
   result.kind = pkBackRefIgnoreStyle
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ proc spaceCost(n: Peg): int =
   case n.kind
   of pkEmpty: discard
   of pkTerminal, pkTerminalIgnoreCase, pkTerminalIgnoreStyle, pkChar,
-     pkGreedyRepChar, pkCharChoice, pkGreedyRepSet, 
+     pkGreedyRepChar, pkCharChoice, pkGreedyRepSet,
      pkAny..pkWhitespace, pkGreedyAny:
     result = 1
   of pkNonTerminal:
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ proc spaceCost(n: Peg): int =
       if result >= InlineThreshold: break
 
 proc nonterminal*(n: NonTerminal): Peg {.
-  nosideEffect, rtl, extern: "npegs$1".} = 
+  nosideEffect, rtl, extern: "npegs$1".} =
   ## constructs a PEG that consists of the nonterminal symbol
   assert n != nil
   if ntDeclared in n.flags and spaceCost(n.rule) < InlineThreshold:
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ proc newNonTerminal*(name: string, line, column: int): NonTerminal {.
 template letters*: expr =
   ## expands to ``charset({'A'..'Z', 'a'..'z'})``
   charSet({'A'..'Z', 'a'..'z'})
-  
+
 template digits*: expr =
   ## expands to ``charset({'0'..'9'})``
   charSet({'0'..'9'})
@@ -339,11 +339,11 @@ template digits*: expr =
 template whitespace*: expr =
   ## expands to ``charset({' ', '\9'..'\13'})``
   charSet({' ', '\9'..'\13'})
-  
+
 template identChars*: expr =
   ## expands to ``charset({'a'..'z', 'A'..'Z', '0'..'9', '_'})``
   charSet({'a'..'z', 'A'..'Z', '0'..'9', '_'})
-  
+
 template identStartChars*: expr =
   ## expands to ``charset({'A'..'Z', 'a'..'z', '_'})``
   charSet({'a'..'z', 'A'..'Z', '_'})
@@ -352,14 +352,14 @@ template ident*: expr =
   ## same as ``[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-z_0-9]*``; standard identifier
   sequence(charSet({'a'..'z', 'A'..'Z', '_'}),
            *charSet({'a'..'z', 'A'..'Z', '0'..'9', '_'}))
-  
+
 template natural*: expr =
   ## same as ``\d+``
   +digits
 
 # ------------------------- debugging -----------------------------------------
 
-proc esc(c: char, reserved = {'\0'..'\255'}): string = 
+proc esc(c: char, reserved = {'\0'..'\255'}): string =
   case c
   of '\b': result = "\\b"
   of '\t': result = "\\t"
@@ -374,38 +374,38 @@ proc esc(c: char, reserved = {'\0'..'\255'}): string =
   elif c < ' ' or c >= '\128': result = '\\' & $ord(c)
   elif c in reserved: result = '\\' & c
   else: result = $c
-  
+
 proc singleQuoteEsc(c: char): string = return "'" & esc(c, {'\''}) & "'"
 
-proc singleQuoteEsc(str: string): string = 
+proc singleQuoteEsc(str: string): string =
   result = "'"
   for c in items(str): add result, esc(c, {'\''})
   add result, '\''
-  
-proc charSetEscAux(cc: set[char]): string = 
+
+proc charSetEscAux(cc: set[char]): string =
   const reserved = {'^', '-', ']'}
   result = ""
   var c1 = 0
-  while c1 <= 0xff: 
-    if chr(c1) in cc: 
+  while c1 <= 0xff:
+    if chr(c1) in cc:
       var c2 = c1
       while c2 < 0xff and chr(succ(c2)) in cc: inc(c2)
-      if c1 == c2: 
+      if c1 == c2:
         add result, esc(chr(c1), reserved)
-      elif c2 == succ(c1): 
+      elif c2 == succ(c1):
         add result, esc(chr(c1), reserved) & esc(chr(c2), reserved)
-      else: 
+      else:
         add result, esc(chr(c1), reserved) & '-' & esc(chr(c2), reserved)
       c1 = c2
     inc(c1)
-  
+
 proc charSetEsc(cc: set[char]): string =
-  if card(cc) >= 128+64: 
+  if card(cc) >= 128+64:
     result = "[^" & charSetEscAux({'\1'..'\xFF'} - cc) & ']'
-  else: 
+  else:
     result = '[' & charSetEscAux(cc) & ']'
-  
-proc toStrAux(r: Peg, res: var string) = 
+
+proc toStrAux(r: Peg, res: var string) =
   case r.kind
   of pkEmpty: add(res, "()")
   of pkAny: add(res, '.')
@@ -469,25 +469,25 @@ proc toStrAux(r: Peg, res: var string) =
     toStrAux(r.sons[0], res)
   of pkCapture:
     add(res, '{')
-    toStrAux(r.sons[0], res)    
+    toStrAux(r.sons[0], res)
     add(res, '}')
-  of pkBackRef: 
+  of pkBackRef:
     add(res, '$')
     add(res, $r.index)
-  of pkBackRefIgnoreCase: 
+  of pkBackRefIgnoreCase:
     add(res, "i$")
     add(res, $r.index)
-  of pkBackRefIgnoreStyle: 
+  of pkBackRefIgnoreStyle:
     add(res, "y$")
     add(res, $r.index)
   of pkRule:
-    toStrAux(r.sons[0], res)    
+    toStrAux(r.sons[0], res)
     add(res, " <- ")
     toStrAux(r.sons[1], res)
   of pkList:
     for i in 0 .. high(r.sons):
       toStrAux(r.sons[i], res)
-      add(res, "\n")  
+      add(res, "\n")
   of pkStartAnchor:
     add(res, '^')
 
@@ -506,8 +506,8 @@ type
 
 {.deprecated: [TCaptures: Captures].}
 
-proc bounds*(c: Captures, 
-             i: range[0..MaxSubpatterns-1]): tuple[first, last: int] = 
+proc bounds*(c: Captures,
+             i: range[0..MaxSubpatterns-1]): tuple[first, last: int] =
   ## returns the bounds ``[first..last]`` of the `i`'th capture.
   result = c.matches[i]
 
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ when not useUnicode:
 
 proc rawMatch*(s: string, p: Peg, start: int, c: var Captures): int {.
                nosideEffect, rtl, extern: "npegs$1".} =
-  ## low-level matching proc that implements the PEG interpreter. Use this 
+  ## low-level matching proc that implements the PEG interpreter. Use this
   ## for maximum efficiency (every other PEG operation ends up calling this
   ## proc).
   ## Returns -1 if it does not match, else the length of the match
@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ proc rawMatch*(s: string, p: Peg, start: int, c: var Captures): int {.
       result = runeLenAt(s, start)
     else:
       result = -1
-  of pkLetter: 
+  of pkLetter:
     if s[start] != '\0':
       var a: Rune
       result = start
@@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ proc rawMatch*(s: string, p: Peg, start: int, c: var Captures): int {.
       else: result = -1
     else:
       result = -1
-  of pkLower: 
+  of pkLower:
     if s[start] != '\0':
       var a: Rune
       result = start
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ proc rawMatch*(s: string, p: Peg, start: int, c: var Captures): int {.
       else: result = -1
     else:
       result = -1
-  of pkUpper: 
+  of pkUpper:
     if s[start] != '\0':
       var a: Rune
       result = start
@@ -568,16 +568,16 @@ proc rawMatch*(s: string, p: Peg, start: int, c: var Captures): int {.
       else: result = -1
     else:
       result = -1
-  of pkTitle: 
+  of pkTitle:
     if s[start] != '\0':
       var a: Rune
       result = start
       fastRuneAt(s, result, a)
-      if isTitle(a): dec(result, start) 
+      if isTitle(a): dec(result, start)
       else: result = -1
     else:
       result = -1
-  of pkWhitespace: 
+  of pkWhitespace:
     if s[start] != '\0':
       var a: Rune
       result = start
@@ -641,7 +641,7 @@ proc rawMatch*(s: string, p: Peg, start: int, c: var Captures): int {.
     when false: echo "leave: ", p.nt.name
     if result < 0: c.ml = oldMl
   of pkSequence:
-    var oldMl = c.ml  
+    var oldMl = c.ml
     result = 0
     for i in 0..high(p.sons):
       var x = rawMatch(s, p.sons[i], start+result, c)
@@ -723,11 +723,11 @@ proc rawMatch*(s: string, p: Peg, start: int, c: var Captures): int {.
       #else: silently ignore the capture
     else:
       c.ml = idx
-  of pkBackRef..pkBackRefIgnoreStyle: 
+  of pkBackRef..pkBackRefIgnoreStyle:
     if p.index >= c.ml: return -1
     var (a, b) = c.matches[p.index]
     var n: Peg
-    n.kind = succ(pkTerminal, ord(p.kind)-ord(pkBackRef)) 
+    n.kind = succ(pkTerminal, ord(p.kind)-ord(pkBackRef))
     n.term = s.substr(a, b)
     result = rawMatch(s, n, start, c)
   of pkStartAnchor:
@@ -755,7 +755,7 @@ proc match*(s: string, pattern: Peg, matches: var openArray[string],
   result = rawMatch(s, pattern, start, c) == len(s) - start
   if result: fillMatches(s, matches, c)
 
-proc match*(s: string, pattern: Peg, 
+proc match*(s: string, pattern: Peg,
             start = 0): bool {.nosideEffect, rtl, extern: "npegs$1".} =
   ## returns ``true`` if ``s`` matches the ``pattern`` beginning from ``start``.
   var c: Captures
@@ -773,7 +773,7 @@ proc matchLen*(s: string, pattern: Peg, matches: var openArray[string],
   result = rawMatch(s, pattern, start, c)
   if result >= 0: fillMatches(s, matches, c)
 
-proc matchLen*(s: string, pattern: Peg, 
+proc matchLen*(s: string, pattern: Peg,
                start = 0): int {.nosideEffect, rtl, extern: "npegs$1".} =
   ## the same as ``match``, but it returns the length of the match,
   ## if there is no match, -1 is returned. Note that a match length
@@ -797,11 +797,11 @@ proc find*(s: string, pattern: Peg, matches: var openArray[string],
       return i
   return -1
   # could also use the pattern here: (!P .)* P
-  
+
 proc findBounds*(s: string, pattern: Peg, matches: var openArray[string],
                  start = 0): tuple[first, last: int] {.
                  nosideEffect, rtl, extern: "npegs$1Capture".} =
-  ## returns the starting position and end position of ``pattern`` in ``s`` 
+  ## returns the starting position and end position of ``pattern`` in ``s``
   ## and the captured
   ## substrings in the array ``matches``. If it does not match, nothing
   ## is written into ``matches`` and (-1,0) is returned.
@@ -814,8 +814,8 @@ proc findBounds*(s: string, pattern: Peg, matches: var openArray[string],
       fillMatches(s, matches, c)
       return (i, i+L-1)
   return (-1, 0)
-  
-proc find*(s: string, pattern: Peg, 
+
+proc find*(s: string, pattern: Peg,
            start = 0): int {.nosideEffect, rtl, extern: "npegs$1".} =
   ## returns the starting position of ``pattern`` in ``s``. If it does not
   ## match, -1 is returned.
@@ -824,8 +824,8 @@ proc find*(s: string, pattern: Peg,
   for i in start .. s.len-1:
     if rawMatch(s, pattern, i, c) >= 0: return i
   return -1
-  
-iterator findAll*(s: string, pattern: Peg, start = 0): string = 
+
+iterator findAll*(s: string, pattern: Peg, start = 0): string =
   ## yields all matching *substrings* of `s` that match `pattern`.
   var c: Captures
   c.origStart = start
@@ -838,23 +838,23 @@ iterator findAll*(s: string, pattern: Peg, start = 0): string =
     else:
       yield substr(s, i, i+L-1)
       inc(i, L)
-    
+
 proc findAll*(s: string, pattern: Peg, start = 0): seq[string] {.
-  nosideEffect, rtl, extern: "npegs$1".} = 
+  nosideEffect, rtl, extern: "npegs$1".} =
   ## returns all matching *substrings* of `s` that match `pattern`.
   ## If it does not match, @[] is returned.
   accumulateResult(findAll(s, pattern, start))
 
 when not defined(nimhygiene):
   {.pragma: inject.}
-  
+
 template `=~`*(s: string, pattern: Peg): bool =
-  ## This calls ``match`` with an implicit declared ``matches`` array that 
-  ## can be used in the scope of the ``=~`` call: 
-  ## 
+  ## This calls ``match`` with an implicit declared ``matches`` array that
+  ## can be used in the scope of the ``=~`` call:
+  ##
   ## .. code-block:: nim
   ##
-  ##   if line =~ peg"\s* {\w+} \s* '=' \s* {\w+}": 
+  ##   if line =~ peg"\s* {\w+} \s* '=' \s* {\w+}":
   ##     # matches a key=value pair:
   ##     echo("Key: ", matches[0])
   ##     echo("Value: ", matches[1])
@@ -865,7 +865,7 @@ template `=~`*(s: string, pattern: Peg): bool =
   ##     echo("comment: ", matches[0])
   ##   else:
   ##     echo("syntax error")
-  ##  
+  ##
   bind MaxSubpatterns
   when not declaredInScope(matches):
     var matches {.inject.}: array[0..MaxSubpatterns-1, string]
@@ -902,7 +902,7 @@ proc replacef*(s: string, sub: Peg, by: string): string {.
   ## with the notation ``$i`` and ``$#`` (see strutils.`%`). Examples:
   ##
   ## .. code-block:: nim
-  ##   "var1=key; var2=key2".replace(peg"{\ident}'='{\ident}", "$1<-$2$2")
+  ##   "var1=key; var2=key2".replacef(peg"{\ident}'='{\ident}", "$1<-$2$2")
   ##
   ## Results in:
   ##
@@ -941,10 +941,10 @@ proc replace*(s: string, sub: Peg, by = ""): string {.
       add(result, by)
       inc(i, x)
   add(result, substr(s, i))
-  
+
 proc parallelReplace*(s: string, subs: varargs[
                       tuple[pattern: Peg, repl: string]]): string {.
-                      nosideEffect, rtl, extern: "npegs$1".} = 
+                      nosideEffect, rtl, extern: "npegs$1".} =
   ## Returns a modified copy of `s` with the substitutions in `subs`
   ## applied in parallel.
   result = ""
@@ -964,8 +964,8 @@ proc parallelReplace*(s: string, subs: varargs[
       add(result, s[i])
       inc(i)
   # copy the rest:
-  add(result, substr(s, i))  
-  
+  add(result, substr(s, i))
+
 proc transformFile*(infile, outfile: string,
                     subs: varargs[tuple[pattern: Peg, repl: string]]) {.
                     rtl, extern: "npegs$1".} =
@@ -974,7 +974,7 @@ proc transformFile*(infile, outfile: string,
   ## error occurs. This is supposed to be used for quick scripting.
   var x = readFile(infile).string
   writeFile(outfile, x.parallelReplace(subs))
-  
+
 iterator split*(s: string, sep: Peg): string =
   ## Splits the string `s` into substrings.
   ##
@@ -1049,14 +1049,14 @@ type
     tkBackref,          ## '$'
     tkDollar,           ## '$'
     tkHat               ## '^'
-  
+
   TToken {.final.} = object  ## a token
     kind: TTokKind           ## the type of the token
     modifier: TModifier
     literal: string          ## the parsed (string) literal
     charset: set[char]       ## if kind == tkCharSet
     index: int               ## if kind == tkBackref
-  
+
   PegLexer {.inheritable.} = object          ## the lexer object.
     bufpos: int               ## the current position within the buffer
     buf: cstring              ## the buffer itself
@@ -1086,7 +1086,7 @@ proc handleLF(L: var PegLexer, pos: int): int =
   result = pos+1
   L.lineStart = result
 
-proc init(L: var PegLexer, input, filename: string, line = 1, col = 0) = 
+proc init(L: var PegLexer, input, filename: string, line = 1, col = 0) =
   L.buf = input
   L.bufpos = 0
   L.lineNumber = line
@@ -1094,69 +1094,69 @@ proc init(L: var PegLexer, input, filename: string, line = 1, col = 0) =
   L.lineStart = 0
   L.filename = filename
 
-proc getColumn(L: PegLexer): int {.inline.} = 
+proc getColumn(L: PegLexer): int {.inline.} =
   result = abs(L.bufpos - L.lineStart) + L.colOffset
 
-proc getLine(L: PegLexer): int {.inline.} = 
+proc getLine(L: PegLexer): int {.inline.} =
   result = L.lineNumber
-  
+
 proc errorStr(L: PegLexer, msg: string, line = -1, col = -1): string =
   var line = if line < 0: getLine(L) else: line
   var col = if col < 0: getColumn(L) else: col
   result = "$1($2, $3) Error: $4" % [L.filename, $line, $col, msg]
 
-proc handleHexChar(c: var PegLexer, xi: var int) = 
+proc handleHexChar(c: var PegLexer, xi: var int) =
   case c.buf[c.bufpos]
-  of '0'..'9': 
+  of '0'..'9':
     xi = (xi shl 4) or (ord(c.buf[c.bufpos]) - ord('0'))
     inc(c.bufpos)
-  of 'a'..'f': 
+  of 'a'..'f':
     xi = (xi shl 4) or (ord(c.buf[c.bufpos]) - ord('a') + 10)
     inc(c.bufpos)
-  of 'A'..'F': 
+  of 'A'..'F':
     xi = (xi shl 4) or (ord(c.buf[c.bufpos]) - ord('A') + 10)
     inc(c.bufpos)
   else: discard
 
-proc getEscapedChar(c: var PegLexer, tok: var TToken) = 
+proc getEscapedChar(c: var PegLexer, tok: var TToken) =
   inc(c.bufpos)
   case c.buf[c.bufpos]
-  of 'r', 'R', 'c', 'C': 
+  of 'r', 'R', 'c', 'C':
     add(tok.literal, '\c')
     inc(c.bufpos)
-  of 'l', 'L': 
+  of 'l', 'L':
     add(tok.literal, '\L')
     inc(c.bufpos)
-  of 'f', 'F': 
+  of 'f', 'F':
     add(tok.literal, '\f')
     inc(c.bufpos)
-  of 'e', 'E': 
+  of 'e', 'E':
     add(tok.literal, '\e')
     inc(c.bufpos)
-  of 'a', 'A': 
+  of 'a', 'A':
     add(tok.literal, '\a')
     inc(c.bufpos)
-  of 'b', 'B': 
+  of 'b', 'B':
     add(tok.literal, '\b')
     inc(c.bufpos)
-  of 'v', 'V': 
+  of 'v', 'V':
     add(tok.literal, '\v')
     inc(c.bufpos)
-  of 't', 'T': 
+  of 't', 'T':
     add(tok.literal, '\t')
     inc(c.bufpos)
-  of 'x', 'X': 
+  of 'x', 'X':
     inc(c.bufpos)
     var xi = 0
     handleHexChar(c, xi)
     handleHexChar(c, xi)
     if xi == 0: tok.kind = tkInvalid
     else: add(tok.literal, chr(xi))
-  of '0'..'9': 
+  of '0'..'9':
     var val = ord(c.buf[c.bufpos]) - ord('0')
     inc(c.bufpos)
     var i = 1
-    while (i <= 3) and (c.buf[c.bufpos] in {'0'..'9'}): 
+    while (i <= 3) and (c.buf[c.bufpos] in {'0'..'9'}):
       val = val * 10 + ord(c.buf[c.bufpos]) - ord('0')
       inc(c.bufpos)
       inc(i)
@@ -1169,32 +1169,32 @@ proc getEscapedChar(c: var PegLexer, tok: var TToken) =
   else:
     add(tok.literal, c.buf[c.bufpos])
     inc(c.bufpos)
-  
-proc skip(c: var PegLexer) = 
+
+proc skip(c: var PegLexer) =
   var pos = c.bufpos
   var buf = c.buf
-  while true: 
+  while true:
     case buf[pos]
-    of ' ', '\t': 
+    of ' ', '\t':
       inc(pos)
     of '#':
       while not (buf[pos] in {'\c', '\L', '\0'}): inc(pos)
     of '\c':
       pos = handleCR(c, pos)
       buf = c.buf
-    of '\L': 
+    of '\L':
       pos = handleLF(c, pos)
       buf = c.buf
-    else: 
+    else:
       break                   # EndOfFile also leaves the loop
   c.bufpos = pos
-  
-proc getString(c: var PegLexer, tok: var TToken) = 
+
+proc getString(c: var PegLexer, tok: var TToken) =
   tok.kind = tkStringLit
   var pos = c.bufpos + 1
   var buf = c.buf
   var quote = buf[pos-1]
-  while true: 
+  while true:
     case buf[pos]
     of '\\':
       c.bufpos = pos
@@ -1205,13 +1205,13 @@ proc getString(c: var PegLexer, tok: var TToken) =
       break
     elif buf[pos] == quote:
       inc(pos)
-      break      
+      break
     else:
       add(tok.literal, buf[pos])
       inc(pos)
   c.bufpos = pos
-  
-proc getDollar(c: var PegLexer, tok: var TToken) = 
+
+proc getDollar(c: var PegLexer, tok: var TToken) =
   var pos = c.bufpos + 1
   var buf = c.buf
   if buf[pos] in {'0'..'9'}:
@@ -1223,8 +1223,8 @@ proc getDollar(c: var PegLexer, tok: var TToken) =
   else:
     tok.kind = tkDollar
   c.bufpos = pos
-  
-proc getCharSet(c: var PegLexer, tok: var TToken) = 
+
+proc getCharSet(c: var PegLexer, tok: var TToken) =
   tok.kind = tkCharSet
   tok.charset = {}
   var pos = c.bufpos + 1
@@ -1247,7 +1247,7 @@ proc getCharSet(c: var PegLexer, tok: var TToken) =
     of '\C', '\L', '\0':
       tok.kind = tkInvalid
       break
-    else: 
+    else:
       ch = buf[pos]
       inc(pos)
     incl(tok.charset, ch)
@@ -1267,18 +1267,18 @@ proc getCharSet(c: var PegLexer, tok: var TToken) =
         of '\C', '\L', '\0':
           tok.kind = tkInvalid
           break
-        else: 
+        else:
           ch2 = buf[pos]
           inc(pos)
         for i in ord(ch)+1 .. ord(ch2):
           incl(tok.charset, chr(i))
   c.bufpos = pos
   if caret: tok.charset = {'\1'..'\xFF'} - tok.charset
-  
-proc getSymbol(c: var PegLexer, tok: var TToken) = 
+
+proc getSymbol(c: var PegLexer, tok: var TToken) =
   var pos = c.bufpos
   var buf = c.buf
-  while true: 
+  while true:
     add(tok.literal, buf[pos])
     inc(pos)
     if buf[pos] notin strutils.IdentChars: break
@@ -1294,7 +1294,7 @@ proc getBuiltin(c: var PegLexer, tok: var TToken) =
     tok.kind = tkEscaped
     getEscapedChar(c, tok) # may set tok.kind to tkInvalid
 
-proc getTok(c: var PegLexer, tok: var TToken) = 
+proc getTok(c: var PegLexer, tok: var TToken) =
   tok.kind = tkInvalid
   tok.modifier = modNone
   setLen(tok.literal, 0)
@@ -1309,11 +1309,11 @@ proc getTok(c: var PegLexer, tok: var TToken) =
     else:
       tok.kind = tkCurlyLe
       add(tok.literal, '{')
-  of '}': 
+  of '}':
     tok.kind = tkCurlyRi
     inc(c.bufpos)
     add(tok.literal, '}')
-  of '[': 
+  of '[':
     getCharSet(c, tok)
   of '(':
     tok.kind = tkParLe
@@ -1323,7 +1323,7 @@ proc getTok(c: var PegLexer, tok: var TToken) =
     tok.kind = tkParRi
     inc(c.bufpos)
     add(tok.literal, ')')
-  of '.': 
+  of '.':
     tok.kind = tkAny
     inc(c.bufpos)
     add(tok.literal, '.')
@@ -1331,16 +1331,16 @@ proc getTok(c: var PegLexer, tok: var TToken) =
     tok.kind = tkAnyRune
     inc(c.bufpos)
     add(tok.literal, '_')
-  of '\\': 
+  of '\\':
     getBuiltin(c, tok)
   of '\'', '"': getString(c, tok)
   of '$': getDollar(c, tok)
-  of '\0': 
+  of '\0':
     tok.kind = tkEof
     tok.literal = "[EOF]"
   of 'a'..'z', 'A'..'Z', '\128'..'\255':
     getSymbol(c, tok)
-    if c.buf[c.bufpos] in {'\'', '"'} or 
+    if c.buf[c.bufpos] in {'\'', '"'} or
         c.buf[c.bufpos] == '$' and c.buf[c.bufpos+1] in {'0'..'9'}:
       case tok.literal
       of "i": tok.modifier = modIgnoreCase
@@ -1388,7 +1388,7 @@ proc getTok(c: var PegLexer, tok: var TToken) =
     tok.kind = tkAt
     inc(c.bufpos)
     add(tok.literal, '@')
-    if c.buf[c.bufpos] == '@': 
+    if c.buf[c.bufpos] == '@':
       tok.kind = tkCurlyAt
       inc(c.bufpos)
       add(tok.literal, '@')
@@ -1407,7 +1407,7 @@ proc arrowIsNextTok(c: PegLexer): bool =
   result = c.buf[pos] == '<' and c.buf[pos+1] == '-'
 
 # ----------------------------- parser ----------------------------------------
-    
+
 type
   EInvalidPeg* = object of ValueError ## raised if an invalid
                                          ## PEG has been detected
@@ -1425,7 +1425,7 @@ proc pegError(p: PegParser, msg: string, line = -1, col = -1) =
   e.msg = errorStr(p, msg, line, col)
   raise e
 
-proc getTok(p: var PegParser) = 
+proc getTok(p: var PegParser) =
   getTok(p, p.tok)
   if p.tok.kind == tkInvalid: pegError(p, "invalid token")
 
@@ -1475,7 +1475,7 @@ proc builtin(p: var PegParser): Peg =
   of "white": result = unicodeWhitespace()
   else: pegError(p, "unknown built-in: " & p.tok.literal)
 
-proc token(terminal: Peg, p: PegParser): Peg = 
+proc token(terminal: Peg, p: PegParser): Peg =
   if p.skip.kind == pkEmpty: result = terminal
   else: result = sequence(p.skip, terminal)
 
@@ -1496,7 +1496,7 @@ proc primary(p: var PegParser): Peg =
   else: discard
   case p.tok.kind
   of tkIdentifier:
-    if p.identIsVerbatim: 
+    if p.identIsVerbatim:
       var m = p.tok.modifier
       if m == modNone: m = p.modifier
       result = modifiedTerm(p.tok.literal, m).token(p)
@@ -1539,17 +1539,17 @@ proc primary(p: var PegParser): Peg =
   of tkEscaped:
     result = term(p.tok.literal[0]).token(p)
     getTok(p)
-  of tkDollar: 
+  of tkDollar:
     result = endAnchor()
     getTok(p)
-  of tkHat: 
+  of tkHat:
     result = startAnchor()
     getTok(p)
   of tkBackref:
     var m = p.tok.modifier
     if m == modNone: m = p.modifier
     result = modifiedBackref(p.tok.index, m).token(p)
-    if p.tok.index < 0 or p.tok.index > p.captures: 
+    if p.tok.index < 0 or p.tok.index > p.captures:
       pegError(p, "invalid back reference index: " & $p.tok.index)
     getTok(p)
   else:
@@ -1573,7 +1573,7 @@ proc seqExpr(p: var PegParser): Peg =
   while true:
     case p.tok.kind
     of tkAmp, tkNot, tkAt, tkStringLit, tkCharSet, tkParLe, tkCurlyLe,
-       tkAny, tkAnyRune, tkBuiltin, tkEscaped, tkDollar, tkBackref, 
+       tkAny, tkAnyRune, tkBuiltin, tkEscaped, tkDollar, tkBackref,
        tkHat, tkCurlyAt:
       result = sequence(result, primary(p))
     of tkIdentifier:
@@ -1587,7 +1587,7 @@ proc parseExpr(p: var PegParser): Peg =
   while p.tok.kind == tkBar:
     getTok(p)
     result = result / seqExpr(p)
-  
+
 proc parseRule(p: var PegParser): NonTerminal =
   if p.tok.kind == tkIdentifier and arrowIsNextTok(p):
     result = getNonTerminal(p, p.tok.literal)
@@ -1601,7 +1601,7 @@ proc parseRule(p: var PegParser): NonTerminal =
     incl(result.flags, ntDeclared) # NOW inlining may be attempted
   else:
     pegError(p, "rule expected, but found: " & p.tok.literal)
-  
+
 proc rawParse(p: var PegParser): Peg =
   ## parses a rule or a PEG expression
   while p.tok.kind == tkBuiltin:
@@ -1680,7 +1680,7 @@ when isMainModule:
   assert(not match("W_HI_L", peg"\y 'while'"))
   assert(not match("W_HI_Le", peg"\y v'while'"))
   assert match("W_HI_Le", peg"y'while'")
-  
+
   assert($ +digits == $peg"\d+")
   assert "0158787".match(peg"\d+")
   assert "ABC 0232".match(peg"\w+\s+\d+")
@@ -1693,14 +1693,14 @@ when isMainModule:
 
   var pattern = sequence(ident, *whitespace, term('='), *whitespace, ident)
   assert matchLen("key1=  cal9", pattern) == 11
-  
+
   var ws = newNonTerminal("ws", 1, 1)
   ws.rule = *whitespace
-  
+
   var expr = newNonTerminal("expr", 1, 1)
   expr.rule = sequence(capture(ident), *sequence(
                 nonterminal(ws), term('+'), nonterminal(ws), nonterminal(expr)))
-  
+
   var c: Captures
   var s = "a+b +  c +d+e+f"
   assert rawMatch(s, expr.rule, 0, c) == len(s)
@@ -1722,7 +1722,7 @@ when isMainModule:
     assert matches[0] == "abc"
   else:
     assert false
-  
+
   var g2 = peg"""S <- A B / C D
                  A <- 'a'+
                  B <- 'b'+
@@ -1753,13 +1753,13 @@ when isMainModule:
 
   for x in findAll("abcdef", peg"^{.}", 3):
     assert x == "d"
-    
+
   if "f(a, b)" =~ peg"{[0-9]+} / ({\ident} '(' {@} ')')":
     assert matches[0] == "f"
     assert matches[1] == "a, b"
   else:
     assert false
-  
+
   assert match("eine übersicht und außerdem", peg"(\letter \white*)+")
   # ß is not a lower cased letter?!
   assert match("eine übersicht und auerdem", peg"(\lower \white*)+")
diff --git a/lib/pure/unicode.nim b/lib/pure/unicode.nim
index 42e6a3195..a6f8f916b 100644
--- a/lib/pure/unicode.nim
+++ b/lib/pure/unicode.nim
@@ -118,21 +118,35 @@ proc toUTF8*(c: Rune): string {.rtl, extern: "nuc$1".} =
   elif i <=% 0x07FF:
     result = newString(2)
     result[0] = chr((i shr 6) or 0b110_00000)
-    result[1] = chr((i and ones(6)) or 0b10_000000)
+    result[1] = chr((i and ones(6)) or 0b10_0000_00)
   elif i <=% 0xFFFF:
     result = newString(3)
     result[0] = chr(i shr 12 or 0b1110_0000)
     result[1] = chr(i shr 6 and ones(6) or 0b10_0000_00)
     result[2] = chr(i and ones(6) or 0b10_0000_00)
-  elif i <=% 0x0010FFFF:
+  elif i <=% 0x001FFFFF:
     result = newString(4)
     result[0] = chr(i shr 18 or 0b1111_0000)
     result[1] = chr(i shr 12 and ones(6) or 0b10_0000_00)
     result[2] = chr(i shr 6 and ones(6) or 0b10_0000_00)
     result[3] = chr(i and ones(6) or 0b10_0000_00)
+  elif i <=% 0x03FFFFFF:
+    result = newString(5)
+    result[0] = chr(i shr 24 or 0b111110_00)
+    result[1] = chr(i shr 18 and ones(6) or 0b10_0000_00)
+    result[2] = chr(i shr 12 and ones(6) or 0b10_0000_00)
+    result[3] = chr(i shr 6 and ones(6) or 0b10_0000_00)
+    result[4] = chr(i and ones(6) or 0b10_0000_00)
+  elif i <=% 0x7FFFFFFF:
+    result = newString(6)
+    result[0] = chr(i shr 30 or 0b1111110_0)
+    result[1] = chr(i shr 24 and ones(6) or 0b10_0000_00)
+    result[2] = chr(i shr 18 and ones(6) or 0b10_0000_00)
+    result[3] = chr(i shr 12 and ones(6) or 0b10_0000_00)
+    result[4] = chr(i shr 6 and ones(6) or 0b10_0000_00)
+    result[5] = chr(i and ones(6) or 0b10_0000_00)
   else:
-    result = newString(1)
-    result[0] = chr(i)
+    discard # error, exception?
 
 proc `$`*(rune: Rune): string =
   ## converts a rune to a string
diff --git a/tests/ccgbugs/tstringslice.nim b/tests/ccgbugs/tstringslice.nim
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..66b3bbbe4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ccgbugs/tstringslice.nim
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+
+# bug #794
+type TRange = range[0..3]
+
+const str = "123456789"
+
+for i in TRange.low .. TRange.high:
+  echo str[i]                          #This works fine
+  echo str[int(i) .. int(TRange.high)] #So does this
+  echo str[i .. TRange.high]           #The compiler complains about this
diff --git a/tests/misc/parsecomb.nim b/tests/misc/parsecomb.nim
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..68a61373f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/parsecomb.nim
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+type Input[T] = object
+  toks: seq[T]
+  index: int
+
+type
+  ResultKind* = enum rkSuccess, rkFailure
+  Result*[T, O] = object
+    case kind*: ResultKind
+    of rkSuccess:
+      output*: O
+      input: Input[T]
+    of rkFailure:
+      nil
+
+type
+  Parser*[T, O] = distinct proc (input: Input[T]): Result[T, O]
+
+proc unit*[T, O](v: O): Parser[T, O] =
+  Parser(proc (inp: Input[T]): Result[T, O] =
+    Result[T, O](kind: rkSuccess, output: v, input: inp))
+
+proc fail*[T, O](): Parser[T, O] =
+  Parser(proc (inp: Input[T]): Result[T, O] =
+    Result(kind: rkFailure))
+
+method runInput[T, O](self: Parser[T, O], inp: Input[T]): Result[T, O] =
+  # hmmm ..
+  type tmp = proc (input: Input[T]): Result[T, O]
+  # XXX: above needed for now, as without the `tmp` bit below, it compiles to invalid C.
+  tmp(self)(inp)
+
+method run*[T, O](self: Parser[T, O], toks: seq[T]): Result[T, O] =
+  self.runInput(Input[T](toks: toks, index: 0))
+
+method chain*[T, O1, O2](self: Parser[T, O1], nextp: proc (v: O1): Parser[T, O2]): Parser[T, O2] =
+  Parser(proc (inp: Input[T]): Result[T, O2] =
+    let r = self.runInput(inp)
+    case r.kind:
+    of rkSuccess:
+      nextp(r.output).runInput(r.input)
+    of rkFailure:
+      Result[T, O2](kind: rkFailure))
+
+method skip[T](self: Input[T], n: int): Input[T] =
+  Input[T](toks: self.toks, index: self.index + n)
+
+proc pskip*[T](n: int): Parser[T, tuple[]] =
+  Parser(proc (inp: Input[T]): Result[T, tuple[]] =
+    if inp.index + n <= inp.toks.len:
+      Result[T, tuple[]](kind: rkSuccess, output: (), input: inp.skip(n))
+    else:
+      Result[T, tuple[]](kind: rkFailure))
+
+proc tok*[T](t: T): Parser[T, T] =
+  Parser(proc (inp: Input[T]): Result[T, T] =
+    if inp.index < inp.toks.len and inp.toks[inp.index] == t:
+      pskip[T](1).then(unit[T, T](t)).runInput(inp)
+    else:
+      Result[T, T](kind: rkFailure))
+
+proc `+`*[T, O](first: Parser[T, O], second: Parser[T, O]): Parser[T, O] =
+  Parser(proc (inp: Input[T]): Result[T, O] =
+    let r = first.runInput(inp)
+    case r.kind
+    of rkSuccess:
+      r
+    else:
+      second.runInput(inp))
+
+# end of primitives (definitions involving Parser(..))
+
+method map*[T, O1, O2](self: Parser[T, O1], p: proc (v: O1): O2): Parser[T, O2] =
+  self.chain(proc (v: O1): Parser[T, O2] =
+    unit[T, O2](p(v)))
+
+method then*[T, O1, O2](self: Parser[T, O1], next: Parser[T, O2]): Parser[T, O2] =
+  self.chain(proc (v: O1): Parser[T, O2] =
+    next)
+
+proc `*`*[T, O1, O2](first: Parser[T, O1], second: Parser[T, O2]): Parser[T, (O1, O2)] =
+  first.chain(proc (v1: O1): Parser[T, (O1, O2)] =
+    second.map(proc (v2: O2): (O1, O2) =
+      (v1, v2)))
+
+proc repeat0*[T, O](inner: Parser[T, O]): Parser[T, seq[O]] =
+  var nothing = unit[T, seq[O]](@[])
+  inner.chain(proc(v: O): Parser[T, seq[O]] =
+    repeat0(inner).map(proc(vs: seq[O]): seq[O] =
+      @[v] & vs)) + nothing
+
+proc repeat1*[T, O](inner: Parser[T, O]): Parser[T, seq[O]] =
+  inner.chain(proc(v: O): Parser[T, seq[O]] =
+    repeat0(inner).map(proc(vs: seq[O]): seq[O] =
+      @[v] & vs))
+
+proc leftRec*[T, O, A](inner: Parser[T, O], after: Parser[T, A], fold: proc(i: O, a: A): O): Parser[T, O] =
+  (inner*repeat0(after)).map(proc(ias: (O, seq[A])): O =
+    var (i, asx) = ias
+    for a in asx:
+      i = fold(i, a)
+    i)
+
+proc lazy*[T, O](inner: proc(): Parser[T, O]): Parser[T, O] =
+  unit[T, tuple[]](()).chain(proc(v: tuple[]): Parser[T, O] =
+    inner())
diff --git a/tests/misc/tparsecombnum.nim b/tests/misc/tparsecombnum.nim
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6fe539813
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/misc/tparsecombnum.nim
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import parsecomb
+
+discard """
+  output: "-289096"
+"""
+
+type Num = int
+
+# forward stuff
+var exp3: Parser[string, Num]
+var exp = lazy(proc(): Parser[string, Num] = exp3)
+
+var digit = (proc(): Parser[string, Num] =
+  result = tok("0").then(unit[string, Num](Num(0)))
+  for n in 1..9:
+    result = result + tok($n).then(unit[string, Num](Num(n)))
+)()
+
+var num = repeat1(digit).map(proc(ds: seq[Num]): Num =
+  result = 0
+  for d in ds:
+    result = result*10 + d)
+
+type Op = proc(a, b: Num): Num
+
+var plusOp = tok("+").then(unit[string, Op](proc(a, b: Num): Num = a + b))
+var minusOp = tok("-").then(unit[string, Op](proc(a, b: Num): Num = a - b))
+var timesOp = tok("*").then(unit[string, Op](proc(a, b: Num): Num = a*b))
+var divideOp = tok("/").then(unit[string, Op](proc(a, b: Num): Num = a div b))
+
+var paren = (tok("(") * exp * tok(")")).map(proc(ler: ((string, Num), string)): Num =
+  var (le, r) = ler
+  var (l, e) = le
+  e)
+
+proc foldOp(a: Num, ob: (Op, Num)): Num =
+  var (o, b) = ob
+  o(a, b)
+
+var exp0 = paren + num
+var exp1 = exp0.leftRec((timesOp + divideOp)*exp0, foldOp)
+var exp2 = exp1.leftRec((plusOp + minusOp)*exp1, foldOp)
+exp3 = exp2
+
+proc strsplit(s: string): seq[string] =
+  result = @[]
+  for i in 0 .. s.len - 1:
+    result.add($s[i])
+
+var r = exp.run("523-(1243+411/744*1642/1323)*233".strsplit)
+case r.kind:
+of rkSuccess:
+  echo r.output
+of rkFailure:
+  echo "failed"
diff --git a/tests/template/texponential_eval.nim b/tests/template/texponential_eval.nim
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..32af9e8f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/template/texponential_eval.nim
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# bug #1940
+
+discard """
+  nimout: '''===
+merge (A) with (B)
+merge (A B) with (C)
+merge (A B C) with (D)
+merge (A B C D) with (E)
+merge (A B C D E) with (F)
+==='''
+"""
+
+type SqlStmt = tuple
+  sql: string
+  parts: int
+
+proc sql(q: string): SqlStmt =
+  result.sql = q
+  result.parts = 1
+
+template `&%%`(x, y: SqlStmt): SqlStmt =
+  const a = x
+  const b = y
+
+  static:
+    #echo "some merge"
+    echo "merge (", a.sql, ") with (", b.sql, ")"
+
+
+  const newSql = a.sql & " " & b.sql
+  const newParts = a.parts + b.parts
+
+  SqlStmt((sql: newSql, parts: newParts))
+
+static:
+  echo "==="
+
+let c =(sql("A") &%%
+        sql("B")) &%%
+        sql("C")  &%%
+        sql("D") &%%
+        sql("E") &%%
+        sql("F")
+echo c.sql
+
+static:
+  echo "==="
diff --git a/tests/testament/categories.nim b/tests/testament/categories.nim
index ab1e46d6f..323abd768 100644
--- a/tests/testament/categories.nim
+++ b/tests/testament/categories.nim
@@ -302,8 +302,7 @@ proc testNimblePackages(r: var TResults, cat: Category, filter: PackageFilter) =
         continue
 
       let
-        buildPath = getPackageDir(name)[0.. -3]
-      let
+        buildPath = getPackageDir(name).strip
         buildProcess = startProcess(nimbleExe, buildPath, ["build"])
         buildStatus = waitForExitEx(buildProcess)
       buildProcess.close
@@ -318,7 +317,7 @@ proc testNimblePackages(r: var TResults, cat: Category, filter: PackageFilter) =
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-const AdditionalCategories = ["debugger", "examples", "lib", "nimble-core"]
+const AdditionalCategories = ["debugger", "examples", "lib"]
 
 proc `&.?`(a, b: string): string =
   # candidate for the stdlib?
diff --git a/tests/testament/tester.nim b/tests/testament/tester.nim
index 881a41ce6..0a0d08173 100644
--- a/tests/testament/tester.nim
+++ b/tests/testament/tester.nim
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ proc generatedFile(path, name: string, target: TTarget): string =
     (if target == targetJS: path.splitPath.tail & "_" else: "compiler_") &
     name.changeFileExt(ext)
 
-proc codegenCheck(test: TTest, check: string, given: var TSpec) =
+proc codegenCheck(test: TTest, check: string, given: var TSpec, r: var TResults) =
   if check.len > 0:
     try:
       let (path, name, ext2) = test.name.splitFile
@@ -154,19 +154,29 @@ proc codegenCheck(test: TTest, check: string, given: var TSpec) =
       given.err = reInvalidPeg
     except IOError:
       given.err = reCodeNotFound
+    r.addResult(test, "", given.msg, given.err)
 
-proc nimoutCheck(test: TTest; expectedNimout: string; given: var TSpec) =
+proc nimoutCheck(test: TTest; expectedNimout: string; given: var TSpec, r: var TResults) =
   if expectedNimout.len > 0:
     let exp = expectedNimout.strip.replace("\C\L", "\L")
     let giv = given.nimout.strip.replace("\C\L", "\L")
     if exp notin giv:
       given.err = reMsgsDiffer
+    r.addResult(test, exp, giv, given.err)
+
 
 proc makeDeterministic(s: string): string =
   var x = splitLines(s)
   sort(x, system.cmp)
   result = join(x, "\n")
 
+proc compilerOutputTests(test: TTest, given: var TSpec, expected: TSpec, r: var TResults) =
+  if given.err == reSuccess:
+    codegenCheck(test, expected.ccodeCheck, given, r)
+    nimoutCheck(test, expected.nimout, given, r)
+  if given.err == reSuccess: inc(r.passed)
+
+
 proc testSpec(r: var TResults, test: TTest) =
   # major entry point for a single test
   let tname = test.name.addFileExt(".nim")
@@ -179,13 +189,9 @@ proc testSpec(r: var TResults, test: TTest) =
   else:
     case expected.action
     of actionCompile:
-      var given = callCompiler(expected.cmd, test.name, test.options,
-                               test.target)
-      if given.err == reSuccess:
-        codegenCheck(test, expected.ccodeCheck, given)
-        nimoutCheck(test, expected.nimout, given)
-      r.addResult(test, "", given.msg, given.err)
-      if given.err == reSuccess: inc(r.passed)
+      var given = callCompiler(expected.cmd, test.name,
+        test.options & " --hint[Path]:off --hint[Processing]:off", test.target)
+      compilerOutputTests(test, given, expected, r)
     of actionRun:
       var given = callCompiler(expected.cmd, test.name, test.options,
                                test.target)
@@ -215,11 +221,7 @@ proc testSpec(r: var TResults, test: TTest) =
             if bufB != strip(expected.outp):
               if not (expected.substr and expected.outp in bufB):
                 given.err = reOutputsDiffer
-            if given.err == reSuccess:
-              codeGenCheck(test, expected.ccodeCheck, given)
-              nimoutCheck(test, expected.nimout, given)
-            if given.err == reSuccess: inc(r.passed)
-            r.addResult(test, expected.outp, buf.string, given.err)
+            compilerOutputTests(test, given, expected, r)
         else:
           r.addResult(test, expected.outp, "executable not found", reExeNotFound)
     of actionReject: