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## v0.18.0 - dd/mm/yyyy
### Changes affecting backwards compatibility
- Arrays of char cannot be converted to ``cstring`` anymore, pointers to
arrays of char can! This means ``$`` for arrays can finally exist
in ``system.nim`` and do the right thing.
- ``echo`` now works with strings that contain ``\0`` (the binary zero is not
shown) and ``nil`` strings are equal to empty strings.
- JSON: Deprecated `getBVal`, `getFNum`, and `getNum` in favour to
`getBool`, `getFloat`, `getBiggestInt`. Also `getInt` procedure was added.
- `reExtended` is no longer default for the `re` constructor in the `re`
module.
- The overloading rules changed slightly so that constrained generics are
preferred over unconstrained generics. (Bug #6526)
- It is now possible to forward declare object types so that mutually
recursive types can be created across module boundaries. See
[package level objects](https://nim-lang.org/docs/manual.html#package-level-objects)
for more information.
- The **unary** ``<`` is now deprecated, for ``.. <`` use ``..<`` for other usages
use the ``pred`` proc.
- We changed how array accesses "from backwards" like ``a[^1]`` or ``a[0..^1]`` are
implemented. These are now implemented purely in ``system.nim`` without compiler
support. There is a new "heterogenous" slice type ``system.HSlice`` that takes 2
generic parameters which can be ``BackwardsIndex`` indices. ``BackwardsIndex`` is
produced by ``system.^``.
This means if you overload ``[]`` or ``[]=`` you need to ensure they also work
with ``system.BackwardsIndex`` (if applicable for the accessors).
- ``mod`` and bitwise ``and`` do not produce ``range`` subtypes anymore. This
turned out to be more harmful than helpful and the language is simpler
without this special typing rule.
- Added ``algorithm.rotateLeft``.
- ``rationals.toRational`` now uses an algorithm based on continued fractions.
This means its results are more precise and it can't run into an infinite loop
anymore.
- Added ``typetraits.$`` as an alias for ``typetraits.name``.
- ``os.getEnv`` now takes an optional ``default`` parameter that tells ``getEnv``
what to return if the environment variable does not exist.
- Bodies of ``for`` loops now get their own scope:
.. code-block:: nim
# now compiles:
for i in 0..4:
let i = i + 1
echo i
- The parsing rules of ``if`` expressions were changed so that multiple
statements are allowed in the branches. We found few code examples that
now fail because of this change, but here is one:
.. code-block:: nim
t[ti] = if exp_negative: '-' else: '+'; inc(ti)
This now needs to be written as:
.. code-block:: nim
t[ti] = (if exp_negative: '-' else: '+'); inc(ti)
- To make Nim even more robust the system iterators ``..`` and ``countup``
now only accept a single generic type ``T``. This means the following code
doesn't die with an "out of range" error anymore:
.. code-block:: nim
var b = 5.Natural
var a = -5
for i in a..b:
echo i
- ``formatFloat``/``formatBiggestFloat`` now support formatting floats with zero
precision digits. The previous ``precision = 0`` behavior (default formatting)
is now available via ``precision = -1``.
- The ``nim doc`` command is now an alias for ``nim doc2``, the second version of
the documentation generator. The old version 1 can still be accessed
via the new ``nim doc0`` command.
- Added ``system.getStackTraceEntries`` that allows you to access the stack
trace in a structured manner without string parsing.
- Moved from stdlib into Nimble packages:
- [``basic2d``](https://github.com/nim-lang/basic2d)
_deprecated: use ``glm``, ``arraymancer``, ``neo``, or another package instead_
- [``basic3d``](https://github.com/nim-lang/basic3d)
_deprecated: use ``glm``, ``arraymancer``, ``neo``, or another package instead_
- [``gentabs``](https://github.com/lcrees/gentabs)
- [``libuv``](https://github.com/lcrees/libuv)
- [``numeric``](https://github.com/lcrees/polynumeric)
- [``poly``](https://github.com/lcrees/polynumeric)
- [``pdcurses``](https://github.com/lcrees/pdcurses)
- [``romans``](https://github.com/lcrees/romans)
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