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-rw-r--r--compiler/ast.nim8
-rw-r--r--compiler/evaltempl.nim5
-rw-r--r--compiler/guards.nim136
-rw-r--r--compiler/lambdalifting.nim10
-rw-r--r--compiler/semparallel.nim33
-rw-r--r--compiler/sempass2.nim2
-rw-r--r--compiler/vmgen.nim7
-rw-r--r--lib/impure/graphics.nim577
-rw-r--r--lib/pure/asyncdispatch.nim31
-rw-r--r--lib/pure/options.nim64
-rw-r--r--readme.md4
-rw-r--r--tests/parallel/tparfind.nim28
-rw-r--r--tests/vm/tyaytypedesc.nim21
13 files changed, 309 insertions, 617 deletions
diff --git a/compiler/ast.nim b/compiler/ast.nim
index 08a991468..4001e896e 100644
--- a/compiler/ast.nim
+++ b/compiler/ast.nim
@@ -1588,6 +1588,14 @@ proc makeStmtList*(n: PNode): PNode =
     result = newNodeI(nkStmtList, n.info)
     result.add n
 
+proc skipStmtList*(n: PNode): PNode =
+  if n.kind in {nkStmtList, nkStmtListExpr}:
+    for i in 0 .. n.len-2:
+      if n[i].kind notin {nkEmpty, nkCommentStmt}: return n
+    result = n.lastSon
+  else:
+    result = n
+
 proc createMagic*(name: string, m: TMagic): PSym =
   result = newSym(skProc, getIdent(name), nil, unknownLineInfo())
   result.magic = m
diff --git a/compiler/evaltempl.nim b/compiler/evaltempl.nim
index 58594a8b7..c33e5be86 100644
--- a/compiler/evaltempl.nim
+++ b/compiler/evaltempl.nim
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ proc evalTemplateArgs(n: PNode, s: PSym): PNode =
   # if the template has zero arguments, it can be called without ``()``
   # `n` is then a nkSym or something similar
   var totalParams = case n.kind
-    of nkCall, nkInfix, nkPrefix, nkPostfix, nkCommand, nkCallStrLit: <n.len
+    of nkCall, nkInfix, nkPrefix, nkPostfix, nkCommand, nkCallStrLit: n.len-1
     else: 0
 
   var
@@ -90,8 +90,7 @@ proc evalTemplateArgs(n: PNode, s: PSym): PNode =
   # not supplied by the user
   for i in givenRegularParams+1 .. expectedRegularParams:
     let default = s.typ.n.sons[i].sym.ast
-    internalAssert default != nil
-    if default.kind == nkEmpty:
+    if default.isNil or default.kind == nkEmpty:
       localError(n.info, errWrongNumberOfArguments)
       addSon(result, ast.emptyNode)
     else:
diff --git a/compiler/guards.nim b/compiler/guards.nim
index bc802ae33..5ad932e48 100644
--- a/compiler/guards.nim
+++ b/compiler/guards.nim
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ const
   someMod = {mModI}
   someMax = {mMaxI, mMaxF64}
   someMin = {mMinI, mMinF64}
+  someBinaryOp = someAdd+someSub+someMul+someMax+someMin
 
 proc isValue(n: PNode): bool = n.kind in {nkCharLit..nkNilLit}
 proc isLocation(n: PNode): bool = not n.isValue
@@ -165,11 +166,21 @@ proc `|+|`(a, b: PNode): PNode =
   if a.kind in {nkCharLit..nkUInt64Lit}: result.intVal = a.intVal |+| b.intVal
   else: result.floatVal = a.floatVal + b.floatVal
 
+proc `|-|`(a, b: PNode): PNode =
+  result = copyNode(a)
+  if a.kind in {nkCharLit..nkUInt64Lit}: result.intVal = a.intVal |-| b.intVal
+  else: result.floatVal = a.floatVal - b.floatVal
+
 proc `|*|`(a, b: PNode): PNode =
   result = copyNode(a)
   if a.kind in {nkCharLit..nkUInt64Lit}: result.intVal = a.intVal |*| b.intVal
   else: result.floatVal = a.floatVal * b.floatVal
 
+proc `|div|`(a, b: PNode): PNode =
+  result = copyNode(a)
+  if a.kind in {nkCharLit..nkUInt64Lit}: result.intVal = a.intVal div b.intVal
+  else: result.floatVal = a.floatVal / b.floatVal
+
 proc negate(a, b, res: PNode): PNode =
   if b.kind in {nkCharLit..nkUInt64Lit} and b.intVal != low(BiggestInt):
     var b = copyNode(b)
@@ -213,10 +224,16 @@ proc reassociation(n: PNode): PNode =
     if result[2].isValue and
         result[1].getMagic in someAdd and result[1][2].isValue:
       result = opAdd.buildCall(result[1][1], result[1][2] |+| result[2])
+      if result[2].intVal == 0:
+        result = result[1]
   of someMul:
     if result[2].isValue and
         result[1].getMagic in someMul and result[1][2].isValue:
-      result = opAdd.buildCall(result[1][1], result[1][2] |*| result[2])
+      result = opMul.buildCall(result[1][1], result[1][2] |*| result[2])
+      if result[2].intVal == 1:
+        result = result[1]
+      elif result[2].intVal == 0:
+        result = zero()
   else: discard
 
 proc pred(n: PNode): PNode =
@@ -234,7 +251,7 @@ proc canon*(n: PNode): PNode =
       result.sons[i] = canon(n.sons[i])
   elif n.kind == nkSym and n.sym.kind == skLet and
       n.sym.ast.getMagic in (someEq + someAdd + someMul + someMin +
-      someMax + someHigh + {mUnaryLt} + someSub + someLen):
+      someMax + someHigh + {mUnaryLt} + someSub + someLen + someDiv):
     result = n.sym.ast.copyTree
   else:
     result = n
@@ -248,7 +265,7 @@ proc canon*(n: PNode): PNode =
     # high == len+(-1)
     result = opAdd.buildCall(opLen.buildCall(result[1]), minusOne())
   of mUnaryLt:
-    result = buildCall(opAdd, result[1], newIntNode(nkIntLit, -1))
+    result = buildCall(opAdd, result[1], minusOne())
   of someSub:
     # x - 4  -->  x + (-4)
     result = negate(result[1], result[2], result)
@@ -294,6 +311,16 @@ proc canon*(n: PNode): PNode =
         if plus != nil and not isLetLocation(x, true):
           result = buildCall(result[0].sym, plus, y[1])
       else: discard
+    elif x.isValue and y.getMagic in someAdd and y[2].isValue:
+      # 0 <= a.len + 3
+      # -3 <= a.len
+      result.sons[1] = x |-| y[2]
+      result.sons[2] = y[1]
+    elif x.isValue and y.getMagic in someSub and y[2].isValue:
+      # 0 <= a.len - 3
+      # 3 <= a.len
+      result.sons[1] = x |+| y[2]
+      result.sons[2] = y[1]
   else: discard
 
 proc `+@`*(a: PNode; b: BiggestInt): PNode =
@@ -313,6 +340,9 @@ proc usefulFact(n: PNode): PNode =
     if isLetLocation(n.sons[1], true) or isLetLocation(n.sons[2], true):
       # XXX algebraic simplifications!  'i-1 < a.len' --> 'i < a.len+1'
       result = n
+    elif n[1].getMagic in someLen or n[2].getMagic in someLen:
+      # XXX Rethink this whole idea of 'usefulFact' for semparallel
+      result = n
   of mIsNil:
     if isLetLocation(n.sons[1], false) or isVar(n.sons[1]):
       result = n
@@ -366,8 +396,8 @@ proc usefulFact(n: PNode): PNode =
 type
   TModel* = seq[PNode] # the "knowledge base"
 
-proc addFact*(m: var TModel, n: PNode) =
-  let n = usefulFact(n)
+proc addFact*(m: var TModel, nn: PNode) =
+  let n = usefulFact(nn)
   if n != nil: m.add n
 
 proc addFactNeg*(m: var TModel, n: PNode) =
@@ -697,10 +727,57 @@ proc simpleSlice*(a, b: PNode): BiggestInt =
   else:
     result = -1
 
+
+template isMul(x): expr = x.getMagic in someMul
+template isDiv(x): expr = x.getMagic in someDiv
+template isAdd(x): expr = x.getMagic in someAdd
+template isSub(x): expr = x.getMagic in someSub
+template isVal(x): expr = x.kind in {nkCharLit..nkUInt64Lit}
+template isIntVal(x, y): expr = x.intVal == y
+
+import macros
+
+macro `=~`(x: PNode, pat: untyped): bool =
+  proc m(x, pat, conds: NimNode) =
+    case pat.kind
+    of nnkInfix:
+      case $pat[0]
+      of "*": conds.add getAst(isMul(x))
+      of "/": conds.add getAst(isDiv(x))
+      of "+": conds.add getAst(isAdd(x))
+      of "-": conds.add getAst(isSub(x))
+      else:
+        error("invalid pattern")
+      m(newTree(nnkBracketExpr, x, newLit(1)), pat[1], conds)
+      m(newTree(nnkBracketExpr, x, newLit(2)), pat[2], conds)
+    of nnkPar:
+      if pat.len == 1:
+        m(x, pat[0], conds)
+      else:
+        error("invalid pattern")
+    of nnkIdent:
+      let c = newTree(nnkStmtListExpr, newLetStmt(pat, x))
+      conds.add c
+      if ($pat)[^1] == 'c': c.add(getAst(isVal(pat)))
+      else: c.add bindSym"true"
+    of nnkIntLit:
+      conds.add(getAst(isIntVal(pat.intVal)))
+    else:
+      error("invalid pattern")
+
+  var conds = newTree(nnkBracket)
+  m(x, pat, conds)
+  result = nestList(!"and", conds)
+
+
+proc isMinusOne(n: PNode): bool =
+  n.kind in {nkCharLit..nkUInt64Lit} and n.intVal == -1
+
 proc pleViaModel(model: TModel; aa, bb: PNode): TImplication
 
 proc ple(m: TModel; a, b: PNode): TImplication =
   template `<=?`(a,b): expr = ple(m,a,b) == impYes
+  template `>=?`(a,b): expr = ple(m, nkIntLit.newIntNode(b), a) == impYes
 
   #   0 <= 3
   if a.isValue and b.isValue:
@@ -721,6 +798,7 @@ proc ple(m: TModel; a, b: PNode): TImplication =
     if a.intVal <= 0: return impYes
 
   #   x <= y+c  if 0 <= c and x <= y
+  #   x <= y+(-c)  if c <= 0  and y >= x
   if b.getMagic in someAdd and zero() <=? b[2] and a <=? b[1]: return impYes
 
   #   x+c <= y  if c <= 0 and x <= y
@@ -730,10 +808,44 @@ proc ple(m: TModel; a, b: PNode): TImplication =
   if b.getMagic in someMul:
     if a <=? b[1] and one() <=? b[2] and zero() <=? b[1]: return impYes
 
+
+  if a.getMagic in someMul and a[2].isValue and a[1].getMagic in someDiv and
+      a[1][2].isValue:
+    # simplify   (x div 4) * 2 <= y   to  x div (c div d)  <= y
+    if ple(m, buildCall(opDiv, a[1][1], `|div|`(a[1][2], a[2])), b) == impYes:
+      return impYes
+
+  # x*3 + x == x*4. It follows that:
+  # x*3 + y <= x*4  if  y <= x  and 3 <= 4
+  if a =~ x*dc + y and b =~ x2*ec:
+    if sameTree(x, x2):
+      let ec1 = opAdd.buildCall(ec, minusOne())
+      if x >=? 1 and ec >=? 1 and dc >=? 1 and dc <=? ec1 and y <=? x:
+        return impYes
+  elif a =~ x*dc and b =~ x2*ec + y:
+    #echo "BUG cam ehrer e ", a, " <=? ", b
+    if sameTree(x, x2):
+      let ec1 = opAdd.buildCall(ec, minusOne())
+      if x >=? 1 and ec >=? 1 and dc >=? 1 and dc <=? ec1 and y <=? zero():
+        return impYes
+
+  #  x+c <= x+d  if c <= d. Same for *, - etc.
+  if a.getMagic in someBinaryOp and a.getMagic == b.getMagic:
+    if sameTree(a[1], b[1]) and a[2] <=? b[2]: return impYes
+    elif sameTree(a[2], b[2]) and a[1] <=? b[1]: return impYes
+
   #   x div c <= y   if   1 <= c  and  0 <= y  and x <= y:
   if a.getMagic in someDiv:
     if one() <=? a[2] and zero() <=? b and a[1] <=? b: return impYes
 
+    #  x div c <= x div d  if d <= c
+    if b.getMagic in someDiv:
+      if sameTree(a[1], b[1]) and b[2] <=? a[2]: return impYes
+
+    # x div z <= x - 1   if  z <= x
+    if a[2].isValue and b.getMagic in someAdd and b[2].isMinusOne:
+      if a[2] <=? a[1] and sameTree(a[1], b[1]): return impYes
+
   # slightly subtle:
   # x <= max(y, z)  iff x <= y or x <= z
   # note that 'x <= max(x, z)' is a special case of the above rule
@@ -769,11 +881,19 @@ proc pleViaModelRec(m: var TModel; a, b: PNode): TImplication =
   for i in 0..m.high:
     let fact = m[i]
     if fact != nil and fact.getMagic in someLe:
-      # x <= y implies a <= b  if  a <= x and y <= b
-      let x = fact[1]
-      let y = fact[2]
       # mark as used:
       m[i] = nil
+      # i <= len-100
+      # i <=? len-1
+      # --> true  if  (len-100) <= (len-1)
+      let x = fact[1]
+      let y = fact[2]
+      if sameTree(x, a) and y.getMagic in someAdd and b.getMagic in someAdd and
+         sameTree(y[1], b[1]):
+        if ple(m, b[2], y[2]) == impYes:
+          return impYes
+
+      # x <= y implies a <= b  if  a <= x and y <= b
       if ple(m, a, x) == impYes:
         if ple(m, y, b) == impYes:
           return impYes
diff --git a/compiler/lambdalifting.nim b/compiler/lambdalifting.nim
index c669fc745..cccc94756 100644
--- a/compiler/lambdalifting.nim
+++ b/compiler/lambdalifting.nim
@@ -859,11 +859,17 @@ proc transformOuterProc(o: POuterContext, n: PNode; it: TIter): PNode =
         return indirectAccess(newSymNode(it.closureParam), local, n.info)
 
     if local.kind == skClosureIterator:
+      # bug #3354; allow for
+      #iterator iter(): int {.closure.}=
+      #  s.add(iter)
+      #  yield 1
+
+      #if local == o.fn or local == it.fn:
+      #  message(n.info, errRecursiveDependencyX, local.name.s)
+
       # consider: [i1, i2, i1]  Since we merged the iterator's closure
       # with the captured owning variables, we need to generate the
       # closure generation code again:
-      if local == o.fn or local == it.fn:
-        message(n.info, errRecursiveDependencyX, local.name.s)
       # XXX why doesn't this work?
       var closure = PEnv(idTableGet(o.lambdasToEnv, local))
       if closure.isNil:
diff --git a/compiler/semparallel.nim b/compiler/semparallel.nim
index 36c63d038..b04ba4657 100644
--- a/compiler/semparallel.nim
+++ b/compiler/semparallel.nim
@@ -128,10 +128,10 @@ template `?`(x): expr = x.renderTree
 proc checkLe(c: AnalysisCtx; a, b: PNode) =
   case proveLe(c.guards, a, b)
   of impUnknown:
-    localError(a.info, "cannot prove: " & ?a & " <= " & ?b)
+    localError(a.info, "cannot prove: " & ?a & " <= " & ?b & " (bounds check)")
   of impYes: discard
   of impNo:
-    localError(a.info, "can prove: " & ?a & " > " & ?b)
+    localError(a.info, "can prove: " & ?a & " > " & ?b & " (bounds check)")
 
 proc checkBounds(c: AnalysisCtx; arr, idx: PNode) =
   checkLe(c, arr.lowBound, idx)
@@ -156,19 +156,23 @@ proc addSlice(c: var AnalysisCtx; n: PNode; x, le, ri: PNode) =
 
 proc overlap(m: TModel; x,y,c,d: PNode) =
   #  X..Y and C..D overlap iff (X <= D and C <= Y)
-  case proveLe(m, x, d)
+  case proveLe(m, c, y)
   of impUnknown:
-    localError(x.info,
-      "cannot prove: $# > $#; required for ($#)..($#) disjoint from ($#)..($#)" %
-        [?x, ?d, ?x, ?y, ?c, ?d])
+    case proveLe(m, x, d)
+    of impNo: discard
+    of impUnknown, impYes:
+      localError(x.info,
+        "cannot prove: $# > $#; required for ($#)..($#) disjoint from ($#)..($#)" %
+            [?c, ?y, ?x, ?y, ?c, ?d])
   of impYes:
-    case proveLe(m, c, y)
+    case proveLe(m, x, d)
     of impUnknown:
       localError(x.info,
         "cannot prove: $# > $#; required for ($#)..($#) disjoint from ($#)..($#)" %
-          [?c, ?y, ?x, ?y, ?c, ?d])
+          [?x, ?d, ?x, ?y, ?c, ?d])
     of impYes:
-      localError(x.info, "($#)..($#) not disjoint from ($#)..($#)" % [?x, ?y, ?c, ?d])
+      localError(x.info, "($#)..($#) not disjoint from ($#)..($#)" %
+                [?c, ?y, ?x, ?y, ?c, ?d])
     of impNo: discard
   of impNo: discard
 
@@ -278,10 +282,12 @@ proc analyseCall(c: var AnalysisCtx; n: PNode; op: PSym) =
         slot.stride = min(slot.stride, incr)
     analyseSons(c, n)
   elif op.name.s == "[]" and op.fromSystem:
-    c.addSlice(n, n[1], n[2][1], n[2][2])
+    let slice = n[2].skipStmtList
+    c.addSlice(n, n[1], slice[1], slice[2])
     analyseSons(c, n)
   elif op.name.s == "[]=" and op.fromSystem:
-    c.addSlice(n, n[1], n[2][1], n[2][2])
+    let slice = n[2].skipStmtList
+    c.addSlice(n, n[1], slice[1], slice[2])
     analyseSons(c, n)
   else:
     analyseSons(c, n)
@@ -395,8 +401,9 @@ proc transformSlices(n: PNode): PNode =
       result = copyNode(n)
       result.add opSlice.newSymNode
       result.add n[1]
-      result.add n[2][1]
-      result.add n[2][2]
+      let slice = n[2].skipStmtList
+      result.add slice[1]
+      result.add slice[2]
       return result
   if n.safeLen > 0:
     result = shallowCopy(n)
diff --git a/compiler/sempass2.nim b/compiler/sempass2.nim
index 272412b04..ef014963c 100644
--- a/compiler/sempass2.nim
+++ b/compiler/sempass2.nim
@@ -855,6 +855,8 @@ proc initEffects(effects: PNode; s: PSym; t: var TEffects) =
   newSeq(effects.sons, effectListLen)
   effects.sons[exceptionEffects] = newNodeI(nkArgList, s.info)
   effects.sons[tagEffects] = newNodeI(nkArgList, s.info)
+  effects.sons[usesEffects] = ast.emptyNode
+  effects.sons[writeEffects] = ast.emptyNode
 
   t.exc = effects.sons[exceptionEffects]
   t.tags = effects.sons[tagEffects]
diff --git a/compiler/vmgen.nim b/compiler/vmgen.nim
index 32982602b..95fa43b48 100644
--- a/compiler/vmgen.nim
+++ b/compiler/vmgen.nim
@@ -1377,10 +1377,13 @@ proc genCheckedObjAccess(c: PCtx; n: PNode; dest: var TDest; flags: TGenFlags) =
   genObjAccess(c, n.sons[0], dest, flags)
 
 proc genArrAccess(c: PCtx; n: PNode; dest: var TDest; flags: TGenFlags) =
-  if n.sons[0].typ.skipTypes(abstractVarRange-{tyTypeDesc}).kind in {
-      tyString, tyCString}:
+  let arrayType = n.sons[0].typ.skipTypes(abstractVarRange-{tyTypeDesc}).kind
+  if arrayType in {tyString, tyCString}:
     genArrAccess2(c, n, dest, opcLdStrIdx, {})
+  elif arrayType == tyTypeDesc:
+    c.genTypeLit(n.typ, dest)
   else:
+    echo renderTree(n)
     genArrAccess2(c, n, dest, opcLdArr, flags)
 
 proc getNullValueAux(obj: PNode, result: PNode) =
diff --git a/lib/impure/graphics.nim b/lib/impure/graphics.nim
deleted file mode 100644
index 8bd769fd8..000000000
--- a/lib/impure/graphics.nim
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,577 +0,0 @@
-#
-#
-#            Nim's Runtime Library
-#        (c) Copyright 2012 Andreas Rumpf, Dominik Picheta
-#
-#    See the file "copying.txt", included in this
-#    distribution, for details about the copyright.
-#
-
-## This module implements graphical output for Nim; the current
-## implementation uses SDL but the interface is meant to support multiple
-## backends some day. There is no need to init SDL as this module does that
-## implicitly.
-
-import colors, math
-from sdl import PSurface # Bug
-from sdl_ttf import openFont, closeFont
-
-type
-  Rect* = tuple[x, y, width, height: int]
-  Point* = tuple[x, y: int]
-
-  PSurface* = ref Surface ## a surface to draw onto
-  Surface* {.pure, final.} = object
-    w*, h*: Natural
-    s*: sdl.PSurface
-
-  EGraphics* = object of IOError
-
-  Font {.pure, final.} = object
-    f: sdl_ttf.PFont
-    color: sdl.Color
-  PFont* = ref Font ## represents a font
-{.deprecated: [TSurface: Surface, TFont: Font, TRect: Rect, TPoint: Point].}
-
-proc toSdlColor*(c: Color): sdl.Color =
-  ## Convert colors.Color to sdl.Color
-  var x = c.extractRGB
-  result.r = x.r and 0xff
-  result.g = x.g and 0xff
-  result.b = x.b and 0xff
-
-proc createSdlColor*(sur: PSurface, c: Color, alpha: int = 0): int32 =
-  ## Creates a color using ``sdl.MapRGBA``.
-  var x = c.extractRGB
-  return sdl.mapRGBA(sur.s.format, x.r and 0xff, x.g and 0xff,
-                     x.b and 0xff, alpha and 0xff)
-
-proc toSdlRect*(r: Rect): sdl.Rect =
-  ## Convert ``graphics.Rect`` to ``sdl.Rect``.
-  result.x = int16(r.x)
-  result.y = int16(r.y)
-  result.w = uint16(r.width)
-  result.h = uint16(r.height)
-
-proc raiseEGraphics =
-  raise newException(EGraphics, $sdl.getError())
-
-proc surfaceFinalizer(s: PSurface) = sdl.freeSurface(s.s)
-
-proc newSurface*(width, height: int): PSurface =
-  ## creates a new surface.
-  new(result, surfaceFinalizer)
-  result.w = width
-  result.h = height
-  result.s = sdl.createRGBSurface(sdl.SWSURFACE, width, height,
-      32, 0x00FF0000, 0x0000FF00, 0x000000FF, 0)
-  if result.s == nil:
-    raiseEGraphics()
-
-  assert(not sdl.mustLock(result.s))
-
-proc fontFinalizer(f: PFont) = closeFont(f.f)
-
-proc newFont*(name = "VeraMono.ttf", size = 9, color = colBlack): PFont =
-  ## Creates a new font object. Raises ``EIO`` if the font cannot be loaded.
-  new(result, fontFinalizer)
-  result.f = openFont(name, size.cint)
-  if result.f == nil:
-    raise newException(IOError, "Could not open font file: " & name)
-  result.color = toSdlColor(color)
-
-var
-  defaultFont*: PFont ## default font that is used; this needs to initialized
-                      ## by the client!
-
-proc initDefaultFont*(name = "VeraMono.ttf", size = 9, color = colBlack) =
-  ## initializes the `defaultFont` var.
-  defaultFont = newFont(name, size, color)
-
-proc newScreenSurface*(width, height: int): PSurface =
-  ## Creates a new screen surface
-  new(result, surfaceFinalizer)
-  result.w = width
-  result.h = height
-  result.s = sdl.setVideoMode(width, height, 0, 0)
-  if result.s == nil:
-    raiseEGraphics()
-
-proc writeToBMP*(sur: PSurface, filename: string) =
-  ## Saves the contents of the surface `sur` to the file `filename` as a
-  ## BMP file.
-  if sdl.saveBMP(sur.s, filename) != 0:
-    raise newException(IOError, "cannot write: " & filename)
-
-type
-  Pixels = array[0..1000_000-1, int32]
-  PPixels = ptr Pixels
-{.deprecated: [TPixels: Pixels].}
-
-template setPix(video, pitch, x, y, col: expr): stmt =
-  video[y * pitch + x] = int32(col)
-
-template getPix(video, pitch, x, y: expr): expr =
-  colors.Color(video[y * pitch + x])
-
-const
-  ColSize = 4
-
-proc getPixel(sur: PSurface, x, y: Natural): colors.Color {.inline.} =
-  assert x <% sur.w
-  assert y <% sur.h
-  result = getPix(cast[PPixels](sur.s.pixels), sur.s.pitch.int div ColSize,
-                  x, y)
-
-proc setPixel(sur: PSurface, x, y: Natural, col: colors.Color) {.inline.} =
-  assert x <% sur.w
-  assert y <% sur.h
-  var pixs = cast[PPixels](sur.s.pixels)
-  #pixs[y * (sur.s.pitch div colSize) + x] = int(col)
-  setPix(pixs, sur.s.pitch.int div ColSize, x, y, col)
-
-proc `[]`*(sur: PSurface, p: Point): Color =
-  ## get pixel at position `p`. No range checking is done!
-  result = getPixel(sur, p.x, p.y)
-
-proc `[]`*(sur: PSurface, x, y: int): Color =
-  ## get pixel at position ``(x, y)``. No range checking is done!
-  result = getPixel(sur, x, y)
-
-proc `[]=`*(sur: PSurface, p: Point, col: Color) =
-  ## set the pixel at position `p`. No range checking is done!
-  setPixel(sur, p.x, p.y, col)
-
-proc `[]=`*(sur: PSurface, x, y: int, col: Color) =
-  ## set the pixel at position ``(x, y)``. No range checking is done!
-  setPixel(sur, x, y, col)
-
-proc blit*(destSurf: PSurface, destRect: Rect, srcSurf: PSurface,
-           srcRect: Rect) =
-  ## Copies ``srcSurf`` into ``destSurf``
-  var destTRect, srcTRect: sdl.Rect
-
-  destTRect.x = int16(destRect.x)
-  destTRect.y = int16(destRect.y)
-  destTRect.w = uint16(destRect.width)
-  destTRect.h = uint16(destRect.height)
-
-  srcTRect.x = int16(srcRect.x)
-  srcTRect.y = int16(srcRect.y)
-  srcTRect.w = uint16(srcRect.width)
-  srcTRect.h = uint16(srcRect.height)
-
-  if sdl.blitSurface(srcSurf.s, addr(srcTRect), destSurf.s, addr(destTRect)) != 0:
-    raiseEGraphics()
-
-proc textBounds*(text: string, font = defaultFont): tuple[width, height: int] =
-  var w, h: cint
-  if sdl_ttf.sizeUTF8(font.f, text, w, h) < 0: raiseEGraphics()
-  result.width = int(w)
-  result.height = int(h)
-
-proc drawText*(sur: PSurface, p: Point, text: string, font = defaultFont) =
-  ## Draws text with a transparent background, at location ``p`` with the given
-  ## font.
-  var textSur: PSurface # This surface will have the text drawn on it
-  new(textSur, surfaceFinalizer)
-
-  # Render the text
-  textSur.s = sdl_ttf.renderTextBlended(font.f, text, font.color)
-  # Merge the text surface with sur
-  sur.blit((p.x, p.y, sur.w, sur.h), textSur, (0, 0, sur.w, sur.h))
-
-proc drawText*(sur: PSurface, p: Point, text: string,
-               bg: Color, font = defaultFont) =
-  ## Draws text, at location ``p`` with font ``font``. ``bg``
-  ## is the background color.
-  var textSur: PSurface # This surface will have the text drawn on it
-  new(textSur, surfaceFinalizer)
-  textSur.s = sdl_ttf.renderTextShaded(font.f, text, font.color, toSdlColor(bg))
-  # Merge the text surface with sur
-  sur.blit((p.x, p.y, sur.w, sur.h), textSur, (0, 0, sur.w, sur.h))
-
-proc drawCircle*(sur: PSurface, p: Point, r: Natural, color: Color) =
-  ## draws a circle with center `p` and radius `r` with the given color
-  ## onto the surface `sur`.
-  var video = cast[PPixels](sur.s.pixels)
-  var pitch = sur.s.pitch.int div ColSize
-  var a = 1 - r
-  var py = r
-  var px = 0
-  var x = p.x
-  var y = p.y
-  while px <= py + 1:
-    if x+px <% sur.w:
-      if y+py <% sur.h: setPix(video, pitch, x+px, y+py, color)
-      if y-py <% sur.h: setPix(video, pitch, x+px, y-py, color)
-
-    if x-px <% sur.w:
-      if y+py <% sur.h: setPix(video, pitch, x-px, y+py, color)
-      if y-py <% sur.h: setPix(video, pitch, x-px, y-py, color)
-
-    if x+py <% sur.w:
-      if y+px <% sur.h: setPix(video, pitch, x+py, y+px, color)
-      if y-px <% sur.h: setPix(video, pitch, x+py, y-px, color)
-
-    if x-py <% sur.w:
-      if y+px <% sur.h: setPix(video, pitch, x-py, y+px, color)
-      if y-px <% sur.h: setPix(video, pitch, x-py, y-px, color)
-
-    if a < 0:
-      a = a + (2 * px + 3)
-    else:
-      a = a + (2 * (px - py) + 5)
-      py = py - 1
-    px = px + 1
-
-proc `>-<`(val: int, s: PSurface): int {.inline.} =
-  return if val < 0: 0 elif val >= s.w: s.w-1 else: val
-
-proc `>|<`(val: int, s: PSurface): int {.inline.} =
-  return if val < 0: 0 elif val >= s.h: s.h-1 else: val
-
-proc drawLine*(sur: PSurface, p1, p2: Point, color: Color) =
-  ## draws a line between the two points `p1` and `p2` with the given color
-  ## onto the surface `sur`.
-  var stepx, stepy: int = 0
-  var x0 = p1.x >-< sur
-  var x1 = p2.x >-< sur
-  var y0 = p1.y >|< sur
-  var y1 = p2.y >|< sur
-  var dy = y1 - y0
-  var dx = x1 - x0
-  if dy < 0:
-    dy = -dy
-    stepy = -1
-  else:
-    stepy = 1
-  if dx < 0:
-    dx = -dx
-    stepx = -1
-  else:
-    stepx = 1
-  dy = dy * 2
-  dx = dx * 2
-  var video = cast[PPixels](sur.s.pixels)
-  var pitch = sur.s.pitch.int div ColSize
-  setPix(video, pitch, x0, y0, color)
-  if dx > dy:
-    var fraction = dy - (dx div 2)
-    while x0 != x1:
-      if fraction >= 0:
-        y0 = y0 + stepy
-        fraction = fraction - dx
-      x0 = x0 + stepx
-      fraction = fraction + dy
-      setPix(video, pitch, x0, y0, color)
-  else:
-    var fraction = dx - (dy div 2)
-    while y0 != y1:
-      if fraction >= 0:
-        x0 = x0 + stepx
-        fraction = fraction - dy
-      y0 = y0 + stepy
-      fraction = fraction + dx
-      setPix(video, pitch, x0, y0, color)
-
-proc drawHorLine*(sur: PSurface, x, y, w: Natural, color: Color) =
-  ## draws a horizontal line from (x,y) to (x+w-1, y).
-  var video = cast[PPixels](sur.s.pixels)
-  var pitch = sur.s.pitch.int div ColSize
-
-  if y >= 0 and y <= sur.s.h:
-    for i in 0 .. min(sur.s.w-x, w)-1:
-      setPix(video, pitch, x + i, y, color)
-
-proc drawVerLine*(sur: PSurface, x, y, h: Natural, color: Color) =
-  ## draws a vertical line from (x,y) to (x, y+h-1).
-  var video = cast[PPixels](sur.s.pixels)
-  var pitch = sur.s.pitch.int div ColSize
-
-  if x >= 0 and x <= sur.s.w:
-    for i in 0 .. min(sur.s.h-y, h)-1:
-      setPix(video, pitch, x, y + i, color)
-
-proc fillCircle*(s: PSurface, p: Point, r: Natural, color: Color) =
-  ## draws a circle with center `p` and radius `r` with the given color
-  ## onto the surface `sur` and fills it.
-  var a = 1 - r
-  var py: int = r
-  var px = 0
-  var x = p.x
-  var y = p.y
-  while px <= py:
-    # Fill up the middle half of the circle
-    drawVerLine(s, x + px, y, py + 1, color)
-    drawVerLine(s, x + px, y - py, py, color)
-    if px != 0:
-      drawVerLine(s, x - px, y, py + 1, color)
-      drawVerLine(s, x - px, y - py, py, color)
-    if a < 0:
-      a = a + (2 * px + 3)
-    else:
-      a = a + (2 * (px - py) + 5)
-      py = py - 1
-      # Fill up the left/right half of the circle
-      if py >= px:
-        drawVerLine(s, x + py + 1, y, px + 1, color)
-        drawVerLine(s, x + py + 1, y - px, px, color)
-        drawVerLine(s, x - py - 1, y, px + 1, color)
-        drawVerLine(s, x - py - 1, y - px,  px, color)
-    px = px + 1
-
-proc drawRect*(sur: PSurface, r: Rect, color: Color) =
-  ## draws a rectangle.
-  var video = cast[PPixels](sur.s.pixels)
-  var pitch = sur.s.pitch.int div ColSize
-  if (r.x >= 0 and r.x <= sur.s.w) and (r.y >= 0 and r.y <= sur.s.h):
-    var minW = min(sur.s.w - r.x, r.width)
-    var minH = min(sur.s.h - r.y, r.height)
-
-    # Draw Top
-    for i in 0 .. minW - 1:
-      setPix(video, pitch, r.x + i, r.y, color)
-      setPix(video, pitch, r.x + i, r.y + minH - 1, color) # Draw bottom
-
-    # Draw left side
-    for i in 0 .. minH - 1:
-      setPix(video, pitch, r.x, r.y + i, color)
-      setPix(video, pitch, r.x + minW - 1, r.y + i, color) # Draw right side
-
-proc fillRect*(sur: PSurface, r: Rect, col: Color) =
-  ## Fills a rectangle using sdl's ``FillRect`` function.
-  var rect = toSdlRect(r)
-  if sdl.fillRect(sur.s, addr(rect), sur.createSdlColor(col)) == -1:
-    raiseEGraphics()
-
-proc plot4EllipsePoints(sur: PSurface, cx, cy, x, y: Natural, col: Color) =
-  var video = cast[PPixels](sur.s.pixels)
-  var pitch = sur.s.pitch.int div ColSize
-  if cx+x <= sur.s.w-1:
-    if cy+y <= sur.s.h-1: setPix(video, pitch, cx+x, cy+y, col)
-    if cy-y <= sur.s.h-1: setPix(video, pitch, cx+x, cy-y, col)
-  if cx-x <= sur.s.w-1:
-    if cy+y <= sur.s.h-1: setPix(video, pitch, cx-x, cy+y, col)
-    if cy-y <= sur.s.h-1: setPix(video, pitch, cx-x, cy-y, col)
-
-proc drawEllipse*(sur: PSurface, cx, cy, xRadius, yRadius: Natural,
-                  col: Color) =
-  ## Draws an ellipse, ``CX`` and ``CY`` specify the center X and Y of the
-  ## ellipse, ``XRadius`` and ``YRadius`` specify half the width and height
-  ## of the ellipse.
-  var
-    x, y: Natural
-    xChange, yChange: int
-    ellipseError: Natural
-    twoASquare, twoBSquare: Natural
-    stoppingX, stoppingY: Natural
-
-  twoASquare = 2 * xRadius * xRadius
-  twoBSquare = 2 * yRadius * yRadius
-  x = xRadius
-  y = 0
-  xChange = yRadius * yRadius * (1 - 2 * xRadius)
-  yChange = xRadius * xRadius
-  ellipseError = 0
-  stoppingX = twoBSquare * xRadius
-  stoppingY = 0
-
-  while stoppingX >=  stoppingY: # 1st set of points, y` > - 1
-    sur.plot4EllipsePoints(cx, cy, x, y, col)
-    inc(y)
-    inc(stoppingY, twoASquare)
-    inc(ellipseError, yChange)
-    inc(yChange, twoASquare)
-    if (2 * ellipseError + xChange) > 0 :
-      dec(x)
-      dec(stoppingX, twoBSquare)
-      inc(ellipseError, xChange)
-      inc(xChange, twoBSquare)
-
-  # 1st point set is done; start the 2nd set of points
-  x = 0
-  y = yRadius
-  xChange = yRadius * yRadius
-  yChange = xRadius * xRadius * (1 - 2 * yRadius)
-  ellipseError = 0
-  stoppingX = 0
-  stoppingY = twoASquare * yRadius
-  while stoppingX <= stoppingY:
-    sur.plot4EllipsePoints(cx, cy, x, y, col)
-    inc(x)
-    inc(stoppingX, twoBSquare)
-    inc(ellipseError, xChange)
-    inc(xChange,twoBSquare)
-    if (2 * ellipseError + yChange) > 0:
-      dec(y)
-      dec(stoppingY, twoASquare)
-      inc(ellipseError, yChange)
-      inc(yChange,twoASquare)
-
-
-proc plotAA(sur: PSurface, x, y: int, c: float, color: Color) =
-  if (x > 0 and x < sur.s.w) and (y > 0 and y < sur.s.h):
-    var video = cast[PPixels](sur.s.pixels)
-    var pitch = sur.s.pitch.int div ColSize
-
-    var pixColor = getPix(video, pitch, x, y)
-
-    setPix(video, pitch, x, y,
-           pixColor.intensity(1.0 - c) + color.intensity(c))
-
-
-template ipart(x: expr): expr = floor(x)
-template cround(x: expr): expr = ipart(x + 0.5)
-template fpart(x: expr): expr = x - ipart(x)
-template rfpart(x: expr): expr = 1.0 - fpart(x)
-
-proc drawLineAA*(sur: PSurface, p1, p2: Point, color: Color) =
-  ## Draws a anti-aliased line from ``p1`` to ``p2``, using Xiaolin Wu's
-  ## line algorithm
-  var (x1, x2, y1, y2) = (p1.x.toFloat(), p2.x.toFloat(),
-                          p1.y.toFloat(), p2.y.toFloat())
-  var dx = x2 - x1
-  var dy = y2 - y1
-
-  var ax = dx
-  if ax < 0'f64:
-    ax = 0'f64 - ax
-  var ay = dy
-  if ay < 0'f64:
-    ay = 0'f64 - ay
-
-  if ax < ay:
-    swap(x1, y1)
-    swap(x2, y2)
-    swap(dx, dy)
-
-  template doPlot(x, y: int, c: float, color: Color): stmt =
-    if ax < ay:
-      sur.plotAA(y, x, c, color)
-    else:
-      sur.plotAA(x, y, c, color)
-
-  if x2 < x1:
-    swap(x1, x2)
-    swap(y1, y2)
-
-  var gradient = dy / dx
-  # handle first endpoint
-  var xend = cround(x1)
-  var yend = y1 + gradient * (xend - x1)
-  var xgap = rfpart(x1 + 0.5)
-  var xpxl1 = int(xend) # this will be used in the main loop
-  var ypxl1 = int(ipart(yend))
-  doPlot(xpxl1, ypxl1, rfpart(yend)*xgap, color)
-  doPlot(xpxl1, ypxl1 + 1, fpart(yend)*xgap, color)
-  var intery = yend + gradient # first y-intersection for the main loop
-
-  # handle second endpoint
-  xend = cround(x2)
-  yend = y2 + gradient * (xend - x2)
-  xgap = fpart(x2 + 0.5)
-  var xpxl2 = int(xend) # this will be used in the main loop
-  var ypxl2 = int(ipart(yend))
-  doPlot(xpxl2, ypxl2, rfpart(yend) * xgap, color)
-  doPlot(xpxl2, ypxl2 + 1, fpart(yend) * xgap, color)
-
-  # main loop
-  var x = xpxl1 + 1
-  while x <= xpxl2-1:
-    doPlot(x, int(ipart(intery)), rfpart(intery), color)
-    doPlot(x, int(ipart(intery)) + 1, fpart(intery), color)
-    intery = intery + gradient
-    inc(x)
-
-proc fillSurface*(sur: PSurface, color: Color) =
-  ## Fills the entire surface with ``color``.
-  if sdl.fillRect(sur.s, nil, sur.createSdlColor(color)) == -1:
-    raiseEGraphics()
-
-template withEvents*(surf: PSurface, event: expr, actions: stmt): stmt {.
-  immediate.} =
-  ## Simple template which creates an event loop. ``Event`` is the name of the
-  ## variable containing the Event object.
-  while true:
-    var event: sdl.Event
-    if sdl.waitEvent(addr(event)) == 1:
-      actions
-
-if sdl.init(sdl.INIT_VIDEO) < 0: raiseEGraphics()
-if sdl_ttf.init() < 0: raiseEGraphics()
-
-when not defined(testing) and isMainModule:
-  var surf = newScreenSurface(800, 600)
-
-  surf.fillSurface(colWhite)
-
-  # Draw the shapes
-  surf.drawLineAA((150, 170), (400, 471), colTan)
-  surf.drawLine((100, 170), (400, 471), colRed)
-
-  surf.drawEllipse(200, 300, 200, 30, colSeaGreen)
-  surf.drawHorLine(1, 300, 400, colViolet)
-  # Check if the ellipse is the size it's suppose to be.
-  surf.drawVerLine(200, 300 - 30 + 1, 60, colViolet) # ^^ | i suppose it is
-
-  surf.drawEllipse(400, 300, 300, 300, colOrange)
-  surf.drawEllipse(5, 5, 5, 5, colGreen)
-
-  surf.drawHorLine(5, 5, 900, colRed)
-  surf.drawVerLine(5, 60, 800, colRed)
-  surf.drawCircle((600, 500), 60, colRed)
-
-  surf.fillRect((50, 50, 100, 100), colFuchsia)
-  surf.fillRect((150, 50, 100, 100), colGreen)
-  surf.drawRect((50, 150, 100, 100), colGreen)
-  surf.drawRect((150, 150, 100, 100), colAqua)
-  surf.drawRect((250, 150, 100, 100), colBlue)
-  surf.drawHorLine(250, 150, 100, colRed)
-
-  surf.drawLineAA((592, 160), (592, 280), colPurple)
-
-  #surf.drawText((300, 300), "TEST", colMidnightBlue)
-  #var textSize = textBounds("TEST")
-  #surf.drawText((300, 300 + textSize.height), $textSize.width & ", " &
-  #  $textSize.height, colDarkGreen)
-
-  var mouseStartX = -1
-  var mouseStartY = -1
-  withEvents(surf, event):
-    var eventp = addr(event)
-    case event.kind:
-    of sdl.QUITEV:
-      break
-    of sdl.KEYDOWN:
-      var evk = sdl.evKeyboard(eventp)
-      if evk.keysym.sym == sdl.K_LEFT:
-        surf.drawHorLine(395, 300, 50, colBlack)
-        echo("Drawing")
-      elif evk.keysym.sym == sdl.K_ESCAPE:
-        break
-      else:
-        echo(evk.keysym.sym)
-    of sdl.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
-      var mbd = sdl.evMouseButton(eventp)
-      if mouseStartX == -1 or mouseStartY == -1:
-        mouseStartX = int(mbd.x)
-        mouseStartY = int(mbd.y)
-      else:
-        surf.drawLineAA((mouseStartX, mouseStartY), (int(mbd.x), int(mbd.y)), colPurple)
-        mouseStartX = -1
-        mouseStartY = -1
-
-    of sdl.MOUSEMOTION:
-      var mm = sdl.evMouseMotion(eventp)
-      if mouseStartX != -1 and mouseStartY != -1:
-        surf.drawLineAA((mouseStartX, mouseStartY), (int(mm.x), int(mm.y)), colPurple)
-      #echo(mm.x, " ", mm.y, " ", mm.yrel)
-
-    else:
-      discard "echo(event.kind)"
-
-    sdl.updateRect(surf.s, 0, 0, 800, 600)
-
-  surf.writeToBMP("test.bmp")
-  sdl.quit()
diff --git a/lib/pure/asyncdispatch.nim b/lib/pure/asyncdispatch.nim
index ab462c57b..110bc6d74 100644
--- a/lib/pure/asyncdispatch.nim
+++ b/lib/pure/asyncdispatch.nim
@@ -1468,16 +1468,25 @@ proc asyncSingleProc(prc: NimNode): NimNode {.compileTime.} =
   hint("Processing " & prc[0].getName & " as an async proc.")
 
   let returnType = prc[3][0]
+  var baseType: NimNode
   # Verify that the return type is a Future[T]
-  if returnType.kind == nnkIdent:
-    error("Expected return type of 'Future' got '" & $returnType & "'")
-  elif returnType.kind == nnkBracketExpr:
-    if $returnType[0] != "Future":
-      error("Expected return type of 'Future' got '" & $returnType[0] & "'")
+  if returnType.kind == nnkBracketExpr:
+    let fut = repr(returnType[0])
+    if fut != "Future":
+      error("Expected return type of 'Future' got '" & fut & "'")
+    baseType = returnType[1]
+  elif returnType.kind in nnkCallKinds and $returnType[0] == "[]":
+    let fut = repr(returnType[1])
+    if fut != "Future":
+      error("Expected return type of 'Future' got '" & fut & "'")
+    baseType = returnType[2]
+  elif returnType.kind == nnkEmpty:
+    baseType = returnType
+  else:
+    error("Expected return type of 'Future' got '" & repr(returnType) & "'")
 
   let subtypeIsVoid = returnType.kind == nnkEmpty or
-        (returnType.kind == nnkBracketExpr and
-         returnType[1].kind == nnkIdent and returnType[1].ident == !"void")
+        (baseType.kind == nnkIdent and returnType[1].ident == !"void")
 
   var outerProcBody = newNimNode(nnkStmtList, prc[6])
 
@@ -1485,7 +1494,7 @@ proc asyncSingleProc(prc: NimNode): NimNode {.compileTime.} =
   var retFutureSym = genSym(nskVar, "retFuture")
   var subRetType =
     if returnType.kind == nnkEmpty: newIdentNode("void")
-    else: returnType[1]
+    else: baseType
   outerProcBody.add(
     newVarStmt(retFutureSym,
       newCall(
@@ -1509,7 +1518,7 @@ proc asyncSingleProc(prc: NimNode): NimNode {.compileTime.} =
       newIdentNode("off")))) # -> {.push warning[resultshadowed]: off.}
 
     procBody.insert(1, newNimNode(nnkVarSection, prc[6]).add(
-      newIdentDefs(newIdentNode("result"), returnType[1]))) # -> var result: T
+      newIdentDefs(newIdentNode("result"), baseType))) # -> var result: T
 
     procBody.insert(2, newNimNode(nnkPragma).add(
       newIdentNode("pop"))) # -> {.pop.})
@@ -1550,8 +1559,8 @@ proc asyncSingleProc(prc: NimNode): NimNode {.compileTime.} =
   result[6] = outerProcBody
 
   #echo(treeRepr(result))
-  if prc[0].getName == "hubConnectionLoop":
-    echo(toStrLit(result))
+  #if prc[0].getName == "hubConnectionLoop":
+  #  echo(toStrLit(result))
 
 macro async*(prc: stmt): stmt {.immediate.} =
   ## Macro which processes async procedures into the appropriate
diff --git a/lib/pure/options.nim b/lib/pure/options.nim
index ef01e1260..3122d58b1 100644
--- a/lib/pure/options.nim
+++ b/lib/pure/options.nim
@@ -108,6 +108,36 @@ proc get*[T](self: Option[T]): T =
     raise UnpackError(msg : "Can't obtain a value from a `none`")
   self.val
 
+proc get*[T](self: Option[T], otherwise: T): T =
+  ## Returns the contents of this option or `otherwise` if the option is none.
+  if self.isSome:
+    self.val
+  else:
+    otherwise
+
+
+proc map*[T](self: Option[T], callback: proc (input: T)) =
+  ## Applies a callback to the value in this Option
+  if self.has:
+    callback(self.val)
+
+proc map*[T, R](self: Option[T], callback: proc (input: T): R): Option[R] =
+  ## Applies a callback to the value in this Option and returns an option
+  ## containing the new value. If this option is None, None will be returned
+  if self.has:
+    some[R]( callback(self.val) )
+  else:
+    none(R)
+
+proc filter*[T](self: Option[T], callback: proc (input: T): bool): Option[T] =
+  ## Applies a callback to the value in this Option. If the callback returns
+  ## `true`, the option is returned as a Some. If it returns false, it is
+  ## returned as a None.
+  if self.has and not callback(self.val):
+    none(T)
+  else:
+    self
+
 
 proc `==`*(a, b: Option): bool =
   ## Returns ``true`` if both ``Option``s are ``none``,
@@ -115,8 +145,16 @@ proc `==`*(a, b: Option): bool =
   (a.has and b.has and a.val == b.val) or (not a.has and not b.has)
 
 
+proc `$`*[T]( self: Option[T] ): string =
+  ## Returns the contents of this option or `otherwise` if the option is none.
+  if self.has:
+    "Some(" & $self.val & ")"
+  else:
+    "None[" & T.name & "]"
+
+
 when isMainModule:
-  import unittest
+  import unittest, sequtils
 
   suite "optionals":
     # work around a bug in unittest
@@ -158,3 +196,27 @@ when isMainModule:
         check false
       when compiles(none(string) == none(int)):
         check false
+
+    test "get with a default value":
+      check( some("Correct").get("Wrong") == "Correct" )
+      check( stringNone.get("Correct") == "Correct" )
+
+    test "$":
+      check( $(some("Correct")) == "Some(Correct)" )
+      check( $(stringNone) == "None[string]" )
+
+    test "map with a void result":
+      var procRan = 0
+      some(123).map(proc (v: int) = procRan = v)
+      check procRan == 123
+      intNone.map(proc (v: int) = check false)
+
+    test "map":
+      check( some(123).map(proc (v: int): int = v * 2) == some(246) )
+      check( intNone.map(proc (v: int): int = v * 2).isNone )
+
+    test "filter":
+      check( some(123).filter(proc (v: int): bool = v == 123) == some(123) )
+      check( some(456).filter(proc (v: int): bool = v == 123).isNone )
+      check( intNone.filter(proc (v: int): bool = check false).isNone )
+
diff --git a/readme.md b/readme.md
index 6aa562f2a..80723cabc 100644
--- a/readme.md
+++ b/readme.md
@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
 # Nim Compiler
+
+[![Join the chat at https://gitter.im/nim-lang/Nim](https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg)](https://gitter.im/nim-lang/Nim?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge)
+
+
 This repo contains the Nim compiler, Nim's stdlib, tools and
 documentation.
 
diff --git a/tests/parallel/tparfind.nim b/tests/parallel/tparfind.nim
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9de5012f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/parallel/tparfind.nim
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+discard """
+  output: "500"
+"""
+
+import threadpool, sequtils
+
+{.experimental.}
+
+proc linearFind(a: openArray[int]; x, offset: int): int =
+  for i, y in a:
+    if y == x: return i+offset
+  result = -1
+
+proc parFind(a: seq[int]; x: int): int =
+  var results: array[4, int]
+  parallel:
+    if a.len >= 4:
+      let chunk = a.len div 4
+      results[0] = spawn linearFind(a[0 ..< chunk], x, 0)
+      results[1] = spawn linearFind(a[chunk ..< chunk*2], x, chunk)
+      results[2] = spawn linearFind(a[chunk*2 ..< chunk*3], x, chunk*2)
+      results[3] = spawn linearFind(a[chunk*3 ..< a.len], x, chunk*3)
+  result = max(results)
+
+
+let data = toSeq(0..1000)
+echo parFind(data, 500)
+
diff --git a/tests/vm/tyaytypedesc.nim b/tests/vm/tyaytypedesc.nim
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a3ad9b707
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/vm/tyaytypedesc.nim
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+discard """
+  output: "ntWhitespace"
+"""
+
+# bug #3357
+
+type NodeType* = enum
+  ntWhitespace
+
+type TokenType* = enum
+  ttWhitespace
+
+proc enumTable*[A, B, C](a: openarray[tuple[key: A, val: B]], ret: typedesc[C]): C =
+  for item in a:
+    result[item.key] = item.val
+
+const tokenTypeToNodeType = {
+  ttWhitespace: ntWhitespace,
+}.enumTable(array[ttWhitespace..ttWhitespace, NodeType])
+
+echo tokenTypeToNodeType[ttWhitespace]
generated by cgit-pink 1.4.1-2-gfad0 (git 2.36.2.497.gbbea4dcf42) at 2025-05-29 17:53:29 +0000