# Code for the first few disk sectors that all programs in this directory need:
# - load sectors past the first (using BIOS primitives) since only the first is available by default
# - if this fails, print 'D' at top-left of screen and halt
# - initialize a minimal graphics mode
# - switch to 32-bit mode (giving up access to BIOS primitives)
# - set up a handler for keyboard events
# - jump to start of program
#
# To convert to a disk image, first prepare a realistically sized disk image:
# dd if=/dev/zero of=disk.img count=20160 # 512-byte sectors, so 10MB
# Create initial sectors from this file:
# ./bootstrap run apps/hex < baremetal/boot.hex > boot.bin
# Translate other sectors into a file called a.img
# Load all sectors into the disk image:
# cat boot.bin a.img > disk.bin
# dd if=disk.bin of=disk.img conv=notrunc
# To run:
# qemu-system-i386 disk.img
# Or:
# bochs -f baremetal/boot.bochsrc # boot.bochsrc loads disk.img
#
# Since we start out in 16-bit mode, we need instructions SubX doesn't
# support.
# This file contains just lowercase hex bytes and comments. It makes liberal
# use of:
# - comments documenting expected offsets
# - size checks on the emitted file (currently: 6144 bytes)
# - xxd to eyeball that offsets contain expected bytes
#
# Programs using this initialization:
# - can't use any syscalls
# - can't print text to video memory (past these boot sectors)
# - must only print raw pixels (256 colors) to video memory (resolution 1024x768)
# - must start executing immediately after this file (see outline below)
#
# Don't panic! This file doesn't contain any loops or function calls. 80% of
# it is data. One pass through less than 1KB of code (there's lots of
# padding), and then we jump into a better notation. The rest of the stack
# (really only in a couple of slightly higher-level places) only needs to know
# a few magic constants:
# Video memory: start is stored at 0x7f28
# Keyboard buffer: starts at 0x7ee0
# Outline of this file with offsets and the addresses they map to at run-time:
# -- 16-bit mode code
# offset 0 (address 7c00): boot code
# -- 16-bit mode data
# e0 (address 7c80) global descriptor table
# f8 (address 7ca0) <== gdt_descriptor
# -- 32-bit mode code
# offset 100 (address 7d00): boot code
# 1fe (address 7dfe) boot sector marker (2 bytes)
# offset 200 (address 7e00): interrupt handler code
# -- 32-bit mode data
# 2e0 (address 7ee0) <== keyboard buffer
# 2f8 (address 7ef8) <== idt_descriptor
# offset 300 (address 7f00): video mode data (256 bytes)
# 328 (address 7f28) <== start of video RAM stored here
# offset 400 (address 8000): interrupt descriptor table (1KB)
# offset 800 (address 8400): keyboard mappings (2KB)
# offset 1000 (address 8c00): bitmap font (2KB)
# offset 1800 (address 9400): entrypoint for applications (don't forget to adjust survey_baremetal if this changes)
# Other details of the current memory map:
# code: first two default-sized disk tracks into [0x00007c00, 0x00017800)
# stack grows down from 0x00070000
# see below
# heap: [0x01000000, 0x02000000)
# see baremetal/120allocate.subx
# Consult https://wiki.osdev.org/Memory_Map_(x86) before modifying any of this.
## 16-bit entry point
# Upon reset, the IBM PC:
# - loads the first sector (512 bytes)
# from some bootable image (see the boot sector marker at the end of this file)
# to the address range [0x7c00, 0x7e00)
# call this disk read #0
# - starts executing code at address 0x7c00
# offset 00 (address 0x7c00):
# disable interrupts for this initialization
fa # cli
# initialize segment registers
# this isn't always needed, but the recommendation is to not make assumptions
b8 00 00 # ax <- 0
8e d8 # ds <- ax
8e c0 # es <- ax
8e e0 # fs <- ax
8e e8 # gs <- ax
# initialize stack to 0x00070000
# We don't read or write the stack before we get to 32-bit mode, but BIOS
# calls do. We need to move the stack in case BIOS initializes it to some
# low address that we want to write code into.
b8 00 70 # ax <- 0x7000
8e d0 # ss <- ax
bc 00 00 # sp <- 0x0000
# 14:
# disk read #1: load remaining sectors from first two tracks of disk into addresses [0x7e00, 0x17800)
b4 02 # ah <- 2 # read sectors from disk
# dl comes conveniently initialized at boot time with the index of the device being booted
b5 00 # ch <- 0 # cylinder 0
b6 00 # dh <- 0 # track 0
b1 02 # cl <- 2 # second sector, 1-based
b0 7d # al <- 125 # number of sectors to read
# address to write sectors to = es:bx = 0x7e00, contiguous with boot segment
bb 00 00 # bx <- 0
8e c3 # es <- bx
bb 00 7e # bx <- 0x7e00 [label]
cd 13 # int 13h, BIOS disk service
0f 82 a3 00 # jump-if-carry disk_error [label]
# 2c:
# undo the A20 hack: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A20_line
# this is from https://github.com/mit-pdos/xv6-public/blob/master/bootasm.S
# seta20.1:
e4 64 # al <- port 0x64
a8 02 # set zf if bit 1 (second-least significant) is not set
75 fa # if zf not set, goto seta20.1 (-6)
b0 d1 # al <- 0xd1
e6 64 # port 0x64 <- al
# 36:
# seta20.2:
e4 64 # al <- port 0x64
a8 02 # set zf if bit 1 (second-least significant) is not set
75 fa # if zf not set, goto seta20.2 (-6)
b0 df # al <- 0xdf
e6 64 # port 0x64 <- al
# 40:
# adjust video mode
b4 4f # ah <- 4f (VBE)
b0 02 # al <- 02 (set video mode)
bb 05 41 # bx <- 0x0105 (graphics 1024x768x256
# 0x4000 bit = configure linear frame buffer in Bochs emulator; hopefully this doesn't hurt anything when running natively)
# fallback mode: 0x0101 (640x480x256)
cd 10 # int 10h, Vesa BIOS extensions
# 49:
# load information for the (hopefully) current video mode
# mostly just for the address to the linear frame buffer
b4 4f # ah <- 4f (VBE)
b0 01 # al <- 01 (get video mode)
b9 07 01 # cx <- 0x0107 (mode we requested)
bf 00 7f # di <- 0x7f00 (video mode info) [label]
cd 10
# 55:
# switch to 32-bit mode
0f 01 16 # lgdt 00/mod/indirect 010/subop 110/rm/use-disp16
f8 7c # *gdt_descriptor [label]
0f 20 c0 # eax <- cr0
66 83 c8 01 # eax <- or 0x1
0f 22 c0 # cr0 <- eax
ea 00 7d 08 00 # far jump to initialize_32bit_mode after setting cs to the record at offset 8 in the gdt (gdt_code) [label]
# padding
# 69:
00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
# cf:
# disk_error:
# print 'D' to top-left of screen to indicate disk error
# *0xb8000 <- 0x0f44
# bx <- 0xb800
bb 00 b8
# ds <- bx
8e db # 11b/mod 011b/reg/ds 011b/rm/bx
# al <- 'D'
b0 44
# ah <- 0x0f # white on black
b4 0f
# bx <- 0
bb 00 00
# *ds:bx <- ax
89 07 # 00b/mod/indirect 000b/reg/ax 111b/rm/bx
e9 fd ff # loop forever
## GDT: 3 records of 8 bytes each
# e0:
# gdt_start:
# gdt_null: mandatory null descriptor
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
# gdt_code: (offset 8 from gdt_start)
ff ff # limit[0:16]
00 00 00 # base[0:24]
9a # 1/present 00/privilege 1/descriptor type = 1001b
# 1/code 0/conforming 1/readable 0/accessed = 1010b
cf # 1/granularity 1/32-bit 0/64-bit-segment 0/AVL = 1100b
# limit[16:20] = 1111b
00 # base[24:32]
# gdt_data: (offset 16 from gdt_start)
ff ff # limit[0:16]
00 00 00 # base[0:24]
92 # 1/present 00/privilege 1/descriptor type = 1001b
# 0/data 0/conforming 1/readable 0/accessed = 0010b
cf # same as gdt_code
00 # base[24:32]
# gdt_end:
# f8:
# gdt_descriptor:
17 00 # final index of gdt = gdt_end - gdt_start - 1
e0 7c 00 00 # start = gdt_start [label]
# padding
# fe:
00 00
## 32-bit code from this point (still some instructions not in SubX)
# offset 100 (address 0x7d00):
# initialize_32bit_mode:
66 b8 10 00 # ax <- offset 16 from gdt_start
8e d8 # ds <- ax
8e d0 # ss <- ax
8e c0 # es <- ax
8e e0 # fs <- ax
8e e8 # gs <- ax
# 10e:
bc 00 00 07 00 # esp <- 0x00070000
# 113:
# load interrupt handlers
0f 01 1d # lidt 00/mod/indirect 011/subop 101/rm32/use-disp32
f8 7e 00 00 # *idt_descriptor [label]
# For now, not bothering reprogramming the IRQ to not conflict with software
# exceptions.
# https://wiki.osdev.org/index.php?title=8259_PIC&oldid=24650#Protected_Mode
#
# Interrupt 1 (keyboard) conflicts with debugger faults. We don't use a
# debugger.
# Reference:
# https://wiki.osdev.org/Exceptions
# 11a:
# enable keyboard IRQ (1)
b0 fd # al <- 0xfd # disable mask for IRQ1
e6 21 # port 0x21 <- al
# 11e:
# initialization is done; enable interrupts
fb
e9 dc 16 00 00 # jump to 0x9400 [label]
# padding
# 124:
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
# 1fe:
# final 2 bytes of boot sector
55 aa
## sector 2 onwards loaded by load_disk, not automatically on boot
# offset 200 (address 0x7e00):
# null interrupt handler:
cf # iret
# padding
# 201:
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
# 210:
# keyboard interrupt handler:
# prologue
fa # disable interrupts
60 # push all registers to stack
# acknowledge interrupt
b0 20 # al <- 0x20
e6 20 # port 0x20 <- al
# read status into eax
31 c0 # eax <- xor eax; 11/direct 000/r32/eax 000/rm32/eax
e4 64 # al <- port 0x64
# if (status & 0x1) == 0, return
24 01 # al <- and 0x1
3c 00 # compare al, 0
74 89 # jump to epilogue if = [label]
# 220:
# - if keyboard buffer is full, return
31 c9 # ecx <- xor ecx; 11/direct 001/r32/ecx 001/rm32/ecx
# var index/ecx: byte
8a # copy m8 at r32 to r8
0d # 00/mod/indirect 001/r8/cl 101/rm32/use-disp32
e0 7e 00 00 # disp32 [label]
# al = *(keyboard buffer + index)
8a # copy m8 at r32 to r8
81 # 10/mod/*+disp32 000/r8/al 001/rm32/ecx
e8 7e 00 00 # disp32 [label]
# if (al != 0) return
3c 00 # compare al, 0
# 230:
75 77 # jump to epilogue if != [label]
# - read keycode
e4 60 # al <- port 0x60
# 234:
# - key released
# if (al == 0xaa) shift = false # left shift is being lifted
3c aa # compare al, 0xaa
75 0a # jump to $1 if != [label]
# 238:
# *shift = 0
c7 # copy imm32 to rm32
05 # 00/mod/indirect 000/subop/copy 101/rm32/use-disp32
dc 7e 00 00 # disp32 [label]
00 00 00 00 # imm32
# 242:
# $1:
# if (al == 0xb6) shift = false # right shift is being lifted
3c b6 # compare al, 0xb6
# 244:
75 0a # jump to $1 if != [label]
# *shift = 0
c7 # copy imm32 to rm32
05 # 00/mod/indirect 000/subop/copy 101/rm32/use-disp32
dc 7e 00 00 # disp32 [label]
00 00 00 00 # imm32
# 250:
# $2:
# if (al & 0x80) a key is being lifted; return
50 # push eax
24 80 # al <- and 0x80
3c 00 # compare al, 0
58 # pop to eax (without touching flags)
75 51 # jump to epilogue if != [label]
# 258:
# - key pressed
# if (al == 0x2a) shift = true, return # left shift pressed
3c 2a # compare al, 0x2a
75 0c # jump to $3 if != [label]
# *shift = 1
c7 # copy imm32 to rm32
05 # 00/mod/indirect 000/subop/copy 101/rm32/use-disp32
dc 7e 00 00 # disp32 [label]
01 00 00 00 # imm32
eb 41 # jump to epilogue [label]
# 268:
# $3:
# if (al == 0x36) shift = true, return # right shift pressed
3c 36 # compare al, 0x36
75 0c # jump to $4 if != [label]
# *shift = 1
c7 # copy imm32 to rm32
05 # 00/mod/indirect 000/subop/copy 101/rm32/use-disp32
dc 7e 00 00 # disp32 [label]
01 00 00 00 # imm32
eb 31 # jump to epilogue [label]
# $4:
# 278:
# - convert key to character
# if (shift) keyboard normal map += 0x100
81 # operate on rm32 and imm32
3d # 00/mod/indirect 111/subop/compare 101/rm32/use-disp32
dc 7e 00 00 # disp32 = shift [label]
00 00 00 00 # imm32
74 08 # jump to $5 if = [label]
# 284:
# al <- *(keyboard shift map + eax)
8a # copy m8 at rm32 to r8
80 # 10/mod/*+disp32 000/r8/al 000/rm32/eax
00 85 00 00 # disp32 [label]
eb 06 # jump to $6 [label]
# $5:
# 28c:
# al <- *(keyboard normal map + eax)
8a # copy m8 at rm32 to r8
80 # 10/mod/*+disp32 000/r8/al 000/rm32/eax
00 84 00 00 # disp32 [label]
# $6:
# 292:
# - if there's no character mapping, return
3c 00 # compare al, 0
74 13 # jump to epilogue if = [label]
# 296:
# - store al in keyboard buffer
88 # copy r8 to m8 at r32
81 # 10/mod/*+disp32 000/r8/al 001/rm32/ecx
e8 7e 00 00 # disp32 [label]
# 29c:
# increment index
fe # increment byte
05 # 00/mod/indirect 000/subop/increment 101/rm32/use-disp32
e0 7e 00 00 # disp32 [label]
# 2a2:
# clear top nibble of index (keyboard buffer is circular)
80 # and byte
25 # 00/mod/indirect 100/subop/and 101/rm32/use-disp32
e0 7e 00 00 # disp32 [label]
0f # imm8
# 2a9:
# epilogue
61 # pop all registers
fb # enable interrupts
cf # iret
# padding
# 2ac:
00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
# 2dc:
# var shift: boolean
00 00 00 00
# 2e0:
# var keyboard circular buffer
# write index: nibble
# still take up 4 bytes so SubX can handle it
00 00 00 00
# 2e4:
# read index: nibble
# still take up 4 bytes so SubX can handle it
00 00 00 00
# 2e8:
# circular buffer: byte[16]
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
# 2f8:
# idt_descriptor:
ff 03 # idt_end - idt_start - 1
00 80 00 00 # start = idt_start [label]
# padding
# 2fe:
00 00
# offset 300 (address 0x7f00):
# video mode info:
00 00 # attributes
00 # winA
00 # winB
# 304
00 00 # granularity
00 00 # winsize
# 308
00 00 # segmentA
00 00 # segmentB
# 30c
00 00 00 00 # realFctPtr (who knows)
# 310
00 00 # pitch
00 00 # Xres
# 314
00 00 # Yres
00 00 # Wchar Ychar
# 318
00 # planes
00 # bpp
00 # banks
00 # memory_model
# 31c
00 # bank_size
00 # image_pages
00 # reserved
# 31f
00 00 # red_mask red_position
00 00 # green_mask green_position
00 00 # blue_mask blue_position
00 00 # rsv_mask rsv_position
00 # directcolor_attributes
# 328
00 00 00 00 # physbase <== linear frame buffer
# 32c
# reserved for video mode info
00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
# offset 400 (address 0x8000):
# interrupt descriptor table {{{
# 128 entries * 8 bytes each = 1024 bytes (0x400)
# idt_start:
# entry 0
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
# By default, BIOS maps IRQ0-7 to interrupt vectors 8-15.
# https://wiki.osdev.org/index.php?title=Interrupts&oldid=25102#Default_PC_Interrupt_Vector_Assignment
# entry 8: clock
00 7e # target[0:16] = null interrupt handler [label]
08 00 # segment selector (gdt_code)
00 # unused
8e # 1/p 00/dpl 0 1110/type/32-bit-interrupt-gate
00 00 # target[16:32]
# entry 9: keyboard
10 7e # target[0:16] = keyboard interrupt handler [label]
08 00 # segment selector (gdt_code)
00 # unused
8e # 1/p 00/dpl 0 1110/type/32-bit-interrupt-gate
00 00 # target[16:32]
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
# 500:
# entry 0x20
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
# 600:
# entry 0x40
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
# 700:
# entry 0x60
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
# entry 0x70
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
# idt_end:
# }}}
## the rest of this file has data
# offset 800 (address 0x8400):
# translating keys to ASCII {{{
# keyboard normal map:
00
# es
1b
# |<--- digits -------------->| - = backspace
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 30 2d 3d 08
# offset 80f
# tab q w e r t y u i o p [ ]
09 71 77 65 72 74 79 75 69 6f 70 5b 5d
# offset 81c
# enter
0a 00
# offset 81e
# a s d f g h j k l ; ' ` \
61 73 64 66 67 68 6a 6b 6c 3b 27 60 00 5c
# ^ left shift
# offset 82c
# z x c v b n m , . / *
7a 78 63 76 62 6e 6d 2c 2e 2f 00 2a
# ^ right shift
# offset 838
# space
00 20
# offset 83a
00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
# numeric keypad would start here, but isn't implemented
00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
# 900:
# keyboard shift map:
00
# es
1b
# ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ + backspace
21 40 23 24 25 53 26 2a 28 29 5f 2b 08
# offset 90f
# tab Q W E R T Y U I O P { }
09 51 57 55 52 54 59 55 59 5f 50 7b 7d
# offset 91c
# enter
0a 00
# offset 91e
# A S D F G H J K L : " ~ |
41 53 44 46 47 48 4a 4b 4c 3a 22 7e 00 7c
# offset 92c
# Z X C V B N M < > ? *
5a 58 43 56 42 4e 4d 3c 3e 3f 00 2a
# offset 938
# space
00 20
# offset 93a
00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
# numeric keypad would start here, but isn't implemented
00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
# a00:
# keyboard ctrl map:
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
# padding (there might be more keyboard tables)
# b00:
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
# c00:
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
# d00:
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
# e00:
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
# f00:
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
# }}}
# offset 1000 (address 0x8c00)
# Bitmaps for some ASCII characters (soon Unicode) {{{
# Part of GNU Unifont
# 8px wide, 16px tall
# Based on http://unifoundry.com/pub/unifont/unifont-13.0.05/font-builds/unifont-13.0.05.hex.gz
# See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Unifont#The_.hex_font_format
# Website: http://unifoundry.com/unifont/index.html
# License: http://unifoundry.com/LICENSE.txt (GPL v2)
# Each line below is a bitmap for a single character.
# Each byte is a bitmap for a single row of 8 pixels.
# some unprintable ASCII chars
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
# 0x20 = space
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
# !
00 00 00 00 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 00 08 08 00 00
# "
00 00 22 22 22 22 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
# 0x23 = '#'
00 00 00 00 12 12 12 7e 24 24 7e 48 48 48 00 00
# $
00 00 00 00 08 3e 49 48 38 0e 09 49 3e 08 00 00
# %
00 00 00 00 31 4a 4a 34 08 08 16 29 29 46 00 00
# &
00 00 00 00 1c 22 22 14 18 29 45 42 46 39 00 00
# '
00 00 08 08 08 08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
# (
00 00 00 04 08 08 10 10 10 10 10 10 08 08 04 00
# )
00 00 00 20 10 10 08 08 08 08 08 08 10 10 20 00
# *
00 00 00 00 00 00 08 49 2a 1c 2a 49 08 00 00 00
# +
00 00 00 00 00 00 08 08 08 7f 08 08 08 00 00 00
# ,
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 18 08 08 10
# -
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 3c 00 00 00 00 00 00
# .
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 18 18 00 00
# /
00 00 00 00 02 02 04 08 08 10 10 20 40 40 00 00
# 0x30 = '0'
00 00 00 00 18 24 42 46 4a 52 62 42 24 18 00 00
# 1
00 00 00 00 08 18 28 08 08 08 08 08 08 3e 00 00
# 2
00 00 00 00 3c 42 42 02 0c 10 20 40 40 7e 00 00
# 3
00 00 00 00 3c 42 42 02 1c 02 02 42 42 3c 00 00
# 4
00 00 00 00 04 0c 14 24 44 44 7e 04 04 04 00 00
# 5
00 00 00 00 7e 40 40 40 7c 02 02 02 42 3c 00 00
# 6
00 00 00 00 1c 20 40 40 7c 42 42 42 42 3c 00 00
# 7
00 00 00 00 7e 02 02 04 04 04 08 08 08 08 00 00
# 8
00 00 00 00 3c 42 42 42 3c 42 42 42 42 3c 00 00
# 9
00 00 00 00 3c 42 42 42 3e 02 02 02 04 38 00 00
# :
00 00 00 00 00 00 18 18 00 00 00 18 18 00 00 00
# ;
00 00 00 00 00 00 18 18 00 00 00 18 08 08 10 00
# <
00 00 00 00 00 02 04 08 10 20 10 08 04 02 00 00
# =
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 7e 00 00 00 7e 00 00 00 00
# >
00 00 00 00 00 40 20 10 08 04 08 10 20 40 00 00
# ?
00 00 00 00 3c 42 42 02 04 08 08 00 08 08 00 00
# 0x40 = @
00 00 00 00 1c 22 4a 56 52 52 52 4e 20 1e 00 00
# A
00 00 00 00 18 24 24 42 42 7e 42 42 42 42 00 00
# B
00 00 00 00 7c 42 42 42 7c 42 42 42 42 7c 00 00
# C
00 00 00 00 3c 42 42 40 40 40 40 42 42 3c 00 00
# D
00 00 00 00 78 44 42 42 42 42 42 42 44 78 00 00
# E
00 00 00 00 7e 40 40 40 7c 40 40 40 40 7e 00 00
# F
00 00 00 00 7e 40 40 40 7c 40 40 40 40 40 00 00
# G
00 00 00 00 3c 42 42 40 40 4e 42 42 46 3a 00 00
# H
00 00 00 00 42 42 42 42 7e 42 42 42 42 42 00 00
# I
00 00 00 00 3e 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 3e 00 00
# J
00 00 00 00 1f 04 04 04 04 04 04 44 44 38 00 00
# K
00 00 00 00 42 44 48 50 60 60 50 48 44 42 00 00
# L
00 00 00 00 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 7e 00 00
# M
00 00 00 00 42 42 66 66 5a 5a 42 42 42 42 00 00
# N
00 00 00 00 42 62 62 52 52 4a 4a 46 46 42 00 00
# O
00 00 00 00 3c 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 3c 00 00
# 0x50 = P
00 00 00 00 7c 42 42 42 7c 40 40 40 40 40 00 00
# Q
00 00 00 00 3c 42 42 42 42 42 42 5a 66 3c 03 00
# R
00 00 00 00 7c 42 42 42 7c 48 44 44 42 42 00 00
# S
00 00 00 00 3c 42 42 40 30 0c 02 42 42 3c 00 00
# T
00 00 00 00 7f 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 00 00
# U
00 00 00 00 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 3c 00 00
# V
00 00 00 00 41 41 41 22 22 22 14 14 08 08 00 00
# W
00 00 00 00 42 42 42 42 5a 5a 66 66 42 42 00 00
# X
00 00 00 00 42 42 24 24 18 18 24 24 42 42 00 00
# Y
00 00 00 00 41 41 22 22 14 08 08 08 08 08 00 00
# Z
00 00 00 00 7e 02 02 04 08 10 20 40 40 7e 00 00
# [
00 00 00 0e 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 0e 00
# \
00 00 00 00 40 40 20 10 10 08 08 04 02 02 00 00
# ]
00 00 00 70 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 70 00
# ^
00 00 18 24 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
# _
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 7f 00
# 0x60 = backtick
00 20 10 08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
# a
00 00 00 00 00 00 3c 42 02 3e 42 42 46 3a 00 00
# b
00 00 00 40 40 40 5c 62 42 42 42 42 62 5c 00 00
# c
00 00 00 00 00 00 3c 42 40 40 40 40 42 3c 00 00
# d
00 00 00 02 02 02 3a 46 42 42 42 42 46 3a 00 00
# e
00 00 00 00 00 00 3c 42 42 7e 40 40 42 3c 00 00
# f
00 00 00 0c 10 10 10 7c 10 10 10 10 10 10 00 00
# g
00 00 00 00 00 02 3a 44 44 44 38 20 3c 42 42 3c
# h
00 00 00 40 40 40 5c 62 42 42 42 42 42 42 00 00
# i
00 00 00 08 08 00 18 08 08 08 08 08 08 3e 00 00
# j
00 00 00 04 04 00 0c 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 48 30
# k
00 00 00 40 40 40 44 48 50 60 50 48 44 42 00 00
# l
00 00 00 18 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 3e 00 00
# m
00 00 00 00 00 00 76 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 00 00
# n
00 00 00 00 00 00 5c 62 42 42 42 42 42 42 00 00
# o
00 00 00 00 00 00 3c 42 42 42 42 42 42 3c 00 00
# 0x70 = p
00 00 00 00 00 00 5c 62 42 42 42 42 62 5c 40 40
# q
00 00 00 00 00 00 3a 46 42 42 42 42 46 3a 02 02
# r
00 00 00 00 00 00 5c 62 42 40 40 40 40 40 00 00
# s
00 00 00 00 00 00 3c 42 40 30 0c 02 42 3c 00 00
# t
00 00 00 00 10 10 10 7c 10 10 10 10 10 0c 00 00
# u
00 00 00 00 00 00 42 42 42 42 42 42 46 3a 00 00
# v
00 00 00 00 00 00 42 42 42 24 24 24 18 18 00 00
# w
00 00 00 00 00 00 41 49 49 49 49 49 49 36 00 00
# x
00 00 00 00 00 00 42 42 24 18 18 24 42 42 00 00
# y
00 00 00 00 00 00 42 42 42 42 42 26 1a 02 02 3c
# z
00 00 00 00 00 00 7e 02 04 08 10 20 40 7e 00 00
# {
00 00 00 0c 10 10 08 08 10 20 10 08 08 10 10 0c
# |
00 00 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 08 08
# }
00 00 00 30 08 08 10 10 08 04 08 10 10 08 08 30
# ~
00 00 00 31 49 46 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
# 0x7f = del (unused)
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
# }}}
# offset 1800 (address 0x9400)
# vim:ft=subx