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<a href='https://github.com/akkartik/mu/blob/master/078emit-hex.subx'>https://github.com/akkartik/mu/blob/master/078emit-hex.subx</a>
<pre id='vimCodeElement'>
<span id="L1" class="LineNr"> 1 </span>== code
<span id="L2" class="LineNr"> 2 </span><span class="subxComment"># instruction effective address register displacement immediate</span>
<span id="L3" class="LineNr"> 3 </span><span class="subxS1Comment"># . op subop mod rm32 base index scale r32</span>
<span id="L4" class="LineNr"> 4 </span><span class="subxS1Comment"># . 1-3 bytes 3 bits 2 bits 3 bits 3 bits 3 bits 2 bits 2 bits 0/1/2/4 bytes 0/1/2/4 bytes</span>
<span id="L5" class="LineNr"> 5 </span>
<span id="L6" class="LineNr"> 6 </span><span class="subxComment"># print 'n' in hex in 'width' bytes in lower-endian order, with a space after every byte</span>
<span id="L7" class="LineNr"> 7 </span><span class="subxFunction">emit-hex</span>: <span class="subxComment"># out: (addr buffered-file), n: int, width: int</span>
<span id="L8" class="LineNr"> 8 </span> <span class="subxS1Comment"># . prologue</span>
<span id="L9" class="LineNr"> 9 </span> 55/push-ebp
<span id="L10" class="LineNr"> 10 </span> 89/copy 3/mod/direct 5/rm32/ebp <span class="Normal"> . </span> <span class="Normal"> . </span> <span class="Normal"> . </span> 4/r32/esp <span class="Normal"> . </span> <span class="Normal"> . </span> <span class="subxComment"># copy esp to ebp</span>
<span id="L11" class="LineNr"> 11 </span> <span class="subxS1Comment"># . save registers</span>
<span id="L12" class="LineNr"> 12 </span> 50/push-eax
<span id="L13" class="LineNr"> 13 </span> 51/push-ecx
<span id="L14" class="LineNr"> 14 </span> 52/push-edx
<span id="L15" class="LineNr"> 15 </span> 53/push-ebx
<span id="L16" class="LineNr"> 16 </span> 57/push-edi
<span id="L17" class="LineNr"> 17 </span> <span class="subxComment"># edi = out</span>
<span id="L18" class="LineNr"> 18 </span> 8b/copy 1/mod/*+disp8 5/rm32/ebp <span class="Normal"> . </span> <span class="Normal"> . </span> <span class="Normal"> . </span> 7/r32/edi 8/disp8 <span class="Normal"> . </span> <span class="subxComment"># copy *(ebp+8) to edi</span>
<span id="L19" class="LineNr"> 19 </span> <span class="subxComment"># ebx = n</span>
<span id="L20" class="LineNr"> 20 </span> 8b/copy 1/mod/*+disp8 5/rm32/ebp <span class="Normal"> . </span> <span class="Normal"> . </span> <span class="Normal"> . </span> 3/r32/ebx 0xc/disp8 <span class="Normal"> . </span> <span class="subxComment"># copy *(ebp+12) to ebx</span>
<span id="L21" class="LineNr"> 21 </span> <span class="subxComment"># edx = width</span>
<span id="L22" class="LineNr"> 22 </span> 8b/copy 1/mod/*+disp8 5/rm32/ebp <span class="Normal"> . </span> <span class="Normal"> . </span> <span class="Normal"> . </span> 2/r32/edx 0x10/disp8 <span class="Normal"> . </span> <span class="subxComment"># copy *(ebp+16) to edx</span>
<span id="L23" class=pre { line-height: 125%; }
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#
# Nim's Runtime Library
# (c) Copyright 2012 Andreas Rumpf
#
# See the file "copying.txt", included in this
# distribution, for details about the copyright.
#
## This module provides support to handle the Unicode UTF-8 encoding.
{.deadCodeElim: on.}
include "system/inclrtl"
type
RuneImpl = int # underlying type of Rune
Rune* = distinct RuneImpl ## type that can hold any Unicode character
Rune16* = distinct int16 ## 16 bit Unicode character
{.deprecated: [TRune: Rune, TRune16: Rune16].}
proc `<=%`*(a, b: Rune): bool = return int(a) <=% int(b)
proc `<%`*(a, b: Rune): bool = return int(a) <% int(b)
proc `==`*(a, b: Rune): bool = return int(a) == int(b)
template ones(n: expr): expr = ((1 shl n)-1)
proc runeLen*(s: string): int {.rtl, extern: "nuc$1".} =
## returns the number of Unicode characters of the string `s`.
var i = 0
while i < len(s):
if ord(s[i]) <=% 127: inc(i)
elif ord(s[i]) shr 5 == 0b110: inc(i, 2)
elif ord(s[i]) shr 4 == 0b1110: inc(i, 3)
elif ord(s[i]) shr 3 == 0b11110: inc(i, 4)
elif ord(s[i]) shr 2 == 0b111110: inc(i, 5)
elif ord(s[i]) shr 1 == 0b1111110: inc(i, 6)
else: inc i
inc(result)
proc runeLenAt*(s: string, i: Natural): int =
## returns the number of bytes the rune starting at ``s[i]`` takes.
if ord(s[i]) <=% 127: result = 1
elif ord(s[i]) shr 5 == 0b110: result = 2
elif ord(s[i]) shr 4 == 0b1110: result = 3
elif ord(s[i]) shr 3 == 0b11110: result = 4
elif ord(s[i]) shr 2 == 0b111110: result = 5
elif ord(s[i]) shr 1 == 0b1111110: result = 6
else: result = 1
template fastRuneAt*(s: string, i: int, result: expr, doInc = true) =
## Returns the unicode character ``s[i]`` in `result`. If ``doInc == true``
## `i` is incremented by the number of bytes that have been processed.
bind ones
if ord(s[i]) <=% 127:
result = Rune(ord(s[i]))
when doInc: inc(i)
elif ord(s[i]) shr 5 == 0b110:
# assert(ord(s[i+1]) shr 6 == 0b10)
result = Rune((ord(s[i]) and (ones(5))) shl 6 or
(ord(s[i+1]) and ones(6)))
when doInc: inc(i, 2)
elif ord(s[i]) shr 4 == 0b1110:
# assert(ord(s[i+1]) shr 6 == 0b10)
# assert(ord(s[i+2]) shr 6 == 0b10)
result = Rune((ord(s[i]) and ones(4)) shl 12 or
(ord(s[i+1]) and ones(6)) shl 6 or
(ord(s[i+2]) and ones(6)))
when doInc: inc(i, 3)
elif ord(s[i]) shr 3 == 0b11110:
# assert(ord(s[i+1]) shr 6 == 0b10)
# assert(ord(s[i+2]) shr 6 == 0b10)
# assert(ord(s[i+3]) shr 6 == 0b10)
result = Rune((ord(s[i]) and ones(3)) shl 18 or
(ord(s[i+1]) and ones(6)) shl 12 or
(ord(s[i+2]) and ones(6)) shl 6 or
(ord(s[i+3]) and ones(6)))
when doInc: inc(i, 4)
elif ord(s[i]) shr 2 == 0b111110:
# assert(ord(s[i+1]) shr 6 == 0b10)
# assert(ord(s[i+2]) shr 6 == 0b10)
# assert(ord(s[i+3]) shr 6 == 0b10)
# assert(ord(s[i+4]) shr 6 == 0b10)
result = Rune((ord(s[i]) and ones(2)) shl 24 or
(ord(s[i+1]) and ones(6)) shl 18 or
(ord(s[i+2]) and ones(6)) shl 12 or
(ord(s[i+3]) and ones(6)) shl 6 or
(ord(s[i+4]) and ones(6)))
when doInc: inc(i, 5)
elif ord(s[i]) shr 1 == 0b1111110:
# assert(ord(s[i+1]) shr 6 == 0b10)
# assert(ord(s[i+2]) shr 6 == 0b10)
# assert(ord(s[i+3]) shr 6 == 0b10)
# assert(ord(s[i+4]) shr 6 == 0b10)
# assert(ord(s[i+5]) shr 6 == 0b10)
result = Rune((ord(s[i]) and ones(1)) shl 30 or
(ord(s[i+1]) and ones(6)) shl 24 or
(ord(s[i+2]) and ones(6)) shl 18 or
(ord(s[i+3]) and ones(6)) shl 12 or
(ord(s[i+4]) and ones(6)) shl 6 or
(ord(s[i+5]) and ones(6)))
when doInc: inc(i, 6)
else:
result = Rune(ord(s[i]))
when doInc: inc(i)
proc validateUtf8*(s: string): int =
## returns the position of the invalid byte in ``s`` if the string ``s`` does
## not hold valid UTF-8 data. Otherwise -1 is returned.
var i = 0
let L = s.len
while i < L:
if ord(s[i]) <=% 127:
inc(i)
elif ord(s[i]) shr 5 == 0b110:
if i+1 < L and ord(s[i+1]) shr 6 == 0b10: inc(i, 2)
else: return i
elif ord(s[i]) shr 4 == 0b1110:
if i+2 < L and ord(s[i+1]) shr 6 == 0b10 and ord(s[i+2]) shr 6 == 0b10:
inc i, 3
else: return i
elif ord(s[i]) shr 3 == 0b11110:
if i+3 < L and ord(s[i+1]) shr 6 == 0b10 and
ord(s[i+2]) shr 6 == 0b10 and
ord(s[i+3]) shr 6 == 0b10:
inc i, 4
else: return i
else:
return i
return -1
proc runeAt*(s: string, i: Natural): Rune =
## returns the unicode character in `s` at byte index `i`
fastRuneAt(s, i, result, false)
proc toUTF8*(c: Rune): string {.rtl, extern: "nuc$1".} =
## converts a rune into its UTF8 representation
var i = RuneImpl(c)
if i <=% 127:
result = newString(1)
result[0] = chr(i)
elif i <=% 0x07FF:
result = newString(2)
result[0] = chr((i shr 6) or 0b110_00000)
result[1] = chr((i and ones(6)) or 0b10_0000_00)
elif i <=% 0xFFFF:
result = newString(3)
result[0] = chr(i shr 12 or 0b1110_0000)
result[1] = chr(i shr 6 and ones(6) or 0b10_0000_00)
result[2] = chr(i and ones(6) or 0b10_0000_00)
elif i <=% 0x001FFFFF:
result = newString(4)
result[0] = chr(i shr 18 or 0b1111_0000)
result[1] = chr(i shr 12 and ones(6) or 0b10_0000_00)
result[2] = chr(i shr 6 and ones(6) or 0b10_0000_00)
result[3] = chr(i and ones(6) or 0b10_0000_00)
elif i <=% 0x03FFFFFF:
result = newString(5)
result[0] = chr(i shr 24 or 0b111110_00)
result[1] = chr(i shr 18 and ones(6) or 0b10_0000_00)
result[2] = chr(i shr 12 and ones(6) or 0b10_0000_00)
result[3] = chr(i shr 6 and ones(6) or 0b10_0000_00)
result[4] = chr(i and ones(6) or 0b10_0000_00)
elif i <=% 0x7FFFFFFF:
result = newString(6)
result[0] = chr(i shr 30 or 0b1111110_0)
result[1] = chr(i shr 24 and ones(6) or 0b10_0000_00)
result[2] = chr(i shr 18 and ones(6) or 0b10_0000_00)
result[3] = chr(i shr 12 and ones(6) or 0b10_0000_00)
result[4] = chr(i shr 6 and ones(6) or 0b10_0000_00)
result[5] = chr(i and ones(6) or 0b10_0000_00)
else:
discard # error, exception?
proc `$`*(rune: Rune): string =
## converts a rune to a string
rune.toUTF8
proc `$`*(runes: seq[Rune]): string =
## converts a sequence of runes to a string
result = ""
for rune in runes: result.add(rune.toUTF8)
const
alphaRanges = [
0x00d8, 0x00f6, # -
0x00f8, 0x01f5, # -
0x0250, 0x02a8, # -
0x038e, 0x03a1, # -
0x03a3, 0x03ce, # -
0x03d0, 0x03d6, # -
0x03e2, 0x03f3, # -
0x0490, 0x04c4, # -
0x0561, 0x0587, # -
0x05d0, 0x05ea, # -
0x05f0, 0x05f2, # -
0x0621, 0x063a, # -
0x0640, 0x064a, # -
0x0671, 0x06b7, # -
0x06ba, 0x06be, # -
0x06c0, 0x06ce, # -
0x06d0, 0x06d3, # -
0x0905, 0x0939, # -
0x0958, 0x0961, # -
0x0985, 0x098c, # -
0x098f, 0x0990, # -
0x0993, 0x09a8, # -
0x09aa, 0x09b0, # -
0x09b6, 0x09b9, # -
0x09dc, 0x09dd, # -
0x09df, 0x09e1, # -
0x09f0, 0x09f1, # -
0x0a05, 0x0a0a, # -
0x0a0f, 0x0a10, # -
0x0a13, 0x0a28, # -
0x0a2a, 0x0a30, # -
0x0a32, 0x0a33, # -
0x0a35, 0x0a36, # -
0x0a38, 0x0a39, # -
0x0a59, 0x0a5c, # -
0x0a85, 0x0a8b, # -
0x0a8f, 0x0a91, # -
0x0a93, 0x0aa8, # -
0x0aaa, 0x0ab0, # -
0x0ab2, 0x0ab3, # -
0x0ab5, 0x0ab9, # -
0x0b05, 0x0b0c, # -
0x0b0f, 0x0b10, # -
0x0b13, 0x0b28, # -
0x0b2a, 0x0b30, # -
0x0b32, 0x0b33, # -
0x0b36, 0x0b39, # -
0x0b5c, 0x0b5d, # -
0x0b5f, 0x0b61, # -
0x0b85, 0x0b8a, # -
0x0b8e, 0x0b90, # -
0x0b92, 0x0b95, # -
0x0b99, 0x0b9a, # -
0x0b9e, 0x0b9f, # -
0x0ba3, 0x0ba4, # -
0x0ba8, 0x0baa, # -
0x0bae, 0x0bb5, # -
0x0bb7, 0x0bb9, # -
0x0c05, 0x0c0c, # -
0x0c0e, 0x0c10, # -
0x0c12, 0x0c28, # -
0x0c2a, 0x0c33, # -
0x0c35, 0x0c39, # -
0x0c60, 0x0c61, # -
0x0c85, 0x0c8c, # -
0x0c8e, 0x0c90, # -
0x0c92, 0x0ca8, # -
0x0caa, 0x0cb3, # -
0x0cb5, 0x0cb9, # -
0x0ce0, 0x0ce1, # -
0x0d05, 0x0d0c, # -
0x0d0e, 0x0d10, # -
0x0d12, 0x0d28, # -
0x0d2a, 0x0d39, # -
0x0d60, 0x0d61, # -
0x0e01, 0x0e30, # -
0x0e32, 0x0e33, # -
0x0e40, 0x0e46, # -
0x0e5a, 0x0e5b, # -
0x0e81, 0x0e82, # -
0x0e87, 0x0e88, # -
0x0e94, 0x0e97, # -
0x0e99, 0x0e9f, # -
0x0ea1, 0x0ea3, # -
0x0eaa, 0x0eab, # -
0x0ead, 0x0eae, # -
0x0eb2, 0x0eb3, # -
0x0ec0, 0x0ec4, # -
0x0edc, 0x0edd, # -
0x0f18, 0x0f19, # -
0x0f40, 0x0f47, # -
0x0f49, 0x0f69, # -
0x10d0, 0x10f6, # -
0x1100, 0x1159, # -
0x115f, 0x11a2, # -
0x11a8, 0x11f9, # -
0x1e00, 0x1e9b, # -
0x1f50, 0x1f57, # -
0x1f80, 0x1fb4, # -
0x1fb6, 0x1fbc, # -
0x1fc2, 0x1fc4, # -
0x1fc6, 0x1fcc, # -
0x1fd0, 0x1fd3, # -
0x1fd6, 0x1fdb, # -
0x1fe0, 0x1fec, # -
0x1ff2, 0x1ff4, # -
0x1ff6, 0x1ffc, # -
0x210a, 0x2113, # -
0x2115, 0x211d, # -
0x2120, 0x2122, # -
0x212a, 0x2131, # -
0x2133, 0x2138, # -
0x3041, 0x3094, # -
0x30a1, 0x30fa, # -
0x3105, 0x312c, # -
0x3131, 0x318e, # -
0x3192, 0x319f, # -
0x3260, 0x327b, # -
0x328a, 0x32b0, # -
0x32d0, 0x32fe, # -
0x3300, 0x3357, # -
0x3371, 0x3376, # -
0x337b, 0x3394, # -
0x3399, 0x339e, # -
0x33a9, 0x33ad, # -
0x33b0, 0x33c1, # -
0x33c3, 0x33c5, # -
0x33c7, 0x33d7, # -
0x33d9, 0x33dd, # -
0x4e00, 0x9fff, # -
0xac00, 0xd7a3, # -
0xf900, 0xfb06, # -
0xfb13, 0xfb17, # -
0xfb1f, 0xfb28, # -
0xfb2a, 0xfb36, # -
0xfb38, 0xfb3c, # -
0xfb40, 0xfb41, # -
0xfb43, 0xfb44, # -
0xfb46, 0xfbb1, # -
0xfbd3, 0xfd3d, # -
0xfd50, 0xfd8f, # -
0xfd92, 0xfdc7, # -
0xfdf0, 0xfdf9, # -
0xfe70, 0xfe72, # -
0xfe76, 0xfefc, # -
0xff66, 0xff6f, # -
0xff71, 0xff9d, # -
0xffa0, 0xffbe, # -
0xffc2, 0xffc7, # -
0xffca, 0xffcf, # -
0xffd2, 0xffd7, # -
0xffda, 0xffdc] # -
alphaSinglets = [
0x00aa, #
0x00b5, #
0x00ba, #
0x03da, #
0x03dc, #
0x03de, #
0x03e0, #
0x06d5, #
0x09b2, #
0x0a5e, #
0x0a8d, #
0x0ae0, #
0x0b9c, #
0x0cde, #
0x0e4f, #
0x0e84, #
0x0e8a, #
0x0e8d, #
0x0ea5, #
0x0ea7, #
0x0eb0, #
0x0ebd, #
0x1fbe, #
0x207f, #
0x20a8, #
0x2102, #
0x2107, #
0x2124, #
0x2126, #
0x2128, #
0xfb3e, #
0xfe74] #
spaceRanges = [
0x0009, 0x000a, # tab and newline
0x0020, 0x0020, # space
0x00a0, 0x00a0, #
0x2000, 0x200b, # -
0x2028, 0x2029, # - 0x3000, 0x3000, #
0xfeff, 0xfeff] #
toupperRanges = [
0x0061, 0x007a, 468, # a-z A-Z
0x00e0, 0x00f6, 468, # - -
0x00f8, 0x00fe, 468, # - -
0x0256, 0x0257, 295, # - -
0x0258, 0x0259, 298, # - -
0x028a, 0x028b, 283, # - -
0x03ad, 0x03af, 463, # - -
0x03b1, 0x03c1, 468, # - -
0x03c3, 0x03cb, 468, # - -
0x03cd, 0x03ce, 437, # - -
0x0430, 0x044f, 468, # - -
0x0451, 0x045c, 420, # - -
0x045e, 0x045f, 420, # - -
0x0561, 0x0586, 452, # - -
0x1f00, 0x1f07, 508, # - -
0x1f10, 0x1f15, 508, # - -
0x1f20, 0x1f27, 508, # - -
0x1f30, 0x1f37, 508, # - -
0x1f40, 0x1f45, 508, # - -
0x1f60, 0x1f67, 508, # - -
0x1f70, 0x1f71, 574, # - -
0x1f72, 0x1f75, 586, # - -
0x1f76, 0x1f77, 600, # - -
0x1f78, 0x1f79, 628, # - -
0x1f7a, 0x1f7b, 612, # - -
0x1f7c, 0x1f7d, 626, # - -
0x1f80, 0x1f87, 508, # - -
0x1f90, 0x1f97, 508, # - -
0x1fa0, 0x1fa7, 508, # - -
0x1fb0, 0x1fb1, 508, # - -
0x1fd0, 0x1fd1, 508, # - -
0x1fe0, 0x1fe1, 508, # - -
0x2170, 0x217f, 484, # - -
0x24d0, 0x24e9, 474, # - -
0xff41, 0xff5a, 468] # - -
toupperSinglets = [
0x00ff, 621, #
0x0101, 499, #
0x0103, 499, #
0x0105, 499, #
0x0107, 499, #
0x0109, 499, #
0x010b, 499, #
0x010d, 499, #
0x010f, 499, #
0x0111, 499, #
0x0113, 499, #
0x0115, 499, #
0x0117, 499, #
0x0119, 499, #
0x011b, 499, #
0x011d, 499, #
0x011f, 499, #
0x0121, 499, #
0x0123, 499, #
0x0125, 499, #
0x0127, 499, #
0x0129, 499, #
0x012b, 499, #
0x012d, 499, #
0x012f, 499, #
0x0131, 268, # I
0x0133, 499, #
0x0135, 499, #
0x0137, 499, #
0x013a, 499, #
0x013c, 499, #
0x013e, 499, #
0x0140, 499, #
0x0142, 499, #
0x0144, 499, #
0x0146, 499, #
0x0148, 499, #
0x014b, 499, #
0x014d, 499, #
0x014f, 499, #
0x0151, 499, #
0x0153, 499, #
0x0155, 499, #
0x0157, 499, #
0x0159, 499, #
0x015b, 499, #
0x015d, 499, #
0x015f, 499, #
0x0161, 499, #
0x0163, 499, #
0x0165, 499, #
0x0167, 499, #
0x0169, 499, #
0x016b, 499, #
0x016d, 499, #
0x016f, 499, #
0x0171, 499, #
0x0173, 499, #
0x0175, 499, #
0x0177, 499, #
0x017a, 499, #
0x017c, 499, #
0x017e, 499, #
0x017f, 200, # S
0x0183, 499, #
0x0185, 499, #
0x0188, 499, #
0x018c, 499, #
0x0192, 499, #
0x0199, 499, #
0x01a1, 499, #
0x01a3, 499, #
0x01a5, 499, #
0x01a8, 499, #
0x01ad, 499, #
0x01b0, 499, #
0x01b4, 499, #
0x01b6, 499, #
0x01b9, 499, #
0x01bd, 499, #
0x01c5, 499, #
0x01c6, 498, #
0x01c8, 499, #
0x01c9, 498, #
0x01cb, 499, #
0x01cc, 498, #
0x01ce, 499, #
0x01d0, 499, #
0x01d2, 499, #
0x01d4, 499, #
0x01d6, 499, #
0x01d8, 499, #
0x01da, 499, #
0x01dc, 499, #
0x01df, 499, #
0x01e1, 499, #
0x01e3, 499, #
0x01e5, 499, #
0x01e7, 499, #
0x01e9, 499, #
0x01eb, 499, #
0x01ed, 499, #
0x01ef, 499, #
0x01f2, 499, #
0x01f3, 498, #
0x01f5, 499, #
0x01fb, 499, #
0x01fd, 499, #
0x01ff, 499, #
0x0201, 499, #
0x0203, 499, #
0x0205, 499, #
0x0207, 499, #
0x0209, 499, #
0x020b, 499, #
0x020d, 499, #
0x020f, 499, #
0x0211, 499, #
0x0213, 499, #
0x0215, 499, #
0x0217, 499, #
0x0253, 290, #
0x0254, 294, #
0x025b, 297, #
0x0260, 295, #
0x0263, 293, #
0x0268, 291, #
0x0269, 289, #
0x026f, 289, #
0x0272, 287, #
0x0283, 282, #
0x0288, 282, #
0x0292, 281, #
0x03ac, 462, #
0x03cc, 436, #
0x03d0, 438, #
0x03d1, 443, #
0x03d5, 453, #
0x03d6, 446, #
0x03e3, 499, #
0x03e5, 499, #
0x03e7, 499, #
0x03e9, 499, #
0x03eb, 499, #
0x03ed, 499, #
0x03ef, 499, #
0x03f0, 414, #
0x03f1, 420, #
0x0461, 499, #
0x0463, 499, #
0x0465, 499, #
0x0467, 499, #
0x0469, 499, #
0x046b, 499, #
0x046d, 499, #
0x046f, 499, #
0x0471, 499, #
0x0473, 499, #
0x0475, 499, #
0x0477, 499, #
0x0479, 499, #
0x047b, 499, #
0x047d, 499, #
0x047f, 499, #
0x0481, 499, #
0x0491, 499, #
0x0493, 499, #
0x0495, 499, #
0x0497, 499, #
0x0499, 499, #
0x049b, 499, #
0x049d, 499, #
0x049f, 499, #
0x04a1, 499, #
0x04a3, 499, #
0x04a5, 499, #
0x04a7, 499, #
0x04a9, 499, #
0x04ab, 499, #
0x04ad, 499, #
0x04af, 499, #
0x04b1, 499, #
0x04b3, 499, #
0x04b5, 499, #
0x04b7, 499, #
0x04b9, 499, #
0x04bb, 499, #
0x04bd, 499, #
0x04bf, 499, #
0x04c2, 499, #
0x04c4, 499, #
0x04c8, 499, #
0x04cc, 499, #
0x04d1, 499, #
0x04d3, 499, #
0x04d5, 499, #
0x04d7, 499, #
0x04d9, 499, #
0x04db, 499, #
0x04dd, 499, #
0x04df, 499, #
0x04e1, 499, #
0x04e3, 499, #
0x04e5, 499, #
0x04e7, 499, #
0x04e9, 499, #
0x04eb, 499, #
0x04ef, 499, #
0x04f1, 499, #
0x04f3, 499, #
0x04f5, 499, #
0x04f9, 499, #
0x1e01, 499, #
0x1e03, 499, #
0x1e05, 499, #
0x1e07, 499, #
0x1e09, 499, #
0x1e0b, 499, #
0x1e0d, 499, #
0x1e0f, 499, #
0x1e11, 499, #
0x1e13, 499, #
0x1e15, 499, #
0x1e17, 499, #
0x1e19, 499, #
0x1e1b, 499, #
0x1e1d, 499, #
0x1e1f, 499, #
0x1e21, 499, #
0x1e23, 499, #
0x1e25, 499, #
0x1e27, 499, #
0x1e29, 499, #
0x1e2b, 499, #
0x1e2d, 499, #
0x1e2f, 499, #
0x1e31, 499, #
0x1e33, 499, #
0x1e35, 499, #
0x1e37, 499, #
0x1e39, 499, #
0x1e3b, 499, #
0x1e3d, 499, #
0x1e3f, 499, #
0x1e41, 499, #
0x1e43, 499, #
0x1e45, 499, #
0x1e47, 499, #
0x1e49, 499, #
0x1e4b, 499, #
0x1e4d, 499, #
0x1e4f, 499, #
0x1e51, 499, #
0x1e53, 499, #
0x1e55, 499, #
0x1e57, 499, #
0x1e59, 499, #
0x1e5b, 499, #
0x1e5d, 499, #
0x1e5f, 499, #
0x1e61, 499, #
0x1e63, 499, #
0x1e65, 499, #
0x1e67, 499, #
0x1e69, 499, #
0x1e6b, 499, #
0x1e6d, 499, #
0x1e6f, 499, #
0x1e71, 499, #
0x1e73, 499, #
0x1e75, 499, #
0x1e77, 499, #
0x1e79, 499, #
0x1e7b, 499, #
0x1e7d, 499, #
0x1e7f, 499, #
0x1e81, 499, #
0x1e83, 499, #
0x1e85, 499, #
0x1e87, 499, #
0x1e89, 499, #
0x1e8b, 499, #
0x1e8d, 499, #
0x1e8f, 499, #
0x1e91, 499, #
0x1e93, 499, #
0x1e95, 499, #
0x1ea1, 499, #
0x1ea3, 499, #
0x1ea5, 499, #
0x1ea7, 499, #
0x1ea9, 499, #
0x1eab, 499, #
0x1ead, 499, #
0x1eaf, 499, #
0x1eb1, 499, #
0x1eb3, 499, #
0x1eb5, 499, #
0x1eb7, 499, #
0x1eb9, 499, #
0x1ebb, 499, #
0x1ebd, 499, #
0x1ebf, 499, #
0x1ec1, 499, #
0x1ec3, 499, #
0x1ec5, 499, #
0x1ec7, 499, #
0x1ec9, 499, #
0x1ecb, 499, #
0x1ecd, 499, #
0x1ecf, 499, #
0x1ed1, 499, #
0x1ed3, 499, #
0x1ed5, 499, #
0x1ed7, 499, #
0x1ed9, 499, #
0x1edb, 499, #
0x1edd, 499, #
0x1edf, 499, #
0x1ee1, 499, #
0x1ee3, 499, #
0x1ee5, 499, #
0x1ee7, 499, #
0x1ee9, 499, #
0x1eeb, 499, #
0x1eed, 499, #
0x1eef, 499, #
0x1ef1, 499, #
0x1ef3, 499, #
0x1ef5, 499, #
0x1ef7, 499, #
0x1ef9, 499, #
0x1f51, 508, #
0x1f53, 508, #
0x1f55, 508, #
0x1f57, 508, #
0x1fb3, 509, #
0x1fc3, 509, #
0x1fe5, 507, #
0x1ff3, 509] #
tolowerRanges = [
0x0041, 0x005a, 532, # A-Z a-z
0x00c0, 0x00d6, 532, # - -
0x00d8, 0x00de, 532, # - -
0x0189, 0x018a, 705, # - -
0x018e, 0x018f, 702, # - -
0x01b1, 0x01b2, 717, # - -
0x0388, 0x038a, 537, # - -
0x038e, 0x038f, 563, # - -
0x0391, 0x03a1, 532, # - -
0x03a3, 0x03ab, 532, # - -
0x0401, 0x040c, 580, # - -
0x040e, 0x040f, 580, # - -
0x0410, 0x042f, 532, # - -
0x0531, 0x0556, 548, # - -
0x10a0, 0x10c5, 548, # - -
0x1f08, 0x1f0f, 492, # - -
0x1f18, 0x1f1d, 492, # - -
0x1f28, 0x1f2f, 492, # - -
0x1f38, 0x1f3f, 492, # - -
0x1f48, 0x1f4d, 492, # - -
0x1f68, 0x1f6f, 492, # - -
0x1f88, 0x1f8f, 492, # - -
0x1f98, 0x1f9f, 492, # - -
0x1fa8, 0x1faf, 492, # - -
0x1fb8, 0x1fb9, 492, # - -
0x1fba, 0x1fbb, 426, # - -
0x1fc8, 0x1fcb, 414, # - -
0x1fd8, 0x1fd9, 492, # - -
0x1fda, 0x1fdb, 400, # - -
0x1fe8, 0x1fe9, 492, # - -
0x1fea, 0x1feb, 388, # - -
0x1ff8, 0x1ff9, 372, # - -
0x1ffa, 0x1ffb, 374, # - -
0x2160, 0x216f, 516, # - -
0x24b6, 0x24cf, 526, # - -
0xff21, 0xff3a, 532] # - -
tolowerSinglets = [
0x0100, 501, #
0x0102, 501, #
0x0104, 501, #
0x0106, 501, #
0x0108, 501, #
0x010a, 501, #
0x010c, 501, #
0x010e, 501, #
0x0110, 501, #
0x0112, 501, #
0x0114, 501, #
0x0116, 501, #
0x0118, 501, #
0x011a, 501, #
0x011c, 501, #
0x011e, 501, #
0x0120, 501, #
0x0122, 501, #
0x0124, 501, #
0x0126, 501, #
0x0128, 501, #
0x012a, 501, #
0x012c, 501, #
0x012e, 501, #
0x0130, 301, # i
0x0132, 501, #
0x0134, 501, #
0x0136, 501, #
0x0139, 501, #
0x013b, 501, #
0x013d, 501, #
0x013f, 501, #
0x0141, 501, #
0x0143, 501, #
0x0145, 501, #
0x0147, 501, #
0x014a, 501, #
0x014c, 501, #
0x014e, 501, #
0x0150, 501, #
0x0152, 501, #
0x0154, 501, #
0x0156, 501, #
0x0158, 501, #
0x015a, 501, #
0x015c, 501, #
0x015e, 501, #
0x0160, 501, #
0x0162, 501, #
0x0164, 501, #
0x0166, 501, #
0x0168, 501, #
0x016a, 501, #
0x016c, 501, #
0x016e, 501, #
0x0170, 501, #
0x0172, 501, #
0x0174, 501, #
0x0176, 501, #
0x0178, 379, #
0x0179, 501, #
0x017b, 501, #
0x017d, 501, #
0x0181, 710, #
0x0182, 501, #
0x0184, 501, #
0x0186, 706, #
0x0187, 501, #
0x018b, 501, #
0x0190, 703, #
0x0191, 501, #
0x0193, 705, #
0x0194, 707, #
0x0196, 711, #
0x0197, 709, #
0x0198, 501, #
0x019c, 711, #
0x019d, 713, #
0x01a0, 501, #
0x01a2, 501, #
0x01a4, 501, #
0x01a7, 501, #
0x01a9, 718, #
0x01ac, 501, #
0x01ae, 718, #
0x01af, 501, #
0x01b3, 501, #
0x01b5, 501, #
0x01b7, 719, #
0x01b8, 501, #
0x01bc, 501, #
0x01c4, 502, #
0x01c5, 501, #
0x01c7, 502, #
0x01c8, 501, #
0x01ca, 502, #
0x01cb, 501, #
0x01cd, 501, #
0x01cf, 501, #
0x01d1, 501, #
0x01d3, 501, #
0x01d5, 501, #
0x01d7, 501, #
0x01d9, 501, #
0x01db, 501, #
0x01de, 501, #
0x01e0, 501, #
0x01e2, 501, #
0x01e4, 501, #
0x01e6, 501, #
0x01e8, 501, #
0x01ea, 501, #
0x01ec, 501, #
0x01ee, 501, #
0x01f1, 502, #
0x01f2, 501, #
0x01f4, 501, #
0x01fa, 501, #
0x01fc, 501, #
0x01fe, 501, #
0x0200, 501, #
0x0202, 501, #
0x0204, 501, #
0x0206, 501, #
0x0208, 501, #
0x020a, 501, #
0x020c, 501, #
0x020e, 501, #
0x0210, 501, #
0x0212, 501, #
0x0214, 501, #
0x0216, 501, #
0x0386, 538, #
0x038c, 564, #
0x03e2, 501, #
0x03e4, 501, #
0x03e6, 501, #
0x03e8, 501, #
0x03ea, 501, #
0x03ec, 501, #
0x03ee, 501, #
0x0460, 501, #
0x0462, 501, #
0x0464, 501, #
0x0466, 501, #
0x0468, 501, #
0x046a, 501, #
0x046c, 501, #
0x046e, 501, #
0x0470, 501, #
0x0472, 501, #
0x0474, 501, #
0x0476, 501, #
0x0478, 501, #
0x047a, 501, #
0x047c, 501, #
0x047e, 501, #
0x0480, 501, #
0x0490, 501, #
0x0492, 501, #
0x0494, 501, #
0x0496, 501, #
0x0498, 501, #
0x049a, 501, #
0x049c, 501, #
0x049e, 501, #
0x04a0, 501, #
0x04a2, 501, #
0x04a4, 501, #
0x04a6, 501, #
0x04a8, 501, #
0x04aa, 501, #
0x04ac, 501, #
0x04ae, 501, #
0x04b0, 501, #
0x04b2, 501, #
0x04b4, 501, #
0x04b6, 501, #
0x04b8, 501, #
0x04ba, 501, #
0x04bc, 501, #
0x04be, 501, #
0x04c1, 501, #
0x04c3, 501, #
0x04c7, 501, #
0x04cb, 501, #
0x04d0, 501, #
0x04d2, 501, #
0x04d4, 501, #
0x04d6, 501, #
0x04d8, 501, #
0x04da, 501, #
0x04dc, 501, #
0x04de, 501, #
0x04e0, 501, #
0x04e2, 501, #
0x04e4, 501, #
0x04e6, 501, #
0x04e8, 501, #
0x04ea, 501, #
0x04ee, 501, #
0x04f0, 501, #
0x04f2, 501, #
0x04f4, 501, #
0x04f8, 501, #
0x1e00, 501, #
0x1e02, 501, #
0x1e04, 501, #
0x1e06, 501, #
0x1e08, 501, #
0x1e0a, 501, #
0x1e0c, 501, #
0x1e0e, 501, #
0x1e10, 501, #
0x1e12, 501, #
0x1e14, 501, #
0x1e16, 501, #
0x1e18, 501, #
0x1e1a, 501, #
0x1e1c, 501, #
0x1e1e, 501, #
0x1e20, 501, #
0x1e22, 501, #
0x1e24, 501, #
0x1e26, 501, #
0x1e28, 501, #
0x1e2a, 501, #
0x1e2c, 501, #
0x1e2e, 501, #
0x1e30, 501, #
0x1e32, 501, #
0x1e34, 501, #
0x1e36, 501, #
0x1e38, 501, #
0x1e3a, 501, #
0x1e3c, 501, #
0x1e3e, 501, #
0x1e40, 501, #
0x1e42, 501, #
0x1e44, 501, #
0x1e46, 501, #
0x1e48, 501, #
0x1e4a, 501, #
0x1e4c, 501, #
0x1e4e, 501, #
0x1e50, 501, #
0x1e52, 501, #
0x1e54, 501, #
0x1e56, 501, #
0x1e58, 501, #
0x1e5a, 501, #
0x1e5c, 501, #
0x1e5e, 501, #
0x1e60, 501, #
0x1e62, 501, #
0x1e64, 501, #
0x1e66, 501, #
0x1e68, 501, #
0x1e6a, 501, #
0x1e6c, 501, #
0x1e6e, 501, #
0x1e70, 501, #
0x1e72, 501, #
0x1e74, 501, #
0x1e76, 501, #
0x1e78, 501, #
0x1e7a, 501, #
0x1e7c, 501, #
0x1e7e, 501, #
0x1e80, 501, #
0x1e82, 501, #
0x1e84, 501, #
0x1e86, 501, #
0x1e88, 501, #
0x1e8a, 501, #
0x1e8c, 501, #
0x1e8e, 501, #
0x1e90, 501, #
0x1e92, 501, #
0x1e94, 501, #
0x1ea0, 501, #
0x1ea2, 501, #
0x1ea4, 501, #
0x1ea6, 501, #
0x1ea8, 501, #
0x1eaa, 501, #
0x1eac, 501, #
0x1eae, 501, #
0x1eb0, 501, #
0x1eb2, 501, #
0x1eb4, 501, #
0x1eb6, 501, #
0x1eb8, 501, #
0x1eba, 501, #
0x1ebc, 501, #
0x1ebe, 501, #
0x1ec0, 501, #
0x1ec2, 501, #
0x1ec4, 501, #
0x1ec6, 501, #
0x1ec8, 501, #
0x1eca, 501, #
0x1ecc, 501, #
0x1ece, 501, #
0x1ed0, 501, #
0x1ed2, 501, #
0x1ed4, 501, #
0x1ed6, 501, #
0x1ed8, 501, #
0x1eda, 501, #
0x1edc, 501, #
0x1ede, 501, #
0x1ee0, 501, #
0x1ee2, 501, #
0x1ee4, 501, #
0x1ee6, 501, #
0x1ee8, 501, #
0x1eea, 501, #
0x1eec, 501, #
0x1eee, 501, #
0x1ef0, 501, #
0x1ef2, 501, #
0x1ef4, 501, #
0x1ef6, 501, #
0x1ef8, 501, #
0x1f59, 492, #
0x1f5b, 492, #
0x1f5d, 492, #
0x1f5f, 492, #
0x1fbc, 491, #
0x1fcc, 491, #
0x1fec, 493, #
0x1ffc, 491] #
toTitleSinglets = [
0x01c4, 501, #
0x01c6, 499, #
0x01c7, 501, #
0x01c9, 499, #
0x01ca, 501, #
0x01cc, 499, #
0x01f1, 501, #
0x01f3, 499] #
proc binarySearch(c: RuneImpl, tab: openArray[RuneImpl], len, stride: int): int =
var n = len
var t = 0
while n > 1:
var m = n div 2
var p = t + m*stride
if c >= tab[p]:
t = p
n = n-m
else:
n = m
if n != 0 and c >= tab[t]:
return t
return -1
proc toLower*(c: Rune): Rune {.rtl, extern: "nuc$1", procvar.} =
## Converts `c` into lower case. This works for any Unicode character.
## If possible, prefer `toLower` over `toUpper`.
var c = RuneImpl(c)
var p = binarySearch(c, tolowerRanges, len(tolowerRanges) div 3, 3)
if p >= 0 and c >= tolowerRanges[p] and c <= tolowerRanges[p+1]:
return Rune(c + tolowerRanges[p+2] - 500)
p = binarySearch(c, tolowerSinglets, len(tolowerSinglets) div 2, 2)
if p >= 0 and c == tolowerSinglets[p]:
return Rune(c + tolowerSinglets[p+1] - 500)
return Rune(c)
proc toUpper*(c: Rune): Rune {.rtl, extern: "nuc$1", procvar.} =
## Converts `c` into upper case. This works for any Unicode character.
## If possible, prefer `toLower` over `toUpper`.
var c = RuneImpl(c)
var p = binarySearch(c, toupperRanges, len(toupperRanges) div 3, 3)
if p >= 0 and c >= toupperRanges[p] and c <= toupperRanges[p+1]:
return Rune(c + toupperRanges[p+2] - 500)
p = binarySearch(c, toupperSinglets, len(toupperSinglets) div 2, 2)
if p >= 0 and c == toupperSinglets[p]:
return Rune(c + toupperSinglets[p+1] - 500)
return Rune(c)
proc toTitle*(c: Rune): Rune {.rtl, extern: "nuc$1", procvar.} =
var c = RuneImpl(c)
var p = binarySearch(c, toTitleSinglets, len(toTitleSinglets) div 2, 2)
if p >= 0 and c == toTitleSinglets[p]:
return Rune(c + toTitleSinglets[p+1] - 500)
return Rune(c)
proc isLower*(c: Rune): bool {.rtl, extern: "nuc$1", procvar.} =
## returns true iff `c` is a lower case Unicode character
## If possible, prefer `isLower` over `isUpper`.
var c = RuneImpl(c)
# Note: toUpperRanges is correct here!
var p = binarySearch(c, toupperRanges, len(toupperRanges) div 3, 3)
if p >= 0 and c >= toupperRanges[p] and c <= toupperRanges[p+1]:
return true
p = binarySearch(c, toupperSinglets, len(toupperSinglets) div 2, 2)
if p >= 0 and c == toupperSinglets[p]:
return true
proc isUpper*(c: Rune): bool {.rtl, extern: "nuc$1", procvar.} =
## returns true iff `c` is a upper case Unicode character
## If possible, prefer `isLower` over `isUpper`.
var c = RuneImpl(c)
# Note: toLowerRanges is correct here!
var p = binarySearch(c, tolowerRanges, len(tolowerRanges) div 3, 3)
if p >= 0 and c >= tolowerRanges[p] and c <= tolowerRanges[p+1]:
return true
p = binarySearch(c, tolowerSinglets, len(tolowerSinglets) div 2, 2)
if p >= 0 and c == tolowerSinglets[p]:
return true
proc isAlpha*(c: Rune): bool {.rtl, extern: "nuc$1", procvar.} =
## returns true iff `c` is an *alpha* Unicode character (i.e. a letter)
if isUpper(c) or isLower(c):
return true
var c = RuneImpl(c)
var p = binarySearch(c, alphaRanges, len(alphaRanges) div 2, 2)
if p >= 0 and c >= alphaRanges[p] and c <= alphaRanges[p+1]:
return true
p = binarySearch(c, alphaSinglets, len(alphaSinglets), 1)
if p >= 0 and c == alphaSinglets[p]:
return true
proc isTitle*(c: Rune): bool {.rtl, extern: "nuc$1", procvar.} =
return isUpper(c) and isLower(c)
proc isWhiteSpace*(c: Rune): bool {.rtl, extern: "nuc$1", procvar.} =
## returns true iff `c` is a Unicode whitespace character
var c = RuneImpl(c)
var p = binarySearch(c, spaceRanges, len(spaceRanges) div 2, 2)
if p >= 0 and c >= spaceRanges[p] and c <= spaceRanges[p+1]:
return true
proc isCombining*(c: Rune): bool {.rtl, extern: "nuc$1", procvar.} =
## returns true iff `c` is a Unicode combining character
var c = RuneImpl(c)
# Optimized to return false immediately for ASCII
return c >= 0x0300 and (c <= 0x036f or
(c >= 0x1ab0 and c <= 0x1aff) or
(c >= 0x1dc0 and c <= 0x1dff) or
(c >= 0x20d0 and c <= 0x20ff) or
(c >= 0xfe20 and c <= 0xfe2f))
iterator runes*(s: string): Rune =
## iterates over any unicode character of the string `s`.
var
i = 0
result: Rune
while i < len(s):
fastRuneAt(s, i, result, true)
yield result
proc cmpRunesIgnoreCase*(a, b: string): int {.rtl, extern: "nuc$1", procvar.} =
## compares two UTF8 strings and ignores the case. Returns:
##
## | 0 iff a == b
## | < 0 iff a < b
## | > 0 iff a > b
var i = 0
var j = 0
var ar, br: Rune
while i < a.len and j < b.len:
# slow path:
fastRuneAt(a, i, ar)
fastRuneAt(b, j, br)
result = RuneImpl(toLower(ar)) - RuneImpl(toLower(br))
if result != 0: return
result = a.len - b.len
proc reversed*(s: string): string =
## returns the reverse of `s`, interpreting it as unicode characters. Unicode
## combining characters are correctly interpreted as well:
##
## .. code-block:: nim
##
## assert reversed("Reverse this!") == "!siht esreveR"
## assert reversed("先秦兩漢") == "漢兩秦先"
## assert reversed("as⃝df̅") == "f̅ds⃝a"
## assert reversed("a⃞b⃞c⃞") == "c⃞b⃞a⃞"
var
i = 0
lastI = 0
newPos = len(s) - 1
blockPos = 0
r: Rune
template reverseUntil(pos): stmt =
var j = pos - 1
while j > blockPos:
result[newPos] = s[j]
dec j
dec newPos
blockPos = pos - 1
result = newString(len(s))
while i < len(s):
lastI = i
fastRuneAt(s, i, r, true)
if not isCombining(r):
reverseUntil(lastI)
reverseUntil(len(s))
when isMainModule:
let
someString = "öÑ"
someRunes = @[runeAt(someString, 0), runeAt(someString, 2)]
compared = (someString == $someRunes)
assert compared == true
assert reversed("Reverse this!") == "!siht esreveR"
assert reversed("先秦兩漢") == "漢兩秦先"
assert reversed("as⃝df̅") == "f̅ds⃝a"
assert reversed("a⃞b⃞c⃞") == "c⃞b⃞a⃞"