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<pre id='vimCodeElement'>
<span class="Comment">//: Instructions can read from addresses pointing at other locations using the</span>
<span class="Comment">//: 'lookup' property.</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario copy_indirect)</span>
recipe main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">2</span>
  <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>
  <span class="Comment"># This loads location 1 as an address and looks up *that* location.</span>
  <span class="Constant">3</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number/lookup
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 34 in location 3</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;long long int base = x.value&quot; following &quot;vector&lt;double&gt; read_memory(reagent x)&quot;)</span>
x = canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">);</span>

<span class="Comment">//: similarly, write to addresses pointing at other locations using the</span>
<span class="Comment">//: 'lookup' property</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario store_indirect)</span>
recipe main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">2</span>
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number/lookup<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 34 in location 2</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;long long int base = x.value&quot; following &quot;void write_memory(reagent x, vector&lt;double&gt; data)&quot;)</span>
x = canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value == <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  raise &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;can't write to location 0 in '&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>to_string<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;'</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(after &quot;bool is_mu_array(reagent r)&quot;)</span>
r = canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">);</span>

<span class="Comment">//: writes to address 0 always loudly fail</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario store_to_0_warns)</span>
<span class="Special">% Hide_warnings = true;</span>
recipe main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">0</span>
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number/lookup<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>
]
<span class="traceAbsent">-mem: storing 34 in location 0</span>
<span class="traceContains">+warn: can't write to location 0 in '1:address:number/lookup &lt;- copy 34'</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span>
reagent canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>reagent x<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_literal<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> x<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  reagent r = x<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  while <span class="Delimiter">(</span>has_property<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;lookup&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">))</span>
    r = lookup_memory<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> r<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

reagent lookup_memory<span class="Delimiter">(</span>reagent x<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  static const type_ordinal ADDRESS = Type_ordinal[<span class="Constant">&quot;address&quot;</span>]<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  reagent result<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">()</span> || x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> != ADDRESS<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    raise &lt;&lt; current_recipe_name<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;: tried to /lookup &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>original_string &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; but it isn't an address</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
    <span class="Identifier">return</span> result<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  <span class="Comment">// compute value</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value == <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    raise &lt;&lt; current_recipe_name<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;: tried to /lookup 0</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
    <span class="Identifier">return</span> result<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  result<span class="Delimiter">.</span>set_value<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Memory[x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value]<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Primitive_recipe_depth<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;mem&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;location &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; is &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; result<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>

  <span class="Comment">// populate types</span>
  copy<span class="Delimiter">(</span>++x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">(),</span> x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">(),</span> inserter<span class="Delimiter">(</span>result<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">,</span> result<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">()));</span>

  <span class="Comment">// drop-one 'lookup'</span>
  long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  long long int len = SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; len<span class="Delimiter">;</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">).</span>first == <span class="Constant">&quot;lookup&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
    result<span class="Delimiter">.</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  ++i<span class="Delimiter">;</span>  <span class="Comment">// skip first lookup</span>
  for <span class="Delimiter">(;</span> i &lt; len<span class="Delimiter">;</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    result<span class="Delimiter">.</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> result<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="SalientComment">//:: 'get' can read from container address</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario get_indirect)</span>
recipe main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">2</span>
  <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>
  <span class="Constant">3</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">35</span>
  <span class="Constant">4</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:point/lookup<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">0</span>:offset
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 34 in location 4</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario include_nonlookup_properties)</span>
recipe main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">2</span>
  <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>
  <span class="Constant">3</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">35</span>
  <span class="Constant">4</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:point/lookup/foo<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">0</span>:offset
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 34 in location 4</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(after &quot;reagent base = &quot; following &quot;case GET:&quot;)</span>
base = canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>base<span class="Delimiter">);</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario get_address_indirect)</span>
<span class="Comment"># 'get' can read from container address</span>
recipe main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">2</span>
  <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>
  <span class="Constant">3</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">35</span>
  <span class="Constant">4</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get-address <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:point/lookup<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">0</span>:offset
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 2 in location 4</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(after &quot;reagent base = &quot; following &quot;case GET_ADDRESS:&quot;)</span>
base = canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>base<span class="Delimiter">);</span>

<span class="SalientComment">//:: abbreviation for '/lookup': a prefix '*'</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario lookup_abbreviation)</span>
recipe main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">2</span>
  <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>
  <span class="Constant">3</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy *<span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 34 in location 3</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Parsing reagent&quot;)</span>
<span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  while <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!name<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &amp;&amp; name<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> == <span class="Constant">'*'</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    name<span class="Delimiter">.</span>erase<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
    properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>pair&lt;string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> vector&lt;string&gt; &gt;<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">&quot;lookup&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> vector&lt;string&gt;<span class="Delimiter">()));</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>name<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">())</span>
    raise &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;illegal name &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; original_string &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="SalientComment">//:: helpers for debugging</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Declarations&quot;)</span>
_DUMP<span class="Delimiter">,</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Numbers&quot;)</span>
Recipe_ordinal[<span class="Constant">&quot;$dump&quot;</span>] = _DUMP<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Implementations&quot;)</span>
case _DUMP: <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  reagent after_canonize = canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">));</span>
  cerr &lt;&lt; current_recipe_name<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;: &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><pre { line-height: 125%; }
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.highlight .nd { color: #555555 } /* Name.Decorator */
.highlight .ne { color: #bb0066; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Exception */
.highlight .nf { color: #0066bb; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Function */
.highlight .nl { color: #336699; font-style: italic } /* Name.Label */
.highlight .nn { color: #bb0066; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Namespace */
.highlight .py { color: #336699; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Property */
.highlight .nt { color: #bb0066; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Tag */
.highlight .nv { color: #336699 } /* Name.Variable */
.highlight .ow { color: #008800 } /* Operator.Word */
.highlight .w { color: #bbbbbb } /* Text.Whitespace */
.highlight .mb { color: #0000DD; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.Number.Bin */
.highlight .mf { color: #0000DD; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.Number.Float */
.highlight .mh { color: #0000DD; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
.highlight .mi { color: #0000DD; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.Number.Integer */
.highlight .mo { color: #0000DD; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.Number.Oct */
.highlight .sa { color: #dd2200; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Affix */
.highlight .sb { color: #dd2200; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
.highlight .sc { color: #dd2200; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Char */
.highlight .dl { color: #dd2200; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Delimiter */
.highlight .sd { color: #dd2200; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Doc */
.highlight .s2 { color: #dd2200; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Double */
.highlight .se { color: #0044dd; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Escape */
.highlight .sh { color: #dd2200; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
.highlight .si { color: #3333bb; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
.highlight .sx { color: #22bb22; background-color: #f0fff0 } /* Literal.String.Other */
.highlight .sr { color: #008800; background-color: #fff0ff } /* Literal.String.Regex */
.highlight .s1 { color: #dd2200; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Single */
.highlight .ss { color: #aa6600; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
.highlight .bp { color: #003388 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */
.highlight .fm { color: #0066bb; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Function.Magic */
.highlight .vc { color: #336699 } /* Name.Variable.Class */
.highlight .vg { color: #dd7700 } /* Name.Variable.Global */
.highlight .vi { color: #3333bb } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
.highlight .vm { color: #336699 } /* Name.Variable.Magic */
.highlight .il { color: #0000DD; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */
//: Phase 3: Start running a loaded and transformed recipe.
//:
//: So far we've seen recipes as lists of instructions, and instructions point
//: at other recipes. To kick things off mu needs to know how to run certain
//: 'primitive' recipes. That will then give the ability to run recipes
//: containing these primitives.
//:
//: This layer defines a skeleton with just two primitive recipes: IDLE which
//: does nothing, and COPY, which can copy numbers from one memory location to
//: another. Later layers will add more primitives.

:(scenario copy_literal)
def main [
  1:number <- copy 23
]
+run: {1: "number"} <- copy {23: "literal"}
+mem: storing 23 in location 1

:(scenario copy)
def main [
  1:number <- copy 23
  2:number <- copy 1:number
]
+run: {2: "number"} <- copy {1: "number"}
+mem: location 1 is 23
+mem: storing 23 in location 2

:(scenario copy_multiple)
def main [
  1:number, 2:number <- copy 23, 24
]
+mem: storing 23 in location 1
+mem: storing 24 in location 2

:(before "End Types")
// Book-keeping while running a recipe.
//: Later layers will replace this to support running multiple routines at once.
struct routine {
  recipe_ordinal running_recipe;
  int running_step_index;
  routine(recipe_ordinal r) :running_recipe(r), running_step_index(0) {}
  bool completed() const;
  const vector<instruction>& steps() const;
};

:(before "End Globals")
routine* Current_routine = NULL;
map<string, int> Instructions_running;
map<string, int> Locations_read;
map<string, int> Locations_read_by_instruction;

:(code)
void run(recipe_ordinal r) {
  routine rr(r);
  Current_routine = &rr;
  run_current_routine();
}

void run_current_routine()
{  // curly on a separate line, because later layers will modify function header
  while (!Current_routine->completed())  // later layers will modify condition
  {
    // Running One Instruction
    if (current_instruction().is_label) { ++current_step_index(); continue; }
    trace(Initial_callstack_depth + Trace_stream->callstack_depth, "run") << to_string(current_instruction()) << end();
    if (get_or_insert(Memory, 0) != 0) {
      raise << "something wrote to location 0; this should never happen\n" << end();
      put(Memory, 0, 0);
    }
    // read all ingredients from memory, each potentially spanning multiple locations
    vector<vector<double> > ingredients;
    if (should_copy_ingredients()) {
      for (int i = 0; i < SIZE(current_instruction().ingredients); ++i)
        ingredients.push_back(read_memory(current_instruction().ingredients.at(i)));
    }
    // instructions below will write to 'products'
    vector<vector<double> > products;
    switch (current_instruction().operation) {
      // Primitive Recipe Implementations
      case COPY: {
        copy(ingredients.begin(), ingredients.end(), inserter(products, products.begin()));
        break;
      }
      // End Primitive Recipe Implementations
      default: {
        cout << "not a primitive op: " << current_instruction().operation << '\n';
      }
    }
    // Write Products of Instruction
    if (SIZE(products) < SIZE(current_instruction().products)) {
      raise << SIZE(products) << " vs " << SIZE(current_instruction().products) << ": failed to write to all products! " << to_original_string(current_instruction()) << '\n' << end();
    }
    else {
      for (int i = 0; i < SIZE(current_instruction().products); ++i)
        write_memory(current_instruction().products.at(i), products.at(i));
    }
    // End Write Products of Instruction
    // End Running One Instruction
    finish_instruction:;
    ++current_step_index();
  }
  stop_running_current_routine:;
}

bool should_copy_ingredients() {
  // End should_copy_ingredients Special-cases
  return true;
}

//: Some helpers.
//: We'll need to override these later as we change the definition of routine.
//: Important that they return referrences into the routine.

int& current_step_index() {
  return Current_routine->running_step_index;
}

const string& current_recipe_name() {
  return get(Recipe, Current_routine->running_recipe).name;
}

const instruction& current_instruction() {
  return get(Recipe, Current_routine->running_recipe).steps.at(Current_routine->running_step_index);
}

bool routine::completed() const {
  return running_step_index >= SIZE(get(Recipe, running_recipe).steps);
}

const vector<instruction>& routine::steps() const {
  return get(Recipe, running_recipe).steps;
}

//:: Startup flow

//: Step 1: load all .mu files with numeric prefixes (in order)
:(before "End Load Recipes")
// Load .mu Core
//? Save_trace = true;
//? START_TRACING_UNTIL_END_OF_SCOPE;
load_file_or_directory("core.mu");
//? DUMP("");
//? exit(0);

//: Step 2: load any .mu files provided at the commandline
:(before "End Commandline Parsing")
// Check For .mu Files
//? START_TRACING_UNTIL_END_OF_SCOPE
if (argc > 1) {
  // skip argv[0]
  ++argv;
  --argc;
  // ignore argv past '--'; that's commandline args for 'main'
  while (argc > 0) {
    if (string(*argv) == "--") break;
    load_file_or_directory(*argv);
    --argc;
    ++argv;
  }
  if (Run_tests) Recipe.erase(get(Recipe_ordinal, "main"));
}
transform_all();
//? DUMP("");
//? exit(0);
if (Trace_errors) return 1;
save_snapshots();

//: Step 3: if we aren't running tests, locate a recipe called 'main' and
//: start running it.
:(before "End Main")
if (!Run_tests && contains_key(Recipe_ordinal, "main") && contains_key(Recipe, get(Recipe_ordinal, "main"))) {
  // Running Main
  setup();
//?   Save_trace = true;
  if (Trace_main) Trace_stream = new trace_stream;
  trace(9990, "run") << "=== Starting to run" << end();
  assert(Num_calls_to_transform_all == 1);
  run_main(argc, argv);
  teardown();
}
:(code)
void run_main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
  recipe_ordinal r = get(Recipe_ordinal, "main");
  if (r) run(r);
}

//: By default we don't maintain the trace while running main because its
//: overheads can grow rapidly. However, it's useful when debugging.
:(before "End Globals")
bool Trace_main = false;
:(before "End Commandline Options(*arg)")
else if (is_equal(*arg, "--trace")) {
  Trace_main = true;
}

:(code)
void dump_profile() {
  for (map<string, int>::iterator p = Instructions_running.begin(); p != Instructions_running.end(); ++p) {
    cerr << p->first << ": " << p->second << '\n';
  }
  cerr << "== locations read\n";
  for (map<string, int>::iterator p = Locations_read.begin(); p != Locations_read.end(); ++p) {
    cerr << p->first << ": " << p->second << '\n';
  }
  cerr << "== locations read by instruction\n";
  for (map<string, int>::iterator p = Locations_read_by_instruction.begin(); p != Locations_read_by_instruction.end(); ++p) {
    cerr << p->first << ": " << p->second << '\n';
  }
}
:(before "End One-time Setup")
//? atexit(dump_profile);

:(code)
void cleanup_main() {
  if (Save_trace && Trace_stream) {
    ofstream fout("interactive");
    fout << Trace_stream->readable_contents("");
    fout.close();
  }
  if (Trace_stream) delete Trace_stream, Trace_stream = NULL;
}
:(before "End One-time Setup")
atexit(cleanup_main);

:(code)
void load_file_or_directory(string filename) {
  if (is_directory(filename)) {
    load_all(filename);
    return;
  }
  ifstream fin(filename.c_str());
  if (!fin) {
    cerr << "no such file '" << filename << "'\n" << end();  // don't raise, just warn. just in case it's just a name for a scenario to run.
    return;
  }
  trace(9990, "load") << "=== " << filename << end();
  load(fin);
  fin.close();
}

bool is_directory(string path) {
  struct stat info;
  if (stat(path.c_str(), &info)) return false;  // error
  return info.st_mode & S_IFDIR;
}

void load_all(string dir) {
  dirent** files;
  int num_files = scandir(dir.c_str(), &files, NULL, alphasort);
  for (int i = 0; i < num_files; ++i) {
    string curr_file = files[i]->d_name;
    if (isdigit(curr_file.at(0)))
      load_file_or_directory(dir+'/'+curr_file);
    free(files[i]);
    files[i] = NULL;
  }
  free(files);
}
:(before "End Includes")
#include <dirent.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>

//:: Reading from memory, writing to memory.

:(code)
vector<double> read_memory(reagent/*copy*/ x) {
  // Begin Preprocess read_memory(x)
  vector<double> result;
  if (is_literal(x)) {
    result.push_back(x.value);
    return result;
  }
  // End Preprocess read_memory(x)
  int size = size_of(x);
  for (int offset = 0; offset < size; ++offset) {
    double val = get_or_insert(Memory, x.value+offset);
    trace(9999, "mem") << "location " << x.value+offset << " is " << no_scientific(val) << end();
    result.push_back(val);
  }
  return result;
}

void write_memory(reagent/*copy*/ x, const vector<double>& data) {
  assert(Current_routine);  // run-time only
  // Begin Preprocess write_memory(x, data)
  if (!x.type) {
    raise << "can't write to '" << to_string(x) << "'; no type\n" << end();
    return;
  }
  if (is_dummy(x)) return;
  if (is_literal(x)) return;
  // End Preprocess write_memory(x, data)
  if (x.value == 0) {
    raise << "can't write to location 0 in '" << to_original_string(current_instruction()) << "'\n" << end();
    return;
  }
  if (size_mismatch(x, data)) {
    raise << maybe(current_recipe_name()) << "size mismatch in storing to '" << x.original_string << "' (" << size_of(x) << " vs " << SIZE(data) << ") at '" << to_original_string(current_instruction()) << "'\n" << end();
    return;
  }
  // End write_memory(x) Special-cases
  for (int offset = 0; offset < SIZE(data); ++offset) {
    assert(x.value+offset > 0);
    trace(9999, "mem") << "storing " << no_scientific(data.at(offset)) << " in location " << x.value+offset << end();
    put(Memory, x.value+offset, data.at(offset));
  }
}

:(code)
int size_of(const reagent& r) {
  if (!r.type) return 0;
  // End size_of(reagent r) Cases
  return size_of(r.type);
}
int size_of(const type_tree* type) {
  if (!type) return 0;
  // End size_of(type) Cases
  return 1;
}

bool size_mismatch(const reagent& x, const vector<double>& data) {
  if (!x.type) return true;
  // End size_mismatch(x) Cases
//?   if (size_of(x) != SIZE(data)) cerr << size_of(x) << " vs " << SIZE(data) << '\n';
  return size_of(x) != SIZE(data);
}

bool is_literal(const reagent& r) {
  return is_literal(r.type);
}
bool is_literal(const type_tree* type) {
  if (!type) return false;
  if (!type->atom) return false;
  return type->value == 0;
}

bool scalar(const vector<int>& x) {
  return SIZE(x) == 1;
}
bool scalar(const vector<double>& x) {
  return SIZE(x) == 1;
}

// helper for tests
void run(const string& form) {
  vector<recipe_ordinal> tmp = load(form);
  transform_all();
  if (tmp.empty()) return;
  if (trace_count("error") > 0) return;
  // if a test defines main, it probably wants to start there regardless of
  // definition order
  if (contains_key(Recipe, get(Recipe_ordinal, "main")))
    run(get(Recipe_ordinal, "main"));
  else
    run(tmp.front());
}

:(scenario run_label)
def main [
  +foo
  1:number <- copy 23
  2:number <- copy 1:number
]
+run: {1: "number"} <- copy {23: "literal"}
+run: {2: "number"} <- copy {1: "number"}
-run: +foo

:(scenario run_dummy)
def main [
  _ <- copy 0
]
+run: _ <- copy {0: "literal"}

:(scenario write_to_0_disallowed)
% Hide_errors = true;
def main [
  0:number <- copy 34
]
-mem: storing 34 in location 0

//: mu is robust to various combinations of commas and spaces. You just have
//: to put spaces around the '<-'.

:(scenario comma_without_space)
def main [
  1:number, 2:number <- copy 2,2
]
+mem: storing 2 in location 1

:(scenario space_without_comma)
def main [
  1:number, 2:number <- copy 2 2
]
+mem: storing 2 in location 1

:(scenario comma_before_space)
def main [
  1:number, 2:number <- copy 2, 2
]
+mem: storing 2 in location 1

:(scenario comma_after_space)
def main [
  1:number, 2:number <- copy 2 ,2
]
+mem: storing 2 in location 1