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-rw-r--r--compiler/semexprs.nim1824
1 files changed, 1292 insertions, 532 deletions
diff --git a/compiler/semexprs.nim b/compiler/semexprs.nim
index de9f2198a..2885142a7 100644
--- a/compiler/semexprs.nim
+++ b/compiler/semexprs.nim
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 # this module does the semantic checking for expressions
 # included from sem.nim
 
-when defined(nimCompilerStackraceHints):
+when defined(nimCompilerStacktraceHints):
   import std/stackframes
 
 const
@@ -26,15 +26,18 @@ const
   errUndeclaredFieldX = "undeclared field: '$1'"
 
 proc semTemplateExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode, s: PSym,
-                     flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode =
+                     flags: TExprFlags = {}; expectedType: PType = nil): PNode =
+  rememberExpansion(c, n.info, s)
   let info = getCallLineInfo(n)
   markUsed(c, info, s)
   onUse(info, s)
   # Note: This is n.info on purpose. It prevents template from creating an info
   # context when called from an another template
   pushInfoContext(c.config, n.info, s.detailedInfo)
-  result = evalTemplate(n, s, getCurrOwner(c), c.config, c.cache, efFromHlo in flags)
-  if efNoSemCheck notin flags: result = semAfterMacroCall(c, n, result, s, flags)
+  result = evalTemplate(n, s, getCurrOwner(c), c.config, c.cache,
+                        c.templInstCounter, c.idgen, efFromHlo in flags)
+  if efNoSemCheck notin flags:
+    result = semAfterMacroCall(c, n, result, s, flags, expectedType)
   popInfoContext(c.config)
 
   # XXX: A more elaborate line info rewrite might be needed
@@ -49,11 +52,8 @@ template rejectEmptyNode(n: PNode) =
 proc semOperand(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode =
   rejectEmptyNode(n)
   # same as 'semExprWithType' but doesn't check for proc vars
-  result = semExpr(c, n, flags + {efOperand})
+  result = semExpr(c, n, flags + {efOperand, efAllowSymChoice})
   if result.typ != nil:
-    # XXX tyGenericInst here?
-    if result.typ.kind == tyProc and tfUnresolved in result.typ.flags:
-      localError(c.config, n.info, errProcHasNoConcreteType % n.renderTree)
     if result.typ.kind in {tyVar, tyLent}: result = newDeref(result)
   elif {efWantStmt, efAllowStmt} * flags != {}:
     result.typ = newTypeS(tyVoid, c)
@@ -62,22 +62,46 @@ proc semOperand(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode =
                renderTree(result, {renderNoComments}))
     result.typ = errorType(c)
 
-proc semExprCheck(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
+proc semExprCheck(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags, expectedType: PType = nil): PNode =
   rejectEmptyNode(n)
-  result = semExpr(c, n, flags+{efWantValue})
-  if result.kind == nkEmpty:
+  result = semExpr(c, n, flags+{efWantValue}, expectedType)
+
+  let
+    isEmpty = result.kind == nkEmpty
+    isTypeError = result.typ != nil and result.typ.kind == tyError
+
+  if isEmpty or isTypeError:
     # bug #12741, redundant error messages are the lesser evil here:
     localError(c.config, n.info, errExprXHasNoType %
                 renderTree(result, {renderNoComments}))
+
+  if isEmpty:
     # do not produce another redundant error message:
     result = errorNode(c, n)
 
-proc semExprWithType(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode =
-  result = semExprCheck(c, n, flags)
-  if result.typ == nil or result.typ == c.enforceVoidContext:
+proc semExprWithType(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}, expectedType: PType = nil): PNode =
+  result = semExprCheck(c, n, flags-{efTypeAllowed}, expectedType)
+  if result.typ == nil and efInTypeof in flags:
+    result.typ = c.voidType
+  elif result.typ == nil or result.typ == c.enforceVoidContext:
     localError(c.config, n.info, errExprXHasNoType %
                 renderTree(result, {renderNoComments}))
     result.typ = errorType(c)
+  elif result.typ.kind == tyError:
+    # associates the type error to the current owner
+    result.typ = errorType(c)
+  elif efTypeAllowed in flags and result.typ.kind == tyProc and
+      hasUnresolvedParams(result, {}):
+    # mirrored with semOperand but only on efTypeAllowed
+    let owner = result.typ.owner
+    let err =
+      # consistent error message with evaltempl/semMacroExpr
+      if owner != nil and owner.kind in {skTemplate, skMacro}:
+        errMissingGenericParamsForTemplate % n.renderTree
+      else:
+        errProcHasNoConcreteType % n.renderTree
+    localError(c.config, n.info, err)
+    result.typ = errorType(c)
   else:
     if result.typ.kind in {tyVar, tyLent}: result = newDeref(result)
 
@@ -91,8 +115,114 @@ proc semExprNoDeref(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode =
 proc semSymGenericInstantiation(c: PContext, n: PNode, s: PSym): PNode =
   result = symChoice(c, n, s, scClosed)
 
+proc semSym(c: PContext, n: PNode, sym: PSym, flags: TExprFlags): PNode
+
+proc isSymChoice(n: PNode): bool {.inline.} =
+  result = n.kind in nkSymChoices
+
+proc resolveSymChoice(c: PContext, n: var PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}, expectedType: PType = nil) =
+  ## Attempts to resolve a symchoice `n`, `n` remains a symchoice if
+  ## it cannot be resolved (this is the case even when `n.len == 1`).
+  if expectedType != nil:
+    # resolve from type inference, see paramTypesMatch
+    n = fitNode(c, expectedType, n, n.info)
+  if isSymChoice(n) and efAllowSymChoice notin flags:
+    # some contexts might want sym choices preserved for later disambiguation
+    # in general though they are ambiguous
+    let first = n[0].sym
+    var foundSym: PSym = nil
+    if first.kind == skEnumField and
+        not isAmbiguous(c, first.name, {skEnumField}, foundSym) and
+        foundSym == first:
+      # choose the first resolved enum field, i.e. the latest in scope
+      # to mirror behavior before overloadable enums
+      n = n[0]
+
+proc semOpenSym(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags, expectedType: PType,
+                warnDisabled = false): PNode =
+  ## sem the child of an `nkOpenSym` node, that is, captured symbols that can be
+  ## replaced by newly injected symbols in generics. `s` must be the captured
+  ## symbol if the original node is an `nkSym` node; and `nil` if it is an
+  ## `nkOpenSymChoice`, in which case only non-overloadable injected symbols
+  ## will be considered.
+  let isSym = n.kind == nkSym
+  let ident = n.getPIdent
+  assert ident != nil
+  let id = newIdentNode(ident, n.info)
+  c.isAmbiguous = false
+  let s2 = qualifiedLookUp(c, id, {})
+  # for `nkSym`, the first found symbol being different and unambiguous is
+  # enough to replace the original
+  # for `nkOpenSymChoice`, the first found symbol must be non-overloadable,
+  # since otherwise we have to use regular `nkOpenSymChoice` functionality
+  # but of the overloadable sym kinds, semExpr does not handle skModule, skMacro, skTemplate
+  # as overloaded in the case where `nkIdent` finds them first
+  if s2 != nil and not c.isAmbiguous and
+      ((isSym and s2 != n.sym) or
+        (not isSym and s2.kind notin OverloadableSyms-{skModule, skMacro, skTemplate})):
+    # only consider symbols defined under current proc:
+    var o = s2.owner
+    while o != nil:
+      if o == c.p.owner:
+        if not warnDisabled:
+          result = semExpr(c, id, flags, expectedType)
+          return
+        else:
+          var msg =
+            "a new symbol '" & ident.s & "' has been injected during " &
+            # msgContext should show what is being instantiated:
+            "template or generic instantiation, however "
+          if isSym:
+            msg.add(
+              getSymRepr(c.config, n.sym) & " captured at " &
+              "the proc declaration will be used instead; " &
+              "either enable --experimental:openSym to use the injected symbol, " &
+              "or `bind` this captured symbol explicitly")
+          else:
+            msg.add(
+              "overloads of " & ident.s & " will be used instead; " &
+              "either enable --experimental:openSym to use the injected symbol, " &
+              "or `bind` this symbol explicitly")
+          message(c.config, n.info, warnIgnoredSymbolInjection, msg)
+          break
+      o = o.owner
+  # nothing found
+  n.flags.excl nfDisabledOpenSym
+  if not warnDisabled and isSym:
+    result = semExpr(c, n, flags, expectedType)
+  else:
+    result = nil
+    if not isSym:
+      # set symchoice node type back to None
+      n.typ = newTypeS(tyNone, c)
+
+proc semSymChoice(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}, expectedType: PType = nil): PNode =
+  if n.kind == nkOpenSymChoice:
+    result = semOpenSym(c, n, flags, expectedType,
+      warnDisabled = nfDisabledOpenSym in n.flags and
+        genericsOpenSym notin c.features)
+    if result != nil:
+      return
+  result = n
+  resolveSymChoice(c, result, flags, expectedType)
+  if isSymChoice(result) and result.len == 1:
+    # resolveSymChoice can leave 1 sym
+    result = result[0]
+  if isSymChoice(result) and efAllowSymChoice notin flags:
+    var err = "ambiguous identifier: '" & result[0].sym.name.s &
+      "' -- use one of the following:\n"
+    for child in n:
+      let candidate = child.sym
+      err.add "  " & candidate.owner.name.s & "." & candidate.name.s
+      err.add ": " & typeToString(candidate.typ) & "\n"
+    localError(c.config, n.info, err)
+    n.typ = errorType(c)
+    result = n
+  if result.kind == nkSym:
+    result = semSym(c, result, result.sym, flags)
+
 proc inlineConst(c: PContext, n: PNode, s: PSym): PNode {.inline.} =
-  result = copyTree(s.ast)
+  result = copyTree(s.astdef)
   if result.isNil:
     localError(c.config, n.info, "constant of type '" & typeToString(s.typ) & "' has no value")
     result = newSymNode(s)
@@ -128,19 +258,19 @@ proc checkConvertible(c: PContext, targetTyp: PType, src: PNode): TConvStatus =
   var d = skipTypes(targetTyp, abstractVar)
   var s = srcTyp
   if s.kind in tyUserTypeClasses and s.isResolvedUserTypeClass:
-    s = s.lastSon
+    s = s.last
   s = skipTypes(s, abstractVar-{tyTypeDesc, tyOwned})
   if s.kind == tyOwned and d.kind != tyOwned:
-    s = s.lastSon
+    s = s.skipModifier
   var pointers = 0
   while (d != nil) and (d.kind in {tyPtr, tyRef, tyOwned}):
     if s.kind == tyOwned and d.kind != tyOwned:
-      s = s.lastSon
+      s = s.skipModifier
     elif d.kind != s.kind:
       break
     else:
-      d = d.lastSon
-      s = s.lastSon
+      d = d.elementType
+      s = s.elementType
     inc pointers
 
   let targetBaseTyp = skipTypes(targetTyp, abstractVarRange)
@@ -152,11 +282,16 @@ proc checkConvertible(c: PContext, targetTyp: PType, src: PNode): TConvStatus =
     result = checkConversionBetweenObjects(d.skipTypes(abstractInst), s.skipTypes(abstractInst), pointers)
   elif (targetBaseTyp.kind in IntegralTypes) and
       (srcBaseTyp.kind in IntegralTypes):
+    if targetTyp.kind == tyEnum and srcBaseTyp.kind == tyEnum and
+        not sameType(targetTyp, srcBaseTyp):
+      message(c.config, src.info, warnSuspiciousEnumConv, "suspicious code: enum to enum conversion")
+    # `elif` would be incorrect here
     if targetTyp.kind == tyBool:
       discard "convOk"
     elif targetTyp.isOrdinalType:
       if src.kind in nkCharLit..nkUInt64Lit and
-          src.getInt notin firstOrd(c.config, targetTyp)..lastOrd(c.config, targetTyp):
+          src.getInt notin firstOrd(c.config, targetTyp)..lastOrd(c.config, targetTyp) and
+          targetTyp.kind notin {tyUInt..tyUInt64}:
         result = convNotInRange
       elif src.kind in nkFloatLit..nkFloat64Lit and
           (classify(src.floatVal) in {fcNan, fcNegInf, fcInf} or
@@ -171,6 +306,9 @@ proc checkConvertible(c: PContext, targetTyp: PType, src: PNode): TConvStatus =
         result = convNotInRange
   else:
     # we use d, s here to speed up that operation a bit:
+    if d.kind == tyFromExpr:
+      result = convNotLegal
+      return
     case cmpTypes(c, d, s)
     of isNone, isGeneric:
       if not compareTypes(targetTyp.skipTypes(abstractVar), srcTyp.skipTypes({tyOwned}), dcEqIgnoreDistinct):
@@ -178,10 +316,10 @@ proc checkConvertible(c: PContext, targetTyp: PType, src: PNode): TConvStatus =
     else:
       discard
 
-proc isCastable(conf: ConfigRef; dst, src: PType): bool =
+proc isCastable(c: PContext; dst, src: PType, info: TLineInfo): bool =
   ## Checks whether the source type can be cast to the destination type.
   ## Casting is very unrestrictive; casts are allowed as long as
-  ## castDest.size >= src.size, and typeAllowed(dst, skParam)
+  ## dst.size >= src.size, and typeAllowed(dst, skParam)
   #const
   #  castableTypeKinds = {tyInt, tyPtr, tyRef, tyCstring, tyString,
   #                       tySequence, tyPointer, tyNil, tyOpenArray,
@@ -193,11 +331,14 @@ proc isCastable(conf: ConfigRef; dst, src: PType): bool =
     return false
   if skipTypes(dst, abstractInst).kind == tyBuiltInTypeClass:
     return false
-  if conf.selectedGC in {gcArc, gcOrc}:
+  let conf = c.config
+  if conf.selectedGC in {gcArc, gcOrc, gcAtomicArc}:
     let d = skipTypes(dst, abstractInst)
     let s = skipTypes(src, abstractInst)
     if d.kind == tyRef and s.kind == tyRef and s[0].isFinal != d[0].isFinal:
       return false
+    elif d.kind in IntegralTypes and s.kind in {tyString, tySequence}:
+      return false
 
   var dstSize, srcSize: BiggestInt
   dstSize = computeSize(conf, dst)
@@ -207,22 +348,19 @@ proc isCastable(conf: ConfigRef; dst, src: PType): bool =
     # Just assume the programmer knows what he is doing.
     return true
   if dstSize < 0:
-    result = false
+    return false
   elif srcSize < 0:
-    result = false
-  elif typeAllowed(dst, skParam) != nil:
-    result = false
+    return false
+  elif typeAllowed(dst, skParam, c, {taIsCastable}) != nil:
+    return false
   elif dst.kind == tyProc and dst.callConv == ccClosure:
-    result = src.kind == tyProc and src.callConv == ccClosure
+    return src.kind == tyProc and src.callConv == ccClosure
   else:
     result = (dstSize >= srcSize) or
         (skipTypes(dst, abstractInst).kind in IntegralTypes) or
         (skipTypes(src, abstractInst-{tyTypeDesc}).kind in IntegralTypes)
   if result and src.kind == tyNil:
-    result = dst.size <= conf.target.ptrSize
-
-proc isSymChoice(n: PNode): bool {.inline.} =
-  result = n.kind in nkSymChoices
+    return dst.size <= conf.target.ptrSize
 
 proc maybeLiftType(t: var PType, c: PContext, info: TLineInfo) =
   # XXX: liftParamType started to perform addDecl
@@ -238,7 +376,7 @@ proc isOwnedSym(c: PContext; n: PNode): bool =
   let s = qualifiedLookUp(c, n, {})
   result = s != nil and sfSystemModule in s.owner.flags and s.name.s == "owned"
 
-proc semConv(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
+proc semConv(c: PContext, n: PNode; flags: TExprFlags = {}, expectedType: PType = nil): PNode =
   if n.len != 2:
     localError(c.config, n.info, "a type conversion takes exactly one argument")
     return n
@@ -246,7 +384,7 @@ proc semConv(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
   result = newNodeI(nkConv, n.info)
 
   var targetType = semTypeNode(c, n[0], nil)
-  case targetType.kind
+  case targetType.skipTypes({tyDistinct}).kind
   of tyTypeDesc:
     internalAssert c.config, targetType.len > 0
     if targetType.base.kind == tyNone:
@@ -254,7 +392,7 @@ proc semConv(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
     else:
       targetType = targetType.base
   of tyStatic:
-    var evaluated = semStaticExpr(c, n[1])
+    var evaluated = semStaticExpr(c, n[1], expectedType)
     if evaluated.kind == nkType or evaluated.typ.kind == tyTypeDesc:
       result = n
       result.typ = c.makeTypeDesc semStaticType(c, evaluated, nil)
@@ -263,16 +401,17 @@ proc semConv(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
       return evaluated
     else:
       targetType = targetType.base
+  of tyAnything, tyUntyped, tyTyped:
+    localError(c.config, n.info, "illegal type conversion to '$1'" % typeToString(targetType))
   else: discard
 
   maybeLiftType(targetType, c, n[0].info)
 
   if targetType.kind in {tySink, tyLent} or isOwnedSym(c, n[0]):
     let baseType = semTypeNode(c, n[1], nil).skipTypes({tyTypeDesc})
-    let t = newTypeS(targetType.kind, c)
+    let t = newTypeS(targetType.kind, c, baseType)
     if targetType.kind == tyOwned:
       t.flags.incl tfHasOwned
-    t.rawAddSonNoPropagationOfTypeFlags baseType
     result = newNodeI(nkType, n.info)
     result.typ = makeTypeDesc(c, t)
     return
@@ -283,7 +422,10 @@ proc semConv(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
   if n[1].kind == nkExprEqExpr and
       targetType.skipTypes(abstractPtrs).kind == tyObject:
     localError(c.config, n.info, "object construction uses ':', not '='")
-  var op = semExprWithType(c, n[1])
+  var op = semExprWithType(c, n[1], flags * {efDetermineType} + {efAllowSymChoice})
+  if isSymChoice(op) and op[0].sym.kind notin routineKinds:
+    # T(foo) disambiguation syntax only allowed for routines
+    op = semSymChoice(c, op)
   if targetType.kind != tyGenericParam and targetType.isMetaType:
     let final = inferWithMetatype(c, targetType, op, true)
     result.add final
@@ -295,7 +437,9 @@ proc semConv(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
   # here or needs to be overwritten too then.
   result.add op
 
-  if targetType.kind == tyGenericParam:
+  if targetType.kind == tyGenericParam or
+      (op.typ != nil and op.typ.kind == tyFromExpr and c.inGenericContext > 0):
+    # expression is compiled early in a generic body
     result.typ = makeTypeFromExpr(c, copyTree(result))
     return result
 
@@ -309,7 +453,8 @@ proc semConv(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
       elif op.kind in {nkPar, nkTupleConstr} and targetType.kind == tyTuple:
         op = fitNode(c, targetType, op, result.info)
     of convNotNeedeed:
-      message(c.config, n.info, hintConvFromXtoItselfNotNeeded, result.typ.typeToString)
+      if efNoSem2Check notin flags:
+        message(c.config, n.info, hintConvFromXtoItselfNotNeeded, result.typ.typeToString)
     of convNotLegal:
       result = fitNode(c, result.typ, result[1], result.info)
       if result == nil:
@@ -336,13 +481,14 @@ proc semCast(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
   checkSonsLen(n, 2, c.config)
   let targetType = semTypeNode(c, n[0], nil)
   let castedExpr = semExprWithType(c, n[1])
+  if castedExpr.kind == nkClosedSymChoice:
+    errorUseQualifier(c, n[1].info, castedExpr)
+  if targetType == nil:
+    localError(c.config, n.info, "Invalid usage of cast, cast requires a type to convert to, e.g., cast[int](0d).")
   if tfHasMeta in targetType.flags:
     localError(c.config, n[0].info, "cannot cast to a non concrete type: '$1'" % $targetType)
-  if not isCastable(c.config, targetType, castedExpr.typ):
-    let tar = $targetType
-    let alt = typeToString(targetType, preferDesc)
-    let msg = if tar != alt: tar & "=" & alt else: tar
-    localError(c.config, n.info, "expression cannot be cast to " & msg)
+  if not isCastable(c, targetType, castedExpr.typ, n.info):
+    localError(c.config, n.info, "expression cannot be cast to '$1'" % $targetType)
   result = newNodeI(nkCast, n.info)
   result.typ = targetType
   result.add copyTree(n[0])
@@ -357,10 +503,12 @@ proc semLowHigh(c: PContext, n: PNode, m: TMagic): PNode =
     n[1] = semExprWithType(c, n[1], {efDetermineType})
     var typ = skipTypes(n[1].typ, abstractVarRange + {tyTypeDesc, tyUserTypeClassInst})
     case typ.kind
-    of tySequence, tyString, tyCString, tyOpenArray, tyVarargs:
+    of tySequence, tyString, tyCstring, tyOpenArray, tyVarargs:
       n.typ = getSysType(c.graph, n.info, tyInt)
     of tyArray:
-      n.typ = typ[0] # indextype
+      n.typ = typ.indexType
+      if n.typ.kind == tyRange and emptyRange(n.typ.n[0], n.typ.n[1]): #Invalid range
+        n.typ = getSysType(c.graph, n.info, tyInt)
     of tyInt..tyInt64, tyChar, tyBool, tyEnum, tyUInt..tyUInt64, tyFloat..tyFloat64:
       n.typ = n[1].typ.skipTypes({tyTypeDesc})
     of tyGenericParam:
@@ -383,7 +531,7 @@ proc fixupStaticType(c: PContext, n: PNode) =
   # apply this measure only in code that is enlightened to work
   # with static types.
   if n.typ.kind != tyStatic:
-    n.typ = newTypeWithSons(getCurrOwner(c), tyStatic, @[n.typ])
+    n.typ = newTypeS(tyStatic, c, n.typ)
     n.typ.n = n # XXX: cycles like the one here look dangerous.
                 # Consider using `n.copyTree`
 
@@ -406,9 +554,9 @@ proc isOpImpl(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
     of "closure":
       let t = skipTypes(t1, abstractRange)
       res = t.kind == tyProc and
-            t.callConv == ccClosure and
-            tfIterator notin t.flags
+            t.callConv == ccClosure
     of "iterator":
+      # holdover from when `is iterator` didn't work
       let t = skipTypes(t1, abstractRange)
       res = t.kind == tyProc and
             t.callConv == ccClosure and
@@ -430,14 +578,15 @@ proc isOpImpl(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
       m.diagnostics = @[]
       m.diagnosticsEnabled = true
     res = typeRel(m, t2, t1) >= isSubtype # isNone
-    # `res = sameType(t1, t2)` would be wrong, eg for `int is (int|float)`
+    # `res = sameType(t1, t2)` would be wrong, e.g. for `int is (int|float)`
 
   result = newIntNode(nkIntLit, ord(res))
   result.typ = n.typ
 
 proc semIs(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
-  if n.len != 3:
+  if n.len != 3 or n[2].kind == nkEmpty:
     localError(c.config, n.info, "'is' operator takes 2 arguments")
+    return errorNode(c, n)
 
   let boolType = getSysType(c.graph, n.info, tyBool)
   result = n
@@ -471,15 +620,14 @@ proc semIs(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
       n[1] = makeTypeSymNode(c, lhsType, n[1].info)
       lhsType = n[1].typ
   else:
-    if lhsType.base.kind == tyNone or
-        (c.inGenericContext > 0 and lhsType.base.containsGenericType):
+    if c.inGenericContext > 0 and lhsType.base.containsUnresolvedType:
       # BUGFIX: don't evaluate this too early: ``T is void``
       return
 
   result = isOpImpl(c, n, flags)
 
 proc semOpAux(c: PContext, n: PNode) =
-  const flags = {efDetermineType}
+  const flags = {efDetermineType, efAllowSymChoice}
   for i in 1..<n.len:
     var a = n[i]
     if a.kind == nkExprEqExpr and a.len == 2:
@@ -493,17 +641,25 @@ proc semOpAux(c: PContext, n: PNode) =
 proc overloadedCallOpr(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
   # quick check if there is *any* () operator overloaded:
   var par = getIdent(c.cache, "()")
-  if searchInScopes(c, par) == nil:
+  var amb = false
+  if searchInScopes(c, par, amb) == nil:
     result = nil
   else:
     result = newNodeI(nkCall, n.info)
     result.add newIdentNode(par, n.info)
     for i in 0..<n.len: result.add n[i]
-    result = semExpr(c, result)
+    result = semExpr(c, result, flags = {efNoUndeclared})
 
 proc changeType(c: PContext; n: PNode, newType: PType, check: bool) =
   case n.kind
-  of nkCurly, nkBracket:
+  of nkCurly:
+    for i in 0..<n.len:
+      if n[i].kind == nkRange:
+        changeType(c, n[i][0], elemType(newType), check)
+        changeType(c, n[i][1], elemType(newType), check)
+      else:
+        changeType(c, n[i], elemType(newType), check)
+  of nkBracket:
     for i in 0..<n.len:
       changeType(c, n[i], elemType(newType), check)
   of nkPar, nkTupleConstr:
@@ -536,14 +692,20 @@ proc changeType(c: PContext; n: PNode, newType: PType, check: bool) =
           a.add m
           changeType(m, tup[i], check)
   of nkCharLit..nkUInt64Lit:
-    if check and n.kind != nkUInt64Lit and not sameType(n.typ, newType):
+    if check and n.kind != nkUInt64Lit and not sameTypeOrNil(n.typ, newType):
       let value = n.intVal
       if value < firstOrd(c.config, newType) or value > lastOrd(c.config, newType):
         localError(c.config, n.info, "cannot convert " & $value &
-                                         " to " & typeToString(newType))
+                                         " to " & typeNameAndDesc(newType))
   of nkFloatLit..nkFloat64Lit:
     if check and not floatRangeCheck(n.floatVal, newType):
-      localError(c.config, n.info, errFloatToString % [$n.floatVal, typeToString(newType)])
+      localError(c.config, n.info, errFloatToString % [$n.floatVal, typeNameAndDesc(newType)])
+  of nkSym:
+    if check and n.sym.kind == skEnumField and not sameTypeOrNil(n.sym.typ, newType):
+      let value = n.sym.position
+      if value < firstOrd(c.config, newType) or value > lastOrd(c.config, newType):
+        localError(c.config, n.info, "cannot convert '" & n.sym.name.s &
+                                         "' to '" & typeNameAndDesc(newType) & "'")
   else: discard
   n.typ = newType
 
@@ -554,25 +716,52 @@ proc arrayConstrType(c: PContext, n: PNode): PType =
     rawAddSon(typ, newTypeS(tyEmpty, c)) # needs an empty basetype!
   else:
     var t = skipTypes(n[0].typ, {tyGenericInst, tyVar, tyLent, tyOrdinal, tyAlias, tySink})
-    addSonSkipIntLit(typ, t)
-  typ[0] = makeRangeType(c, 0, n.len - 1, n.info)
+    addSonSkipIntLit(typ, t, c.idgen)
+  typ.setIndexType makeRangeType(c, 0, n.len - 1, n.info)
   result = typ
 
-proc semArrayConstr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
+proc semArrayConstr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags; expectedType: PType = nil): PNode =
   result = newNodeI(nkBracket, n.info)
-  result.typ = newTypeS(tyArray, c)
-  rawAddSon(result.typ, nil)     # index type
+  # nkBracket nodes can also be produced by the VM as seq constant nodes
+  # in which case, we cannot produce a new array type for the node,
+  # as this might lose type info even when the node has array type
+  let constructType = n.typ.isNil
+  var expectedElementType, expectedIndexType: PType = nil
+  var expectedBase: PType = nil
+  if constructType:
+    result.typ = newTypeS(tyArray, c)
+    rawAddSon(result.typ, nil)     # index type
+    if expectedType != nil:
+      expectedBase = expectedType.skipTypes(abstractRange-{tyDistinct})
+  else:
+    result.typ = n.typ
+    expectedBase = n.typ.skipTypes(abstractRange) # include tyDistinct this time
+  if expectedBase != nil:
+    case expectedBase.kind
+    of tyArray:
+      expectedIndexType = expectedBase[0]
+      expectedElementType = expectedBase[1]
+    of tyOpenArray, tySequence:
+      # typed bracket expressions can also have seq type
+      expectedElementType = expectedBase[0]
+    else: discard
   var
-    firstIndex, lastIndex: Int128
+    firstIndex, lastIndex: Int128 = Zero
     indexType = getSysType(c.graph, n.info, tyInt)
     lastValidIndex = lastOrd(c.config, indexType)
   if n.len == 0:
-    rawAddSon(result.typ, newTypeS(tyEmpty, c)) # needs an empty basetype!
+    if constructType:
+      rawAddSon(result.typ,
+        if expectedElementType != nil and
+            typeAllowed(expectedElementType, skLet, c) == nil:
+          expectedElementType
+        else:
+          newTypeS(tyEmpty, c)) # needs an empty basetype!
     lastIndex = toInt128(-1)
   else:
     var x = n[0]
     if x.kind == nkExprColonExpr and x.len == 2:
-      var idx = semConstExpr(c, x[0])
+      var idx = semConstExpr(c, x[0], expectedIndexType)
       if not isOrdinalType(idx.typ):
         localError(c.config, idx.info, "expected ordinal value for array " &
                    "index, got '$1'" % renderTree(idx))
@@ -583,8 +772,14 @@ proc semArrayConstr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
         lastValidIndex = lastOrd(c.config, indexType)
         x = x[1]
 
-    let yy = semExprWithType(c, x)
-    var typ = yy.typ
+    let yy = semExprWithType(c, x, {efTypeAllowed}, expectedElementType)
+    var typ: PType
+    if constructType:
+      typ = yy.typ
+      if expectedElementType == nil:
+        expectedElementType = typ
+    else:
+      typ = expectedElementType
     result.add yy
     #var typ = skipTypes(result[0].typ, {tyGenericInst, tyVar, tyLent, tyOrdinal})
     for i in 1..<n.len:
@@ -596,45 +791,53 @@ proc semArrayConstr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
 
       x = n[i]
       if x.kind == nkExprColonExpr and x.len == 2:
-        var idx = semConstExpr(c, x[0])
+        var idx = semConstExpr(c, x[0], indexType)
         idx = fitNode(c, indexType, idx, x.info)
         if lastIndex+1 != getOrdValue(idx):
           localError(c.config, x.info, "invalid order in array constructor")
         x = x[1]
 
-      let xx = semExprWithType(c, x, flags*{efAllowDestructor})
+      let xx = semExprWithType(c, x, {efTypeAllowed}, expectedElementType)
       result.add xx
-      typ = commonType(typ, xx.typ)
-      #n[i] = semExprWithType(c, x, flags*{efAllowDestructor})
+      if constructType:
+        typ = commonType(c, typ, xx.typ)
+      #n[i] = semExprWithType(c, x, {})
       #result.add fitNode(c, typ, n[i])
       inc(lastIndex)
-    addSonSkipIntLit(result.typ, typ)
+    if constructType:
+      addSonSkipIntLit(result.typ, typ, c.idgen)
     for i in 0..<result.len:
       result[i] = fitNode(c, typ, result[i], result[i].info)
-  result.typ[0] = makeRangeType(c, toInt64(firstIndex), toInt64(lastIndex), n.info,
-                                     indexType)
+  if constructType:
+    result.typ.setIndexType(
+      makeRangeType(c,
+        toInt64(firstIndex), toInt64(lastIndex),
+        n.info, indexType))
 
 proc fixAbstractType(c: PContext, n: PNode) =
   for i in 1..<n.len:
     let it = n[i]
+    if it == nil:
+      localError(c.config, n.info, "'$1' has nil child at index $2" % [renderTree(n, {renderNoComments}), $i])
+      return
     # do not get rid of nkHiddenSubConv for OpenArrays, the codegen needs it:
     if it.kind == nkHiddenSubConv and
         skipTypes(it.typ, abstractVar).kind notin {tyOpenArray, tyVarargs}:
       if skipTypes(it[1].typ, abstractVar).kind in
             {tyNil, tyTuple, tySet} or it[1].isArrayConstr:
-        var s = skipTypes(it.typ, abstractVar)
+        var s = skipTypes(it.typ, abstractVar + tyUserTypeClasses)
         if s.kind != tyUntyped:
           changeType(c, it[1], s, check=true)
         n[i] = it[1]
 
-proc isAssignable(c: PContext, n: PNode; isUnsafeAddr=false): TAssignableResult =
-  result = parampatterns.isAssignable(c.p.owner, n, isUnsafeAddr)
+proc isAssignable(c: PContext, n: PNode): TAssignableResult =
+  result = parampatterns.isAssignable(c.p.owner, n)
 
 proc isUnresolvedSym(s: PSym): bool =
   result = s.kind == skGenericParam
   if not result and s.typ != nil:
     result = tfInferrableStatic in s.typ.flags or
-        (s.kind == skParam and s.typ.isMetaType) or
+        (s.kind == skParam and (s.typ.isMetaType or sfTemplateParam in s.flags)) or
         (s.kind == skType and
         s.typ.flags * {tfGenericTypeParam, tfImplicitTypeParam} != {})
 
@@ -651,7 +854,8 @@ proc hasUnresolvedArgs(c: PContext, n: PNode): bool =
     return isUnresolvedSym(n.sym)
   of nkIdent, nkAccQuoted:
     let ident = considerQuotedIdent(c, n)
-    let sym = searchInScopes(c, ident)
+    var amb = false
+    let sym = searchInScopes(c, ident, amb)
     if sym != nil:
       return isUnresolvedSym(sym)
     else:
@@ -661,7 +865,7 @@ proc hasUnresolvedArgs(c: PContext, n: PNode): bool =
       if hasUnresolvedArgs(c, n[i]): return true
     return false
 
-proc newHiddenAddrTaken(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
+proc newHiddenAddrTaken(c: PContext, n: PNode, isOutParam: bool): PNode =
   if n.kind == nkHiddenDeref and not (c.config.backend == backendCpp or
                                       sfCompileToCpp in c.module.flags):
     checkSonsLen(n, 1, c.config)
@@ -669,10 +873,18 @@ proc newHiddenAddrTaken(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
   else:
     result = newNodeIT(nkHiddenAddr, n.info, makeVarType(c, n.typ))
     result.add n
-    if isAssignable(c, n) notin {arLValue, arLocalLValue}:
-      localError(c.config, n.info, errVarForOutParamNeededX % renderNotLValue(n))
+    let aa = isAssignable(c, n)
+    let sym = getRoot(n)
+    if aa notin {arLValue, arLocalLValue}:
+      if aa == arDiscriminant and c.inUncheckedAssignSection > 0:
+        discard "allow access within a cast(unsafeAssign) section"
+      elif strictDefs in c.features and aa == arAddressableConst and
+              sym != nil and sym.kind == skLet and isOutParam:
+        discard "allow let varaibles to be passed to out parameters"
+      else:
+        localError(c.config, n.info, errVarForOutParamNeededX % renderNotLValue(n))
 
-proc analyseIfAddressTaken(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
+proc analyseIfAddressTaken(c: PContext, n: PNode, isOutParam: bool): PNode =
   result = n
   case n.kind
   of nkSym:
@@ -680,7 +892,7 @@ proc analyseIfAddressTaken(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
     if n.sym.typ != nil and
         skipTypes(n.sym.typ, abstractInst-{tyTypeDesc}).kind notin {tyVar, tyLent}:
       incl(n.sym.flags, sfAddrTaken)
-      result = newHiddenAddrTaken(c, n)
+      result = newHiddenAddrTaken(c, n, isOutParam)
   of nkDotExpr:
     checkSonsLen(n, 2, c.config)
     if n[1].kind != nkSym:
@@ -688,27 +900,35 @@ proc analyseIfAddressTaken(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
       return
     if skipTypes(n[1].sym.typ, abstractInst-{tyTypeDesc}).kind notin {tyVar, tyLent}:
       incl(n[1].sym.flags, sfAddrTaken)
-      result = newHiddenAddrTaken(c, n)
+      result = newHiddenAddrTaken(c, n, isOutParam)
   of nkBracketExpr:
     checkMinSonsLen(n, 1, c.config)
     if skipTypes(n[0].typ, abstractInst-{tyTypeDesc}).kind notin {tyVar, tyLent}:
       if n[0].kind == nkSym: incl(n[0].sym.flags, sfAddrTaken)
-      result = newHiddenAddrTaken(c, n)
+      result = newHiddenAddrTaken(c, n, isOutParam)
   else:
-    result = newHiddenAddrTaken(c, n)
+    result = newHiddenAddrTaken(c, n, isOutParam)
 
-proc analyseIfAddressTakenInCall(c: PContext, n: PNode) =
+proc analyseIfAddressTakenInCall(c: PContext, n: PNode, isConverter = false) =
   checkMinSonsLen(n, 1, c.config)
+  if n[0].typ == nil:
+    # n[0] might be erroring node in nimsuggest
+    return
   const
     FakeVarParams = {mNew, mNewFinalize, mInc, ast.mDec, mIncl, mExcl,
       mSetLengthStr, mSetLengthSeq, mAppendStrCh, mAppendStrStr, mSwap,
-      mAppendSeqElem, mNewSeq, mReset, mShallowCopy, mDeepCopy, mMove,
+      mAppendSeqElem, mNewSeq, mShallowCopy, mDeepCopy, mMove,
       mWasMoved}
 
+  template checkIfConverterCalled(c: PContext, n: PNode) =
+    ## Checks if there is a converter call which wouldn't be checked otherwise
+    # Call can sometimes be wrapped in a deref
+    let node = if n.kind == nkHiddenDeref: n[0] else: n
+    if node.kind == nkHiddenCallConv:
+      analyseIfAddressTakenInCall(c, node, true)
   # get the real type of the callee
   # it may be a proc var with a generic alias type, so we skip over them
   var t = n[0].typ.skipTypes({tyGenericInst, tyAlias, tySink})
-
   if n[0].kind == nkSym and n[0].sym.magic in FakeVarParams:
     # BUGFIX: check for L-Value still needs to be done for the arguments!
     # note sometimes this is eval'ed twice so we check for nkHiddenAddr here:
@@ -716,9 +936,15 @@ proc analyseIfAddressTakenInCall(c: PContext, n: PNode) =
       if i < t.len and t[i] != nil and
           skipTypes(t[i], abstractInst-{tyTypeDesc}).kind in {tyVar}:
         let it = n[i]
-        if isAssignable(c, it) notin {arLValue, arLocalLValue}:
+        let aa = isAssignable(c, it)
+        if aa notin {arLValue, arLocalLValue}:
           if it.kind != nkHiddenAddr:
-            localError(c.config, it.info, errVarForOutParamNeededX % $it)
+            if aa == arDiscriminant and c.inUncheckedAssignSection > 0:
+              discard "allow access within a cast(unsafeAssign) section"
+            else:
+              localError(c.config, it.info, errVarForOutParamNeededX % $it)
+        # Make sure to still check arguments for converters
+        c.checkIfConverterCalled(n[i])
     # bug #5113: disallow newSeq(result) where result is a 'var T':
     if n[0].sym.magic in {mNew, mNewFinalize, mNewSeq}:
       var arg = n[1] #.skipAddr
@@ -730,14 +956,13 @@ proc analyseIfAddressTakenInCall(c: PContext, n: PNode) =
     return
   for i in 1..<n.len:
     let n = if n.kind == nkHiddenDeref: n[0] else: n
-    if n[i].kind == nkHiddenCallConv:
-      # we need to recurse explicitly here as converters can create nested
-      # calls and then they wouldn't be analysed otherwise
-      analyseIfAddressTakenInCall(c, n[i])
+    c.checkIfConverterCalled(n[i])
     if i < t.len and
         skipTypes(t[i], abstractInst-{tyTypeDesc}).kind in {tyVar}:
-      if n[i].kind != nkHiddenAddr:
-        n[i] = analyseIfAddressTaken(c, n[i])
+      # Converters wrap var parameters in nkHiddenAddr but they haven't been analysed yet.
+      # So we need to make sure we are checking them still when in a converter call
+      if n[i].kind != nkHiddenAddr or isConverter:
+        n[i] = analyseIfAddressTaken(c, n[i].skipAddr(), isOutParam(skipTypes(t[i], abstractInst-{tyTypeDesc})))
 
 include semmagic
 
@@ -755,14 +980,14 @@ proc evalAtCompileTime(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
     call.add(n[0])
     var allConst = true
     for i in 1..<n.len:
-      var a = getConstExpr(c.module, n[i], c.graph)
+      var a = getConstExpr(c.module, n[i], c.idgen, c.graph)
       if a == nil:
         allConst = false
         a = n[i]
         if a.kind == nkHiddenStdConv: a = a[1]
       call.add(a)
     if allConst:
-      result = semfold.getConstExpr(c.module, call, c.graph)
+      result = semfold.getConstExpr(c.module, call, c.idgen, c.graph)
       if result.isNil: result = n
       else: return result
 
@@ -777,7 +1002,7 @@ proc evalAtCompileTime(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
         if n[i].typ.isNil or n[i].typ.kind != tyStatic or
             tfUnresolved notin n[i].typ.flags:
           break maybeLabelAsStatic
-      n.typ = newTypeWithSons(c, tyStatic, @[n.typ])
+      n.typ = newTypeS(tyStatic, c, n.typ)
       n.typ.flags.incl tfUnresolved
 
   # optimization pass: not necessary for correctness of the semantic pass
@@ -791,27 +1016,28 @@ proc evalAtCompileTime(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
 
     if callee.magic notin ctfeWhitelist: return
 
-    if callee.kind notin {skProc, skFunc, skConverter, skConst} or callee.isGenericRoutine:
+    if callee.kind notin {skProc, skFunc, skConverter, skConst} or
+        callee.isGenericRoutineStrict:
       return
 
-    if n.typ != nil and typeAllowed(n.typ, skConst) != nil: return
+    if n.typ != nil and typeAllowed(n.typ, skConst, c) != nil: return
 
     var call = newNodeIT(nkCall, n.info, n.typ)
     call.add(n[0])
     for i in 1..<n.len:
-      let a = getConstExpr(c.module, n[i], c.graph)
+      let a = getConstExpr(c.module, n[i], c.idgen, c.graph)
       if a == nil: return n
       call.add(a)
 
     #echo "NOW evaluating at compile time: ", call.renderTree
     if c.inStaticContext == 0 or sfNoSideEffect in callee.flags:
       if sfCompileTime in callee.flags:
-        result = evalStaticExpr(c.module, c.graph, call, c.p.owner)
+        result = evalStaticExpr(c.module, c.idgen, c.graph, call, c.p.owner)
         if result.isNil:
           localError(c.config, n.info, errCannotInterpretNodeX % renderTree(call))
         else: result = fixupTypeAfterEval(c, result, n)
       else:
-        result = evalConstExpr(c.module, c.graph, call)
+        result = evalConstExpr(c.module, c.idgen, c.graph, call)
         if result.isNil: result = n
         else: result = fixupTypeAfterEval(c, result, n)
     else:
@@ -819,14 +1045,14 @@ proc evalAtCompileTime(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
     #if result != n:
     #  echo "SUCCESS evaluated at compile time: ", call.renderTree
 
-proc semStaticExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
+proc semStaticExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode; expectedType: PType = nil): PNode =
   inc c.inStaticContext
   openScope(c)
-  let a = semExprWithType(c, n)
+  let a = semExprWithType(c, n, expectedType = expectedType)
   closeScope(c)
   dec c.inStaticContext
   if a.findUnresolvedStatic != nil: return a
-  result = evalStaticExpr(c.module, c.graph, a, c.p.owner)
+  result = evalStaticExpr(c.module, c.idgen, c.graph, a, c.p.owner)
   if result.isNil:
     localError(c.config, n.info, errCannotInterpretNodeX % renderTree(n))
     result = c.graph.emptyNode
@@ -834,108 +1060,146 @@ proc semStaticExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
     result = fixupTypeAfterEval(c, result, a)
 
 proc semOverloadedCallAnalyseEffects(c: PContext, n: PNode, nOrig: PNode,
-                                     flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
-  if flags*{efInTypeof, efWantIterator} != {}:
+                                     flags: TExprFlags; expectedType: PType = nil): PNode =
+  if flags*{efInTypeof, efWantIterator, efWantIterable} != {}:
     # consider: 'for x in pReturningArray()' --> we don't want the restriction
     # to 'skIterator' anymore; skIterator is preferred in sigmatch already
     # for typeof support.
-    # for ``type(countup(1,3))``, see ``tests/ttoseq``.
+    # for ``typeof(countup(1,3))``, see ``tests/ttoseq``.
     result = semOverloadedCall(c, n, nOrig,
-      {skProc, skFunc, skMethod, skConverter, skMacro, skTemplate, skIterator}, flags)
+      {skProc, skFunc, skMethod, skConverter, skMacro, skTemplate, skIterator}, flags, expectedType)
   else:
     result = semOverloadedCall(c, n, nOrig,
-      {skProc, skFunc, skMethod, skConverter, skMacro, skTemplate}, flags)
+      {skProc, skFunc, skMethod, skConverter, skMacro, skTemplate}, flags, expectedType)
 
   if result != nil:
     if result[0].kind != nkSym:
-      internalError(c.config, "semOverloadedCallAnalyseEffects")
+      if not (c.inGenericContext > 0): # see generic context check in semOverloadedCall
+        internalError(c.config, "semOverloadedCallAnalyseEffects")
       return
     let callee = result[0].sym
     case callee.kind
     of skMacro, skTemplate: discard
     else:
-      if callee.kind == skIterator and callee.id == c.p.owner.id:
+      if callee.kind == skIterator and callee.id == c.p.owner.id and
+          not isClosureIterator(c.p.owner.typ):
         localError(c.config, n.info, errRecursiveDependencyIteratorX % callee.name.s)
         # error correction, prevents endless for loop elimination in transf.
         # See bug #2051:
         result[0] = newSymNode(errorSym(c, n))
-
-proc semObjConstr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode
+      elif callee.kind == skIterator:
+        if efWantIterable in flags:
+          let typ = newTypeS(tyIterable, c)
+          rawAddSon(typ, result.typ)
+          result.typ = typ
 
 proc resolveIndirectCall(c: PContext; n, nOrig: PNode;
                          t: PType): TCandidate =
-  initCandidate(c, result, t)
+  result = initCandidate(c, t)
   matches(c, n, nOrig, result)
-  if result.state != csMatch:
-    # try to deref the first argument:
-    if implicitDeref in c.features and canDeref(n):
-      n[1] = n[1].tryDeref
-      initCandidate(c, result, t)
-      matches(c, n, nOrig, result)
-
-proc bracketedMacro(n: PNode): PSym =
-  if n.len >= 1 and n[0].kind == nkSym:
-    result = n[0].sym
-    if result.kind notin {skMacro, skTemplate}:
-      result = nil
 
-proc setGenericParams(c: PContext, n: PNode) =
-  for i in 1..<n.len:
-    n[i].typ = semTypeNode(c, n[i], nil)
+proc finishOperand(c: PContext, a: PNode): PNode =
+  if a.typ.isNil:
+    result = c.semOperand(c, a, {efDetermineType})
+  else:
+    result = a
+  # XXX tyGenericInst here?
+  if result.typ.kind == tyProc and hasUnresolvedParams(result, {efOperand}):
+    #and tfUnresolved in result.typ.flags:
+    let owner = result.typ.owner
+    let err =
+      # consistent error message with evaltempl/semMacroExpr
+      if owner != nil and owner.kind in {skTemplate, skMacro}:
+        errMissingGenericParamsForTemplate % a.renderTree
+      else:
+        errProcHasNoConcreteType % a.renderTree
+    localError(c.config, a.info, err)
+  considerGenSyms(c, result)
+
+proc semFinishOperands(c: PContext; n: PNode; isBracketExpr = false) =
+  # this needs to be called to ensure that after overloading resolution every
+  # argument has been sem'checked
+
+  # skip the first argument for operands of `[]` since it may be an unresolved
+  # generic proc, which is handled in semMagic
+  let start = 1 + ord(isBracketExpr)
+  for i in start..<n.len:
+    n[i] = finishOperand(c, n[i])
+
+proc afterCallActions(c: PContext; n, orig: PNode, flags: TExprFlags; expectedType: PType = nil): PNode =
+  if efNoSemCheck notin flags and n.typ != nil and n.typ.kind == tyError:
+    return errorNode(c, n)
+  if n.typ != nil and n.typ.kind == tyFromExpr and c.inGenericContext > 0:
+    return n
 
-proc afterCallActions(c: PContext; n, orig: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
   result = n
+
+  when defined(nimsuggest):
+    if c.config.expandProgress:
+      if c.config.expandLevels == 0:
+        return n
+      else:
+        c.config.expandLevels -= 1
+
   let callee = result[0].sym
   case callee.kind
-  of skMacro: result = semMacroExpr(c, result, orig, callee, flags)
-  of skTemplate: result = semTemplateExpr(c, result, callee, flags)
+  of skMacro: result = semMacroExpr(c, result, orig, callee, flags, expectedType)
+  of skTemplate: result = semTemplateExpr(c, result, callee, flags, expectedType)
   else:
-    semFinishOperands(c, result)
+    semFinishOperands(c, result, isBracketExpr = callee.magic in {mArrGet, mArrPut})
     activate(c, result)
     fixAbstractType(c, result)
     analyseIfAddressTakenInCall(c, result)
     if callee.magic != mNone:
-      result = magicsAfterOverloadResolution(c, result, flags)
+      result = magicsAfterOverloadResolution(c, result, flags, expectedType)
     when false:
       if result.typ != nil and
-          not (result.typ.kind == tySequence and result.typ[0].kind == tyEmpty):
+          not (result.typ.kind == tySequence and result.elementType.kind == tyEmpty):
         liftTypeBoundOps(c, result.typ, n.info)
     #result = patchResolvedTypeBoundOp(c, result)
-  if c.matchedConcept == nil:
+  if c.matchedConcept == nil and (c.inTypeofContext == 0 or callee.magic != mNone):
+    # don't fold calls in concepts and typeof
     result = evalAtCompileTime(c, result)
 
-proc semIndirectOp(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
+proc semIndirectOp(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags; expectedType: PType = nil): PNode =
   result = nil
   checkMinSonsLen(n, 1, c.config)
   var prc = n[0]
   if n[0].kind == nkDotExpr:
     checkSonsLen(n[0], 2, c.config)
-    let n0 = semFieldAccess(c, n[0])
+    let n0 = semFieldAccess(c, n[0], {efIsDotCall})
     if n0.kind == nkDotCall:
       # it is a static call!
       result = n0
       result.transitionSonsKind(nkCall)
       result.flags.incl nfExplicitCall
       for i in 1..<n.len: result.add n[i]
-      return semExpr(c, result, flags)
+      return semExpr(c, result, flags, expectedType)
+    elif n0.typ.kind == tyFromExpr and c.inGenericContext > 0:
+      # don't make assumptions, entire expression needs to be tyFromExpr
+      result = semGenericStmt(c, n)
+      result.typ = makeTypeFromExpr(c, result.copyTree)
+      return
     else:
       n[0] = n0
   else:
-    n[0] = semExpr(c, n[0], {efInCall})
+    n[0] = semExpr(c, n[0], {efInCall, efAllowSymChoice})
     let t = n[0].typ
     if t != nil and t.kind in {tyVar, tyLent}:
       n[0] = newDeref(n[0])
-    elif n[0].kind == nkBracketExpr:
-      let s = bracketedMacro(n[0])
-      if s != nil:
-        setGenericParams(c, n[0])
-        return semDirectOp(c, n, flags)
+    elif isSymChoice(n[0]) and nfDotField notin n.flags:
+      # overloaded generic procs e.g. newSeq[int] can end up here
+      return semDirectOp(c, n, flags, expectedType)
 
-  let nOrig = n.copyTree
-  semOpAux(c, n)
   var t: PType = nil
   if n[0].typ != nil:
     t = skipTypes(n[0].typ, abstractInst+{tyOwned}-{tyTypeDesc, tyDistinct})
+  if t != nil and t.kind == tyTypeDesc:
+    if n.len == 1: return semObjConstr(c, n, flags, expectedType)
+    return semConv(c, n, flags)
+
+  let nOrig = n.copyTree
+  semOpAux(c, n)
   if t != nil and t.kind == tyProc:
     # This is a proc variable, apply normal overload resolution
     let m = resolveIndirectCall(c, n, nOrig, t)
@@ -955,23 +1219,29 @@ proc semIndirectOp(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
             hasErrorType = true
             break
         if not hasErrorType:
-          msg.add(">\nbut expected one of: \n" &
-              typeToString(n[0].typ))
+          let typ = n[0].typ
+          msg.add(">\nbut expected one of:\n" &
+              typeToString(typ))
+          # prefer notin preferToResolveSymbols
+          # t.sym != nil
+          # sfAnon notin t.sym.flags
+          # t.kind != tySequence(It is tyProc)
+          if typ.sym != nil and sfAnon notin typ.sym.flags and
+                                typ.kind == tyProc:
+            # when can `typ.sym != nil` ever happen?
+            msg.add(" = " & typeToString(typ, preferDesc))
+          msg.addDeclaredLocMaybe(c.config, typ)
           localError(c.config, n.info, msg)
         return errorNode(c, n)
-      result = nil
     else:
       result = m.call
       instGenericConvertersSons(c, result, m)
 
-  elif t != nil and t.kind == tyTypeDesc:
-    if n.len == 1: return semObjConstr(c, n, flags)
-    return semConv(c, n)
   else:
-    result = overloadedCallOpr(c, n)
+    result = overloadedCallOpr(c, n) # this uses efNoUndeclared
     # Now that nkSym does not imply an iteration over the proc/iterator space,
     # the old ``prc`` (which is likely an nkIdent) has to be restored:
-    if result == nil:
+    if result == nil or result.kind == nkEmpty:
       # XXX: hmm, what kind of symbols will end up here?
       # do we really need to try the overload resolution?
       n[0] = prc
@@ -985,29 +1255,29 @@ proc semIndirectOp(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
       return result
   #result = afterCallActions(c, result, nOrig, flags)
   if result[0].kind == nkSym:
-    result = afterCallActions(c, result, nOrig, flags)
+    result = afterCallActions(c, result, nOrig, flags, expectedType)
   else:
     fixAbstractType(c, result)
     analyseIfAddressTakenInCall(c, result)
 
-proc semDirectOp(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
+proc semDirectOp(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags; expectedType: PType = nil): PNode =
   # this seems to be a hotspot in the compiler!
   let nOrig = n.copyTree
   #semLazyOpAux(c, n)
-  result = semOverloadedCallAnalyseEffects(c, n, nOrig, flags)
-  if result != nil: result = afterCallActions(c, result, nOrig, flags)
+  result = semOverloadedCallAnalyseEffects(c, n, nOrig, flags, expectedType)
+  if result != nil: result = afterCallActions(c, result, nOrig, flags, expectedType)
   else: result = errorNode(c, n)
 
 proc buildEchoStmt(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
   # we MUST not check 'n' for semantics again here! But for now we give up:
   result = newNodeI(nkCall, n.info)
-  var e = strTableGet(c.graph.systemModule.tab, getIdent(c.cache, "echo"))
+  let e = systemModuleSym(c.graph, getIdent(c.cache, "echo"))
   if e != nil:
     result.add(newSymNode(e))
   else:
-    localError(c.config, n.info, "system needs: echo")
-    result.add(errorNode(c, n))
+    result.add localErrorNode(c, n, "system needs: echo")
   result.add(n)
+  result.add(newStrNode(nkStrLit, ": " & n.typ.typeToString))
   result = semExpr(c, result)
 
 proc semExprNoType(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
@@ -1059,7 +1329,7 @@ proc lookupInRecordAndBuildCheck(c: PContext, n, r: PNode, field: PIdent,
           s = newNodeIT(nkCurly, n.info, setType)
           for j in 0..<it.len - 1: s.add copyTree(it[j])
           var inExpr = newNodeIT(nkCall, n.info, getSysType(c.graph, n.info, tyBool))
-          inExpr.add newSymNode(c.graph.opContains, n.info)
+          inExpr.add newSymNode(getSysMagic(c.graph, n.info, "contains", mInSet), n.info)
           inExpr.add s
           inExpr.add copyTree(r[0])
           check.add inExpr
@@ -1072,11 +1342,11 @@ proc lookupInRecordAndBuildCheck(c: PContext, n, r: PNode, field: PIdent,
             check = newNodeI(nkCheckedFieldExpr, n.info)
             check.add c.graph.emptyNode # make space for access node
           var inExpr = newNodeIT(nkCall, n.info, getSysType(c.graph, n.info, tyBool))
-          inExpr.add newSymNode(c.graph.opContains, n.info)
+          inExpr.add newSymNode(getSysMagic(c.graph, n.info, "contains", mInSet), n.info)
           inExpr.add s
           inExpr.add copyTree(r[0])
           var notExpr = newNodeIT(nkCall, n.info, getSysType(c.graph, n.info, tyBool))
-          notExpr.add newSymNode(c.graph.opNot, n.info)
+          notExpr.add newSymNode(getSysMagic(c.graph, n.info, "not", mNot), n.info)
           notExpr.add inExpr
           check.add notExpr
           return
@@ -1105,7 +1375,7 @@ proc readTypeParameter(c: PContext, typ: PType,
             # This seems semantically correct and then we'll be able
             # to return the section symbol directly here
             let foundType = makeTypeDesc(c, def[2].typ)
-            return newSymNode(copySym(def[0].sym).linkTo(foundType), info)
+            return newSymNode(copySym(def[0].sym, c.idgen).linkTo(foundType), info)
 
       of nkConstSection:
         for def in statement:
@@ -1116,7 +1386,7 @@ proc readTypeParameter(c: PContext, typ: PType,
         discard
 
   if typ.kind != tyUserTypeClass:
-    let ty = if typ.kind == tyCompositeTypeClass: typ[1].skipGenericAlias
+    let ty = if typ.kind == tyCompositeTypeClass: typ.firstGenericParam.skipGenericAlias
              else: typ.skipGenericAlias
     let tbody = ty[0]
     for s in 0..<tbody.len-1:
@@ -1130,19 +1400,22 @@ proc readTypeParameter(c: PContext, typ: PType,
             return c.graph.emptyNode
         else:
           let foundTyp = makeTypeDesc(c, rawTyp)
-          return newSymNode(copySym(tParam.sym).linkTo(foundTyp), info)
+          return newSymNode(copySym(tParam.sym, c.idgen).linkTo(foundTyp), info)
 
   return nil
 
 proc semSym(c: PContext, n: PNode, sym: PSym, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
+  result = nil
+  assert n.kind in nkIdentKinds + {nkDotExpr}
   let s = getGenSym(c, sym)
   case s.kind
   of skConst:
-    markUsed(c, n.info, s)
+    if n.kind != nkDotExpr: # dotExpr is already checked by builtinFieldAccess
+      markUsed(c, n.info, s)
     onUse(n.info, s)
     let typ = skipTypes(s.typ, abstractInst-{tyTypeDesc})
     case typ.kind
-    of  tyNil, tyChar, tyInt..tyInt64, tyFloat..tyFloat128,
+    of tyNil, tyChar, tyInt..tyInt64, tyFloat..tyFloat128,
         tyTuple, tySet, tyUInt..tyUInt64:
       if s.magic == mNone: result = inlineConst(c, n, s)
       else: result = newSymNode(s, n.info)
@@ -1157,7 +1430,7 @@ proc semSym(c: PContext, n: PNode, sym: PSym, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
       # It is clear that ``[]`` means two totally different things. Thus, we
       # copy `x`'s AST into each context, so that the type fixup phase can
       # deal with two different ``[]``.
-      if s.ast.safeLen == 0: result = inlineConst(c, n, s)
+      if s.astdef.safeLen == 0: result = inlineConst(c, n, s)
       else: result = newSymNode(s, n.info)
     of tyStatic:
       if typ.n != nil:
@@ -1167,24 +1440,18 @@ proc semSym(c: PContext, n: PNode, sym: PSym, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
         result = newSymNode(s, n.info)
     else:
       result = newSymNode(s, n.info)
-  of skMacro:
-    if efNoEvaluateGeneric in flags and s.ast[genericParamsPos].len > 0 or
-       (n.kind notin nkCallKinds and s.requiredParams > 0):
-      markUsed(c, n.info, s)
-      onUse(n.info, s)
-      result = symChoice(c, n, s, scClosed)
-    else:
-      result = semMacroExpr(c, n, n, s, flags)
-  of skTemplate:
-    if efNoEvaluateGeneric in flags and s.ast[genericParamsPos].len > 0 or
-       (n.kind notin nkCallKinds and s.requiredParams > 0) or
-       sfCustomPragma in sym.flags:
+  of skMacro, skTemplate:
+    # check if we cannot use alias syntax (no required args or generic params)
+    if sfNoalias in s.flags:
       let info = getCallLineInfo(n)
       markUsed(c, info, s)
       onUse(info, s)
       result = symChoice(c, n, s, scClosed)
     else:
-      result = semTemplateExpr(c, n, s, flags)
+      case s.kind
+      of skMacro: result = semMacroExpr(c, n, n, s, flags)
+      of skTemplate: result = semTemplateExpr(c, n, s, flags)
+      else: discard # unreachable
   of skParam:
     markUsed(c, n.info, s)
     onUse(n.info, s)
@@ -1194,29 +1461,22 @@ proc semSym(c: PContext, n: PNode, sym: PSym, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
     elif sfGenSym in s.flags:
       # the owner should have been set by now by addParamOrResult
       internalAssert c.config, s.owner != nil
-      if c.p.wasForwarded:
-        # gensym'ed parameters that nevertheless have been forward declared
-        # need a special fixup:
-        let realParam = c.p.owner.typ.n[s.position+1]
-        internalAssert c.config, realParam.kind == nkSym and realParam.sym.kind == skParam
-        return newSymNode(c.p.owner.typ.n[s.position+1].sym, n.info)
-      elif c.p.owner.kind == skMacro:
-        # gensym'ed macro parameters need a similar hack (see bug #1944):
-        var u = searchInScopes(c, s.name)
-        internalAssert c.config, u != nil and u.kind == skParam and u.owner == s.owner
-        return newSymNode(u, n.info)
     result = newSymNode(s, n.info)
   of skVar, skLet, skResult, skForVar:
     if s.magic == mNimvm:
       localError(c.config, n.info, "illegal context for 'nimvm' magic")
 
-    markUsed(c, n.info, s)
+    if n.kind != nkDotExpr: # dotExpr is already checked by builtinFieldAccess
+      markUsed(c, n.info, s)
     onUse(n.info, s)
     result = newSymNode(s, n.info)
     # We cannot check for access to outer vars for example because it's still
     # not sure the symbol really ends up being used:
     # var len = 0 # but won't be called
     # genericThatUsesLen(x) # marked as taking a closure?
+    if hasWarn(c.config, warnResultUsed):
+      message(c.config, n.info, warnResultUsed)
+
   of skGenericParam:
     onUse(n.info, s)
     if s.typ.kind == tyStatic:
@@ -1228,44 +1488,24 @@ proc semSym(c: PContext, n: PNode, sym: PSym, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
       n.typ = s.typ
       return n
   of skType:
-    markUsed(c, n.info, s)
+    if n.kind != nkDotExpr: # dotExpr is already checked by builtinFieldAccess
+      markUsed(c, n.info, s)
     onUse(n.info, s)
     if s.typ.kind == tyStatic and s.typ.base.kind != tyNone and s.typ.n != nil:
       return s.typ.n
     result = newSymNode(s, n.info)
     result.typ = makeTypeDesc(c, s.typ)
   of skField:
-    var p = c.p
-    while p != nil and p.selfSym == nil:
-      p = p.next
-    if p != nil and p.selfSym != nil:
-      var ty = skipTypes(p.selfSym.typ, {tyGenericInst, tyVar, tyLent, tyPtr, tyRef,
-                                         tyAlias, tySink, tyOwned})
-      while tfBorrowDot in ty.flags: ty = ty.skipTypes({tyDistinct})
-      var check: PNode = nil
-      if ty.kind == tyObject:
-        while true:
-          check = nil
-          let f = lookupInRecordAndBuildCheck(c, n, ty.n, s.name, check)
-          if f != nil and fieldVisible(c, f):
-            # is the access to a public field or in the same module or in a friend?
-            doAssert f == s
-            markUsed(c, n.info, f)
-            onUse(n.info, f)
-            result = newNodeIT(nkDotExpr, n.info, f.typ)
-            result.add makeDeref(newSymNode(p.selfSym))
-            result.add newSymNode(f) # we now have the correct field
-            if check != nil:
-              check[0] = result
-              check.typ = result.typ
-              result = check
-            return result
-          if ty[0] == nil: break
-          ty = skipTypes(ty[0], skipPtrs)
     # old code, not sure if it's live code:
     markUsed(c, n.info, s)
     onUse(n.info, s)
     result = newSymNode(s, n.info)
+  of skModule:
+    # make sure type is None and not nil for discard checking
+    if efWantStmt in flags: s.typ = newTypeS(tyNone, c)
+    markUsed(c, n.info, s)
+    onUse(n.info, s)
+    result = newSymNode(s, n.info)
   else:
     let info = getCallLineInfo(n)
     #if efInCall notin flags:
@@ -1275,24 +1515,39 @@ proc semSym(c: PContext, n: PNode, sym: PSym, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
 
 proc tryReadingGenericParam(c: PContext, n: PNode, i: PIdent, t: PType): PNode =
   case t.kind
-  of tyTypeParamsHolders:
+  of tyGenericInst:
     result = readTypeParameter(c, t, i, n.info)
     if result == c.graph.emptyNode:
-      result = n
-      n.typ = makeTypeFromExpr(c, n.copyTree)
+      if c.inGenericContext > 0:
+        result = semGenericStmt(c, n)
+        result.typ = makeTypeFromExpr(c, result.copyTree)
+      else:
+        result = nil
   of tyUserTypeClasses:
     if t.isResolvedUserTypeClass:
       result = readTypeParameter(c, t, i, n.info)
+    elif c.inGenericContext > 0:
+      result = semGenericStmt(c, n)
+      result.typ = makeTypeFromExpr(c, copyTree(result))
     else:
-      n.typ = makeTypeFromExpr(c, copyTree(n))
-      result = n
-  of tyGenericParam, tyAnything:
-    n.typ = makeTypeFromExpr(c, copyTree(n))
-    result = n
+      result = nil
+  of tyGenericBody, tyCompositeTypeClass:
+    if c.inGenericContext > 0:
+      result = readTypeParameter(c, t, i, n.info)
+      if result != nil:
+        # generic parameter exists, stop here but delay until instantiation
+        result = semGenericStmt(c, n)
+        result.typ = makeTypeFromExpr(c, copyTree(result))
+    else:
+      result = nil
+  elif c.inGenericContext > 0 and t.containsUnresolvedType:
+    result = semGenericStmt(c, n)
+    result.typ = makeTypeFromExpr(c, copyTree(result))
   else:
-    discard
+    result = nil
 
 proc tryReadingTypeField(c: PContext, n: PNode, i: PIdent, ty: PType): PNode =
+  result = nil
   var ty = ty.skipTypes(tyDotOpTransparent)
   case ty.kind
   of tyEnum:
@@ -1301,7 +1556,7 @@ proc tryReadingTypeField(c: PContext, n: PNode, i: PIdent, ty: PType): PNode =
     while ty != nil:
       f = getSymFromList(ty.n, i)
       if f != nil: break
-      ty = ty.sons[0]         # enum inheritance
+      ty = ty[0]         # enum inheritance
     if f != nil:
       result = newSymNode(f)
       result.info = n.info
@@ -1315,13 +1570,13 @@ proc tryReadingTypeField(c: PContext, n: PNode, i: PIdent, ty: PType): PNode =
         n.typ = makeTypeDesc(c, field.typ)
         result = n
   of tyGenericInst:
-    result = tryReadingTypeField(c, n, i, ty.lastSon)
+    result = tryReadingTypeField(c, n, i, ty.skipModifier)
     if result == nil:
       result = tryReadingGenericParam(c, n, i, ty)
   else:
     result = tryReadingGenericParam(c, n, i, ty)
 
-proc builtinFieldAccess(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
+proc builtinFieldAccess(c: PContext; n: PNode; flags: var TExprFlags): PNode =
   ## returns nil if it's not a built-in field access
   checkSonsLen(n, 2, c.config)
   # tests/bind/tbindoverload.nim wants an early exit here, but seems to
@@ -1344,7 +1599,8 @@ proc builtinFieldAccess(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
     onUse(n[1].info, s)
     return
 
-  n[0] = semExprWithType(c, n[0], flags+{efDetermineType})
+  # extra flags since LHS may become a call operand:
+  n[0] = semExprWithType(c, n[0], flags+{efDetermineType, efWantIterable, efAllowSymChoice})
   #restoreOldStyleType(n[0])
   var i = considerQuotedIdent(c, n[1], n)
   var ty = n[0].typ
@@ -1359,18 +1615,24 @@ proc builtinFieldAccess(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
       # field access and we leave the compiler to compile a normal call:
       if getCurrOwner(c).kind != skMacro:
         n.typ = makeTypeFromExpr(c, n.copyTree)
+        flags.incl efCannotBeDotCall
         return n
       else:
         return nil
     else:
+      flags.incl efCannotBeDotCall
       return tryReadingTypeField(c, n, i, ty.base)
   elif isTypeExpr(n.sons[0]):
+    flags.incl efCannotBeDotCall
     return tryReadingTypeField(c, n, i, ty)
+  elif ty.kind == tyError:
+    # a type error doesn't have any builtin fields
+    return nil
 
   if ty.kind in tyUserTypeClasses and ty.isResolvedUserTypeClass:
-    ty = ty.lastSon
-  ty = skipTypes(ty, {tyGenericInst, tyVar, tyLent, tyPtr, tyRef, tyOwned, tyAlias, tySink})
-  while tfBorrowDot in ty.flags: ty = ty.skipTypes({tyDistinct})
+    ty = ty.last
+  ty = skipTypes(ty, {tyGenericInst, tyVar, tyLent, tyPtr, tyRef, tyOwned, tyAlias, tySink, tyStatic})
+  while tfBorrowDot in ty.flags: ty = ty.skipTypes({tyDistinct, tyGenericInst, tyAlias})
   var check: PNode = nil
   if ty.kind == tyObject:
     while true:
@@ -1388,8 +1650,10 @@ proc builtinFieldAccess(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
         # is the access to a public field or in the same module or in a friend?
         markUsed(c, n[1].info, f)
         onUse(n[1].info, f)
+        let info = n[1].info
         n[0] = makeDeref(n[0])
         n[1] = newSymNode(f) # we now have the correct field
+        n[1].info = info # preserve the original info
         n.typ = f.typ
         if check == nil:
           result = n
@@ -1411,9 +1675,12 @@ proc builtinFieldAccess(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
   if result == nil:
     let t = n[0].typ.skipTypes(tyDotOpTransparent)
     result = tryReadingGenericParam(c, n, i, t)
+    flags.incl efCannotBeDotCall
 
 proc dotTransformation(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
-  if isSymChoice(n[1]):
+  if isSymChoice(n[1]) or
+      # generics usually leave field names as symchoices, but not types
+      (n[1].kind == nkSym and n[1].sym.kind == skType):
     result = newNodeI(nkDotCall, n.info)
     result.add n[1]
     result.add copyTree(n[0])
@@ -1427,8 +1694,11 @@ proc dotTransformation(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
 proc semFieldAccess(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
   # this is difficult, because the '.' is used in many different contexts
   # in Nim. We first allow types in the semantic checking.
-  result = builtinFieldAccess(c, n, flags)
-  if result == nil:
+  var f = flags - {efIsDotCall}
+  result = builtinFieldAccess(c, n, f)
+  if result == nil or ((result.typ == nil or result.typ.skipTypes(abstractInst).kind != tyProc) and
+      efIsDotCall in flags and callOperator notin c.features and
+      efCannotBeDotCall notin f):
     result = dotTransformation(c, n)
 
 proc buildOverloadedSubscripts(n: PNode, ident: PIdent): PNode =
@@ -1436,29 +1706,59 @@ proc buildOverloadedSubscripts(n: PNode, ident: PIdent): PNode =
   result.add(newIdentNode(ident, n.info))
   for s in n: result.add s
 
-proc semDeref(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
+proc semDeref(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
   checkSonsLen(n, 1, c.config)
   n[0] = semExprWithType(c, n[0])
+  let a = getConstExpr(c.module, n[0], c.idgen, c.graph)
+  if a != nil:
+    if a.kind == nkNilLit and efInTypeof notin flags:
+      localError(c.config, n.info, "nil dereference is not allowed")
+    n[0] = a
   result = n
   var t = skipTypes(n[0].typ, {tyGenericInst, tyVar, tyLent, tyAlias, tySink, tyOwned})
   case t.kind
-  of tyRef, tyPtr: n.typ = t.lastSon
+  of tyRef, tyPtr: n.typ = t.elementType
+  of tyMetaTypes, tyFromExpr:
+    n.typ = makeTypeFromExpr(c, n.copyTree)
   else: result = nil
   #GlobalError(n[0].info, errCircumNeedsPointer)
 
+proc maybeInstantiateGeneric(c: PContext, n: PNode, s: PSym): PNode =
+  ## Instantiates generic if not lacking implicit generics,
+  ## otherwise returns n.
+  let
+    neededGenParams = s.ast[genericParamsPos].len
+    heldGenParams = n.len - 1
+  var implicitParams = 0
+  for x in s.ast[genericParamsPos]:
+    if tfImplicitTypeParam in x.typ.flags:
+      inc implicitParams
+  if heldGenParams != neededGenParams and implicitParams + heldGenParams == neededGenParams:
+    # This is an implicit + explicit generic procedure without all args passed,
+    # kicking back the sem'd symbol fixes #17212
+    # Uncertain the hackiness of this solution.
+    result = n
+  else:
+    result = explicitGenericInstantiation(c, n, s)
+    if result == n:
+      n[0] = copyTree(result[0])
+
 proc semSubscript(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
   ## returns nil if not a built-in subscript operator; also called for the
   ## checking of assignments
+  result = nil
   if n.len == 1:
-    let x = semDeref(c, n)
+    let x = semDeref(c, n, flags)
     if x == nil: return nil
+    if x.typ.kind == tyFromExpr:
+      # depends on generic type
+      return x
     result = newNodeIT(nkDerefExpr, x.info, x.typ)
     result.add(x[0])
     return
   checkMinSonsLen(n, 2, c.config)
-  # make sure we don't evaluate generic macros/templates
-  n[0] = semExprWithType(c, n[0],
-                              {efNoEvaluateGeneric})
+  # signal that generic parameters may be applied after
+  n[0] = semExprWithType(c, n[0], {efNoEvaluateGeneric, efAllowSymChoice})
   var arr = skipTypes(n[0].typ, {tyGenericInst, tyUserTypeClassInst, tyOwned,
                                       tyVar, tyLent, tyPtr, tyRef, tyAlias, tySink})
   if arr.kind == tyStatic:
@@ -1472,7 +1772,7 @@ proc semSubscript(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
       arr = arr.base
 
   case arr.kind
-  of tyArray, tyOpenArray, tyVarargs, tySequence, tyString, tyCString,
+  of tyArray, tyOpenArray, tyVarargs, tySequence, tyString, tyCstring,
     tyUncheckedArray:
     if n.len != 2: return nil
     n[0] = makeDeref(n[0])
@@ -1508,24 +1808,23 @@ proc semSubscript(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
         {tyInt..tyInt64}:
       let idx = getOrdValue(n[1])
       if idx >= 0 and idx < arr.len: n.typ = arr[toInt(idx)]
-      else: localError(c.config, n.info, "invalid index value for tuple subscript")
+      else:
+        localError(c.config, n.info,
+          "invalid index $1 in subscript for tuple of length $2" %
+            [$idx, $arr.len])
       result = n
     else:
       result = nil
   else:
     let s = if n[0].kind == nkSym: n[0].sym
-            elif n[0].kind in nkSymChoices: n[0][0].sym
+            elif n[0].kind in nkSymChoices + {nkOpenSym}: n[0][0].sym
             else: nil
     if s != nil:
       case s.kind
       of skProc, skFunc, skMethod, skConverter, skIterator:
         # type parameters: partial generic specialization
         n[0] = semSymGenericInstantiation(c, n[0], s)
-        result = explicitGenericInstantiation(c, n, s)
-        if result == n:
-          n[0] = copyTree(result)
-        else:
-          n[0] = result
+        result = maybeInstantiateGeneric(c, n, s)
       of skMacro, skTemplate:
         if efInCall in flags:
           # We are processing macroOrTmpl[] in macroOrTmpl[](...) call.
@@ -1545,11 +1844,11 @@ proc semSubscript(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
       else:
         discard
 
-proc semArrayAccess(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
+proc semArrayAccess(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags; expectedType: PType = nil): PNode =
   result = semSubscript(c, n, flags)
   if result == nil:
     # overloaded [] operator:
-    result = semExpr(c, buildOverloadedSubscripts(n, getIdent(c.cache, "[]")))
+    result = semExpr(c, buildOverloadedSubscripts(n, getIdent(c.cache, "[]")), flags, expectedType)
 
 proc propertyWriteAccess(c: PContext, n, nOrig, a: PNode): PNode =
   var id = considerQuotedIdent(c, a[1], a)
@@ -1558,10 +1857,9 @@ proc propertyWriteAccess(c: PContext, n, nOrig, a: PNode): PNode =
   # this is ugly. XXX Semantic checking should use the ``nfSem`` flag for
   # nodes?
   let aOrig = nOrig[0]
-  result = newNode(nkCall, n.info, sons = @[setterId, a[0],
-                                            semExprWithType(c, n[1])])
+  result = newTreeI(nkCall, n.info, setterId, a[0], n[1])
   result.flags.incl nfDotSetter
-  let orig = newNode(nkCall, n.info, sons = @[setterId, aOrig[0], nOrig[1]])
+  let orig = newTreeI(nkCall, n.info, setterId, aOrig[0], nOrig[1])
   result = semOverloadedCallAnalyseEffects(c, result, orig, {})
 
   if result != nil:
@@ -1591,23 +1889,30 @@ proc takeImplicitAddr(c: PContext, n: PNode; isLent: bool): PNode =
     # `proc fun(a: var int): var int = a`
     discard
   else: discard
-  let valid = isAssignable(c, n, isLent)
+  let valid = isAssignable(c, n)
   if valid != arLValue:
-    if valid == arLocalLValue:
+    if valid in {arAddressableConst, arLentValue} and isLent:
+      discard "ok"
+    elif valid == arLocalLValue:
       localError(c.config, n.info, errXStackEscape % renderTree(n, {renderNoComments}))
     else:
       localError(c.config, n.info, errExprHasNoAddress)
-  result = newNodeIT(nkHiddenAddr, n.info, makePtrType(c, n.typ))
+  result = newNodeIT(nkHiddenAddr, n.info, if n.typ.kind in {tyVar, tyLent}: n.typ else: makePtrType(c, n.typ))
+  if n.typ.kind in {tyVar, tyLent}:
+    n.typ = n.typ.elementType
   result.add(n)
 
 proc asgnToResultVar(c: PContext, n, le, ri: PNode) {.inline.} =
   if le.kind == nkHiddenDeref:
     var x = le[0]
-    if x.typ.kind in {tyVar, tyLent} and x.kind == nkSym and x.sym.kind == skResult:
-      n[0] = x # 'result[]' --> 'result'
-      n[1] = takeImplicitAddr(c, ri, x.typ.kind == tyLent)
-      x.typ.flags.incl tfVarIsPtr
-      #echo x.info, " setting it for this type ", typeToString(x.typ), " ", n.info
+    if x.kind == nkSym:
+      if x.sym.kind == skResult and (x.typ.kind in {tyVar, tyLent} or classifyViewType(x.typ) != noView):
+        n[0] = x # 'result[]' --> 'result'
+        n[1] = takeImplicitAddr(c, ri, x.typ.kind == tyLent)
+        x.typ.flags.incl tfVarIsPtr
+        #echo x.info, " setting it for this type ", typeToString(x.typ), " ", n.info
+      elif sfGlobal in x.sym.flags:
+        x.typ.flags.incl tfVarIsPtr
 
 proc borrowCheck(c: PContext, n, le, ri: PNode) =
   const
@@ -1661,6 +1966,39 @@ proc goodLineInfo(arg: PNode): TLineInfo =
   else:
     arg.info
 
+proc makeTupleAssignments(c: PContext; n: PNode): PNode =
+  ## expand tuple unpacking assignment into series of assignments
+  ##
+  ## mirrored with semstmts.makeVarTupleSection
+  let lhs = n[0]
+  let value = semExprWithType(c, n[1], {efTypeAllowed})
+  if value.typ.kind != tyTuple:
+    localError(c.config, n[1].info, errTupleUnpackingTupleExpected %
+      [typeToString(value.typ, preferDesc)])
+  elif lhs.len != value.typ.len:
+    localError(c.config, n.info, errTupleUnpackingDifferentLengths %
+      [$lhs.len, typeToString(value.typ, preferDesc), $value.typ.len])
+  result = newNodeI(nkStmtList, n.info)
+
+  let temp = newSym(skTemp, getIdent(c.cache, "tmpTupleAsgn"), c.idgen, getCurrOwner(c), n.info)
+  temp.typ = value.typ
+  temp.flags.incl(sfGenSym)
+  var v = newNodeI(nkLetSection, value.info)
+  let tempNode = newSymNode(temp) #newIdentNode(getIdent(genPrefix & $temp.id), value.info)
+  var vpart = newNodeI(nkIdentDefs, v.info, 3)
+  vpart[0] = tempNode
+  vpart[1] = c.graph.emptyNode
+  vpart[2] = value
+  v.add vpart
+  result.add(v)
+
+  for i in 0..<lhs.len:
+    if lhs[i].kind == nkIdent and lhs[i].ident.id == ord(wUnderscore):
+      # skip _ assignments if we are using a temp as they are already evaluated
+      discard
+    else:
+      result.add newAsgnStmt(lhs[i], newTupleAccessRaw(tempNode, i))
+
 proc semAsgn(c: PContext, n: PNode; mode=asgnNormal): PNode =
   checkSonsLen(n, 2, c.config)
   var a = n[0]
@@ -1669,7 +2007,8 @@ proc semAsgn(c: PContext, n: PNode; mode=asgnNormal): PNode =
     # r.f = x
     # --> `f=` (r, x)
     let nOrig = n.copyTree
-    a = builtinFieldAccess(c, a, {efLValue})
+    var flags = {efLValue}
+    a = builtinFieldAccess(c, a, flags)
     if a == nil:
       a = propertyWriteAccess(c, n, nOrig, n[0])
       if a != nil: return a
@@ -1687,8 +2026,8 @@ proc semAsgn(c: PContext, n: PNode; mode=asgnNormal): PNode =
       result = buildOverloadedSubscripts(n[0], getIdent(c.cache, "[]="))
       result.add(n[1])
       if mode == noOverloadedSubscript:
-        bracketNotFoundError(c, result)
-        return n
+        bracketNotFoundError(c, result, {})
+        return errorNode(c, n)
       else:
         result = semExprNoType(c, result)
         return result
@@ -1698,11 +2037,11 @@ proc semAsgn(c: PContext, n: PNode; mode=asgnNormal): PNode =
     result.add(n[1])
     return semExprNoType(c, result)
   of nkPar, nkTupleConstr:
-    if a.len >= 2:
+    if a.len >= 2 or a.kind == nkTupleConstr:
       # unfortunately we need to rewrite ``(x, y) = foo()`` already here so
       # that overloading of the assignment operator still works. Usually we
       # prefer to do these rewritings in transf.nim:
-      return semStmt(c, lowerTupleUnpackingForAsgn(c.graph, n, c.p.owner), {})
+      return semStmt(c, makeTupleAssignments(c, n), {})
     else:
       a = semExprWithType(c, a, {efLValue})
   else:
@@ -1711,36 +2050,39 @@ proc semAsgn(c: PContext, n: PNode; mode=asgnNormal): PNode =
   # a = b # both are vars, means: a[] = b[]
   # a = b # b no 'var T' means: a = addr(b)
   var le = a.typ
+  let assignable = isAssignable(c, a)
+  let root = getRoot(a)
+  let useStrictDefLet = root != nil and root.kind == skLet and
+                       assignable == arAddressableConst and
+                       strictDefs in c.features and isLocalSym(root)
   if le == nil:
     localError(c.config, a.info, "expression has no type")
   elif (skipTypes(le, {tyGenericInst, tyAlias, tySink}).kind notin {tyVar} and
-        isAssignable(c, a) in {arNone, arLentValue}) or
-      skipTypes(le, abstractVar).kind in {tyOpenArray, tyVarargs}:
+        assignable in {arNone, arLentValue, arAddressableConst} and not useStrictDefLet
+        ) or (skipTypes(le, abstractVar).kind in {tyOpenArray, tyVarargs} and views notin c.features):
     # Direct assignment to a discriminant is allowed!
     localError(c.config, a.info, errXCannotBeAssignedTo %
                renderTree(a, {renderNoComments}))
   else:
-    let
-      lhs = n[0]
-      lhsIsResult = lhs.kind == nkSym and lhs.sym.kind == skResult
-    var
-      rhs = semExprWithType(c, n[1],
-        if lhsIsResult: {efAllowDestructor} else: {})
-    if lhsIsResult:
+    let lhs = n[0]
+    let rhs = semExprWithType(c, n[1], {efTypeAllowed}, le)
+    if lhs.kind == nkSym and lhs.sym.kind == skResult:
       n.typ = c.enforceVoidContext
       if c.p.owner.kind != skMacro and resultTypeIsInferrable(lhs.sym.typ):
         var rhsTyp = rhs.typ
         if rhsTyp.kind in tyUserTypeClasses and rhsTyp.isResolvedUserTypeClass:
-          rhsTyp = rhsTyp.lastSon
+          rhsTyp = rhsTyp.last
+        if lhs.sym.typ.kind == tyAnything:
+          rhsTyp = rhsTyp.skipTypes({tySink}).skipIntLit(c.idgen)
         if cmpTypes(c, lhs.typ, rhsTyp) in {isGeneric, isEqual}:
           internalAssert c.config, c.p.resultSym != nil
           # Make sure the type is valid for the result variable
-          typeAllowedCheck(c.config, n.info, rhsTyp, skResult)
+          typeAllowedCheck(c, n.info, rhsTyp, skResult)
           lhs.typ = rhsTyp
           c.p.resultSym.typ = rhsTyp
-          c.p.owner.typ[0] = rhsTyp
+          c.p.owner.typ.setReturnType rhsTyp
         else:
-          typeMismatch(c.config, n.info, lhs.typ, rhsTyp)
+          typeMismatch(c.config, n.info, lhs.typ, rhsTyp, rhs)
     borrowCheck(c, n, lhs, rhs)
 
     n[1] = fitNode(c, le, rhs, goodLineInfo(n[1]))
@@ -1756,23 +2098,30 @@ proc semReturn(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
   if c.p.owner.kind in {skConverter, skMethod, skProc, skFunc, skMacro} or
       (not c.p.owner.typ.isNil and isClosureIterator(c.p.owner.typ)):
     if n[0].kind != nkEmpty:
-      # transform ``return expr`` to ``result = expr; return``
-      if c.p.resultSym != nil:
+      if n[0].kind == nkAsgn and n[0][0].kind == nkSym and c.p.resultSym == n[0][0].sym:
+        discard "return is already transformed"
+      elif c.p.resultSym != nil:
+        # transform ``return expr`` to ``result = expr; return``
         var a = newNodeI(nkAsgn, n[0].info)
         a.add newSymNode(c.p.resultSym)
         a.add n[0]
-        n[0] = semAsgn(c, a)
-        # optimize away ``result = result``:
-        if n[0][1].kind == nkSym and n[0][1].sym == c.p.resultSym:
-          n[0] = c.graph.emptyNode
+        n[0] = a
       else:
         localError(c.config, n.info, errNoReturnTypeDeclared)
+        return
+      result[0] = semAsgn(c, n[0])
+      # optimize away ``result = result``:
+      if result[0][1].kind == nkSym and result[0][1].sym == c.p.resultSym:
+        result[0] = c.graph.emptyNode
   else:
     localError(c.config, n.info, "'return' not allowed here")
 
-proc semProcBody(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
+proc semProcBody(c: PContext, n: PNode; expectedType: PType = nil): PNode =
+  when defined(nimsuggest):
+    if c.graph.config.expandDone():
+      return n
   openScope(c)
-  result = semExpr(c, n)
+  result = semExpr(c, n, expectedType = expectedType)
   if c.p.resultSym != nil and not isEmptyType(result.typ):
     if result.kind == nkNilLit:
       # or ImplicitlyDiscardable(result):
@@ -1797,12 +2146,12 @@ proc semProcBody(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
     if isEmptyType(result.typ):
       # we inferred a 'void' return type:
       c.p.resultSym.typ = errorType(c)
-      c.p.owner.typ[0] = nil
+      c.p.owner.typ.setReturnType nil
     else:
       localError(c.config, c.p.resultSym.info, errCannotInferReturnType %
         c.p.owner.name.s)
-  if isInlineIterator(c.p.owner.typ) and c.p.owner.typ[0] != nil and
-      c.p.owner.typ[0].kind == tyUntyped:
+  if isIterator(c.p.owner.typ) and c.p.owner.typ.returnType != nil and
+      c.p.owner.typ.returnType.kind == tyAnything:
     localError(c.config, c.p.owner.info, errCannotInferReturnType %
       c.p.owner.name.s)
   closeScope(c)
@@ -1828,7 +2177,13 @@ proc semYieldVarResult(c: PContext, n: PNode, restype: PType) =
             tupleConstr[i] = takeImplicitAddr(c, tupleConstr[i], e.kind == tyLent)
         else:
           localError(c.config, n[0].info, errXExpected, "tuple constructor")
-  else: discard
+      elif e.kind == tyEmpty:
+        localError(c.config, n[0].info, errTypeExpected)
+  else:
+    when false:
+      # XXX investigate what we really need here.
+      if isViewType(t):
+        n[0] = takeImplicitAddr(c, n[0], false)
 
 proc semYield(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
   result = n
@@ -1836,12 +2191,10 @@ proc semYield(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
   if c.p.owner == nil or c.p.owner.kind != skIterator:
     localError(c.config, n.info, errYieldNotAllowedHere)
   elif n[0].kind != nkEmpty:
-    n[0] = semExprWithType(c, n[0]) # check for type compatibility:
     var iterType = c.p.owner.typ
     let restype = iterType[0]
+    n[0] = semExprWithType(c, n[0], {}, restype) # check for type compatibility:
     if restype != nil:
-      if restype.kind != tyUntyped:
-        n[0] = fitNode(c, restype, n[0], n.info)
       if n[0].typ == nil: internalError(c.config, n.info, "semYield")
 
       if resultTypeIsInferrable(restype):
@@ -1849,53 +2202,70 @@ proc semYield(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
         iterType[0] = inferred
         if c.p.resultSym != nil:
           c.p.resultSym.typ = inferred
+      else:
+        n[0] = fitNode(c, restype, n[0], n.info)
 
       semYieldVarResult(c, n, restype)
     else:
       localError(c.config, n.info, errCannotReturnExpr)
-  elif c.p.owner.typ[0] != nil:
+  elif c.p.owner.typ.returnType != nil:
     localError(c.config, n.info, errGenerated, "yield statement must yield a value")
 
-proc lookUpForDefined(c: PContext, i: PIdent, onlyCurrentScope: bool): PSym =
-  if onlyCurrentScope:
-    result = localSearchInScope(c, i)
+proc considerQuotedIdentOrDot(c: PContext, n: PNode, origin: PNode = nil): PIdent =
+  if n.kind == nkDotExpr:
+    let a = considerQuotedIdentOrDot(c, n[0], origin).s
+    let b = considerQuotedIdentOrDot(c, n[1], origin).s
+    var s = newStringOfCap(a.len + b.len + 1)
+    s.add(a)
+    s.add('.')
+    s.add(b)
+    result = getIdent(c.cache, s)
   else:
-    result = searchInScopes(c, i) # no need for stub loading
+    result = considerQuotedIdent(c, n, origin)
+
+proc semDefined(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
+  checkSonsLen(n, 2, c.config)
+  # we replace this node by a 'true' or 'false' node:
+  result = newIntNode(nkIntLit, 0)
+  result.intVal = ord isDefined(c.config, considerQuotedIdentOrDot(c, n[1], n).s)
+  result.info = n.info
+  result.typ = getSysType(c.graph, n.info, tyBool)
 
-proc lookUpForDefined(c: PContext, n: PNode, onlyCurrentScope: bool): PSym =
+proc lookUpForDeclared(c: PContext, n: PNode, onlyCurrentScope: bool): PSym =
   case n.kind
-  of nkIdent:
-    result = lookUpForDefined(c, n.ident, onlyCurrentScope)
+  of nkIdent, nkAccQuoted:
+    var amb = false
+    let ident = considerQuotedIdent(c, n)
+    result = if onlyCurrentScope:
+               localSearchInScope(c, ident)
+             else:
+               searchInScopes(c, ident, amb)
   of nkDotExpr:
     result = nil
     if onlyCurrentScope: return
     checkSonsLen(n, 2, c.config)
-    var m = lookUpForDefined(c, n[0], onlyCurrentScope)
+    var m = lookUpForDeclared(c, n[0], onlyCurrentScope)
     if m != nil and m.kind == skModule:
       let ident = considerQuotedIdent(c, n[1], n)
       if m == c.module:
         result = strTableGet(c.topLevelScope.symbols, ident)
       else:
-        result = strTableGet(m.tab, ident)
-  of nkAccQuoted:
-    result = lookUpForDefined(c, considerQuotedIdent(c, n), onlyCurrentScope)
+        result = someSym(c.graph, m, ident)
   of nkSym:
     result = n.sym
   of nkOpenSymChoice, nkClosedSymChoice:
     result = n[0].sym
+  of nkOpenSym:
+    result = lookUpForDeclared(c, n[0], onlyCurrentScope)
   else:
     localError(c.config, n.info, "identifier expected, but got: " & renderTree(n))
     result = nil
 
-proc semDefined(c: PContext, n: PNode, onlyCurrentScope: bool): PNode =
+proc semDeclared(c: PContext, n: PNode, onlyCurrentScope: bool): PNode =
   checkSonsLen(n, 2, c.config)
   # we replace this node by a 'true' or 'false' node:
   result = newIntNode(nkIntLit, 0)
-  if not onlyCurrentScope and considerQuotedIdent(c, n[0], n).s == "defined":
-    let d = considerQuotedIdent(c, n[1], n)
-    result.intVal = ord isDefined(c.config, d.s)
-  elif lookUpForDefined(c, n[1], onlyCurrentScope) != nil:
-    result.intVal = 1
+  result.intVal = ord lookUpForDeclared(c, n[1], onlyCurrentScope) != nil
   result.info = n.info
   result.typ = getSysType(c.graph, n.info, tyBool)
 
@@ -1922,10 +2292,11 @@ proc expectString(c: PContext, n: PNode): string =
   if n.kind in nkStrKinds:
     return n.strVal
   else:
+    result = ""
     localError(c.config, n.info, errStringLiteralExpected)
 
 proc newAnonSym(c: PContext; kind: TSymKind, info: TLineInfo): PSym =
-  result = newSym(kind, c.cache.idAnon, getCurrOwner(c), info)
+  result = newSym(kind, c.cache.idAnon, c.idgen, getCurrOwner(c), info)
 
 proc semExpandToAst(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
   let macroCall = n[1]
@@ -1946,7 +2317,7 @@ proc semExpandToAst(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
     let headSymbol = macroCall[0]
     var cands = 0
     var cand: PSym = nil
-    var o: TOverloadIter
+    var o: TOverloadIter = default(TOverloadIter)
     var symx = initOverloadIter(o, c, headSymbol)
     while symx != nil:
       if symx.kind in {skTemplate, skMacro} and symx.typ.len == macroCall.len:
@@ -1991,17 +2362,27 @@ proc processQuotations(c: PContext; n: var PNode, op: string,
     ids.add n
     return
 
+  template handlePrefixOp(prefixed) =
+    if prefixed[0].kind == nkIdent:
+      let examinedOp = prefixed[0].ident.s
+      if examinedOp == op:
+        returnQuote prefixed[1]
+      elif examinedOp.startsWith(op):
+        prefixed[0] = newIdentNode(getIdent(c.cache, examinedOp.substr(op.len)), prefixed.info)
 
   if n.kind == nkPrefix:
     checkSonsLen(n, 2, c.config)
-    if n[0].kind == nkIdent:
-      var examinedOp = n[0].ident.s
-      if examinedOp == op:
-        returnQuote n[1]
-      elif examinedOp.startsWith(op):
-        n[0] = newIdentNode(getIdent(c.cache, examinedOp.substr(op.len)), n.info)
-  elif n.kind == nkAccQuoted and op == "``":
-    returnQuote n[0]
+    handlePrefixOp(n)
+  elif n.kind == nkAccQuoted:
+    if op == "``":
+      returnQuote n[0]
+    else: # [bug #7589](https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/issues/7589)
+      if n.len == 2 and n[0].ident.s == op:
+        var tempNode = nkPrefix.newTree()
+        tempNode.newSons(2)
+        tempNode[0] = n[0]
+        tempNode[1] = n[1]
+        handlePrefixOp(tempNode)
   elif n.kind == nkIdent:
     if n.ident.s == "result":
       n = ids[0]
@@ -2032,20 +2413,26 @@ proc semQuoteAst(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
   ids[0] = newAnonSym(c, skParam, n.info).newSymNode
   processQuotations(c, quotedBlock, op, quotes, ids)
 
+  let dummyTemplateSym = newAnonSym(c, skTemplate, n.info)
+  incl(dummyTemplateSym.flags, sfTemplateRedefinition)
   var dummyTemplate = newProcNode(
     nkTemplateDef, quotedBlock.info, body = quotedBlock,
     params = c.graph.emptyNode,
-    name = newAnonSym(c, skTemplate, n.info).newSymNode,
+    name = dummyTemplateSym.newSymNode,
               pattern = c.graph.emptyNode, genericParams = c.graph.emptyNode,
               pragmas = c.graph.emptyNode, exceptions = c.graph.emptyNode)
 
   if ids.len > 0:
     dummyTemplate[paramsPos] = newNodeI(nkFormalParams, n.info)
     dummyTemplate[paramsPos].add getSysSym(c.graph, n.info, "untyped").newSymNode # return type
-    ids.add getSysSym(c.graph, n.info, "untyped").newSymNode # params type
-    ids.add c.graph.emptyNode # no default value
-    dummyTemplate[paramsPos].add newNode(nkIdentDefs, n.info, ids)
-
+    dummyTemplate[paramsPos].add newTreeI(nkIdentDefs, n.info, ids[0], getSysSym(c.graph, n.info, "typed").newSymNode, c.graph.emptyNode)
+    for i in 1..<ids.len:
+      let exp = semExprWithType(c, quotes[i+1], {})
+      let typ = exp.typ
+      if tfTriggersCompileTime notin typ.flags and typ.kind != tyStatic and exp.kind == nkSym and exp.sym.kind notin routineKinds + {skType}:
+        dummyTemplate[paramsPos].add newTreeI(nkIdentDefs, n.info, ids[i], newNodeIT(nkType, n.info, typ), c.graph.emptyNode)
+      else:
+        dummyTemplate[paramsPos].add newTreeI(nkIdentDefs, n.info, ids[i], getSysSym(c.graph, n.info, "typed").newSymNode, c.graph.emptyNode)
   var tmpl = semTemplateDef(c, dummyTemplate)
   quotes[0] = tmpl[namePos]
   # This adds a call to newIdentNode("result") as the first argument to the template call
@@ -2056,10 +2443,10 @@ proc semQuoteAst(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
                     newIdentNode(getIdent(c.cache, "newIdentNode"), n.info)
                   else:
                     identNodeSym.newSymNode
-  quotes[1] = newNode(nkCall, n.info, @[identNode, newStrNode(nkStrLit, "result")])
-  result = newNode(nkCall, n.info, @[
-     createMagic(c.graph, "getAst", mExpandToAst).newSymNode,
-    newNode(nkCall, n.info, quotes)])
+  quotes[1] = newTreeI(nkCall, n.info, identNode, newStrNode(nkStrLit, "result"))
+  result = newTreeI(nkCall, n.info,
+     createMagic(c.graph, c.idgen, "getAst", mExpandToAst).newSymNode,
+     newTreeI(nkCall, n.info, quotes))
   result = semExpandToAst(c, result)
 
 proc tryExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode =
@@ -2101,7 +2488,7 @@ proc tryExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode =
     if c.config.errorCounter != oldErrorCount:
       result = nil
   except ERecoverableError:
-    discard
+    result = nil
   # undo symbol table changes (as far as it's possible):
   c.compilesContextId = oldCompilesId
   c.generics = oldGenerics
@@ -2140,9 +2527,9 @@ proc semShallowCopy(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
     result = semDirectOp(c, n, flags)
 
 proc createFlowVar(c: PContext; t: PType; info: TLineInfo): PType =
-  result = newType(tyGenericInvocation, c.module)
-  addSonSkipIntLit(result, magicsys.getCompilerProc(c.graph, "FlowVar").typ)
-  addSonSkipIntLit(result, t)
+  result = newType(tyGenericInvocation, c.idgen, c.module)
+  addSonSkipIntLit(result, magicsys.getCompilerProc(c.graph, "FlowVar").typ, c.idgen)
+  addSonSkipIntLit(result, t, c.idgen)
   result = instGenericContainer(c, info, result, allowMetaTypes = false)
 
 proc instantiateCreateFlowVarCall(c: PContext; t: PType;
@@ -2150,15 +2537,14 @@ proc instantiateCreateFlowVarCall(c: PContext; t: PType;
   let sym = magicsys.getCompilerProc(c.graph, "nimCreateFlowVar")
   if sym == nil:
     localError(c.config, info, "system needs: nimCreateFlowVar")
-  var bindings: TIdTable
-  initIdTable(bindings)
+  var bindings = initTypeMapping()
   bindings.idTablePut(sym.ast[genericParamsPos][0].typ, t)
   result = c.semGenerateInstance(c, sym, bindings, info)
   # since it's an instantiation, we unmark it as a compilerproc. Otherwise
   # codegen would fail:
   if sfCompilerProc in result.flags:
-    result.flags = result.flags - {sfCompilerProc, sfExportc, sfImportc}
-    result.loc.r = nil
+    result.flags.excl {sfCompilerProc, sfExportc, sfImportc}
+    result.loc.snippet = ""
 
 proc setMs(n: PNode, s: PSym): PNode =
   result = n
@@ -2174,25 +2560,26 @@ proc semSizeof(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
   n.typ = getSysType(c.graph, n.info, tyInt)
   result = foldSizeOf(c.config, n, n)
 
-proc semMagic(c: PContext, n: PNode, s: PSym, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
+proc semMagic(c: PContext, n: PNode, s: PSym, flags: TExprFlags; expectedType: PType = nil): PNode =
   # this is a hotspot in the compiler!
   result = n
   case s.magic # magics that need special treatment
   of mAddr:
     markUsed(c, n.info, s)
     checkSonsLen(n, 2, c.config)
-    result[0] = newSymNode(s, n[0].info)
-    result[1] = semAddrArg(c, n[1], s.name.s == "unsafeAddr")
-    result.typ = makePtrType(c, result[1].typ)
+    result = semAddr(c, n[1])
   of mTypeOf:
     markUsed(c, n.info, s)
     result = semTypeOf(c, n)
   of mDefined:
     markUsed(c, n.info, s)
-    result = semDefined(c, setMs(n, s), false)
-  of mDefinedInScope:
+    result = semDefined(c, setMs(n, s))
+  of mDeclared:
     markUsed(c, n.info, s)
-    result = semDefined(c, setMs(n, s), true)
+    result = semDeclared(c, setMs(n, s), false)
+  of mDeclaredInScope:
+    markUsed(c, n.info, s)
+    result = semDeclared(c, setMs(n, s), true)
   of mCompiles:
     markUsed(c, n.info, s)
     result = semCompiles(c, setMs(n, s), flags)
@@ -2226,12 +2613,15 @@ proc semMagic(c: PContext, n: PNode, s: PSym, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
   of mSpawn:
     markUsed(c, n.info, s)
     when defined(leanCompiler):
-      localError(c.config, n.info, "compiler was built without 'spawn' support")
-      result = n
+      result = localErrorNode(c, n, "compiler was built without 'spawn' support")
     else:
       result = setMs(n, s)
       for i in 1..<n.len:
         result[i] = semExpr(c, n[i])
+
+      if n.len > 1 and n[1].kind notin nkCallKinds:
+        return localErrorNode(c, n, n[1].info, "'spawn' takes a call expression; got: " & $n[1])
+
       let typ = result[^1].typ
       if not typ.isEmptyType:
         if spawnResult(typ, c.inParallelStmt > 0) == srFlowVar:
@@ -2265,7 +2655,7 @@ proc semMagic(c: PContext, n: PNode, s: PSym, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
         result = magicsAfterOverloadResolution(c, result, flags)
   of mRunnableExamples:
     markUsed(c, n.info, s)
-    if c.config.cmd == cmdDoc and n.len >= 2 and n.lastSon.kind == nkStmtList:
+    if c.config.cmd in cmdDocLike and n.len >= 2 and n.lastSon.kind == nkStmtList:
       when false:
         # some of this dead code was moved to `prepareExamples`
         if sfMainModule in c.module.flags:
@@ -2284,16 +2674,30 @@ proc semMagic(c: PContext, n: PNode, s: PSym, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
   of mSizeOf:
     markUsed(c, n.info, s)
     result = semSizeof(c, setMs(n, s))
+  of mArrToSeq, mOpenArrayToSeq:
+    if expectedType != nil and (
+        let expected = expectedType.skipTypes(abstractRange-{tyDistinct});
+        expected.kind in {tySequence, tyOpenArray}):
+      # seq type inference
+      var arrayType = newType(tyOpenArray, c.idgen, expected.owner)
+      arrayType.rawAddSon(expected[0])
+      if n[0].kind == nkSym and sfFromGeneric in n[0].sym.flags:
+        # may have been resolved to `@`[empty] at some point,
+        # reset to `@` to deal with this
+        n[0] = newSymNode(n[0].sym.instantiatedFrom, n[0].info)
+      n[1] = semExpr(c, n[1], flags, arrayType)
+    result = semDirectOp(c, n, flags, expectedType)
   else:
-    result = semDirectOp(c, n, flags)
+    result = semDirectOp(c, n, flags, expectedType)
 
 proc semWhen(c: PContext, n: PNode, semCheck = true): PNode =
   # If semCheck is set to false, ``when`` will return the verbatim AST of
   # the correct branch. Otherwise the AST will be passed through semStmt.
   result = nil
+  let flags = if semCheck: {efWantStmt} else: {}
 
   template setResult(e: untyped) =
-    if semCheck: result = semExpr(c, e) # do not open a new scope!
+    if semCheck: result = semExpr(c, e, flags) # do not open a new scope!
     else: result = e
 
   # Check if the node is "when nimvm"
@@ -2303,15 +2707,18 @@ proc semWhen(c: PContext, n: PNode, semCheck = true): PNode =
   #   ...
   var whenNimvm = false
   var typ = commonTypeBegin
-  if n.len == 2 and n[0].kind == nkElifBranch and
-      n[1].kind == nkElse:
-    let exprNode = n[0][0]
+  if n.len in 1..2 and n[0].kind == nkElifBranch and (
+      n.len == 1 or n[1].kind == nkElse):
+    var exprNode = n[0][0]
+    if exprNode.kind == nkOpenSym:
+      exprNode = exprNode[0]
     if exprNode.kind == nkIdent:
       whenNimvm = lookUp(c, exprNode).magic == mNimvm
     elif exprNode.kind == nkSym:
       whenNimvm = exprNode.sym.magic == mNimvm
     if whenNimvm: n.flags.incl nfLL
 
+  var cannotResolve = false
   for i in 0..<n.len:
     var it = n[i]
     case it.kind
@@ -2319,9 +2726,22 @@ proc semWhen(c: PContext, n: PNode, semCheck = true): PNode =
       checkSonsLen(it, 2, c.config)
       if whenNimvm:
         if semCheck:
-          it[1] = semExpr(c, it[1])
-          typ = commonType(typ, it[1].typ)
+          it[1] = semExpr(c, it[1], flags)
+          typ = commonType(c, typ, it[1].typ)
         result = n # when nimvm is not elimited until codegen
+      elif c.inGenericContext > 0:
+        let e = semExprWithType(c, it[0])
+        if e.typ.kind == tyFromExpr:
+          it[0] = makeStaticExpr(c, e)
+          cannotResolve = true
+        else:
+          it[0] = forceBool(c, e)
+          let val = getConstExpr(c.module, it[0], c.idgen, c.graph)
+          if val == nil or val.kind != nkIntLit:
+            cannotResolve = true
+          elif not cannotResolve and val.intVal != 0 and result == nil:
+            setResult(it[1])
+            return # we're not in nimvm and we already have a result
       else:
         let e = forceBool(c, semConstExpr(c, it[0]))
         if e.kind != nkIntLit:
@@ -2330,55 +2750,85 @@ proc semWhen(c: PContext, n: PNode, semCheck = true): PNode =
           discard
         elif e.intVal != 0 and result == nil:
           setResult(it[1])
+          return # we're not in nimvm and we already have a result
     of nkElse, nkElseExpr:
       checkSonsLen(it, 1, c.config)
-      if result == nil or whenNimvm:
+      if cannotResolve:
+        discard
+      elif result == nil or whenNimvm:
         if semCheck:
-          it[0] = semExpr(c, it[0])
-          typ = commonType(typ, it[0].typ)
+          it[0] = semExpr(c, it[0], flags)
+          typ = commonType(c, typ, it[0].typ)
+          if typ != nil and typ.kind != tyUntyped:
+            it[0] = fitNode(c, typ, it[0], it[0].info)
         if result == nil:
           result = it[0]
     else: illFormedAst(n, c.config)
+  if cannotResolve:
+    result = semGenericStmt(c, n)
+    result.typ = makeTypeFromExpr(c, result.copyTree)
+    return
   if result == nil:
     result = newNodeI(nkEmpty, n.info)
-  if whenNimvm: result.typ = typ
-  # The ``when`` statement implements the mechanism for platform dependent
-  # code. Thus we try to ensure here consistent ID allocation after the
-  # ``when`` statement.
-  idSynchronizationPoint(200)
+  if whenNimvm:
+    result.typ = typ
+    if n.len == 1:
+      result.add(newTree(nkElse, newNode(nkStmtList)))
 
-proc semSetConstr(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
+proc semSetConstr(c: PContext, n: PNode, expectedType: PType = nil): PNode =
   result = newNodeI(nkCurly, n.info)
   result.typ = newTypeS(tySet, c)
+  result.typ.flags.incl tfIsConstructor
+  var expectedElementType: PType = nil
+  if expectedType != nil and (
+      let expected = expectedType.skipTypes(abstractRange-{tyDistinct});
+      expected.kind == tySet):
+    expectedElementType = expected[0]
   if n.len == 0:
-    rawAddSon(result.typ, newTypeS(tyEmpty, c))
+    rawAddSon(result.typ,
+      if expectedElementType != nil and
+          typeAllowed(expectedElementType, skLet, c) == nil:
+        expectedElementType
+      else:
+        newTypeS(tyEmpty, c))
   else:
     # only semantic checking for all elements, later type checking:
     var typ: PType = nil
     for i in 0..<n.len:
+      let doSetType = typ == nil
       if isRange(n[i]):
         checkSonsLen(n[i], 3, c.config)
-        n[i][1] = semExprWithType(c, n[i][1])
-        n[i][2] = semExprWithType(c, n[i][2])
-        if typ == nil:
+        n[i][1] = semExprWithType(c, n[i][1], {efTypeAllowed}, expectedElementType)
+        n[i][2] = semExprWithType(c, n[i][2], {efTypeAllowed}, expectedElementType)
+        if doSetType:
           typ = skipTypes(n[i][1].typ,
                           {tyGenericInst, tyVar, tyLent, tyOrdinal, tyAlias, tySink})
         n[i].typ = n[i][2].typ # range node needs type too
       elif n[i].kind == nkRange:
         # already semchecked
-        if typ == nil:
+        if doSetType:
           typ = skipTypes(n[i][0].typ,
                           {tyGenericInst, tyVar, tyLent, tyOrdinal, tyAlias, tySink})
       else:
-        n[i] = semExprWithType(c, n[i])
-        if typ == nil:
+        n[i] = semExprWithType(c, n[i], {efTypeAllowed}, expectedElementType)
+        if doSetType:
           typ = skipTypes(n[i].typ, {tyGenericInst, tyVar, tyLent, tyOrdinal, tyAlias, tySink})
-    if not isOrdinalType(typ, allowEnumWithHoles=true):
-      localError(c.config, n.info, errOrdinalTypeExpected)
-      typ = makeRangeType(c, 0, MaxSetElements-1, n.info)
-    elif lengthOrd(c.config, typ) > MaxSetElements:
-      typ = makeRangeType(c, 0, MaxSetElements-1, n.info)
-    addSonSkipIntLit(result.typ, typ)
+      if doSetType:
+        if not isOrdinalType(typ, allowEnumWithHoles=true):
+          localError(c.config, n.info, errOrdinalTypeExpected % typeToString(typ, preferDesc))
+          typ = makeRangeType(c, 0, MaxSetElements-1, n.info)
+        elif isIntLit(typ):
+          # set of int literal, use a default range smaller than the max range
+          typ = makeRangeType(c, 0, DefaultSetElements-1, n.info)
+        elif lengthOrd(c.config, typ) > MaxSetElements:
+          message(c.config, n.info, warnAboveMaxSizeSet, "type '" &
+            typeToString(typ, preferDesc) & "' is too big to be a `set` element, " &
+            "assuming a range of 0.." & $(MaxSetElements - 1) &
+            ", explicitly write this range to get rid of warning")
+          typ = makeRangeType(c, 0, MaxSetElements-1, n.info)
+        if expectedElementType == nil:
+          expectedElementType = typ
+    addSonSkipIntLit(result.typ, typ, c.idgen)
     for i in 0..<n.len:
       var m: PNode
       let info = n[i].info
@@ -2391,7 +2841,7 @@ proc semSetConstr(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
         m = fitNode(c, typ, n[i], info)
       result.add m
 
-proc semTableConstr(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
+proc semTableConstr(c: PContext, n: PNode; expectedType: PType = nil): PNode =
   # we simply transform ``{key: value, key2, key3: value}`` to
   # ``[(key, value), (key2, value2), (key3, value2)]``
   result = newNodeI(nkBracket, n.info)
@@ -2413,7 +2863,7 @@ proc semTableConstr(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
       lastKey = i+1
 
   if lastKey != n.len: illFormedAst(n, c.config)
-  result = semExpr(c, result)
+  result = semExpr(c, result, expectedType = expectedType)
 
 type
   TParKind = enum
@@ -2440,8 +2890,13 @@ proc checkPar(c: PContext; n: PNode): TParKind =
           localError(c.config, n[i].info, errNamedExprNotAllowed)
           return paNone
 
-proc semTupleFieldsConstr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
+proc semTupleFieldsConstr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags; expectedType: PType = nil): PNode =
   result = newNodeI(nkTupleConstr, n.info)
+  var expected: PType = nil
+  if expectedType != nil:
+    expected = expectedType.skipTypes(abstractRange-{tyDistinct})
+    if not (expected.kind == tyTuple and expected.len == n.len):
+      expected = nil
   var typ = newTypeS(tyTuple, c)
   typ.n = newNodeI(nkRecList, n.info) # nkIdentDefs
   var ids = initIntSet()
@@ -2451,15 +2906,22 @@ proc semTupleFieldsConstr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
     let id = considerQuotedIdent(c, n[i][0])
     if containsOrIncl(ids, id.id):
       localError(c.config, n[i].info, errFieldInitTwice % id.s)
-    n[i][1] = semExprWithType(c, n[i][1],
-                                        flags*{efAllowDestructor})
+    # can check if field name matches expected type here
+    let expectedElemType = if expected != nil: expected[i] else: nil
+    n[i][1] = semExprWithType(c, n[i][1], {}, expectedElemType)
+    if expectedElemType != nil and
+        (expectedElemType.kind != tyNil and not hasEmpty(expectedElemType)):
+      # hasEmpty/nil check is to not break existing code like
+      # `const foo = [(1, {}), (2, {false})]`,
+      # `const foo = if true: (0, nil) else: (1, new(int))`
+      n[i][1] = fitNode(c, expectedElemType, n[i][1], n[i][1].info)
 
     if n[i][1].typ.kind == tyTypeDesc:
       localError(c.config, n[i][1].info, "typedesc not allowed as tuple field.")
       n[i][1].typ = errorType(c)
 
     var f = newSymS(skField, n[i][0], c)
-    f.typ = skipIntLit(n[i][1].typ)
+    f.typ = skipIntLit(n[i][1].typ.skipTypes({tySink}), c.idgen)
     f.position = i
     rawAddSon(typ, f.typ)
     typ.n.add newSymNode(f)
@@ -2467,20 +2929,34 @@ proc semTupleFieldsConstr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
     result.add n[i]
   result.typ = typ
 
-proc semTuplePositionsConstr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
+proc semTuplePositionsConstr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags; expectedType: PType = nil): PNode =
   result = n                  # we don't modify n, but compute the type:
   result.transitionSonsKind(nkTupleConstr)
+  var expected: PType = nil
+  if expectedType != nil:
+    expected = expectedType.skipTypes(abstractRange-{tyDistinct})
+    if not (expected.kind == tyTuple and expected.len == n.len):
+      expected = nil
   var typ = newTypeS(tyTuple, c)  # leave typ.n nil!
   for i in 0..<n.len:
-    n[i] = semExprWithType(c, n[i], flags*{efAllowDestructor})
-    addSonSkipIntLit(typ, n[i].typ)
+    let expectedElemType = if expected != nil: expected[i] else: nil
+    n[i] = semExprWithType(c, n[i], {}, expectedElemType)
+    if expectedElemType != nil and
+        (expectedElemType.kind != tyNil and not hasEmpty(expectedElemType)):
+      # hasEmpty/nil check is to not break existing code like
+      # `const foo = [(1, {}), (2, {false})]`,
+      # `const foo = if true: (0, nil) else: (1, new(int))`
+      n[i] = fitNode(c, expectedElemType, n[i], n[i].info)
+    addSonSkipIntLit(typ, n[i].typ.skipTypes({tySink}), c.idgen)
   result.typ = typ
 
 include semobjconstr
 
-proc semBlock(c: PContext, n: PNode; flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
+proc semBlock(c: PContext, n: PNode; flags: TExprFlags; expectedType: PType = nil): PNode =
   result = n
   inc(c.p.nestedBlockCounter)
+  let oldBreakInLoop = c.p.breakInLoop
+  c.p.breakInLoop = false
   checkSonsLen(n, 2, c.config)
   openScope(c) # BUGFIX: label is in the scope of block!
   if n[0].kind != nkEmpty:
@@ -2490,14 +2966,15 @@ proc semBlock(c: PContext, n: PNode; flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
     elif labl.owner == nil:
       labl.owner = c.p.owner
     n[0] = newSymNode(labl, n[0].info)
-    suggestSym(c.config, n[0].info, labl, c.graph.usageSym)
-    styleCheckDef(c.config, labl)
+    suggestSym(c.graph, n[0].info, labl, c.graph.usageSym)
+    styleCheckDef(c, labl)
     onDef(n[0].info, labl)
-  n[1] = semExpr(c, n[1], flags)
+  n[1] = semExpr(c, n[1], flags, expectedType)
   n.typ = n[1].typ
   if isEmptyType(n.typ): n.transitionSonsKind(nkBlockStmt)
   else: n.transitionSonsKind(nkBlockExpr)
   closeScope(c)
+  c.p.breakInLoop = oldBreakInLoop
   dec(c.p.nestedBlockCounter)
 
 proc semExportExcept(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
@@ -2508,35 +2985,35 @@ proc semExportExcept(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
   let exceptSet = readExceptSet(c, n)
   let exported = moduleName.sym
   result = newNodeI(nkExportStmt, n.info)
-  strTableAdd(c.module.tab, exported)
-  var i: TTabIter
-  var s = initTabIter(i, exported.tab)
-  while s != nil:
+  reexportSym(c, exported)
+  for s in allSyms(c.graph, exported):
     if s.kind in ExportableSymKinds+{skModule} and
        s.name.id notin exceptSet and sfError notin s.flags:
-      strTableAdd(c.module.tab, s)
+      reexportSym(c, s)
       result.add newSymNode(s, n.info)
-    s = nextIter(i, exported.tab)
   markUsed(c, n.info, exported)
 
 proc semExport(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
+  proc specialSyms(c: PContext; s: PSym) {.inline.} =
+    if s.kind == skConverter: addConverter(c, LazySym(sym: s))
+    elif s.kind == skType and s.typ != nil and s.typ.kind == tyEnum and sfPure in s.flags:
+      addPureEnum(c, LazySym(sym: s))
+
   result = newNodeI(nkExportStmt, n.info)
   for i in 0..<n.len:
     let a = n[i]
-    var o: TOverloadIter
+    var o: TOverloadIter = default(TOverloadIter)
     var s = initOverloadIter(o, c, a)
     if s == nil:
       localError(c.config, a.info, errGenerated, "cannot export: " & renderTree(a))
     elif s.kind == skModule:
       # forward everything from that module:
-      strTableAdd(c.module.tab, s)
-      var ti: TTabIter
-      var it = initTabIter(ti, s.tab)
-      while it != nil:
+      reexportSym(c, s)
+      for it in allSyms(c.graph, s):
         if it.kind in ExportableSymKinds+{skModule}:
-          strTableAdd(c.module.tab, it)
+          reexportSym(c, it)
           result.add newSymNode(it, a.info)
-        it = nextIter(ti, s.tab)
+          specialSyms(c, it)
       markUsed(c, n.info, s)
     else:
       while s != nil:
@@ -2545,20 +3022,29 @@ proc semExport(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
             "; enum field cannot be exported individually")
         if s.kind in ExportableSymKinds+{skModule} and sfError notin s.flags:
           result.add(newSymNode(s, a.info))
-          strTableAdd(c.module.tab, s)
+          reexportSym(c, s)
           markUsed(c, n.info, s)
+          specialSyms(c, s)
+          if s.kind == skType and sfPure notin s.flags:
+            var etyp = s.typ
+            if etyp.kind in {tyBool, tyEnum}:
+              for j in 0..<etyp.n.len:
+                var e = etyp.n[j].sym
+                if e.kind != skEnumField:
+                  internalError(c.config, s.info, "rawImportSymbol")
+                reexportSym(c, e)
+
         s = nextOverloadIter(o, c, a)
 
-proc semTupleConstr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
-  var tupexp = semTuplePositionsConstr(c, n, flags)
-  var isTupleType: bool
+proc semTupleConstr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags; expectedType: PType = nil): PNode =
+  var tupexp = semTuplePositionsConstr(c, n, flags, expectedType)
+  var isTupleType: bool = false
   if tupexp.len > 0: # don't interpret () as type
     isTupleType = tupexp[0].typ.kind == tyTypeDesc
     # check if either everything or nothing is tyTypeDesc
     for i in 1..<tupexp.len:
       if isTupleType != (tupexp[i].typ.kind == tyTypeDesc):
-        localError(c.config, tupexp[i].info, "Mixing types and values in tuples is not allowed.")
-        return(errorNode(c,n))
+        return localErrorNode(c, n, tupexp[i].info, "Mixing types and values in tuples is not allowed.")
   if isTupleType: # expressions as ``(int, string)`` are reinterpret as type expressions
     result = n
     var typ = semTypeNode(c, n, nil).skipTypes({tyTypeDesc})
@@ -2566,36 +3052,254 @@ proc semTupleConstr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
   else:
     result = tupexp
 
-proc shouldBeBracketExpr(n: PNode): bool =
+proc isExplicitGenericCall(c: PContext, n: PNode): bool =
+  ## checks if a call node `n` is a routine call with explicit generic params
+  ## 
+  ## the callee node needs to be either an nkBracketExpr or a call to a
+  ## symchoice of `[]` in which case it will be transformed into nkBracketExpr
+  ## 
+  ## the LHS of the bracket expr has to either be a symchoice or resolve to
+  ## a routine symbol
+  template checkCallee(n: PNode) =
+    # check subscript LHS, `n` must be mutable
+    if isSymChoice(n):
+      result = true
+    else:
+      let s = qualifiedLookUp(c, n, {})
+      if s != nil and s.kind in routineKinds:
+        result = true
+        n = semSymGenericInstantiation(c, n, s)
   assert n.kind in nkCallKinds
+  result = false
   let a = n[0]
-  if a.kind in nkCallKinds:
+  case a.kind
+  of nkBracketExpr:
+    checkCallee(a[0])
+  of nkCallKinds:
     let b = a[0]
     if b.kind in nkSymChoices:
-      for i in 0..<b.len:
-        if b[i].kind == nkSym and b[i].sym.magic == mArrGet:
-          let be = newNodeI(nkBracketExpr, n.info)
+      let name = b.getPIdent
+      if name != nil and name.s == "[]":
+        checkCallee(a[1])
+        if result:
+          # transform callee into normal bracket expr, only on success
+          let be = newNodeI(nkBracketExpr, a.info)
           for i in 1..<a.len: be.add(a[i])
           n[0] = be
-          return true
+  else:
+    result = false
+
+proc asBracketExpr(c: PContext; n: PNode): PNode =
+  proc isGeneric(c: PContext; n: PNode): bool =
+    if n.kind in {nkIdent, nkAccQuoted}:
+      let s = qualifiedLookUp(c, n, {})
+      result = s != nil and isGenericRoutineStrict(s)
+    else:
+      result = false
 
-proc semExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode =
-  when defined(nimCompilerStackraceHints):
+  assert n.kind in nkCallKinds
+  if n.len > 1 and isGeneric(c, n[1]):
+    let b = n[0]
+    if b.kind in nkSymChoices:
+      for i in 0..<b.len:
+        if b[i].kind == nkSym and b[i].sym.magic == mArrGet:
+          result = newNodeI(nkBracketExpr, n.info)
+          for i in 1..<n.len: result.add(n[i])
+          return result
+  return nil
+
+proc isOpenArraySym(x: PNode): bool =
+  var x = x
+  while true:
+    case x.kind
+    of {nkAddr, nkHiddenAddr}:
+      x = x[0]
+    of {nkHiddenStdConv, nkHiddenDeref}:
+      x = x[1]
+    else:
+      break
+  result = x.kind == nkSym
+
+proc hoistParamsUsedInDefault(c: PContext, call, letSection, defExpr: var PNode) =
+  # This takes care of complicated signatures such as:
+  # proc foo(a: int, b = a)
+  # proc bar(a: int, b: int, c = a + b)
+  #
+  # The recursion may confuse you. It performs two duties:
+  #
+  # 1) extracting all referenced params from default expressions
+  #    into a let section preceding the call
+  #
+  # 2) replacing the "references" within the default expression
+  #    with these extracted skLet symbols.
+  #
+  # The first duty is carried out directly in the code here, while the second
+  # duty is activated by returning a non-nil value. The caller is responsible
+  # for replacing the input to the function with the returned non-nil value.
+  # (which is the hoisted symbol)
+  if defExpr.kind == nkSym and defExpr.sym.kind == skParam and
+      (defExpr.sym.owner == call[0].sym or
+        # symbol was resolved before proc was instantiated:
+        (sfFromGeneric in call[0].sym.flags and
+          defExpr.sym.owner == call[0].sym.instantiatedFrom)):
+    let paramPos = defExpr.sym.position + 1
+
+    if call[paramPos].skipAddr.kind != nkSym and not (
+      skipTypes(call[paramPos].typ, abstractVar).kind in {tyOpenArray, tyVarargs} and
+      isOpenArraySym(call[paramPos])
+    ):
+      let hoistedVarSym = newSym(skLet, getIdent(c.graph.cache, genPrefix), c.idgen,
+                                 c.p.owner, letSection.info, c.p.owner.options)
+      hoistedVarSym.typ = call[paramPos].typ
+
+      letSection.add newTreeI(nkIdentDefs, letSection.info,
+        newSymNode(hoistedVarSym),
+        newNodeI(nkEmpty, letSection.info),
+        call[paramPos])
+
+      call[paramPos] = newSymNode(hoistedVarSym) # Refer the original arg to its hoisted sym
+
+    # arg we refer to is a sym, whether introduced by hoisting or not doesn't matter, we simply reuse it
+    defExpr = call[paramPos]
+  else:
+    for i in 0..<defExpr.safeLen:
+      hoistParamsUsedInDefault(c, call, letSection, defExpr[i])
+
+proc getNilType(c: PContext): PType =
+  result = c.nilTypeCache
+  if result == nil:
+    result = newTypeS(tyNil, c)
+    result.size = c.config.target.ptrSize
+    result.align = c.config.target.ptrSize.int16
+    c.nilTypeCache = result
+
+proc enumFieldSymChoice(c: PContext, n: PNode, s: PSym; flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
+  var o: TOverloadIter = default(TOverloadIter)
+  var i = 0
+  var a = initOverloadIter(o, c, n)
+  while a != nil:
+    if a.kind == skEnumField:
+      inc(i)
+      if i > 1: break
+    a = nextOverloadIter(o, c, n)
+  let info = getCallLineInfo(n)
+  if i <= 1:
+    if sfGenSym notin s.flags:
+      result = newSymNode(s, info)
+      markUsed(c, info, s, efInCall notin flags)
+      onUse(info, s)
+    else:
+      result = n
+  else:
+    result = newNodeIT(nkClosedSymChoice, info, newTypeS(tyNone, c))
+    a = initOverloadIter(o, c, n)
+    while a != nil:
+      if a.kind == skEnumField:
+        incl(a.flags, sfUsed)
+        markOwnerModuleAsUsed(c, a)
+        result.add newSymNode(a, info)
+        onUse(info, a)
+      a = nextOverloadIter(o, c, n)
+
+proc semPragmaStmt(c: PContext; n: PNode) =
+  if c.p.owner.kind == skModule:
+    pragma(c, c.p.owner, n, stmtPragmas+stmtPragmasTopLevel, true)
+  else:
+    pragma(c, c.p.owner, n, stmtPragmas, true)
+
+proc resolveIdentToSym(c: PContext, n: PNode, resultNode: var PNode,
+                       flags: TExprFlags, expectedType: PType): PSym =
+  # result is nil on error or if a node that can't produce a sym is resolved
+  let ident = considerQuotedIdent(c, n)
+  var filter = {low(TSymKind)..high(TSymKind)}
+  if efNoEvaluateGeneric in flags or expectedType != nil:
+    # `a[...]` where `a` is a module or package is not possible
+    filter.excl {skModule, skPackage}
+  let includePureEnum = expectedType != nil and
+    expectedType.skipTypes(abstractRange-{tyDistinct}).kind == tyEnum
+  let candidates = lookUpCandidates(c, ident, filter,
+    includePureEnum = includePureEnum)
+  if candidates.len == 0:
+    result = errorUndeclaredIdentifierHint(c, ident, n.info)
+  elif candidates.len == 1 or {efNoEvaluateGeneric, efInCall} * flags != {}:
+    # unambiguous, or we don't care about ambiguity
+    result = candidates[0]
+  else:
+    # ambiguous symbols have 1 last chance as a symchoice
+    var choice = newNodeIT(nkClosedSymChoice, n.info, newTypeS(tyNone, c))
+    for cand in candidates:
+      case cand.kind
+      of skModule, skPackage:
+        discard
+      of skType:
+        choice.add newSymNodeTypeDesc(cand, c.idgen, n.info)
+      else:
+        choice.add newSymNode(cand, n.info)
+    if choice.len == 0:
+      # we know candidates.len > 1, we just couldn't put any in a symchoice
+      errorUseQualifier(c, n.info, candidates)
+      return nil
+    resolveSymChoice(c, choice, flags, expectedType)
+    # choice.len == 1 can be true here but as long as it's a symchoice
+    # it's still not resolved
+    if isSymChoice(choice):
+      result = nil
+      if efAllowSymChoice in flags:
+        resultNode = choice
+      else:
+        errorUseQualifier(c, n.info, candidates)
+    else:
+      if choice.kind == nkSym:
+        result = choice.sym
+      else:
+        # resolution could have generated nkHiddenStdConv etc
+        resultNode = semExpr(c, choice, flags, expectedType)
+        result = nil
+
+proc semExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}, expectedType: PType = nil): PNode =
+  when defined(nimCompilerStacktraceHints):
     setFrameMsg c.config$n.info & " " & $n.kind
+  when false: # see `tdebugutils`
+    if isCompilerDebug():
+      echo (">", c.config$n.info, n, flags, n.kind)
+    defer:
+      if isCompilerDebug():
+        echo ("<", c.config$n.info, n, ?.result.typ)
+  template directLiteral(typeKind: TTypeKind) =
+    if result.typ == nil:
+      if expectedType != nil and (
+          let expected = expectedType.skipTypes(abstractRange-{tyDistinct});
+          expected.kind == typeKind):
+        result.typ = expected
+        changeType(c, result, expectedType, check=true)
+      else:
+        result.typ = getSysType(c.graph, n.info, typeKind)
+
   result = n
+  when defined(nimsuggest):
+    var expandStarted = false
+    if c.config.ideCmd == ideExpand and not c.config.expandProgress and
+        ((n.kind in {nkFuncDef, nkProcDef, nkIteratorDef, nkTemplateDef, nkMethodDef, nkConverterDef} and
+          n.info.exactEquals(c.config.expandPosition)) or
+         (n.kind in {nkCall, nkCommand} and
+          n[0].info.exactEquals(c.config.expandPosition))):
+      expandStarted = true
+      c.config.expandProgress = true
+      if c.config.expandLevels == 0:
+        c.config.expandNodeResult = $n
+        suggestQuit()
+
   if c.config.cmd == cmdIdeTools: suggestExpr(c, n)
   if nfSem in n.flags: return
   case n.kind
   of nkIdent, nkAccQuoted:
-    let checks = if efNoEvaluateGeneric in flags:
-        {checkUndeclared, checkPureEnumFields}
-      elif efInCall in flags:
-        {checkUndeclared, checkModule, checkPureEnumFields}
-      else:
-        {checkUndeclared, checkModule, checkAmbiguity, checkPureEnumFields}
-    var s = qualifiedLookUp(c, n, checks)
+    let s = resolveIdentToSym(c, n, result, flags, expectedType)
+    if s == nil:
+      # resolveIdentToSym either errored or gave a result node
+      return
     if c.matchedConcept == nil: semCaptureSym(s, c.p.owner)
-    if s.kind in {skProc, skFunc, skMethod, skConverter, skIterator}:
+    case s.kind
+    of skProc, skFunc, skMethod, skConverter, skIterator:
       #performProcvarCheck(c, n, s)
       result = symChoice(c, n, s, scClosed)
       if result.kind == nkSym:
@@ -2605,62 +3309,96 @@ proc semExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode =
       # "procs literals" are 'owned'
       if optOwnedRefs in c.config.globalOptions:
         result.typ = makeVarType(c, result.typ, tyOwned)
+    of skEnumField:
+      result = enumFieldSymChoice(c, n, s, flags)
     else:
       result = semSym(c, n, s, flags)
+    if isSymChoice(result):
+      result = semSymChoice(c, result, flags, expectedType)
+  of nkClosedSymChoice, nkOpenSymChoice:
+    result = semSymChoice(c, n, flags, expectedType)
   of nkSym:
+    let s = n.sym
+    if nfDisabledOpenSym in n.flags:
+      let override = genericsOpenSym in c.features
+      let res = semOpenSym(c, n, flags, expectedType,
+        warnDisabled = not override)
+      if res != nil:
+        assert override
+        return res
     # because of the changed symbol binding, this does not mean that we
     # don't have to check the symbol for semantics here again!
-    result = semSym(c, n, n.sym, flags)
+    result = semSym(c, n, s, flags)
+  of nkOpenSym:
+    assert n.len == 1
+    let inner = n[0]
+    result = semOpenSym(c, inner, flags, expectedType)
   of nkEmpty, nkNone, nkCommentStmt, nkType:
     discard
   of nkNilLit:
-    if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(c.graph, n.info, tyNil)
+    if result.typ == nil:
+      result.typ = getNilType(c)
+      if expectedType != nil and expectedType.kind notin {tyUntyped, tyTyped}:
+        var m = newCandidate(c, result.typ)
+        if typeRel(m, expectedType, result.typ) >= isSubtype:
+          result.typ = expectedType
+        # or: result = fitNode(c, expectedType, result, n.info)
   of nkIntLit:
-    if result.typ == nil: setIntLitType(c.graph, result)
-  of nkInt8Lit:
-    if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(c.graph, n.info, tyInt8)
-  of nkInt16Lit:
-    if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(c.graph, n.info, tyInt16)
-  of nkInt32Lit:
-    if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(c.graph, n.info, tyInt32)
-  of nkInt64Lit:
-    if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(c.graph, n.info, tyInt64)
-  of nkUIntLit:
-    if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(c.graph, n.info, tyUInt)
-  of nkUInt8Lit:
-    if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(c.graph, n.info, tyUInt8)
-  of nkUInt16Lit:
-    if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(c.graph, n.info, tyUInt16)
-  of nkUInt32Lit:
-    if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(c.graph, n.info, tyUInt32)
-  of nkUInt64Lit:
-    if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(c.graph, n.info, tyUInt64)
-  #of nkFloatLit:
-  #  if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getFloatLitType(result)
-  of nkFloat32Lit:
-    if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(c.graph, n.info, tyFloat32)
-  of nkFloat64Lit, nkFloatLit:
-    if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(c.graph, n.info, tyFloat64)
-  of nkFloat128Lit:
-    if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(c.graph, n.info, tyFloat128)
+    if result.typ == nil:
+      if expectedType != nil and (
+          let expected = expectedType.skipTypes(abstractRange-{tyDistinct});
+          expected.kind in {tyInt..tyInt64,
+            tyUInt..tyUInt64,
+            tyFloat..tyFloat128}):
+        if expected.kind in {tyFloat..tyFloat128}:
+          n.transitionIntToFloatKind(nkFloatLit)
+        changeType(c, result, expectedType, check=true)
+      else:
+        setIntLitType(c, result)
+  of nkInt8Lit: directLiteral(tyInt8)
+  of nkInt16Lit: directLiteral(tyInt16)
+  of nkInt32Lit: directLiteral(tyInt32)
+  of nkInt64Lit: directLiteral(tyInt64)
+  of nkUIntLit: directLiteral(tyUInt)
+  of nkUInt8Lit: directLiteral(tyUInt8)
+  of nkUInt16Lit: directLiteral(tyUInt16)
+  of nkUInt32Lit: directLiteral(tyUInt32)
+  of nkUInt64Lit: directLiteral(tyUInt64)
+  of nkFloatLit:
+    if result.typ == nil:
+      if expectedType != nil and (
+          let expected = expectedType.skipTypes(abstractRange-{tyDistinct});
+          expected.kind in {tyFloat..tyFloat128}):
+        result.typ = expected
+        changeType(c, result, expectedType, check=true)
+      else:
+        result.typ = getSysType(c.graph, n.info, tyFloat64)
+  of nkFloat32Lit: directLiteral(tyFloat32)
+  of nkFloat64Lit: directLiteral(tyFloat64)
+  of nkFloat128Lit: directLiteral(tyFloat128)
   of nkStrLit..nkTripleStrLit:
-    if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(c.graph, n.info, tyString)
-  of nkCharLit:
-    if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(c.graph, n.info, tyChar)
+    if result.typ == nil:
+      if expectedType != nil and (
+          let expected = expectedType.skipTypes(abstractRange-{tyDistinct});
+          expected.kind in {tyString, tyCstring}):
+        result.typ = expectedType
+      else:
+        result.typ = getSysType(c.graph, n.info, tyString)
+  of nkCharLit: directLiteral(tyChar)
   of nkDotExpr:
     result = semFieldAccess(c, n, flags)
     if result.kind == nkDotCall:
       result.transitionSonsKind(nkCall)
-      result = semExpr(c, result, flags)
+      result = semExpr(c, result, flags, expectedType)
   of nkBind:
     message(c.config, n.info, warnDeprecated, "bind is deprecated")
-    result = semExpr(c, n[0], flags)
-  of nkTypeOfExpr, nkTupleTy, nkTupleClassTy, nkRefTy..nkEnumTy, nkStaticTy:
+    result = semExpr(c, n[0], flags, expectedType)
+  of nkTypeOfExpr..nkTupleClassTy, nkStaticTy, nkRefTy..nkEnumTy:
     if c.matchedConcept != nil and n.len == 1:
       let modifier = n.modifierTypeKindOfNode
       if modifier != tyNone:
         var baseType = semExpr(c, n[0]).typ.skipTypes({tyTypeDesc})
-        result.typ = c.makeTypeDesc(c.newTypeWithSons(modifier, @[baseType]))
+        result.typ = c.makeTypeDesc(newTypeS(modifier, c, baseType))
         return
     var typ = semTypeNode(c, n, nil).skipTypes({tyTypeDesc})
     result.typ = makeTypeDesc(c, typ)
@@ -2673,40 +3411,51 @@ proc semExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode =
     #when defined(nimsuggest):
     #  if gIdeCmd == ideCon and c.config.m.trackPos == n.info: suggestExprNoCheck(c, n)
     let mode = if nfDotField in n.flags: {} else: {checkUndeclared}
+    c.isAmbiguous = false
     var s = qualifiedLookUp(c, n[0], mode)
     if s != nil:
-      #if c.config.cmd == cmdPretty and n[0].kind == nkDotExpr:
-      #  pretty.checkUse(n[0][1].info, s)
       case s.kind
       of skMacro, skTemplate:
-        result = semDirectOp(c, n, flags)
+        result = semDirectOp(c, n, flags, expectedType)
       of skType:
         # XXX think about this more (``set`` procs)
-        let ambig = contains(c.ambiguousSymbols, s.id)
-        if not (n[0].kind in {nkClosedSymChoice, nkOpenSymChoice, nkIdent} and ambig) and n.len == 2:
-          result = semConv(c, n)
-        elif ambig and n.len == 1:
-          errorUseQualifier(c, n.info, s)
+        let ambig = c.isAmbiguous
+        if not (n[0].kind in nkSymChoices + {nkIdent, nkDotExpr} and ambig) and n.len == 2:
+          result = semConv(c, n, flags, expectedType)
         elif n.len == 1:
-          result = semObjConstr(c, n, flags)
-        elif s.magic == mNone: result = semDirectOp(c, n, flags)
-        else: result = semMagic(c, n, s, flags)
+          if ambig:
+            errorUseQualifier(c, n.info, s)
+          else:
+            result = semObjConstr(c, n, flags, expectedType)
+        elif s.magic == mNone: result = semDirectOp(c, n, flags, expectedType)
+        else: result = semMagic(c, n, s, flags, expectedType)
       of skProc, skFunc, skMethod, skConverter, skIterator:
-        if s.magic == mNone: result = semDirectOp(c, n, flags)
-        else: result = semMagic(c, n, s, flags)
+        if s.magic == mNone: result = semDirectOp(c, n, flags, expectedType)
+        else: result = semMagic(c, n, s, flags, expectedType)
       else:
         #liMessage(n.info, warnUser, renderTree(n));
-        result = semIndirectOp(c, n, flags)
-    elif (n[0].kind == nkBracketExpr or shouldBeBracketExpr(n)) and
-        isSymChoice(n[0][0]):
-      # indirectOp can deal with explicit instantiations; the fixes
-      # the 'newSeq[T](x)' bug
-      setGenericParams(c, n[0])
-      result = semDirectOp(c, n, flags)
-    elif isSymChoice(n[0]) or nfDotField in n.flags:
-      result = semDirectOp(c, n, flags)
+        result = semIndirectOp(c, n, flags, expectedType)
+    elif isExplicitGenericCall(c, n): # this modifies `n` if true
+      result = semDirectOp(c, n, flags, expectedType)
+    elif nfDotField in n.flags:
+      result = semDirectOp(c, n, flags, expectedType)
+    elif isSymChoice(n[0]):
+      let b = asBracketExpr(c, n)
+      if b != nil:
+        result = semExpr(c, b, flags, expectedType)
+      else:
+        result = semDirectOp(c, n, flags, expectedType)
     else:
-      result = semIndirectOp(c, n, flags)
+      result = semIndirectOp(c, n, flags, expectedType)
+
+    if nfDefaultRefsParam in result.flags:
+      result = result.copyTree #XXX: Figure out what causes default param nodes to be shared.. (sigmatch bug?)
+      # We've found a default value that references another param.
+      # See the notes in `hoistParamsUsedInDefault` for more details.
+      var hoistedParams = newNodeI(nkLetSection, result.info)
+      for i in 1..<result.len:
+        hoistParamsUsedInDefault(c, result, hoistedParams, result[i])
+      result = newTreeIT(nkStmtListExpr, result.info, result.typ, hoistedParams, result)
   of nkWhen:
     if efWantStmt in flags:
       result = semWhen(c, n, true)
@@ -2716,12 +3465,12 @@ proc semExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode =
         # This is a "when nimvm" stmt.
         result = semWhen(c, n, true)
       else:
-        result = semExpr(c, result, flags)
+        result = semExpr(c, result, flags, expectedType)
   of nkBracketExpr:
     checkMinSonsLen(n, 1, c.config)
-    result = semArrayAccess(c, n, flags)
+    result = semArrayAccess(c, n, flags, expectedType)
   of nkCurlyExpr:
-    result = semExpr(c, buildOverloadedSubscripts(n, getIdent(c.cache, "{}")), flags)
+    result = semExpr(c, buildOverloadedSubscripts(n, getIdent(c.cache, "{}")), flags, expectedType)
   of nkPragmaExpr:
     var
       pragma = n[1]
@@ -2743,24 +3492,24 @@ proc semExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode =
   of nkPar, nkTupleConstr:
     case checkPar(c, n)
     of paNone: result = errorNode(c, n)
-    of paTuplePositions: result = semTupleConstr(c, n, flags)
-    of paTupleFields: result = semTupleFieldsConstr(c, n, flags)
-    of paSingle: result = semExpr(c, n[0], flags)
-  of nkCurly: result = semSetConstr(c, n)
-  of nkBracket: result = semArrayConstr(c, n, flags)
-  of nkObjConstr: result = semObjConstr(c, n, flags)
-  of nkLambdaKinds: result = semLambda(c, n, flags)
-  of nkDerefExpr: result = semDeref(c, n)
+    of paTuplePositions: result = semTupleConstr(c, n, flags, expectedType)
+    of paTupleFields: result = semTupleFieldsConstr(c, n, flags, expectedType)
+    of paSingle: result = semExpr(c, n[0], flags, expectedType)
+  of nkCurly: result = semSetConstr(c, n, expectedType)
+  of nkBracket:
+    result = semArrayConstr(c, n, flags, expectedType)
+  of nkObjConstr: result = semObjConstr(c, n, flags, expectedType)
+  of nkLambdaKinds: result = semProcAux(c, n, skProc, lambdaPragmas, flags)
+  of nkDerefExpr: result = semDeref(c, n, flags)
   of nkAddr:
     result = n
     checkSonsLen(n, 1, c.config)
-    result[0] = semAddrArg(c, n[0])
-    result.typ = makePtrType(c, result[0].typ)
+    result = semAddr(c, n[0])
   of nkHiddenAddr, nkHiddenDeref:
     checkSonsLen(n, 1, c.config)
-    n[0] = semExpr(c, n[0], flags)
+    n[0] = semExpr(c, n[0], flags, expectedType)
   of nkCast: result = semCast(c, n)
-  of nkIfExpr, nkIfStmt: result = semIf(c, n, flags)
+  of nkIfExpr, nkIfStmt: result = semIf(c, n, flags, expectedType)
   of nkHiddenStdConv, nkHiddenSubConv, nkConv, nkHiddenCallConv:
     checkSonsLen(n, 2, c.config)
     considerGenSyms(c, n)
@@ -2774,15 +3523,11 @@ proc semExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode =
     checkMinSonsLen(n, 2, c.config)
     considerGenSyms(c, n)
   of nkTableConstr:
-    result = semTableConstr(c, n)
-  of nkClosedSymChoice, nkOpenSymChoice:
-    # handling of sym choices is context dependent
-    # the node is left intact for now
-    discard
-  of nkStaticExpr: result = semStaticExpr(c, n[0])
-  of nkAsgn: result = semAsgn(c, n)
-  of nkBlockStmt, nkBlockExpr: result = semBlock(c, n, flags)
-  of nkStmtList, nkStmtListExpr: result = semStmtList(c, n, flags)
+    result = semTableConstr(c, n, expectedType)
+  of nkStaticExpr: result = semStaticExpr(c, n[0], expectedType)
+  of nkAsgn, nkFastAsgn: result = semAsgn(c, n)
+  of nkBlockStmt, nkBlockExpr: result = semBlock(c, n, flags, expectedType)
+  of nkStmtList, nkStmtListExpr: result = semStmtList(c, n, flags, expectedType)
   of nkRaiseStmt: result = semRaise(c, n)
   of nkVarSection: result = semVarOrLet(c, n, skVar)
   of nkLetSection: result = semVarOrLet(c, n, skLet)
@@ -2790,15 +3535,15 @@ proc semExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode =
   of nkTypeSection: result = semTypeSection(c, n)
   of nkDiscardStmt: result = semDiscard(c, n)
   of nkWhileStmt: result = semWhile(c, n, flags)
-  of nkTryStmt, nkHiddenTryStmt: result = semTry(c, n, flags)
+  of nkTryStmt, nkHiddenTryStmt: result = semTry(c, n, flags, expectedType)
   of nkBreakStmt, nkContinueStmt: result = semBreakOrContinue(c, n)
   of nkForStmt, nkParForStmt: result = semFor(c, n, flags)
-  of nkCaseStmt: result = semCase(c, n, flags)
+  of nkCaseStmt: result = semCase(c, n, flags, expectedType)
   of nkReturnStmt: result = semReturn(c, n)
   of nkUsingStmt: result = semUsing(c, n)
   of nkAsmStmt: result = semAsm(c, n)
   of nkYieldStmt: result = semYield(c, n)
-  of nkPragma: pragma(c, c.p.owner, n, stmtPragmas, true)
+  of nkPragma: semPragmaStmt(c, n)
   of nkIteratorDef: result = semIterator(c, n)
   of nkProcDef: result = semProc(c, n)
   of nkFuncDef: result = semFunc(c, n)
@@ -2832,13 +3577,15 @@ proc semExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode =
     if not isTopLevel(c): localError(c.config, n.info, errXOnlyAtModuleScope % "export")
     result = semExportExcept(c, n)
   of nkPragmaBlock:
-    result = semPragmaBlock(c, n)
+    result = semPragmaBlock(c, n, expectedType)
   of nkStaticStmt:
     result = semStaticStmt(c, n)
   of nkDefer:
     if c.currentScope == c.topLevelScope:
       localError(c.config, n.info, "defer statement not supported at top level")
+    openScope(c)
     n[0] = semExpr(c, n[0])
+    closeScope(c)
     if not n[0].typ.isEmptyType and not implicitlyDiscardable(n[0]):
       localError(c.config, n.info, "'defer' takes a 'void' expression")
     #localError(c.config, n.info, errGenerated, "'defer' not allowed in this context")
@@ -2847,7 +3594,20 @@ proc semExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode =
     for i in 0..<n.len:
       n[i] = semExpr(c, n[i])
   of nkComesFrom: discard "ignore the comes from information for now"
+  of nkMixinStmt: discard
+  of nkBindStmt:
+    if c.p != nil:
+      if n.len > 0 and n[0].kind == nkSym:
+        c.p.localBindStmts.add n
+    else:
+      localError(c.config, n.info, "invalid context for 'bind' statement: " &
+                renderTree(n, {renderNoComments}))
   else:
     localError(c.config, n.info, "invalid expression: " &
                renderTree(n, {renderNoComments}))
   if result != nil: incl(result.flags, nfSem)
+
+  when defined(nimsuggest):
+    if expandStarted:
+      c.config.expandNodeResult = $result
+      suggestQuit()