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-rw-r--r--rod/semexprs.nim1084
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diff --git a/rod/semexprs.nim b/rod/semexprs.nim
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--- a/rod/semexprs.nim
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1084 +0,0 @@
-#
-#
-#           The Nimrod Compiler
-#        (c) Copyright 2010 Andreas Rumpf
-#
-#    See the file "copying.txt", included in this
-#    distribution, for details about the copyright.
-#
-
-# this module does the semantic checking for expressions
-const 
-  ConstAbstractTypes = {tyNil, tyChar, tyInt..tyInt64, tyFloat..tyFloat128, 
-    tyArrayConstr, tyTuple, tySet}
-
-proc semTemplateExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode, s: PSym,
-                     semCheck: bool = true): PNode = 
-  markUsed(n, s)
-  pushInfoContext(n.info)
-  result = evalTemplate(c, n, s)
-  if semCheck: result = semAfterMacroCall(c, result, s)
-  popInfoContext()
-
-proc semFieldAccess(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode
-proc semExprWithType(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode = 
-  var d: PNode
-  result = semExpr(c, n, flags)
-  if result == nil: InternalError("semExprWithType")
-  if (result.typ == nil): 
-    liMessage(n.info, errExprXHasNoType, renderTree(result, {renderNoComments}))
-  if result.typ.kind == tyVar: 
-    d = newNodeIT(nkHiddenDeref, result.info, result.typ.sons[0])
-    addSon(d, result)
-    result = d
-
-proc semSym(c: PContext, n: PNode, s: PSym, flags: TExprFlags): PNode = 
-  if s.kind == skType and efAllowType notin flags:
-    liMessage(n.info, errATypeHasNoValue)
-  case s.kind
-  of skProc, skMethod, skIterator, skConverter: 
-    if not (sfProcVar in s.flags) and (s.typ.callConv == ccDefault) and
-        (getModule(s).id != c.module.id): 
-      liMessage(n.info, warnXisPassedToProcVar, s.name.s)
-      # XXX change this to 
-      # errXCannotBePassedToProcVar after version 0.8.2
-      # TODO VERSION 0.8.4
-      #if (s.magic <> mNone) then
-      #  liMessage(n.info, 
-      #  errInvalidContextForBuiltinX, s.name.s);
-    result = symChoice(c, n, s)
-  of skConst: 
-    #
-    # Consider::
-    #     const x = []
-    #     proc p(a: openarray[int])
-    #     proc q(a: openarray[char])
-    #     p(x)
-    #     q(x)
-    #
-    # It is clear that ``[]`` means two totally different things. Thus, we
-    # copy `x`'s AST into each context, so that the type fixup phase can
-    # deal with two different ``[]``.
-    #      
-    markUsed(n, s)
-    if s.typ.kind in ConstAbstractTypes: 
-      result = copyTree(s.ast)
-      result.typ = s.typ
-    else: 
-      result = newSymNode(s)
-    result.info = n.info
-  of skMacro: result = semMacroExpr(c, n, s)
-  of skTemplate: result = semTemplateExpr(c, n, s)
-  of skVar: 
-    markUsed(n, s)
-    # if a proc accesses a global variable, it is not side effect free:
-    if sfGlobal in s.flags: incl(c.p.owner.flags, sfSideEffect)
-    result = newSymNode(s)
-    result.info = n.info
-  of skGenericParam: 
-    if s.ast == nil: InternalError(n.info, "no default for")
-    result = semExpr(c, s.ast)
-  else: 
-    markUsed(n, s)
-    result = newSymNode(s)
-    result.info = n.info
-
-proc checkConversionBetweenObjects(info: TLineInfo, castDest, src: PType) = 
-  var diff = inheritanceDiff(castDest, src)
-  if diff == high(int): 
-    liMessage(info, errGenerated, `%`(MsgKindToString(errIllegalConvFromXtoY), [
-        typeToString(src), typeToString(castDest)]))
-  
-proc checkConvertible(info: TLineInfo, castDest, src: PType) = 
-  const 
-    IntegralTypes = {tyBool, tyEnum, tyChar, tyInt..tyFloat128}
-  if sameType(castDest, src): 
-    # don't annoy conversions that may be needed on another processor:
-    if not (castDest.kind in {tyInt..tyFloat128, tyNil}): 
-      liMessage(info, hintConvFromXtoItselfNotNeeded, typeToString(castDest))
-    return 
-  var d = skipTypes(castDest, abstractVar)
-  var s = skipTypes(src, abstractVar)
-  while (d != nil) and (d.Kind in {tyPtr, tyRef}) and (d.Kind == s.Kind): 
-    d = base(d)
-    s = base(s)
-  if d == nil: 
-    liMessage(info, errGenerated, `%`(msgKindToString(errIllegalConvFromXtoY), [
-        typeToString(src), typeToString(castDest)]))
-  if (d.Kind == tyObject) and (s.Kind == tyObject): 
-    checkConversionBetweenObjects(info, d, s)
-  elif (skipTypes(castDest, abstractVarRange).Kind in IntegralTypes) and
-      (skipTypes(src, abstractVarRange).Kind in IntegralTypes): 
-    # accept conversion between intregral types
-  else: 
-    # we use d, s here to speed up that operation a bit:
-    case cmpTypes(d, s)
-    of isNone, isGeneric: 
-      if not equalOrDistinctOf(castDest, src) and
-          not equalOrDistinctOf(src, castDest): 
-        liMessage(info, errGenerated, `%`(
-            MsgKindToString(errIllegalConvFromXtoY), 
-            [typeToString(src), typeToString(castDest)]))
-    else: 
-      nil
-
-proc isCastable(dst, src: PType): bool = 
-  #const
-  #  castableTypeKinds = {@set}[tyInt, tyPtr, tyRef, tyCstring, tyString, 
-  #                             tySequence, tyPointer, tyNil, tyOpenArray,
-  #                             tyProc, tySet, tyEnum, tyBool, tyChar];
-  var ds, ss: biggestInt
-  # this is very unrestrictive; cast is allowed if castDest.size >= src.size
-  ds = computeSize(dst)
-  ss = computeSize(src)
-  if ds < 0: 
-    result = false
-  elif ss < 0: 
-    result = false
-  else: 
-    result = (ds >= ss) or
-        (skipTypes(dst, abstractInst).kind in {tyInt..tyFloat128}) or
-        (skipTypes(src, abstractInst).kind in {tyInt..tyFloat128})
-  
-proc semConv(c: PContext, n: PNode, s: PSym): PNode = 
-  if sonsLen(n) != 2: liMessage(n.info, errConvNeedsOneArg)
-  result = newNodeI(nkConv, n.info)
-  result.typ = semTypeNode(c, n.sons[0], nil)
-  addSon(result, copyTree(n.sons[0]))
-  addSon(result, semExprWithType(c, n.sons[1]))
-  var op = result.sons[1]
-  if op.kind != nkSymChoice: 
-    checkConvertible(result.info, result.typ, op.typ)
-  else: 
-    for i in countup(0, sonsLen(op) - 1): 
-      if sameType(result.typ, op.sons[i].typ): 
-        markUsed(n, op.sons[i].sym)
-        return op.sons[i]
-    liMessage(n.info, errUseQualifier, op.sons[0].sym.name.s)
-
-proc semCast(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode = 
-  if optSafeCode in gGlobalOptions: liMessage(n.info, errCastNotInSafeMode)
-  incl(c.p.owner.flags, sfSideEffect)
-  checkSonsLen(n, 2)
-  result = newNodeI(nkCast, n.info)
-  result.typ = semTypeNode(c, n.sons[0], nil)
-  addSon(result, copyTree(n.sons[0]))
-  addSon(result, semExprWithType(c, n.sons[1]))
-  if not isCastable(result.typ, result.sons[1].Typ): 
-    liMessage(result.info, errExprCannotBeCastedToX, typeToString(result.Typ))
-  
-proc semLowHigh(c: PContext, n: PNode, m: TMagic): PNode = 
-  const 
-    opToStr: array[mLow..mHigh, string] = ["low", "high"]
-  if sonsLen(n) != 2: 
-    liMessage(n.info, errXExpectsTypeOrValue, opToStr[m])
-  else: 
-    n.sons[1] = semExprWithType(c, n.sons[1], {efAllowType})
-    var typ = skipTypes(n.sons[1].typ, abstractVarRange)
-    case typ.Kind
-    of tySequence, tyString, tyOpenArray: 
-      n.typ = getSysType(tyInt)
-    of tyArrayConstr, tyArray: 
-      n.typ = n.sons[1].typ.sons[0] # indextype
-    of tyInt..tyInt64, tyChar, tyBool, tyEnum: 
-      n.typ = n.sons[1].typ
-    else: liMessage(n.info, errInvalidArgForX, opToStr[m])
-  result = n
-
-proc semSizeof(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode = 
-  if sonsLen(n) != 2: liMessage(n.info, errXExpectsTypeOrValue, "sizeof")
-  else: n.sons[1] = semExprWithType(c, n.sons[1], {efAllowType})
-  n.typ = getSysType(tyInt)
-  result = n
-
-proc semIs(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode = 
-  if sonsLen(n) == 3: 
-    n.sons[1] = semExprWithType(c, n.sons[1], {efAllowType})
-    n.sons[2] = semExprWithType(c, n.sons[2], {efAllowType})
-    var a = n.sons[1].typ
-    var b = n.sons[2].typ
-    if (b.kind != tyObject) or (a.kind != tyObject): 
-      liMessage(n.info, errIsExpectsObjectTypes)
-    while (b != nil) and (b.id != a.id): b = b.sons[0]
-    if b == nil: liMessage(n.info, errXcanNeverBeOfThisSubtype, typeToString(a))
-    n.typ = getSysType(tyBool)
-  else: 
-    liMessage(n.info, errIsExpectsTwoArguments)
-  result = n
-
-proc semOpAux(c: PContext, n: PNode) = 
-  for i in countup(1, sonsLen(n) - 1): 
-    var a = n.sons[i]
-    if a.kind == nkExprEqExpr: 
-      checkSonsLen(a, 2)
-      var info = a.sons[0].info
-      a.sons[0] = newIdentNode(considerAcc(a.sons[0]), info)
-      a.sons[1] = semExprWithType(c, a.sons[1])
-      a.typ = a.sons[1].typ
-    else: 
-      n.sons[i] = semExprWithType(c, a)
-  
-proc overloadedCallOpr(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode = 
-  # quick check if there is *any* () operator overloaded:
-  var par = getIdent("()")
-  if SymtabGet(c.Tab, par) == nil: 
-    result = nil
-  else: 
-    result = newNodeI(nkCall, n.info)
-    addSon(result, newIdentNode(par, n.info))
-    for i in countup(0, sonsLen(n) - 1): addSon(result, n.sons[i])
-    result = semExpr(c, result)
-
-proc changeType(n: PNode, newType: PType) = 
-  var 
-    f: PSym
-    a, m: PNode
-  case n.kind
-  of nkCurly, nkBracket: 
-    for i in countup(0, sonsLen(n) - 1): changeType(n.sons[i], elemType(newType))
-  of nkPar: 
-    if newType.kind != tyTuple: 
-      InternalError(n.info, "changeType: no tuple type for constructor")
-    if newType.n == nil: InternalError(n.info, "changeType: no tuple fields")
-    if (sonsLen(n) > 0) and (n.sons[0].kind == nkExprColonExpr): 
-      for i in countup(0, sonsLen(n) - 1): 
-        m = n.sons[i].sons[0]
-        if m.kind != nkSym: 
-          internalError(m.info, "changeType(): invalid tuple constr")
-        f = getSymFromList(newType.n, m.sym.name)
-        if f == nil: internalError(m.info, "changeType(): invalid identifier")
-        changeType(n.sons[i].sons[1], f.typ)
-    else: 
-      for i in countup(0, sonsLen(n) - 1): 
-        m = n.sons[i]
-        a = newNodeIT(nkExprColonExpr, m.info, newType.sons[i])
-        addSon(a, newSymNode(newType.n.sons[i].sym))
-        addSon(a, m)
-        changeType(m, newType.sons[i])
-        n.sons[i] = a
-  else: 
-    nil
-  n.typ = newType
-
-proc semArrayConstr(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode = 
-  result = newNodeI(nkBracket, n.info)
-  result.typ = newTypeS(tyArrayConstr, c)
-  addSon(result.typ, nil)     # index type
-  if sonsLen(n) == 0: 
-    addSon(result.typ, newTypeS(tyEmpty, c)) # needs an empty basetype!
-  else: 
-    addSon(result, semExprWithType(c, n.sons[0]))
-    var typ = skipTypes(result.sons[0].typ, {tyGenericInst, tyVar, tyOrdinal})
-    for i in countup(1, sonsLen(n) - 1): 
-      n.sons[i] = semExprWithType(c, n.sons[i])
-      addSon(result, fitNode(c, typ, n.sons[i]))
-    addSon(result.typ, typ)
-  result.typ.sons[0] = makeRangeType(c, 0, sonsLen(result) - 1, n.info)
-
-proc fixAbstractType(c: PContext, n: PNode) = 
-  for i in countup(1, sonsLen(n) - 1): 
-    var it = n.sons[i]
-    case it.kind
-    of nkHiddenStdConv, nkHiddenSubConv: 
-      if it.sons[1].kind == nkBracket: 
-        it.sons[1] = semArrayConstr(c, it.sons[1])
-      if skipTypes(it.typ, abstractVar).kind == tyOpenArray: 
-        var s = skipTypes(it.sons[1].typ, abstractVar)
-        if (s.kind == tyArrayConstr) and (s.sons[1].kind == tyEmpty): 
-          s = copyType(s, getCurrOwner(), false)
-          skipTypes(s, abstractVar).sons[1] = elemType(
-              skipTypes(it.typ, abstractVar))
-          it.sons[1].typ = s
-      elif skipTypes(it.sons[1].typ, abstractVar).kind in
-          {tyNil, tyArrayConstr, tyTuple, tySet}: 
-        var s = skipTypes(it.typ, abstractVar)
-        changeType(it.sons[1], s)
-        n.sons[i] = it.sons[1]
-    of nkBracket: 
-      # an implicitely constructed array (passed to an open array):
-      n.sons[i] = semArrayConstr(c, it)
-    else: 
-      if (it.typ == nil): 
-        InternalError(it.info, "fixAbstractType: " & renderTree(it))
-  
-proc skipObjConv(n: PNode): PNode = 
-  case n.kind
-  of nkHiddenStdConv, nkHiddenSubConv, nkConv: 
-    if skipTypes(n.sons[1].typ, abstractPtrs).kind in {tyTuple, tyObject}: 
-      result = n.sons[1]
-    else: 
-      result = n
-  of nkObjUpConv, nkObjDownConv: result = n.sons[0]
-  else: result = n
-  
-type 
-  TAssignableResult = enum 
-    arNone,                   # no l-value and no discriminant
-    arLValue,                 # is an l-value
-    arDiscriminant            # is a discriminant
-
-proc isAssignable(n: PNode): TAssignableResult = 
-  result = arNone
-  case n.kind
-  of nkSym: 
-    if (n.sym.kind in {skVar, skTemp}): result = arLValue
-  of nkDotExpr: 
-    checkMinSonsLen(n, 1)
-    if skipTypes(n.sons[0].typ, abstractInst).kind in {tyVar, tyPtr, tyRef}: 
-      result = arLValue
-    else: 
-      result = isAssignable(n.sons[0])
-    if (result == arLValue) and (sfDiscriminant in n.sons[1].sym.flags): 
-      result = arDiscriminant
-  of nkBracketExpr: 
-    checkMinSonsLen(n, 1)
-    if skipTypes(n.sons[0].typ, abstractInst).kind in {tyVar, tyPtr, tyRef}: 
-      result = arLValue
-    else: 
-      result = isAssignable(n.sons[0])
-  of nkHiddenStdConv, nkHiddenSubConv, nkConv: 
-    # Object and tuple conversions are still addressable, so we skip them
-    #if skipPtrsGeneric(n.sons[1].typ).kind in [tyOpenArray,
-    #                                           tyTuple, tyObject] then
-    if skipTypes(n.typ, abstractPtrs).kind in {tyOpenArray, tyTuple, tyObject}: 
-      result = isAssignable(n.sons[1])
-  of nkHiddenDeref, nkDerefExpr: 
-    result = arLValue
-  of nkObjUpConv, nkObjDownConv, nkCheckedFieldExpr: 
-    result = isAssignable(n.sons[0])
-  else: 
-    nil
-
-proc newHiddenAddrTaken(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode = 
-  if n.kind == nkHiddenDeref: 
-    checkSonsLen(n, 1)
-    result = n.sons[0]
-  else: 
-    result = newNodeIT(nkHiddenAddr, n.info, makeVarType(c, n.typ))
-    addSon(result, n)
-    if isAssignable(n) != arLValue: 
-      liMessage(n.info, errVarForOutParamNeeded)
-
-proc analyseIfAddressTaken(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode = 
-  result = n
-  case n.kind
-  of nkSym: 
-    if skipTypes(n.sym.typ, abstractInst).kind != tyVar: 
-      incl(n.sym.flags, sfAddrTaken)
-      result = newHiddenAddrTaken(c, n)
-  of nkDotExpr: 
-    checkSonsLen(n, 2)
-    if n.sons[1].kind != nkSym: internalError(n.info, "analyseIfAddressTaken")
-    if skipTypes(n.sons[1].sym.typ, abstractInst).kind != tyVar: 
-      incl(n.sons[1].sym.flags, sfAddrTaken)
-      result = newHiddenAddrTaken(c, n)
-  of nkBracketExpr: 
-    checkMinSonsLen(n, 1)
-    if skipTypes(n.sons[0].typ, abstractInst).kind != tyVar: 
-      if n.sons[0].kind == nkSym: incl(n.sons[0].sym.flags, sfAddrTaken)
-      result = newHiddenAddrTaken(c, n)
-  else: 
-    result = newHiddenAddrTaken(c, n) # BUGFIX!
-  
-proc analyseIfAddressTakenInCall(c: PContext, n: PNode) = 
-  const 
-    FakeVarParams = {mNew, mNewFinalize, mInc, ast.mDec, mIncl, mExcl, 
-      mSetLengthStr, mSetLengthSeq, mAppendStrCh, mAppendStrStr, mSwap, 
-      mAppendSeqElem, mNewSeq}
-  checkMinSonsLen(n, 1)
-  var t = n.sons[0].typ
-  if (n.sons[0].kind == nkSym) and (n.sons[0].sym.magic in FakeVarParams): 
-    return 
-  for i in countup(1, sonsLen(n) - 1): 
-    if (i < sonsLen(t)) and
-        (skipTypes(t.sons[i], abstractInst).kind == tyVar): 
-      n.sons[i] = analyseIfAddressTaken(c, n.sons[i])
-  
-proc semDirectCallAnalyseEffects(c: PContext, n: PNode,
-                                 flags: TExprFlags): PNode = 
-  if not (efWantIterator in flags): 
-    result = semDirectCall(c, n, {skProc, skMethod, skConverter})
-  else: 
-    result = semDirectCall(c, n, {skIterator})
-  if result != nil: 
-    if result.sons[0].kind != nkSym: 
-      InternalError("semDirectCallAnalyseEffects")
-    var callee = result.sons[0].sym
-    if (callee.kind == skIterator) and (callee.id == c.p.owner.id): 
-      liMessage(n.info, errRecursiveDependencyX, callee.name.s)
-    if not (sfNoSideEffect in callee.flags): 
-      if (sfForward in callee.flags) or
-          ({sfImportc, sfSideEffect} * callee.flags != {}): 
-        incl(c.p.owner.flags, sfSideEffect)
-  
-proc semIndirectOp(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode = 
-  result = nil
-  var prc = n.sons[0]
-  checkMinSonsLen(n, 1)
-  if n.sons[0].kind == nkDotExpr: 
-    checkSonsLen(n.sons[0], 2)
-    n.sons[0] = semFieldAccess(c, n.sons[0])
-    if n.sons[0].kind == nkDotCall: 
-      # it is a static call!
-      result = n.sons[0]
-      result.kind = nkCall
-      for i in countup(1, sonsLen(n) - 1): addSon(result, n.sons[i])
-      return semExpr(c, result, flags)
-  else: 
-    n.sons[0] = semExpr(c, n.sons[0])
-  semOpAux(c, n)
-  var t: PType = nil
-  if (n.sons[0].typ != nil): t = skipTypes(n.sons[0].typ, abstractInst)
-  if (t != nil) and (t.kind == tyProc): 
-    var m: TCandidate
-    initCandidate(m, t)
-    matches(c, n, m)
-    if m.state != csMatch: 
-      var msg = msgKindToString(errTypeMismatch)
-      for i in countup(1, sonsLen(n) - 1): 
-        if i > 1: add(msg, ", ")
-        add(msg, typeToString(n.sons[i].typ))
-      add(msg, ")\n" & msgKindToString(errButExpected) & "\n" &
-          typeToString(n.sons[0].typ))
-      liMessage(n.Info, errGenerated, msg)
-      result = nil
-    else: 
-      result = m.call
-    # we assume that a procedure that calls something indirectly 
-    # has side-effects:
-    if not (tfNoSideEffect in t.flags): incl(c.p.owner.flags, sfSideEffect)
-  else: 
-    result = overloadedCallOpr(c, n)
-    # Now that nkSym does not imply an iteration over the proc/iterator space,
-    # the old ``prc`` (which is likely an nkIdent) has to be restored:
-    if result == nil: 
-      n.sons[0] = prc
-      result = semDirectCallAnalyseEffects(c, n, flags)
-    if result == nil: 
-      liMessage(n.info, errExprXCannotBeCalled, 
-                renderTree(n, {renderNoComments}))
-  fixAbstractType(c, result)
-  analyseIfAddressTakenInCall(c, result)
-
-proc semDirectOp(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode = 
-  # this seems to be a hotspot in the compiler!
-  semOpAux(c, n)
-  result = semDirectCallAnalyseEffects(c, n, flags)
-  if result == nil: 
-    result = overloadedCallOpr(c, n)
-    if result == nil: liMessage(n.Info, errGenerated, getNotFoundError(c, n))
-  fixAbstractType(c, result)
-  analyseIfAddressTakenInCall(c, result)
-
-proc semEcho(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode = 
-  # this really is a macro
-  checkMinSonsLen(n, 1)
-  for i in countup(1, sonsLen(n) - 1): 
-    var arg = semExprWithType(c, n.sons[i])
-    var call = newNodeI(nkCall, arg.info)
-    addSon(call, newIdentNode(getIdent("$"), n.info))
-    addSon(call, arg)
-    n.sons[i] = semExpr(c, call)
-  result = n
-
-proc LookUpForDefined(c: PContext, n: PNode, onlyCurrentScope: bool): PSym = 
-  case n.kind
-  of nkIdent: 
-    if onlyCurrentScope: 
-      result = SymtabLocalGet(c.tab, n.ident)
-    else: 
-      result = SymtabGet(c.Tab, n.ident) # no need for stub loading
-  of nkDotExpr: 
-    result = nil
-    if onlyCurrentScope: return 
-    checkSonsLen(n, 2)
-    var m = LookupForDefined(c, n.sons[0], onlyCurrentScope)
-    if (m != nil) and (m.kind == skModule): 
-      if (n.sons[1].kind == nkIdent): 
-        var ident = n.sons[1].ident
-        if m == c.module: 
-          result = StrTableGet(c.tab.stack[ModuleTablePos], ident)
-        else: 
-          result = StrTableGet(m.tab, ident)
-      else: 
-        liMessage(n.sons[1].info, errIdentifierExpected, "")
-  of nkAccQuoted: 
-    checkSonsLen(n, 1)
-    result = lookupForDefined(c, n.sons[0], onlyCurrentScope)
-  else: 
-    liMessage(n.info, errIdentifierExpected, renderTree(n))
-    result = nil
-
-proc semDefined(c: PContext, n: PNode, onlyCurrentScope: bool): PNode = 
-  checkSonsLen(n, 2)
-  # we replace this node by a 'true' or 'false' node:
-  result = newIntNode(nkIntLit, 0)
-  if LookUpForDefined(c, n.sons[1], onlyCurrentScope) != nil: 
-    result.intVal = 1
-  elif not onlyCurrentScope and (n.sons[1].kind == nkIdent) and
-      condsyms.isDefined(n.sons[1].ident): 
-    result.intVal = 1
-  result.info = n.info
-  result.typ = getSysType(tyBool)
-
-proc setMs(n: PNode, s: PSym): PNode = 
-  result = n
-  n.sons[0] = newSymNode(s)
-  n.sons[0].info = n.info
-
-proc semMagic(c: PContext, n: PNode, s: PSym, flags: TExprFlags): PNode = 
-  # this is a hotspot in the compiler!
-  result = n
-  case s.magic # magics that need special treatment
-  of mDefined: result = semDefined(c, setMs(n, s), false)
-  of mDefinedInScope: result = semDefined(c, setMs(n, s), true)
-  of mLow: result = semLowHigh(c, setMs(n, s), mLow)
-  of mHigh: result = semLowHigh(c, setMs(n, s), mHigh)
-  of mSizeOf: result = semSizeof(c, setMs(n, s))
-  of mIs: result = semIs(c, setMs(n, s))
-  of mEcho: result = semEcho(c, setMs(n, s))
-  else: result = semDirectOp(c, n, flags)
-  
-proc isTypeExpr(n: PNode): bool = 
-  case n.kind
-  of nkType, nkTypeOfExpr: result = true
-  of nkSym: result = n.sym.kind == skType
-  else: result = false
-  
-proc lookupInRecordAndBuildCheck(c: PContext, n, r: PNode, field: PIdent, 
-                                 check: var PNode): PSym = 
-  # transform in a node that contains the runtime check for the
-  # field, if it is in a case-part...
-  var s, it, inExpr, notExpr: PNode
-  result = nil
-  case r.kind
-  of nkRecList: 
-    for i in countup(0, sonsLen(r) - 1): 
-      result = lookupInRecordAndBuildCheck(c, n, r.sons[i], field, check)
-      if result != nil: return 
-  of nkRecCase: 
-    checkMinSonsLen(r, 2)
-    if (r.sons[0].kind != nkSym): IllFormedAst(r)
-    result = lookupInRecordAndBuildCheck(c, n, r.sons[0], field, check)
-    if result != nil: return 
-    s = newNodeI(nkCurly, r.info)
-    for i in countup(1, sonsLen(r) - 1): 
-      it = r.sons[i]
-      case it.kind
-      of nkOfBranch: 
-        result = lookupInRecordAndBuildCheck(c, n, lastSon(it), field, check)
-        if result == nil: 
-          for j in 0..sonsLen(it)-2: addSon(s, copyTree(it.sons[j]))
-        else: 
-          if check == nil: 
-            check = newNodeI(nkCheckedFieldExpr, n.info)
-            addSon(check, nil) # make space for access node
-          s = newNodeI(nkCurly, n.info)
-          for j in countup(0, sonsLen(it) - 2): addSon(s, copyTree(it.sons[j]))
-          inExpr = newNodeI(nkCall, n.info)
-          addSon(inExpr, newIdentNode(getIdent("in"), n.info))
-          addSon(inExpr, copyTree(r.sons[0]))
-          addSon(inExpr, s)   #writeln(output, renderTree(inExpr));
-          addSon(check, semExpr(c, inExpr))
-          return 
-      of nkElse: 
-        result = lookupInRecordAndBuildCheck(c, n, lastSon(it), field, check)
-        if result != nil: 
-          if check == nil: 
-            check = newNodeI(nkCheckedFieldExpr, n.info)
-            addSon(check, nil) # make space for access node
-          inExpr = newNodeI(nkCall, n.info)
-          addSon(inExpr, newIdentNode(getIdent("in"), n.info))
-          addSon(inExpr, copyTree(r.sons[0]))
-          addSon(inExpr, s)
-          notExpr = newNodeI(nkCall, n.info)
-          addSon(notExpr, newIdentNode(getIdent("not"), n.info))
-          addSon(notExpr, inExpr)
-          addSon(check, semExpr(c, notExpr))
-          return 
-      else: illFormedAst(it)
-  of nkSym: 
-    if r.sym.name.id == field.id: result = r.sym
-  else: illFormedAst(n)
-  
-proc makeDeref(n: PNode): PNode = 
-  var t = skipTypes(n.typ, {tyGenericInst})
-  result = n
-  if t.kind == tyVar: 
-    result = newNodeIT(nkHiddenDeref, n.info, t.sons[0])
-    addSon(result, n)
-    t = skipTypes(t.sons[0], {tyGenericInst})
-  if t.kind in {tyPtr, tyRef}: 
-    var a = result
-    result = newNodeIT(nkDerefExpr, n.info, t.sons[0])
-    addSon(result, a)
-
-proc builtinFieldAccess(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
-  ## returns nil if it's not a built-in field access
-  var s = qualifiedLookup(c, n, true) # check for ambiguity
-  if s != nil:
-    return semSym(c, n, s, flags)
-
-  checkSonsLen(n, 2)
-  n.sons[0] = semExprWithType(c, n.sons[0], {efAllowType} + flags)
-  var i = considerAcc(n.sons[1])
-  var ty = n.sons[0].Typ
-  var f: PSym = nil
-  result = nil
-  if ty.kind == tyEnum: 
-    # look up if the identifier belongs to the enum:
-    while ty != nil: 
-      f = getSymFromList(ty.n, i)
-      if f != nil: break 
-      ty = ty.sons[0]         # enum inheritance
-    if f != nil: 
-      result = newSymNode(f)
-      result.info = n.info
-      result.typ = ty
-      markUsed(n, f)
-    else: 
-      liMessage(n.sons[1].info, errEnumHasNoValueX, i.s)
-    return 
-  elif not (efAllowType in flags) and isTypeExpr(n.sons[0]): 
-    liMessage(n.sons[0].info, errATypeHasNoValue)
-    return 
-  ty = skipTypes(ty, {tyGenericInst, tyVar, tyPtr, tyRef})
-  var check: PNode = nil
-  if ty.kind == tyObject: 
-    while true: 
-      check = nil
-      f = lookupInRecordAndBuildCheck(c, n, ty.n, i, check)
-      if f != nil: break 
-      if ty.sons[0] == nil: break 
-      ty = skipTypes(ty.sons[0], {tyGenericInst})
-    if f != nil: 
-      if {sfStar, sfMinus} * f.flags != {} or getModule(f).id == c.module.id: 
-        # is the access to a public field or in the same module?
-        n.sons[0] = makeDeref(n.sons[0])
-        n.sons[1] = newSymNode(f) # we now have the correct field
-        n.typ = f.typ
-        markUsed(n, f)
-        if check == nil: 
-          result = n
-        else: 
-          check.sons[0] = n
-          check.typ = n.typ
-          result = check
-  elif ty.kind == tyTuple: 
-    f = getSymFromList(ty.n, i)
-    if f != nil: 
-      n.sons[0] = makeDeref(n.sons[0])
-      n.sons[1] = newSymNode(f)
-      n.typ = f.typ
-      result = n
-      markUsed(n, f)
-
-proc semFieldAccess(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode = 
-  # this is difficult, because the '.' is used in many different contexts
-  # in Nimrod. We first allow types in the semantic checking.
-  result = builtinFieldAccess(c, n, flags)
-  if result == nil:
-    var i = considerAcc(n.sons[1])
-    var f = SymTabGet(c.tab, i)
-    # if f != nil and f.kind == skStub: loadStub(f)
-    # ``loadStub`` is not correct here as we don't care for ``f`` really
-    if f != nil: 
-      # BUGFIX: do not check for (f.kind in [skProc, skMethod, skIterator]) here
-      # This special node kind is to merge with the call handler in `semExpr`.
-      result = newNodeI(nkDotCall, n.info)
-      addSon(result, newIdentNode(i, n.info))
-      addSon(result, copyTree(n[0]))
-    else: 
-      liMessage(n.Info, errUndeclaredFieldX, i.s)
-
-proc whichSliceOpr(n: PNode): string = 
-  if (n.sons[0] == nil): 
-    if (n.sons[1] == nil): result = "[..]"
-    else: result = "[..$]"
-  elif (n.sons[1] == nil): 
-    result = "[$..]"
-  else: 
-    result = "[$..$]"
-
-proc addSliceOpr(result: var string, n: PNode) = 
-  if n[0] == nil: 
-    if n[1] == nil: result.add("..")
-    else: result.add("..$")
-  elif n[1] == nil: result.add("$..") 
-  else: result.add("$..$")
-
-proc buildOverloadedSubscripts(n: PNode, inAsgn: bool): PNode =
-  result = newNodeI(nkCall, n.info)
-  add(result, nil) # fill with the correct node later
-  add(result, n[0])
-  var opr = "["
-  for i in 1..n.len-1:
-    if i > 1: add(opr, ",")
-    if n[i].kind == nkRange:
-      # we have a slice argument
-      checkSonsLen(n[i], 2)
-      addSliceOpr(opr, n[i])
-      addSonIfNotNil(result, n[i][0])
-      addSonIfNotNil(result, n[i][1])
-    else:
-      add(result, n[i])
-  if inAsgn: add(opr, "]=")
-  else: add(opr, "]")
-  # now we know the operator
-  result.sons[0] = newIdentNode(getIdent(opr), n.info)
-  
-proc semSubscript(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode =
-  ## returns nil if not a built-in subscript operator;
-  checkMinSonsLen(n, 2)
-  n.sons[0] = semExprWithType(c, n.sons[0], flags - {efAllowType})
-  var arr = skipTypes(n.sons[0].typ, {tyGenericInst, tyVar, tyPtr, tyRef})
-  case arr.kind
-  of tyArray, tyOpenArray, tyArrayConstr, tySequence, tyString, tyCString: 
-    checkSonsLen(n, 2)
-    n.sons[0] = makeDeref(n.sons[0])
-    for i in countup(1, sonsLen(n) - 1): 
-      n.sons[i] = semExprWithType(c, n.sons[i], flags - {efAllowType})
-    var indexType = if arr.kind == tyArray: arr.sons[0] else: getSysType(tyInt)
-    var arg = IndexTypesMatch(c, indexType, n.sons[1].typ, n.sons[1])
-    if arg != nil: n.sons[1] = arg
-    else: liMessage(n.info, errIndexTypesDoNotMatch)
-    result = n
-    result.typ = elemType(arr)
-  of tyTuple: 
-    checkSonsLen(n, 2)
-    n.sons[0] = makeDeref(n.sons[0])
-    # [] operator for tuples requires constant expression:
-    n.sons[1] = semConstExpr(c, n.sons[1])
-    if skipTypes(n.sons[1].typ, {tyGenericInst, tyRange, tyOrdinal}).kind in
-        {tyInt..tyInt64}: 
-      var idx = getOrdValue(n.sons[1])
-      if (idx >= 0) and (idx < sonsLen(arr)): n.typ = arr.sons[int(idx)]
-      else: liMessage(n.info, errInvalidIndexValueForTuple)
-    else: 
-      liMessage(n.info, errIndexTypesDoNotMatch)
-    result = n
-  else: nil
-  
-proc semArrayAccess(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags): PNode = 
-  result = semSubscript(c, n, flags)
-  if result == nil:
-    # overloaded [] operator:
-    when false:
-      result = newNodeI(nkCall, n.info)
-      if n.sons[1].kind == nkRange: 
-        checkSonsLen(n.sons[1], 2)
-        addSon(result, newIdentNode(getIdent(whichSliceOpr(n.sons[1])), n.info))
-        addSon(result, n.sons[0])
-        addSonIfNotNil(result, n.sons[1].sons[0])
-        addSonIfNotNil(result, n.sons[1].sons[1])
-      else: 
-        addSon(result, newIdentNode(getIdent("[]"), n.info))
-        addSon(result, n.sons[0])
-        addSon(result, n.sons[1])
-      result = semExpr(c, result)
-    else:
-      result = semExpr(c, buildOverloadedSubscripts(n, inAsgn=false))
-
-proc semIfExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode = 
-  result = n
-  checkSonsLen(n, 2)
-  var typ: PType = nil
-  for i in countup(0, sonsLen(n) - 1): 
-    var it = n.sons[i]
-    case it.kind
-    of nkElifExpr: 
-      checkSonsLen(it, 2)
-      it.sons[0] = semExprWithType(c, it.sons[0])
-      checkBool(it.sons[0])
-      it.sons[1] = semExprWithType(c, it.sons[1])
-      if typ == nil: typ = it.sons[1].typ
-      else: it.sons[1] = fitNode(c, typ, it.sons[1])
-    of nkElseExpr: 
-      checkSonsLen(it, 1)
-      it.sons[0] = semExprWithType(c, it.sons[0])
-      if typ == nil: InternalError(it.info, "semIfExpr")
-      it.sons[0] = fitNode(c, typ, it.sons[0])
-    else: illFormedAst(n)
-  result.typ = typ
-
-proc semSetConstr(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode = 
-  result = newNodeI(nkCurly, n.info)
-  result.typ = newTypeS(tySet, c)
-  if sonsLen(n) == 0: 
-    addSon(result.typ, newTypeS(tyEmpty, c))
-  else: 
-    # only semantic checking for all elements, later type checking:
-    var typ: PType = nil
-    for i in countup(0, sonsLen(n) - 1): 
-      if n.sons[i].kind == nkRange: 
-        checkSonsLen(n.sons[i], 2)
-        n.sons[i].sons[0] = semExprWithType(c, n.sons[i].sons[0])
-        n.sons[i].sons[1] = semExprWithType(c, n.sons[i].sons[1])
-        if typ == nil: 
-          typ = skipTypes(n.sons[i].sons[0].typ, 
-                          {tyGenericInst, tyVar, tyOrdinal})
-        n.sons[i].typ = n.sons[i].sons[1].typ # range node needs type too
-      else: 
-        n.sons[i] = semExprWithType(c, n.sons[i])
-        if typ == nil: 
-          typ = skipTypes(n.sons[i].typ, {tyGenericInst, tyVar, tyOrdinal})
-    if not isOrdinalType(typ): 
-      liMessage(n.info, errOrdinalTypeExpected)
-      return 
-    if lengthOrd(typ) > MaxSetElements: 
-      typ = makeRangeType(c, 0, MaxSetElements - 1, n.info)
-    addSon(result.typ, typ)
-    for i in countup(0, sonsLen(n) - 1): 
-      var m: PNode
-      if n.sons[i].kind == nkRange: 
-        m = newNodeI(nkRange, n.sons[i].info)
-        addSon(m, fitNode(c, typ, n.sons[i].sons[0]))
-        addSon(m, fitNode(c, typ, n.sons[i].sons[1]))
-      else: 
-        m = fitNode(c, typ, n.sons[i])
-      addSon(result, m)
-
-type 
-  TParKind = enum 
-    paNone, paSingle, paTupleFields, paTuplePositions
-
-proc checkPar(n: PNode): TParKind = 
-  var length = sonsLen(n)
-  if length == 0: 
-    result = paTuplePositions # ()
-  elif length == 1: 
-    result = paSingle         # (expr)
-  else: 
-    if n.sons[0].kind == nkExprColonExpr: result = paTupleFields
-    else: result = paTuplePositions
-    for i in countup(0, length - 1): 
-      if result == paTupleFields: 
-        if (n.sons[i].kind != nkExprColonExpr) or
-            not (n.sons[i].sons[0].kind in {nkSym, nkIdent}): 
-          liMessage(n.sons[i].info, errNamedExprExpected)
-          return paNone
-      else: 
-        if n.sons[i].kind == nkExprColonExpr: 
-          liMessage(n.sons[i].info, errNamedExprNotAllowed)
-          return paNone
-
-proc semTupleFieldsConstr(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode = 
-  var ids: TIntSet
-  result = newNodeI(nkPar, n.info)
-  var typ = newTypeS(tyTuple, c)
-  typ.n = newNodeI(nkRecList, n.info) # nkIdentDefs
-  IntSetInit(ids)
-  for i in countup(0, sonsLen(n) - 1): 
-    if (n.sons[i].kind != nkExprColonExpr) or
-        not (n.sons[i].sons[0].kind in {nkSym, nkIdent}): 
-      illFormedAst(n.sons[i])
-    var id: PIdent
-    if n.sons[i].sons[0].kind == nkIdent: id = n.sons[i].sons[0].ident
-    else: id = n.sons[i].sons[0].sym.name
-    if IntSetContainsOrIncl(ids, id.id): 
-      liMessage(n.sons[i].info, errFieldInitTwice, id.s)
-    n.sons[i].sons[1] = semExprWithType(c, n.sons[i].sons[1])
-    var f = newSymS(skField, n.sons[i].sons[0], c)
-    f.typ = n.sons[i].sons[1].typ
-    addSon(typ, f.typ)
-    addSon(typ.n, newSymNode(f))
-    n.sons[i].sons[0] = newSymNode(f)
-    addSon(result, n.sons[i])
-  result.typ = typ
-
-proc semTuplePositionsConstr(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode = 
-  result = n                  # we don't modify n, but compute the type:
-  var typ = newTypeS(tyTuple, c)  # leave typ.n nil!
-  for i in countup(0, sonsLen(n) - 1): 
-    n.sons[i] = semExprWithType(c, n.sons[i])
-    addSon(typ, n.sons[i].typ)
-  result.typ = typ
-
-proc semStmtListExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode = 
-  result = n
-  checkMinSonsLen(n, 1)
-  var length = sonsLen(n)
-  for i in countup(0, length - 2): 
-    n.sons[i] = semStmt(c, n.sons[i])
-  if length > 0: 
-    n.sons[length - 1] = semExprWithType(c, n.sons[length - 1])
-    n.typ = n.sons[length - 1].typ
-
-proc semBlockExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode = 
-  result = n
-  Inc(c.p.nestedBlockCounter)
-  checkSonsLen(n, 2)
-  openScope(c.tab)            # BUGFIX: label is in the scope of block!
-  if n.sons[0] != nil: addDecl(c, newSymS(skLabel, n.sons[0], c))
-  n.sons[1] = semStmtListExpr(c, n.sons[1])
-  n.typ = n.sons[1].typ
-  closeScope(c.tab)
-  Dec(c.p.nestedBlockCounter)
-
-proc isCallExpr(n: PNode): bool = 
-  result = n.kind in {nkCall, nkInfix, nkPrefix, nkPostfix, nkCommand,
-                      nkCallStrLit}
-
-proc semMacroStmt(c: PContext, n: PNode, semCheck: bool = true): PNode = 
-  checkMinSonsLen(n, 2)
-  var a: PNode
-  if isCallExpr(n.sons[0]): a = n.sons[0].sons[0]
-  else: a = n.sons[0]
-  var s = qualifiedLookup(c, a, false)
-  if s != nil: 
-    case s.kind
-    of skMacro: 
-      result = semMacroExpr(c, n, s, semCheck)
-    of skTemplate: 
-      # transform
-      # nkMacroStmt(nkCall(a...), stmt, b...)
-      # to
-      # nkCall(a..., stmt, b...)
-      result = newNodeI(nkCall, n.info)
-      addSon(result, a)
-      if isCallExpr(n.sons[0]): 
-        for i in countup(1, sonsLen(n.sons[0]) - 1): 
-          addSon(result, n.sons[0].sons[i])
-      for i in countup(1, sonsLen(n) - 1): addSon(result, n.sons[i])
-      result = semTemplateExpr(c, result, s, semCheck)
-    else: liMessage(n.info, errXisNoMacroOrTemplate, s.name.s)
-  else: 
-    liMessage(n.info, errInvalidExpressionX, renderTree(a, {renderNoComments}))
-  
-proc semExpr(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: TExprFlags = {}): PNode = 
-  result = n
-  if n == nil: return 
-  if nfSem in n.flags: return 
-  case n.kind                 # atoms:
-  of nkIdent: 
-    var s = lookUp(c, n)
-    result = semSym(c, n, s, flags)
-  of nkSym: 
-    #s := n.sym;
-    #      include(s.flags, sfUsed);
-    #      if (s.kind = skType) and not (efAllowType in flags) then
-    #        liMessage(n.info, errATypeHasNoValue);
-    # because of the changed symbol binding, this does not mean that we
-    # don't have to check the symbol for semantics here again!
-    result = semSym(c, n, n.sym, flags)
-  of nkEmpty, nkNone: 
-    nil
-  of nkNilLit: 
-    result.typ = getSysType(tyNil)
-  of nkType: 
-    if not (efAllowType in flags): liMessage(n.info, errATypeHasNoValue)
-    n.typ = semTypeNode(c, n, nil)
-  of nkIntLit: 
-    if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(tyInt)
-  of nkInt8Lit: 
-    if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(tyInt8)
-  of nkInt16Lit: 
-    if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(tyInt16)
-  of nkInt32Lit: 
-    if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(tyInt32)
-  of nkInt64Lit: 
-    if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(tyInt64)
-  of nkFloatLit: 
-    if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(tyFloat)
-  of nkFloat32Lit: 
-    if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(tyFloat32)
-  of nkFloat64Lit: 
-    if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(tyFloat64)
-  of nkStrLit..nkTripleStrLit: 
-    if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(tyString)
-  of nkCharLit: 
-    if result.typ == nil: result.typ = getSysType(tyChar)
-  of nkDotExpr: 
-    result = semFieldAccess(c, n, flags)
-    if result.kind == nkDotCall: 
-      result.kind = nkCall
-      result = semExpr(c, result, flags)
-  of nkBind: 
-    result = semExpr(c, n.sons[0], flags)
-  of nkCall, nkInfix, nkPrefix, nkPostfix, nkCommand, nkCallStrLit: 
-    # check if it is an expression macro:
-    checkMinSonsLen(n, 1)
-    var s = qualifiedLookup(c, n.sons[0], false)
-    if s != nil: 
-      case s.kind
-      of skMacro: result = semMacroExpr(c, n, s)
-      of skTemplate: result = semTemplateExpr(c, n, s)
-      of skType: 
-        if n.kind != nkCall: liMessage(n.info, errXisNotCallable, s.name.s)
-        # XXX does this check make any sense?
-        result = semConv(c, n, s)
-      of skProc, skMethod, skConverter, skIterator: 
-        if s.magic == mNone: result = semDirectOp(c, n, flags)
-        else: result = semMagic(c, n, s, flags)
-      else: 
-        #liMessage(n.info, warnUser, renderTree(n));
-        result = semIndirectOp(c, n, flags)
-    elif n.sons[0].kind == nkSymChoice: 
-      result = semDirectOp(c, n, flags)
-    else: 
-      result = semIndirectOp(c, n, flags)
-  of nkMacroStmt: 
-    result = semMacroStmt(c, n)
-  of nkBracketExpr: 
-    checkMinSonsLen(n, 1)
-    var s = qualifiedLookup(c, n.sons[0], false)
-    if s != nil and s.kind in {skProc, skMethod, skConverter, skIterator}: 
-      # type parameters: partial generic specialization
-      # XXX: too implement!
-      internalError(n.info, "explicit generic instantation not implemented")
-      result = partialSpecialization(c, n, s)
-    else: 
-      result = semArrayAccess(c, n, flags)
-  of nkPragmaExpr: 
-    # which pragmas are allowed for expressions? `likely`, `unlikely`
-    internalError(n.info, "semExpr() to implement") # XXX: to implement
-  of nkPar: 
-    case checkPar(n)
-    of paNone: result = nil
-    of paTuplePositions: result = semTuplePositionsConstr(c, n)
-    of paTupleFields: result = semTupleFieldsConstr(c, n)
-    of paSingle: result = semExpr(c, n.sons[0])
-  of nkCurly: result = semSetConstr(c, n)
-  of nkBracket: result = semArrayConstr(c, n)
-  of nkLambda: result = semLambda(c, n)
-  of nkDerefExpr: 
-    checkSonsLen(n, 1)
-    n.sons[0] = semExprWithType(c, n.sons[0])
-    result = n
-    var t = skipTypes(n.sons[0].typ, {tyGenericInst, tyVar})
-    case t.kind
-    of tyRef, tyPtr: n.typ = t.sons[0]
-    else: liMessage(n.sons[0].info, errCircumNeedsPointer)
-    result = n
-  of nkAddr: 
-    result = n
-    checkSonsLen(n, 1)
-    n.sons[0] = semExprWithType(c, n.sons[0])
-    if isAssignable(n.sons[0]) != arLValue: 
-      liMessage(n.info, errExprHasNoAddress)
-    n.typ = makePtrType(c, n.sons[0].typ)
-  of nkHiddenAddr, nkHiddenDeref: 
-    checkSonsLen(n, 1)
-    n.sons[0] = semExpr(c, n.sons[0], flags)
-  of nkCast: result = semCast(c, n)
-  of nkAccQuoted: 
-    checkSonsLen(n, 1)
-    result = semExpr(c, n.sons[0])
-  of nkIfExpr: result = semIfExpr(c, n)
-  of nkStmtListExpr: result = semStmtListExpr(c, n)
-  of nkBlockExpr: result = semBlockExpr(c, n)
-  of nkHiddenStdConv, nkHiddenSubConv, nkConv, nkHiddenCallConv: 
-    checkSonsLen(n, 2)
-  of nkStringToCString, nkCStringToString, nkPassAsOpenArray, nkObjDownConv, 
-     nkObjUpConv: 
-    checkSonsLen(n, 1)
-  of nkChckRangeF, nkChckRange64, nkChckRange: 
-    checkSonsLen(n, 3)
-  of nkCheckedFieldExpr: 
-    checkMinSonsLen(n, 2)
-  of nkSymChoice: 
-    liMessage(n.info, errExprXAmbiguous, renderTree(n, {renderNoComments}))
-  else: 
-    #InternalError(n.info, nodeKindToStr[n.kind]);
-    liMessage(n.info, errInvalidExpressionX, renderTree(n, {renderNoComments}))
-  incl(result.flags, nfSem)