summary refs log tree commit diff stats
path: root/lib/pure/collections/deques.nim
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
Diffstat (limited to 'lib/pure/collections/deques.nim')
-rw-r--r--lib/pure/collections/deques.nim615
1 files changed, 262 insertions, 353 deletions
diff --git a/lib/pure/collections/deques.nim b/lib/pure/collections/deques.nim
index 1aa525bd6..d2b0099f2 100644
--- a/lib/pure/collections/deques.nim
+++ b/lib/pure/collections/deques.nim
@@ -7,186 +7,179 @@
 #    distribution, for details about the copyright.
 #
 
-## Implementation of a `deque`:idx: (double-ended queue).
-## The underlying implementation uses a ``seq``.
+## An implementation of a `deque`:idx: (double-ended queue).
+## The underlying implementation uses a `seq`.
 ##
-## None of the procs that get an individual value from the deque can be used
-## on an empty deque.
-## If compiled with `boundChecks` option, those procs will raise an `IndexError`
-## on such access. This should not be relied upon, as `-d:release` will
-## disable those checks and may return garbage or crash the program.
+## .. note:: None of the procs that get an individual value from the deque should be used
+##   on an empty deque.
+##
+## If compiled with the `boundChecks` option, those procs will raise an `IndexDefect`
+## on such access. This should not be relied upon, as `-d:danger` or `--checks:off` will
+## disable those checks and then the procs may return garbage or crash the program.
 ##
 ## As such, a check to see if the deque is empty is needed before any
 ## access, unless your program logic guarantees it indirectly.
-##
-## .. code-block:: Nim
-##   import deques
-##
-##   var a = initDeque[int]()
-##
-##   doAssertRaises(IndexError, echo a[0])
-##
-##   for i in 1 .. 5:
-##     a.addLast(10*i)
-##   assert $a == "[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]"
-##
-##   assert a.peekFirst == 10
-##   assert a.peekLast == 50
-##   assert len(a) == 5
-##
-##   assert a.popFirst == 10
-##   assert a.popLast == 50
-##   assert len(a) == 3
-##
-##   a.addFirst(11)
-##   a.addFirst(22)
-##   a.addFirst(33)
-##   assert $a == "[33, 22, 11, 20, 30, 40]"
-##
-##   a.shrink(fromFirst = 1, fromLast = 2)
-##   assert $a == "[22, 11, 20]"
-##
-##
-## **See also:**
+
+runnableExamples:
+  var a = [10, 20, 30, 40].toDeque
+
+  doAssertRaises(IndexDefect, echo a[4])
+
+  a.addLast(50)
+  assert $a == "[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]"
+
+  assert a.peekFirst == 10
+  assert a.peekLast == 50
+  assert len(a) == 5
+
+  assert a.popFirst == 10
+  assert a.popLast == 50
+  assert len(a) == 3
+
+  a.addFirst(11)
+  a.addFirst(22)
+  a.addFirst(33)
+  assert $a == "[33, 22, 11, 20, 30, 40]"
+
+  a.shrink(fromFirst = 1, fromLast = 2)
+  assert $a == "[22, 11, 20]"
+
+## See also
+## ========
 ## * `lists module <lists.html>`_ for singly and doubly linked lists and rings
-## * `channels module <channels.html>`_ for inter-thread communication
 
+import std/private/since
 
-import math
+import std/[assertions, hashes, math]
 
 type
   Deque*[T] = object
-    ## A double-ended queue backed with a ringed seq buffer.
+    ## A double-ended queue backed with a ringed `seq` buffer.
     ##
-    ## To initialize an empty deque use `initDeque proc <#initDeque,int>`_.
+    ## To initialize an empty deque,
+    ## use the `initDeque proc <#initDeque,int>`_.
     data: seq[T]
-    head, tail, count, mask: int
+
+    # `head` and `tail` are masked only when accessing an element of `data`
+    # so that `tail - head == data.len` when the deque is full.
+    # They are uint so that incrementing/decrementing them doesn't cause
+    # over/underflow. You can get a number of items with `tail - head`
+    # even if `tail` or `head` is wraps around and `tail < head`, because
+    # `tail - head == (uint.high + 1 + tail) - head` when `tail < head`.
+    head, tail: uint
 
 const
   defaultInitialSize* = 4
 
 template initImpl(result: typed, initialSize: int) =
-  assert isPowerOfTwo(initialSize)
-  result.mask = initialSize-1
-  newSeq(result.data, initialSize)
-  
+  let correctSize = nextPowerOfTwo(initialSize)
+  newSeq(result.data, correctSize)
+
 template checkIfInitialized(deq: typed) =
-  when compiles(defaultInitialSize):
-    if deq.mask == 0:
-      initImpl(deq, defaultInitialSize)
+  if deq.data.len == 0:
+    initImpl(deq, defaultInitialSize)
+
+func mask[T](deq: Deque[T]): uint {.inline.} =
+  uint(deq.data.len) - 1
 
-proc initDeque*[T](initialSize: int = 4): Deque[T] =
-  ## Create a new empty deque.
+proc initDeque*[T](initialSize: int = defaultInitialSize): Deque[T] =
+  ## Creates a new empty deque.
   ##
   ## Optionally, the initial capacity can be reserved via `initialSize`
-  ## as a performance optimization.
+  ## as a performance optimization
+  ## (default: `defaultInitialSize <#defaultInitialSize>`_).
   ## The length of a newly created deque will still be 0.
   ##
-  ## ``initialSize`` must be a power of two (default: 4).
-  ## If you need to accept runtime values for this you could use the
-  ## `nextPowerOfTwo proc<math.html#nextPowerOfTwo,int>`_ from the
-  ## `math module<math.html>`_.
+  ## **See also:**
+  ## * `toDeque proc <#toDeque,openArray[T]>`_
   result.initImpl(initialSize)
 
-proc len*[T](deq: Deque[T]): int {.inline.} =
-  ## Return the number of elements of `deq`.
-  result = deq.count
+func len*[T](deq: Deque[T]): int {.inline.} =
+  ## Returns the number of elements of `deq`.
+  int(deq.tail - deq.head)
 
 template emptyCheck(deq) =
   # Bounds check for the regular deque access.
   when compileOption("boundChecks"):
-    if unlikely(deq.count < 1):
-      raise newException(IndexError, "Empty deque.")
+    if unlikely(deq.len < 1):
+      raise newException(IndexDefect, "Empty deque.")
 
 template xBoundsCheck(deq, i) =
   # Bounds check for the array like accesses.
-  when compileOption("boundChecks"): # d:release should disable this.
-    if unlikely(i >= deq.count): # x < deq.low is taken care by the Natural parameter
-      raise newException(IndexError,
-                         "Out of bounds: " & $i & " > " & $(deq.count - 1))
+  when compileOption("boundChecks"): # `-d:danger` or `--checks:off` should disable this.
+    if unlikely(i >= deq.len): # x < deq.low is taken care by the Natural parameter
+      raise newException(IndexDefect,
+                         "Out of bounds: " & $i & " > " & $(deq.len - 1))
     if unlikely(i < 0): # when used with BackwardsIndex
-      raise newException(IndexError,
+      raise newException(IndexDefect,
                          "Out of bounds: " & $i & " < 0")
 
-proc `[]`*[T](deq: Deque[T], i: Natural): T {.inline.} =
-  ## Access the i-th element of `deq`.
+proc `[]`*[T](deq: Deque[T], i: Natural): lent T {.inline.} =
+  ## Accesses the `i`-th element of `deq`.
   runnableExamples:
-    var a = initDeque[int]()
-    for i in 1 .. 5:
-      a.addLast(10*i)
+    let a = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50].toDeque
     assert a[0] == 10
     assert a[3] == 40
-    doAssertRaises(IndexError, echo a[8])
+    doAssertRaises(IndexDefect, echo a[8])
 
   xBoundsCheck(deq, i)
-  return deq.data[(deq.head + i) and deq.mask]
+  return deq.data[(deq.head + i.uint) and deq.mask]
 
 proc `[]`*[T](deq: var Deque[T], i: Natural): var T {.inline.} =
-  ## Access the i-th element of `deq` and return a mutable
+  ## Accesses the `i`-th element of `deq` and returns a mutable
   ## reference to it.
   runnableExamples:
-    var a = initDeque[int]()
-    for i in 1 .. 5:
-      a.addLast(10*i)
-    assert a[0] == 10
-    assert a[3] == 40
-    doAssertRaises(IndexError, echo a[8])
+    var a = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50].toDeque
+    inc(a[0])
+    assert a[0] == 11
 
   xBoundsCheck(deq, i)
-  return deq.data[(deq.head + i) and deq.mask]
+  return deq.data[(deq.head + i.uint) and deq.mask]
 
-proc `[]=`*[T](deq: var Deque[T], i: Natural, val: T) {.inline.} =
-  ## Change the i-th element of `deq`.
+proc `[]=`*[T](deq: var Deque[T], i: Natural, val: sink T) {.inline.} =
+  ## Sets the `i`-th element of `deq` to `val`.
   runnableExamples:
-    var a = initDeque[int]()
-    for i in 1 .. 5:
-      a.addLast(10*i)
+    var a = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50].toDeque
     a[0] = 99
     a[3] = 66
     assert $a == "[99, 20, 30, 66, 50]"
 
   checkIfInitialized(deq)
   xBoundsCheck(deq, i)
-  deq.data[(deq.head + i) and deq.mask] = val
+  deq.data[(deq.head + i.uint) and deq.mask] = val
 
-proc `[]`*[T](deq: Deque[T], i: BackwardsIndex): T {.inline.} =
-  ## Access the backwards indexed i-th element.
+proc `[]`*[T](deq: Deque[T], i: BackwardsIndex): lent T {.inline.} =
+  ## Accesses the backwards indexed `i`-th element.
   ##
   ## `deq[^1]` is the last element.
   runnableExamples:
-    var a = initDeque[int]()
-    for i in 1 .. 5:
-      a.addLast(10*i)
+    let a = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50].toDeque
     assert a[^1] == 50
     assert a[^4] == 20
-    doAssertRaises(IndexError, echo a[^9])
+    doAssertRaises(IndexDefect, echo a[^9])
 
   xBoundsCheck(deq, deq.len - int(i))
   return deq[deq.len - int(i)]
 
 proc `[]`*[T](deq: var Deque[T], i: BackwardsIndex): var T {.inline.} =
-  ## Access the backwards indexed i-th element.
+  ## Accesses the backwards indexed `i`-th element and returns a mutable
+  ## reference to it.
   ##
   ## `deq[^1]` is the last element.
   runnableExamples:
-    var a = initDeque[int]()
-    for i in 1 .. 5:
-      a.addLast(10*i)
-    assert a[^1] == 50
-    assert a[^4] == 20
-    doAssertRaises(IndexError, echo a[^9])
+    var a = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50].toDeque
+    inc(a[^1])
+    assert a[^1] == 51
 
   xBoundsCheck(deq, deq.len - int(i))
   return deq[deq.len - int(i)]
 
-proc `[]=`*[T](deq: var Deque[T], i: BackwardsIndex, x: T) {.inline.} =
-  ## Change the backwards indexed i-th element.
+proc `[]=`*[T](deq: var Deque[T], i: BackwardsIndex, x: sink T) {.inline.} =
+  ## Sets the backwards indexed `i`-th element of `deq` to `x`.
   ##
   ## `deq[^1]` is the last element.
   runnableExamples:
-    var a = initDeque[int]()
-    for i in 1 .. 5:
-      a.addLast(10*i)
+    var a = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50].toDeque
     a[^1] = 99
     a[^3] = 77
     assert $a == "[10, 20, 77, 40, 99]"
@@ -195,166 +188,143 @@ proc `[]=`*[T](deq: var Deque[T], i: BackwardsIndex, x: T) {.inline.} =
   xBoundsCheck(deq, deq.len - int(i))
   deq[deq.len - int(i)] = x
 
-iterator items*[T](deq: Deque[T]): T =
-  ## Yield every element of `deq`.
-  ##
-  ## **Examples:**
+iterator items*[T](deq: Deque[T]): lent T =
+  ## Yields every element of `deq`.
   ##
-  ## .. code-block::
-  ##   var a = initDeque[int]()
-  ##   for i in 1 .. 3:
-  ##     a.addLast(10*i)
-  ##
-  ##   for x in a:  # the same as: for x in items(a):
-  ##     echo x
-  ##
-  ##   # 10
-  ##   # 20
-  ##   # 30
-  ##
-  var i = deq.head
-  for c in 0 ..< deq.count:
-    yield deq.data[i]
-    i = (i + 1) and deq.mask
+  ## **See also:**
+  ## * `mitems iterator <#mitems.i,Deque[T]>`_
+  runnableExamples:
+    from std/sequtils import toSeq
+
+    let a = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50].toDeque
+    assert toSeq(a.items) == @[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
+
+  for c in 0 ..< deq.len:
+    yield deq.data[(deq.head + c.uint) and deq.mask]
 
 iterator mitems*[T](deq: var Deque[T]): var T =
-  ## Yield every element of `deq`, which can be modified.
+  ## Yields every element of `deq`, which can be modified.
+  ##
+  ## **See also:**
+  ## * `items iterator <#items.i,Deque[T]>`_
   runnableExamples:
-    var a = initDeque[int]()
-    for i in 1 .. 5:
-      a.addLast(10*i)
+    var a = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50].toDeque
     assert $a == "[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]"
     for x in mitems(a):
-      x = 5*x - 1
+      x = 5 * x - 1
     assert $a == "[49, 99, 149, 199, 249]"
 
-  var i = deq.head
-  for c in 0 ..< deq.count:
-    yield deq.data[i]
-    i = (i + 1) and deq.mask
+  for c in 0 ..< deq.len:
+    yield deq.data[(deq.head + c.uint) and deq.mask]
 
 iterator pairs*[T](deq: Deque[T]): tuple[key: int, val: T] =
-  ## Yield every (position, value) of `deq`.
-  ##
-  ## **Examples:**
-  ##
-  ## .. code-block::
-  ##   var a = initDeque[int]()
-  ##   for i in 1 .. 3:
-  ##     a.addLast(10*i)
-  ##
-  ##   for k, v in pairs(a):
-  ##     echo "key: ", k, ", value: ", v
-  ##
-  ##   # key: 0, value: 10
-  ##   # key: 1, value: 20
-  ##   # key: 2, value: 30
-  ##
-  var i = deq.head
-  for c in 0 ..< deq.count:
-    yield (c, deq.data[i])
-    i = (i + 1) and deq.mask
+  ## Yields every `(position, value)`-pair of `deq`.
+  runnableExamples:
+    from std/sequtils import toSeq
+
+    let a = [10, 20, 30].toDeque
+    assert toSeq(a.pairs) == @[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]
+
+  for c in 0 ..< deq.len:
+    yield (c, deq.data[(deq.head + c.uint) and deq.mask])
 
 proc contains*[T](deq: Deque[T], item: T): bool {.inline.} =
-  ## Return true if `item` is in `deq` or false if not found.
-  ##
-  ## Usually used via the ``in`` operator.
-  ## It is the equivalent of ``deq.find(item) >= 0``.
+  ## Returns true if `item` is in `deq` or false if not found.
   ##
-  ## .. code-block:: Nim
-  ##   if x in q:
-  ##     assert q.contains(x)
+  ## Usually used via the `in` operator.
+  ## It is the equivalent of `deq.find(item) >= 0`.
+  runnableExamples:
+    let q = [7, 9].toDeque
+    assert 7 in q
+    assert q.contains(7)
+    assert 8 notin q
+
   for e in deq:
     if e == item: return true
   return false
 
 proc expandIfNeeded[T](deq: var Deque[T]) =
   checkIfInitialized(deq)
-  var cap = deq.mask + 1
-  if unlikely(deq.count >= cap):
+  let cap = deq.data.len
+  assert deq.len <= cap
+  if unlikely(deq.len == cap):
     var n = newSeq[T](cap * 2)
     var i = 0
-    for x in mitems(deq): # don't use copyMem because of the GC and because it's slower.
-      n[i] = move(x)
+    for x in mitems(deq):
+      when nimvm: n[i] = x # workaround for VM bug
+      else: n[i] = move(x)
       inc i
     deq.data = move(n)
-    deq.mask = cap * 2 - 1
-    deq.tail = deq.count
+    deq.tail = cap.uint
     deq.head = 0
 
-proc addFirst*[T](deq: var Deque[T], item: T) =
-  ## Add an `item` to the beginning of the `deq`.
+proc addFirst*[T](deq: var Deque[T], item: sink T) =
+  ## Adds an `item` to the beginning of `deq`.
   ##
-  ## See also:
-  ## * `addLast proc <#addLast,Deque[T],T>`_
-  ## * `peekFirst proc <#peekFirst,Deque[T]>`_
-  ## * `peekLast proc <#peekLast,Deque[T]>`_
-  ## * `popFirst proc <#popFirst,Deque[T]>`_
-  ## * `popLast proc <#popLast,Deque[T]>`_
+  ## **See also:**
+  ## * `addLast proc <#addLast,Deque[T],sinkT>`_
   runnableExamples:
     var a = initDeque[int]()
     for i in 1 .. 5:
-      a.addFirst(10*i)
+      a.addFirst(10 * i)
     assert $a == "[50, 40, 30, 20, 10]"
 
   expandIfNeeded(deq)
-  inc deq.count
-  deq.head = (deq.head - 1) and deq.mask
-  deq.data[deq.head] = item
+  dec deq.head
+  deq.data[deq.head and deq.mask] = item
 
-proc addLast*[T](deq: var Deque[T], item: T) =
-  ## Add an `item` to the end of the `deq`.
+proc addLast*[T](deq: var Deque[T], item: sink T) =
+  ## Adds an `item` to the end of `deq`.
   ##
-  ## See also:
-  ## * `addFirst proc <#addFirst,Deque[T],T>`_
-  ## * `peekFirst proc <#peekFirst,Deque[T]>`_
-  ## * `peekLast proc <#peekLast,Deque[T]>`_
-  ## * `popFirst proc <#popFirst,Deque[T]>`_
-  ## * `popLast proc <#popLast,Deque[T]>`_
+  ## **See also:**
+  ## * `addFirst proc <#addFirst,Deque[T],sinkT>`_
   runnableExamples:
     var a = initDeque[int]()
     for i in 1 .. 5:
-      a.addLast(10*i)
+      a.addLast(10 * i)
     assert $a == "[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]"
 
   expandIfNeeded(deq)
-  inc deq.count
-  deq.data[deq.tail] = item
-  deq.tail = (deq.tail + 1) and deq.mask
+  deq.data[deq.tail and deq.mask] = item
+  inc deq.tail
+
+proc toDeque*[T](x: openArray[T]): Deque[T] {.since: (1, 3).} =
+  ## Creates a new deque that contains the elements of `x` (in the same order).
+  ##
+  ## **See also:**
+  ## * `initDeque proc <#initDeque,int>`_
+  runnableExamples:
+    let a = toDeque([7, 8, 9])
+    assert len(a) == 3
+    assert $a == "[7, 8, 9]"
+
+  result.initImpl(x.len)
+  for item in items(x):
+    result.addLast(item)
 
-proc peekFirst*[T](deq: Deque[T]): T {.inline.} =
+proc peekFirst*[T](deq: Deque[T]): lent T {.inline.} =
   ## Returns the first element of `deq`, but does not remove it from the deque.
   ##
-  ## See also:
-  ## * `addFirst proc <#addFirst,Deque[T],T>`_
-  ## * `addLast proc <#addLast,Deque[T],T>`_
+  ## **See also:**
+  ## * `peekFirst proc <#peekFirst,Deque[T]_2>`_ which returns a mutable reference
   ## * `peekLast proc <#peekLast,Deque[T]>`_
-  ## * `popFirst proc <#popFirst,Deque[T]>`_
-  ## * `popLast proc <#popLast,Deque[T]>`_
   runnableExamples:
-    var a = initDeque[int]()
-    for i in 1 .. 5:
-      a.addLast(10*i)
+    let a = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50].toDeque
     assert $a == "[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]"
     assert a.peekFirst == 10
     assert len(a) == 5
 
   emptyCheck(deq)
-  result = deq.data[deq.head]
+  result = deq.data[deq.head and deq.mask]
 
-proc peekLast*[T](deq: Deque[T]): T {.inline.} =
+proc peekLast*[T](deq: Deque[T]): lent T {.inline.} =
   ## Returns the last element of `deq`, but does not remove it from the deque.
   ##
-  ## See also:
-  ## * `addFirst proc <#addFirst,Deque[T],T>`_
-  ## * `addLast proc <#addLast,Deque[T],T>`_
+  ## **See also:**
+  ## * `peekLast proc <#peekLast,Deque[T]_2>`_ which returns a mutable reference
   ## * `peekFirst proc <#peekFirst,Deque[T]>`_
-  ## * `popFirst proc <#popFirst,Deque[T]>`_
-  ## * `popLast proc <#popLast,Deque[T]>`_
   runnableExamples:
-    var a = initDeque[int]()
-    for i in 1 .. 5:
-      a.addLast(10*i)
+    let a = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50].toDeque
     assert $a == "[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]"
     assert a.peekLast == 50
     assert len(a) == 5
@@ -362,210 +332,149 @@ proc peekLast*[T](deq: Deque[T]): T {.inline.} =
   emptyCheck(deq)
   result = deq.data[(deq.tail - 1) and deq.mask]
 
+proc peekFirst*[T](deq: var Deque[T]): var T {.inline, since: (1, 3).} =
+  ## Returns a mutable reference to the first element of `deq`,
+  ## but does not remove it from the deque.
+  ##
+  ## **See also:**
+  ## * `peekFirst proc <#peekFirst,Deque[T]>`_
+  ## * `peekLast proc <#peekLast,Deque[T]_2>`_
+  runnableExamples:
+    var a = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50].toDeque
+    a.peekFirst() = 99
+    assert $a == "[99, 20, 30, 40, 50]"
+
+  emptyCheck(deq)
+  result = deq.data[deq.head and deq.mask]
+
+proc peekLast*[T](deq: var Deque[T]): var T {.inline, since: (1, 3).} =
+  ## Returns a mutable reference to the last element of `deq`,
+  ## but does not remove it from the deque.
+  ##
+  ## **See also:**
+  ## * `peekFirst proc <#peekFirst,Deque[T]_2>`_
+  ## * `peekLast proc <#peekLast,Deque[T]>`_
+  runnableExamples:
+    var a = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50].toDeque
+    a.peekLast() = 99
+    assert $a == "[10, 20, 30, 40, 99]"
+
+  emptyCheck(deq)
+  result = deq.data[(deq.tail - 1) and deq.mask]
+
 template destroy(x: untyped) =
   reset(x)
 
 proc popFirst*[T](deq: var Deque[T]): T {.inline, discardable.} =
-  ## Remove and returns the first element of the `deq`.
+  ## Removes and returns the first element of the `deq`.
   ##
   ## See also:
-  ## * `addFirst proc <#addFirst,Deque[T],T>`_
-  ## * `addLast proc <#addLast,Deque[T],T>`_
-  ## * `peekFirst proc <#peekFirst,Deque[T]>`_
-  ## * `peekLast proc <#peekLast,Deque[T]>`_
   ## * `popLast proc <#popLast,Deque[T]>`_
-  ## * `clear proc <#clear,Deque[T]>`_
   ## * `shrink proc <#shrink,Deque[T],int,int>`_
   runnableExamples:
-    var a = initDeque[int]()
-    for i in 1 .. 5:
-      a.addLast(10*i)
+    var a = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50].toDeque
     assert $a == "[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]"
     assert a.popFirst == 10
     assert $a == "[20, 30, 40, 50]"
 
   emptyCheck(deq)
-  dec deq.count
-  result = deq.data[deq.head]
-  destroy(deq.data[deq.head])
-  deq.head = (deq.head + 1) and deq.mask
+  result = move deq.data[deq.head and deq.mask]
+  inc deq.head
 
 proc popLast*[T](deq: var Deque[T]): T {.inline, discardable.} =
-  ## Remove and returns the last element of the `deq`.
+  ## Removes and returns the last element of the `deq`.
   ##
-  ## See also:
-  ## * `addFirst proc <#addFirst,Deque[T],T>`_
-  ## * `addLast proc <#addLast,Deque[T],T>`_
-  ## * `peekFirst proc <#peekFirst,Deque[T]>`_
-  ## * `peekLast proc <#peekLast,Deque[T]>`_
+  ## **See also:**
   ## * `popFirst proc <#popFirst,Deque[T]>`_
-  ## * `clear proc <#clear,Deque[T]>`_
   ## * `shrink proc <#shrink,Deque[T],int,int>`_
   runnableExamples:
-    var a = initDeque[int]()
-    for i in 1 .. 5:
-      a.addLast(10*i)
+    var a = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50].toDeque
     assert $a == "[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]"
     assert a.popLast == 50
     assert $a == "[10, 20, 30, 40]"
 
   emptyCheck(deq)
-  dec deq.count
-  deq.tail = (deq.tail - 1) and deq.mask
-  result = deq.data[deq.tail]
-  destroy(deq.data[deq.tail])
+  dec deq.tail
+  result = move deq.data[deq.tail and deq.mask]
 
 proc clear*[T](deq: var Deque[T]) {.inline.} =
   ## Resets the deque so that it is empty.
   ##
-  ## See also:
-  ## * `clear proc <#clear,Deque[T]>`_
+  ## **See also:**
   ## * `shrink proc <#shrink,Deque[T],int,int>`_
   runnableExamples:
-    var a = initDeque[int]()
-    for i in 1 .. 5:
-      a.addFirst(10*i)
-    assert $a == "[50, 40, 30, 20, 10]"
+    var a = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50].toDeque
+    assert $a == "[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]"
     clear(a)
     assert len(a) == 0
 
   for el in mitems(deq): destroy(el)
-  deq.count = 0
   deq.tail = deq.head
 
 proc shrink*[T](deq: var Deque[T], fromFirst = 0, fromLast = 0) =
-  ## Remove `fromFirst` elements from the front of the deque and
+  ## Removes `fromFirst` elements from the front of the deque and
   ## `fromLast` elements from the back.
   ##
   ## If the supplied number of elements exceeds the total number of elements
   ## in the deque, the deque will remain empty.
   ##
-  ## See also:
+  ## **See also:**
   ## * `clear proc <#clear,Deque[T]>`_
+  ## * `popFirst proc <#popFirst,Deque[T]>`_
+  ## * `popLast proc <#popLast,Deque[T]>`_
   runnableExamples:
-    var a = initDeque[int]()
-    for i in 1 .. 5:
-      a.addFirst(10*i)
-    assert $a == "[50, 40, 30, 20, 10]"
+    var a = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50].toDeque
+    assert $a == "[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]"
     a.shrink(fromFirst = 2, fromLast = 1)
-    assert $a == "[30, 20]"
+    assert $a == "[30, 40]"
 
-  if fromFirst + fromLast > deq.count:
+  if fromFirst + fromLast > deq.len:
     clear(deq)
     return
 
   for i in 0 ..< fromFirst:
-    destroy(deq.data[deq.head])
-    deq.head = (deq.head + 1) and deq.mask
+    destroy(deq.data[deq.head and deq.mask])
+    inc deq.head
 
   for i in 0 ..< fromLast:
-    destroy(deq.data[deq.tail])
-    deq.tail = (deq.tail - 1) and deq.mask
-
-  dec deq.count, fromFirst + fromLast
+    destroy(deq.data[(deq.tail - 1) and deq.mask])
+    dec deq.tail
 
 proc `$`*[T](deq: Deque[T]): string =
-  ## Turn a deque into its string representation.
+  ## Turns a deque into its string representation.
+  runnableExamples:
+    let a = [10, 20, 30].toDeque
+    assert $a == "[10, 20, 30]"
+
   result = "["
   for x in deq:
     if result.len > 1: result.add(", ")
     result.addQuoted(x)
   result.add("]")
 
+func `==`*[T](deq1, deq2: Deque[T]): bool =
+  ## The `==` operator for Deque.
+  ## Returns `true` if both deques contains the same values in the same order.
+  runnableExamples:
+    var a, b = initDeque[int]()
+    a.addFirst(2)
+    a.addFirst(1)
+    b.addLast(1)
+    b.addLast(2)
+    doAssert a == b
 
+  if deq1.len != deq2.len:
+    return false
 
-when isMainModule:
-  var deq = initDeque[int](1)
-  deq.addLast(4)
-  deq.addFirst(9)
-  deq.addFirst(123)
-  var first = deq.popFirst()
-  deq.addLast(56)
-  assert(deq.peekLast() == 56)
-  deq.addLast(6)
-  assert(deq.peekLast() == 6)
-  var second = deq.popFirst()
-  deq.addLast(789)
-  assert(deq.peekLast() == 789)
-
-  assert first == 123
-  assert second == 9
-  assert($deq == "[4, 56, 6, 789]")
-
-  assert deq[0] == deq.peekFirst and deq.peekFirst == 4
-  #assert deq[^1] == deq.peekLast and deq.peekLast == 789
-  deq[0] = 42
-  deq[deq.len - 1] = 7
-
-  assert 6 in deq and 789 notin deq
-  assert deq.find(6) >= 0
-  assert deq.find(789) < 0
-
-  block:
-    var d = initDeque[int](1)
-    d.addLast 7
-    d.addLast 8
-    d.addLast 10
-    d.addFirst 5
-    d.addFirst 2
-    d.addFirst 1
-    d.addLast 20
-    d.shrink(fromLast = 2)
-    doAssert($d == "[1, 2, 5, 7, 8]")
-    d.shrink(2, 1)
-    doAssert($d == "[5, 7]")
-    d.shrink(2, 2)
-    doAssert d.len == 0
-
-  for i in -2 .. 10:
-    if i in deq:
-      assert deq.contains(i) and deq.find(i) >= 0
-    else:
-      assert(not deq.contains(i) and deq.find(i) < 0)
+  for i in 0 ..< deq1.len:
+    if deq1.data[(deq1.head + i.uint) and deq1.mask] != deq2.data[(deq2.head + i.uint) and deq2.mask]:
+      return false
 
-  when compileOption("boundChecks"):
-    try:
-      echo deq[99]
-      assert false
-    except IndexError:
-      discard
-
-    try:
-      assert deq.len == 4
-      for i in 0 ..< 5: deq.popFirst()
-      assert false
-    except IndexError:
-      discard
-
-  # grabs some types of resize error.
-  deq = initDeque[int]()
-  for i in 1 .. 4: deq.addLast i
-  deq.popFirst()
-  deq.popLast()
-  for i in 5 .. 8: deq.addFirst i
-  assert $deq == "[8, 7, 6, 5, 2, 3]"
-
-  # Similar to proc from the documentation example
-  proc foo(a, b: Positive) = # assume random positive values for `a` and `b`.
-    var deq = initDeque[int]()
-    assert deq.len == 0
-    for i in 1 .. a: deq.addLast i
-
-    if b < deq.len: # checking before indexed access.
-      assert deq[b] == b + 1
-
-    # The following two lines don't need any checking on access due to the logic
-    # of the program, but that would not be the case if `a` could be 0.
-    assert deq.peekFirst == 1
-    assert deq.peekLast == a
-
-    while deq.len > 0: # checking if the deque is empty
-      assert deq.popFirst() > 0
-
-  #foo(0,0)
-  foo(8, 5)
-  foo(10, 9)
-  foo(1, 1)
-  foo(2, 1)
-  foo(1, 5)
-  foo(3, 2)
+  true
+
+func hash*[T](deq: Deque[T]): Hash =
+  ## Hashing of Deque.
+  var h: Hash = 0
+  for x in deq:
+    h = h !& hash(x)
+  !$h