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<span class="Comment">//: Phase 3: Start running a loaded and transformed recipe.</span>
<span class="Comment">//:</span>
<span class="Comment">//: So far we've seen recipes as lists of instructions, and instructions point</span>
<span class="Comment">//: at other recipes. To kick things off mu needs to know how to run certain</span>
<span class="Comment">//: 'primitive' recipes. That will then give the ability to run recipes</span>
<span class="Comment">//: containing these primitives.</span>
<span class="Comment">//:</span>
<span class="Comment">//: This layer defines a skeleton with just two primitive recipes: IDLE which</span>
<span class="Comment">//: does nothing, and COPY, which can copy numbers from one memory location to</span>
<span class="Comment">//: another. Later layers will add more primitives.</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario copy_literal)</span>
recipe main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">23</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+run: 1:number &lt;- copy 23</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 23 in location 1</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario copy)</span>
recipe main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">23</span>
  <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">1</span>:number
]
<span class="traceContains">+run: 2:number &lt;- copy 1:number</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: location 1 is 23</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 23 in location 2</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario copy_multiple)</span>
recipe main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">23</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">24</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 23 in location 1</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 24 in location 2</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Types&quot;)</span>
<span class="Comment">// Book-keeping while running a recipe.</span>
<span class="Comment">//: Later layers will change this.</span>
struct routine <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  recipe_ordinal running_recipe<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  long long int running_step_index<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  routine<span class="Delimiter">(</span>recipe_ordinal r<span class="Delimiter">)</span> :running_recipe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">),</span> running_step_index<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{}</span>
  bool completed<span class="Delimiter">()</span> const<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">};</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Globals&quot;)</span>
routine* Current_routine = <span class="Constant">NULL</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
map&lt;string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> long long int&gt; Instructions_running<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
map&lt;string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> long long int&gt; Locations_read<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
map&lt;string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> long long int&gt; Locations_read_by_instruction<span class="Delimiter">;</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span>
void run<span class="Delimiter">(</span>recipe_ordinal r<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  routine rr<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  Current_routine = &amp;rr<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  run_current_routine<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

void run_current_routine<span class="Delimiter">()</span>
<span class="Delimiter">{</span>  <span class="Comment">// curly on a separate line, because later layers will modify header</span>
  while <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>completed<span class="Delimiter">())</span>  <span class="Comment">// later layers will modify condition</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    <span class="Comment">// Running One Instruction</span>
<span class="CommentedCode">//?     Instructions_running[current_recipe_name()]++;</span>
    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>is_label<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> ++current_step_index<span class="Delimiter">();</span> <span class="Identifier">continue</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
    trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Initial_callstack_depth+Callstack_depth<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;run&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>to_string<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>Memory[<span class="Constant">0</span>] != <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
      raise &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;something wrote to location 0; this should never happen</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
      Memory[<span class="Constant">0</span>] = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
    <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
    <span class="Comment">// Read all ingredients from memory.</span>
    <span class="Comment">// Each ingredient loads a vector of values rather than a single value; mu</span>
    <span class="Comment">// permits operating on reagents spanning multiple locations.</span>
    vector&lt;vector&lt;double&gt; &gt; ingredients<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>should_copy_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">())</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
      for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
        ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>read_memory<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">)));</span>
<span class="CommentedCode">//?         Locations_read[current_recipe_name()] += SIZE(ingredients.back());</span>
<span class="CommentedCode">//?         Locations_read_by_instruction[current_instruction().name] += SIZE(ingredients.back());</span>
      <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
    <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
    <span class="Comment">// Instructions below will write to 'products'.</span>
    vector&lt;vector&lt;double&gt; &gt; products<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
    switch <span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>operation<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
      <span class="Comment">// Primitive Recipe Implementations</span>
      case COPY: <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
        if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>products<span class="Delimiter">)</span> != SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
          raise &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;ingredients and products should match in '&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>to_string<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;'</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
          <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
        <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
        for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
          if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!is_mu_array<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">))</span> &amp;&amp; is_mu_array<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">)))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
            raise &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;can't copy &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">).</span>original_string &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; to array &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">).</span>original_string &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
            <span class="Identifier">goto</span> finish_instruction<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
          <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
          if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_mu_array<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">))</span> &amp;&amp; !is_mu_array<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">)))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
            raise &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;can't copy array &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">).</span>original_string &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; to &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">).</span>original_string &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
            <span class="Identifier">goto</span> finish_instruction<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
          <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
        <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
        copy<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">(),</span> ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">(),</span> inserter<span class="Delimiter">(</span>products<span class="Delimiter">,</span> products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">()));</span>
        <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
      <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
      <span class="Comment">// End Primitive Recipe Implementations</span>
      default: <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
        cout &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;not a primitive op: &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>operation &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
      <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
    <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
    finish_instruction:
    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>products<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>products<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
      raise &lt;&lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>products<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; vs &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>products<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;: failed to write to all products! &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>to_string<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
    <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
    else <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
      for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>products<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
        write_memory<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">),</span> products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
      <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
    <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
    <span class="Comment">// End of Instruction</span>
    ++current_step_index<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  stop_running_current_routine:<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

bool should_copy_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">()</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  <span class="Comment">// End should_copy_ingredients Special-cases</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">true</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Comment">//: Some helpers.</span>
<span class="Comment">//: We'll need to override these later as we change the definition of routine.</span>
<span class="Comment">//: Important that they return referrences into the routine.</span>

inline long long int&amp; current_step_index<span class="Delimiter">()</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>running_step_index<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

inline const string&amp; current_recipe_name<span class="Delimiter">()</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> Recipe[Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>running_recipe]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

inline const instruction&amp; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">()</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> Recipe[Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>running_recipe]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>steps<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>running_step_index<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

inline bool routine::completed<span class="Delimiter">()</span> const <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> running_step_index &gt;= SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe[running_recipe]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>steps<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="SalientComment">//:: Startup flow</span>

<span class="Comment">//: Step 1: load all .mu files with numeric prefixes (in order)</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Load Recipes&quot;)</span>
load_permanently<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">&quot;core.mu&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
transform_all<span class="Delimiter">();</span>

<span class="Comment">//: Step 2: load any .mu files provided at the commandline</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Commandline Parsing&quot;)</span>
if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>argc &gt; <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  <span class="Comment">// skip argv[0]</span>
  argv++<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  argc--<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Comment">// ignore argv past '--'; that's commandline args for 'main'</span>
  while <span class="Delimiter">(</span>argc &gt; <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>*argv<span class="Delimiter">)</span> == <span class="Constant">&quot;--&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
    load_permanently<span class="Delimiter">(</span>*argv<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
    argv++<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
    argc--<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  transform_all<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>Run_tests<span class="Delimiter">)</span> Recipe<span class="Delimiter">.</span>erase<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe_ordinal[string<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">&quot;main&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span>]<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Comment">//: Step 3: if we aren't running tests, locate a recipe called 'main' and</span>
<span class="Comment">//: start running it.</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Main&quot;)</span>
if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!Run_tests<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  setup<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
<span class="CommentedCode">//?   Trace_file = &quot;interactive&quot;;</span>
<span class="CommentedCode">//?   START_TRACING_UNTIL_END_OF_SCOPE;</span>
<span class="CommentedCode">//?   Trace_stream-&gt;collect_layers.insert(&quot;app&quot;);</span>
  run_main<span class="Delimiter">(</span>argc<span class="Delimiter">,</span> argv<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  teardown<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span>
void run_main<span class="Delimiter">(</span>int argc<span class="Delimiter">,</span> char* argv[]<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  recipe_ordinal r = Recipe_ordinal[string<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">&quot;main&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span>]<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">)</span> run<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span>
void dump_profile<span class="Delimiter">()</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>map&lt;string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> long long int&gt;::iterator p = Instructions_running<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">();</span> p != Instructions_running<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> ++p<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    cerr &lt;&lt; p<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>first &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;: &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; p<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>second &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  cerr &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;== locations read</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>map&lt;string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> long long int&gt;::iterator p = Locations_read<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">();</span> p != Locations_read<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> ++p<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    cerr &lt;&lt; p<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>first &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;: &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; p<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>second &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  cerr &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;== locations read by instruction</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>map&lt;string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> long long int&gt;::iterator p = Locations_read_by_instruction<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">();</span> p != Locations_read_by_instruction<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> ++p<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    cerr &lt;&lt; p<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>first &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;: &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; p<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>second &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End One-time Setup&quot;)</span>
<span class="CommentedCode">//? atexit(dump_profile);</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span>
void cleanup_main<span class="Delimiter">()</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!Trace_file<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &amp;&amp; Trace_stream<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    ofstream fout<span class="Delimiter">((</span>Trace_dir+Trace_file<span class="Delimiter">).</span>c_str<span class="Delimiter">());</span>
    fout &lt;&lt; Trace_stream<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>readable_contents<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
    fout<span class="Delimiter">.</span>close<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End One-time Setup&quot;)</span>
atexit<span class="Delimiter">(</span>cleanup_main<span class="Delimiter">);</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span>
void load_permanently<span class="Delimiter">(</span>string filename<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_directory<span class="Delimiter">(</span>filename<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    load_all_permanently<span class="Delimiter">(</span>filename<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
    <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  ifstream fin<span class="Delimiter">(</span>filename<span class="Delimiter">.</span>c_str<span class="Delimiter">());</span>
  fin<span class="Delimiter">.</span>peek<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!fin<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    raise &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;no such file &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; filename &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
    <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  fin &gt;&gt; std::noskipws<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  load<span class="Delimiter">(</span>fin<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  fin<span class="Delimiter">.</span>close<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
  <span class="Comment">// freeze everything so it doesn't get cleared by tests</span>
  recently_added_recipes<span class="Delimiter">.</span>clear<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
  <span class="Comment">// End load_permanently.</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

bool is_directory<span class="Delimiter">(</span>string path<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  struct stat info<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>stat<span class="Delimiter">(</span>path<span class="Delimiter">.</span>c_str<span class="Delimiter">(),</span> &amp;info<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>  <span class="Comment">// error</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> info<span class="Delimiter">.</span>st_mode &amp; S_IFDIR<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

void load_all_permanently<span class="Delimiter">(</span>string dir<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  dirent** files<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  int num_files = scandir<span class="Delimiter">(</span>dir<span class="Delimiter">.</span>c_str<span class="Delimiter">(),</span> &amp;files<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">NULL</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> alphasort<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; num_files<span class="Delimiter">;</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    string curr_file = files[i]<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>d_name<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!isdigit<span class="Delimiter">(</span>curr_file<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)))</span> <span class="Identifier">continue</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
    load_permanently<span class="Delimiter">(</span>dir+<span class="Constant">'/'</span>+curr_file<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
    free<span class="Delimiter">(</span>files[i]<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
    files[i] = <span class="Constant">NULL</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  free<span class="Delimiter">(</span>files<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Includes&quot;)</span>
<span class="PreProc">#include</span><span class="Constant">&lt;dirent.h&gt;</span>

<span class="SalientComment">//:: Reading from memory, writing to memory.</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span>
vector&lt;double&gt; read_memory<span class="Delimiter">(</span>reagent x<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  vector&lt;double&gt; result<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_literal<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    result<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
    <span class="Identifier">return</span> result<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  long long int base = x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  long long int size = size_of<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int offset = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> offset &lt; size<span class="Delimiter">;</span> ++offset<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    double val = Memory[base+offset]<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
    trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Primitive_recipe_depth<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;mem&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;location &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; base+offset &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; is &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; val &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
    result<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>val<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> result<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

void write_memory<span class="Delimiter">(</span>reagent x<span class="Delimiter">,</span> vector&lt;double&gt; data<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_dummy<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_literal<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  long long int base = x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>size_mismatch<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">,</span> data<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    raise &lt;&lt; current_recipe_name<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;: size mismatch in storing to &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>original_string &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; (&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; size_of<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; vs &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>data<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;) at '&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>to_string<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;'</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
    <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int offset = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> offset &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>data<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++offset<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Primitive_recipe_depth<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;mem&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;storing &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; data<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>offset<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; in location &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; base+offset &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
    Memory[base+offset] = data<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>offset<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span>
long long int size_of<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const reagent&amp; r<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">())</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Comment">// End size_of(reagent) Cases</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> size_of<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
long long int size_of<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const vector&lt;type_ordinal&gt;&amp; types<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">())</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Comment">// End size_of(types) Cases</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

bool size_mismatch<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const reagent&amp; x<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const vector&lt;double&gt;&amp; data<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">())</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">true</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Comment">// End size_mismatch(x) Cases</span>
<span class="CommentedCode">//?   if (size_of(x) != SIZE(data)) cerr &lt;&lt; size_of(x) &lt;&lt; &quot; vs &quot; &lt;&lt; SIZE(data) &lt;&lt; '\n';</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> size_of<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">)</span> != SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>data<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

bool is_dummy<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const reagent&amp; x<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name == <span class="Constant">&quot;_&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

bool is_literal<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const reagent&amp; r<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">)</span> == <span class="Constant">1</span> &amp;&amp; r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> == <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

bool is_mu_array<span class="Delimiter">(</span>reagent r<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> !r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &amp;&amp; r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> == Type_ordinal[<span class="Constant">&quot;array&quot;</span>]<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span>
<span class="Comment">// helper for tests</span>
void run<span class="Delimiter">(</span>string form<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  vector&lt;recipe_ordinal&gt; tmp = load<span class="Delimiter">(</span>form<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  transform_all<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>tmp<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">())</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  run<span class="Delimiter">(</span>tmp<span class="Delimiter">.</span>front<span class="Delimiter">());</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario run_label)</span>
recipe main [
  +foo
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">23</span>
  <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">1</span>:number
]
<span class="traceContains">+run: 1:number &lt;- copy 23</span>
<span class="traceContains">+run: 2:number &lt;- copy 1:number</span>
<span class="traceAbsent">-run: +foo</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario run_dummy)</span>
recipe main [
  _<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">0</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+run: _ &lt;- copy 0</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario write_to_0_disallowed)</span>
recipe main [
  <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>
]
<span class="traceAbsent">-mem: storing 34 in location 0</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario copy_checks_reagent_count)</span>
<span class="Special">% Hide_warnings = true;</span>
recipe main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">35</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+warn: ingredients and products should match in '1:number &lt;- copy 34, 35'</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario write_scalar_to_array_disallowed)</span>
<span class="Special">% Hide_warnings = true;</span>
recipe main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:array:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+warn: can't copy 34 to array 1:array:number</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario write_scalar_to_array_disallowed_2)</span>
<span class="Special">% Hide_warnings = true;</span>
recipe main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">2</span>:array:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">35</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+warn: can't copy 35 to array 2:array:number</span>

<span class="Comment">//: mu is robust to various combinations of commas and spaces. You just have</span>
<span class="Comment">//: to put spaces around the '&lt;-'.</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario comma_without_space)</span>
recipe main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">2</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span><span class="Constant">2</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 2 in location 1</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario space_without_comma)</span>
recipe main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">2</span> <span class="Constant">2</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 2 in location 1</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario comma_before_space)</span>
recipe main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">2</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">2</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 2 in location 1</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario comma_after_space)</span>
recipe main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">2</span> <span class="Delimiter">,</span><span class="Constant">2</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 2 in location 1</span>
</pre>
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<pre id='vimCodeElement'>
<span class="Comment">//: Phase 3: Start running a loaded and transformed recipe.</span>
<span class="Comment">//:</span>
<span class="Comment">//: So far we've seen recipes as lists of instructions, and instructions point</span>
<span class="Comment">//: at other recipes. To kick things off mu needs to know how to run certain</span>
<span class="Comment">//: 'primitive' recipes. That will then give the ability to run recipes</span>
<span class="Comment">//: containing these primitives.</span>
<span class="Comment">//:</span>
<span class="Comment">//: This layer defines a skeleton with just two primitive recipes: IDLE which</span>
<span class="Comment">//: does nothing, and COPY, which can copy numbers from one memory location to</span>
<span class="Comment">//: another. Later layers will add more primitives.</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario copy_literal)</span>
recipe main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">23</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+run: 1:number &lt;- copy 23</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 23 in location 1</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario copy)</span>
recipe main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">23</span>
  <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">1</span>:number
]
<span class="traceContains">+run: 2:number &lt;- copy 1:number</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: location 1 is 23</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 23 in location 2</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario copy_multiple)</span>
recipe main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">23</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">24</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 23 in location 1</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 24 in location 2</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Types&quot;)</span>
<span class="Comment">// Book-keeping while running a recipe.</span>
<span class="Comment">//: Later layers will change this.</span>
struct routine <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  recipe_ordinal running_recipe<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  long long int running_step_index<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  routine<span class="Delimiter">(</span>recipe_ordinal r<span class="Delimiter">)</span> :running_recipe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">),</span> running_step_index<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{}</span>
  bool completed<span class="Delimiter">()</span> const<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">};</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Globals&quot;)</span>
routine* Current_routine = <span class="Constant">NULL</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
map&lt;string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> long long int&gt; Instructions_running<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
map&lt;string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> long long int&gt; Locations_read<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
map&lt;string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> long long int&gt; Locations_read_by_instruction<span class="Delimiter">;</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span>
void run<span class="Delimiter">(</span>recipe_ordinal r<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  routine rr<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  Current_routine = &amp;rr<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  run_current_routine<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

void run_current_routine<span class="Delimiter">()</span>
<span class="Delimiter">{</span>  <span class="Comment">// curly on a separate line, because later layers will modify header</span>
  while <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>completed<span class="Delimiter">())</span>  <span class="Comment">// later layers will modify condition</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    <span class="Comment">// Running One Instruction</span>
<span class="CommentedCode">//?     Instructions_running[current_recipe_name()]++;</span>
    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>is_label<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> ++current_step_index<span class="Delimiter">();</span> <span class="Identifier">continue</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
    trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Initial_callstack_depth+Callstack_depth<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;run&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>to_string<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>Memory[<span class="Constant">0</span>] != <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
      raise &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;something wrote to location 0; this should never happen</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
      Memory[<span class="Constant">0</span>] = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
    <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
    <span class="Comment">// Read all ingredients from memory.</span>
    <span class="Comment">// Each ingredient loads a vector of values rather than a single value; mu</span>
    <span class="Comment">// permits operating on reagents spanning multiple locations.</span>
    vector&lt;vector&lt;double&gt; &gt; ingredients<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>should_copy_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">())</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
      for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
        ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>read_memory<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">)));</span>
<span class="CommentedCode">//?         Locations_read[current_recipe_name()] += SIZE(ingredients.back());</span>
<span class="CommentedCode">//?         Locations_read_by_instruction[current_instruction().name] += SIZE(ingredients.back());</span>
      <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
    <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
    <span class="Comment">// Instructions below will write to 'products'.</span>
    vector&lt;vector&lt;double&gt; &gt; products<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
    switch <span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>operation<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
      <span class="Comment">// Primitive Recipe Implementations</span>
      case COPY: <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
        if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>products<span class="Delimiter">)</span> != SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
          raise &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;ingredients and products should match in '&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>to_string<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;'</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
          <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
        <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
        for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
          if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!is_mu_array<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">))</span> &amp;&amp; is_mu_array<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">)))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
            raise &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;can't copy &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">).</span>original_string &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; to array &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">).</span>original_string &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
            <span class="Identifier">goto</span> finish_instruction<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
          <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
          if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_mu_array<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">))</span> &amp;&amp; !is_mu_array<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">)))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
            raise &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;can't copy array &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">).</span>original_string &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; to &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">).</span>original_string &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
            <span class="Identifier">goto</span> finish_instruction<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
          <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
        <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
        copy<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">(),</span> ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">(),</span> inserter<span class="Delimiter">(</span>products<span class="Delimiter">,</span> products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">()));</span>
        <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
      <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
      <span class="Comment">// End Primitive Recipe Implementations</span>
      default: <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
        cout &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;not a primitive op: &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>operation &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
      <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
    <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
    finish_instruction:
    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>products<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>products<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
      raise &lt;&lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>products<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; vs &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>products<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;: failed to write to all products! &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>to_string<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
    <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
    else <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
      for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>products<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
        write_memory<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">),</span> products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
      <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
    <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
    <span class="Comment">// End of Instruction</span>
    ++current_step_index<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  stop_running_current_routine:<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

bool should_copy_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">()</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  <span class="Comment">// End should_copy_ingredients Special-cases</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">true</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Comment">//: Some helpers.</span>
<span class="Comment">//: We'll need to override these later as we change the definition of routine.</span>
<span class="Comment">//: Important that they return referrences into the routine.</span>

inline long long int&amp; current_step_index<span class="Delimiter">()</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>running_step_index<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

inline const string&amp; current_recipe_name<span class="Delimiter">()</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> Recipe[Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>running_recipe]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

inline const instruction&amp; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">()</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> Recipe[Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>running_recipe]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>steps<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>running_step_index<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

inline bool routine::completed<span class="Delimiter">()</span> const <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> running_step_index &gt;= SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe[running_recipe]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>steps<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="SalientComment">//:: Startup flow</span>

<span class="Comment">//: Step 1: load all .mu files with numeric prefixes (in order)</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Load Recipes&quot;)</span>
load_permanently<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">&quot;core.mu&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
transform_all<span class="Delimiter">();</span>

<span class="Comment">//: Step 2: load any .mu files provided at the commandline</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Commandline Parsing&quot;)</span>
if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>argc &gt; <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  <span class="Comment">// skip argv[0]</span>
  argv++<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  argc--<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Comment">// ignore argv past '--'; that's commandline args for 'main'</span>
  while <span class="Delimiter">(</span>argc &gt; <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>*argv<span class="Delimiter">)</span> == <span class="Constant">&quot;--&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
    load_permanently<span class="Delimiter">(</span>*argv<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
    argv++<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
    argc--<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  transform_all<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>Run_tests<span class="Delimiter">)</span> Recipe<span class="Delimiter">.</span>erase<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe_ordinal[string<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">&quot;main&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span>]<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Comment">//: Step 3: if we aren't running tests, locate a recipe called 'main' and</span>
<span class="Comment">//: start running it.</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Main&quot;)</span>
if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!Run_tests<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  setup<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
<span class="CommentedCode">//?   Trace_file = &quot;interactive&quot;;</span>
<span class="CommentedCode">//?   START_TRACING_UNTIL_END_OF_SCOPE;</span>
<span class="CommentedCode">//?   Trace_stream-&gt;collect_layers.insert(&quot;app&quot;);</span>
  run_main<span class="Delimiter">(</span>argc<span class="Delimiter">,</span> argv<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  teardown<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span>
void run_main<span class="Delimiter">(</span>int argc<span class="Delimiter">,</span> char* argv[]<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  recipe_ordinal r = Recipe_ordinal[string<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">&quot;main&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span>]<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">)</span> run<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span>
void dump_profile<span class="Delimiter">()</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>map&lt;string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> long long int&gt;::iterator p = Instructions_running<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">();</span> p != Instructions_running<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> ++p<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    cerr &lt;&lt; p<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>first &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;: &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; p<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>second &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  cerr &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;== locations read</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>map&lt;string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> long long int&gt;::iterator p = Locations_read<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">();</span> p != Locations_read<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> ++p<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    cerr &lt;&lt; p<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>first &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;: &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; p<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>second &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  cerr &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;== locations read by instruction</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>map&lt;string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> long long int&gt;::iterator p = Locations_read_by_instruction<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">();</span> p != Locations_read_by_instruction<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> ++p<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    cerr &lt;&lt; p<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>first &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;: &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; p<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>second &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End One-time Setup&quot;)</span>
<span class="CommentedCode">//? atexit(dump_profile);</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span>
void cleanup_main<span class="Delimiter">()</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!Trace_file<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &amp;&amp; Trace_stream<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    ofstream fout<span class="Delimiter">((</span>Trace_dir+Trace_file<span class="Delimiter">).</span>c_str<span class="Delimiter">());</span>
    fout &lt;&lt; Trace_stream<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>readable_contents<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
    fout<span class="Delimiter">.</span>close<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End One-time Setup&quot;)</span>
atexit<span class="Delimiter">(</span>cleanup_main<span class="Delimiter">);</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span>
void load_permanently<span class="Delimiter">(</span>string filename<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_directory<span class="Delimiter">(</span>filename<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    load_all_permanently<span class="Delimiter">(</span>filename<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
    <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  ifstream fin<span class="Delimiter">(</span>filename<span class="Delimiter">.</span>c_str<span class="Delimiter">());</span>
  fin<span class="Delimiter">.</span>peek<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!fin<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    raise &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;no such file &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; filename &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
    <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  fin &gt;&gt; std::noskipws<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  load<span class="Delimiter">(</span>fin<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  fin<span class="Delimiter">.</span>close<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
  <span class="Comment">// freeze everything so it doesn't get cleared by tests</span>
  recently_added_recipes<span class="Delimiter">.</span>clear<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
  <span class="Comment">// End load_permanently.</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

bool is_directory<span class="Delimiter">(</span>string path<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  struct stat info<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>stat<span class="Delimiter">(</span>path<span class="Delimiter">.</span>c_str<span class="Delimiter">(),</span> &amp;info<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>  <span class="Comment">// error</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> info<span class="Delimiter">.</span>st_mode &amp; S_IFDIR<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

void load_all_permanently<span class="Delimiter">(</span>string dir<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  dirent** files<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  int num_files = scandir<span class="Delimiter">(</span>dir<span class="Delimiter">.</span>c_str<span class="Delimiter">(),</span> &amp;files<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">NULL</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> alphasort<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; num_files<span class="Delimiter">;</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    string curr_file = files[i]<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>d_name<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!isdigit<span class="Delimiter">(</span>curr_file<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)))</span> <span class="Identifier">continue</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
    load_permanently<span class="Delimiter">(</span>dir+<span class="Constant">'/'</span>+curr_file<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
    free<span class="Delimiter">(</span>files[i]<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
    files[i] = <span class="Constant">NULL</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  free<span class="Delimiter">(</span>files<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Includes&quot;)</span>
<span class="PreProc">#include</span><span class="Constant">&lt;dirent.h&gt;</span>

<span class="SalientComment">//:: Reading from memory, writing to memory.</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span>
vector&lt;double&gt; read_memory<span class="Delimiter">(</span>reagent x<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  vector&lt;double&gt; result<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_literal<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    result<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
    <span class="Identifier">return</span> result<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  long long int base = x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  long long int size = size_of<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int offset = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> offset &lt; size<span class="Delimiter">;</span> ++offset<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    double val = Memory[base+offset]<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
    trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Primitive_recipe_depth<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;mem&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;location &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; base+offset &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; is &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; val &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
    result<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>val<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> result<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

void write_memory<span class="Delimiter">(</span>reagent x<span class="Delimiter">,</span> vector&lt;double&gt; data<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_dummy<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_literal<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  long long int base = x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>size_mismatch<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">,</span> data<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    raise &lt;&lt; current_recipe_name<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;: size mismatch in storing to &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>original_string &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; (&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; size_of<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; vs &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>data<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;) at '&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>to_string<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;'</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
    <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int offset = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> offset &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>data<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++offset<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Primitive_recipe_depth<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;mem&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;storing &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; data<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>offset<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; in location &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; base+offset &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
    Memory[base+offset] = data<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>offset<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span>
long long int size_of<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const reagent&amp; r<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">())</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Comment">// End size_of(reagent) Cases</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> size_of<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
long long int size_of<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const vector&lt;type_ordinal&gt;&amp; types<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">())</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Comment">// End size_of(types) Cases</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

bool size_mismatch<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const reagent&amp; x<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const vector&lt;double&gt;&amp; data<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">())</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">true</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Comment">// End size_mismatch(x) Cases</span>
<span class="CommentedCode">//?   if (size_of(x) != SIZE(data)) cerr &lt;&lt; size_of(x) &lt;&lt; &quot; vs &quot; &lt;&lt; SIZE(data) &lt;&lt; '\n';</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> size_of<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">)</span> != SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>data<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

bool is_dummy<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const reagent&amp; x<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name == <span class="Constant">&quot;_&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

bool is_literal<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const reagent&amp; r<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">)</span> == <span class="Constant">1</span> &amp;&amp; r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> == <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

bool is_mu_array<span class="Delimiter">(</span>reagent r<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> !r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &amp;&amp; r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> == Type_ordinal[<span class="Constant">&quot;array&quot;</span>]<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span>
<span class="Comment">// helper for tests</span>
void run<span class="Delimiter">(</span>string form<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  vector&lt;recipe_ordinal&gt; tmp = load<span class="Delimiter">(</span>form<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  transform_all<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>tmp<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">())</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  run<span class="Delimiter">(</span>tmp<span class="Delimiter">.</span>front<span class="Delimiter">());</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario run_label)</span>
recipe main [
  +foo
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">23</span>
  <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">1</span>:number
]
<span class="traceContains">+run: 1:number &lt;- copy 23</span>
<span class="traceContains">+run: 2:number &lt;- copy 1:number</span>
<span class="traceAbsent">-run: +foo</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario run_dummy)</span>
recipe main [
  _<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">0</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+run: _ &lt;- copy 0</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario write_to_0_disallowed)</span>
recipe main [
  <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>
]
<span class="traceAbsent">-mem: storing 34 in location 0</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario copy_checks_reagent_count)</span>
<span class="Special">% Hide_warnings = true;</span>
recipe main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">35</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+warn: ingredients and products should match in '1:number &lt;- copy 34, 35'</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario write_scalar_to_array_disallowed)</span>
<span class="Special">% Hide_warnings = true;</span>
recipe main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:array:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+warn: can't copy 34 to array 1:array:number</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario write_scalar_to_array_disallowed_2)</span>
<span class="Special">% Hide_warnings = true;</span>
recipe main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">2</span>:array:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">35</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+warn: can't copy 35 to array 2:array:number</span>

<span class="Comment">//: mu is robust to various combinations of commas and spaces. You just have</span>
<span class="Comment">//: to put spaces around the '&lt;-'.</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario comma_without_space)</span>
recipe main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">2</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span><span class="Constant">2</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 2 in location 1</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario space_without_comma)</span>
recipe main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">2</span> <span class="Constant">2</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 2 in location 1</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario comma_before_space)</span>
recipe main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">2</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">2</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 2 in location 1</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario comma_after_space)</span>
recipe main [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">2</span> <span class="Delimiter">,</span><span class="Constant">2</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 2 in location 1</span>
</pre>
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