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<pre id='vimCodeElement'>
<span class="Comment">//: Calls can also generate products, using 'reply' or 'return'.</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario return)</span>
<span class="muRecipe">def</span> main [
<span class="Constant">1</span>:num<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">2</span>:num<span class="Special"> <- </span>f <span class="Constant">34</span>
]
<span class="muRecipe">def</span> f [
<span class="Constant">12</span>:num<span class="Special"> <- </span>next-ingredient
<span class="Constant">13</span>:num<span class="Special"> <- </span>add <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">12</span>:num
reply <span class="Constant">12</span>:num<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">13</span>:num
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 34 in location 1</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 35 in location 2</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Primitive Recipe Declarations")</span>
RETURN<span class="Delimiter">,</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Primitive Recipe Numbers")</span>
put<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">"return"</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> RETURN<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
put<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">"reply"</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> RETURN<span class="Delimiter">);</span> <span class="Comment">// synonym while teaching</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Primitive Recipe Checks")</span>
<span class="Normal">case</span> RETURN: <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
<span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span class="Comment">// checks will be performed by a transform below</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")</span>
<span class="Normal">case</span> RETURN: <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
<span class="Comment">// Starting Reply</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>Trace_stream<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9999</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">"trace"</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">"reply: decrementing callstack depth from "</span> << Trace_stream<span class="Delimiter">-></span>callstack_depth << end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
--Trace_stream<span class="Delimiter">-></span>callstack_depth<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>Trace_stream<span class="Delimiter">-></span>callstack_depth < <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-></span>calls<span class="Delimiter">.</span>clear<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
<span class="Identifier">goto</span> stop_running_current_routine<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-></span>calls<span class="Delimiter">.</span>pop_front<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
<span class="Comment">// just in case 'main' returns a value, drop it for now</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-></span>calls<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">())</span> <span class="Identifier">goto</span> stop_running_current_routine<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Normal">for</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">int</span> i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i < SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9998</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">"run"</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">"result "</span> << i << <span class="Constant">" is "</span> << to_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">))</span> << end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
<span class="Comment">// make reply products available to caller</span>
copy<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">(),</span> ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">(),</span> inserter<span class="Delimiter">(</span>products<span class="Delimiter">,</span> products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">()));</span>
<span class="Comment">// End Reply</span>
<span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span class="Comment">// continue to process rest of *caller* instruction</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Comment">//: Types in reply instructions are checked ahead of time.</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Checks")</span>
Transform<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>check_types_of_reply_instructions<span class="Delimiter">);</span> <span class="Comment">// idempotent</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span>
<span class="Normal">void</span> check_types_of_reply_instructions<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">const</span> recipe_ordinal r<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
<span class="Normal">const</span> recipe& caller = get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> r<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9991</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">"transform"</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">"--- check types of reply instructions in recipe "</span> << caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name << end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
<span class="Normal">for</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">int</span> i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i < SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>steps<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
<span class="Normal">const</span> instruction& caller_instruction = caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>steps<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller_instruction<span class="Delimiter">.</span>is_label<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Identifier">continue</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller_instruction<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">())</span> <span class="Identifier">continue</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller_instruction<span class="Delimiter">.</span>operation < MAX_PRIMITIVE_RECIPES<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Identifier">continue</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Normal">const</span> recipe& callee = get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> caller_instruction<span class="Delimiter">.</span>operation<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Normal">for</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">int</span> i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i < SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>steps<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
<span class="Normal">const</span> instruction& reply_inst = callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>steps<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>reply_inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>operation != RETURN<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Identifier">continue</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Comment">// check types with the caller</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller_instruction<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">)</span> > SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>reply_inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
raise << maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">"too few values returned from "</span> << callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name << <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> << end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
<span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Normal">for</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">int</span> i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i < SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller_instruction<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
reagent<span class="Comment">/*</span><span class="Comment">copy</span><span class="Comment">*/</span> lhs = reply_inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
reagent<span class="Comment">/*</span><span class="Comment">copy</span><span class="Comment">*/</span> rhs = caller_instruction<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Comment">// End Check RETURN Copy(lhs, rhs)</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!types_coercible<span class="Delimiter">(</span>rhs<span class="Delimiter">,</span> lhs<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
raise << maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> << reply_inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name << <span class="Constant">" ingredient '"</span> << lhs<span class="Delimiter">.</span>original_string << <span class="Constant">"' can't be saved in '"</span> << rhs<span class="Delimiter">.</span>original_string << <span class="Constant">"'</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">"</span> << end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
raise << <span class="Constant">" ['"</span> << to_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>lhs<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">"' vs '"</span> << to_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>rhs<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">"']</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">"</span> << end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
<span class="Identifier">goto</span> finish_reply_check<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Comment">// check that any reply ingredients with /same-as-ingredient connect up</span>
<span class="Comment">// the corresponding ingredient and product in the caller.</span>
<span class="Normal">for</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">int</span> i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i < SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller_instruction<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>has_property<span class="Delimiter">(</span>reply_inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">),</span> <span class="Constant">"same-as-ingredient"</span><span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
string_tree* tmp = property<span class="Delimiter">(</span>reply_inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">),</span> <span class="Constant">"same-as-ingredient"</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!tmp || !tmp<span class="Delimiter">-></span>atom<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
raise << maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">"'same-as-ingredient' metadata should take exactly one value in '"</span> << to_original_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>reply_inst<span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">"'</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">"</span> << end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
<span class="Identifier">goto</span> finish_reply_check<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Normal">int</span> ingredient_index = to_integer<span class="Delimiter">(</span>tmp<span class="Delimiter">-></span>value<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredient_index >= SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller_instruction<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
raise << maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">"too few ingredients in '"</span> << to_original_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller_instruction<span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">"'</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">"</span> << end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
<span class="Identifier">goto</span> finish_reply_check<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!is_dummy<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller_instruction<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">))</span> && !is_literal<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller_instruction<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredient_index<span class="Delimiter">))</span> && caller_instruction<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">).</span>name != caller_instruction<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredient_index<span class="Delimiter">).</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
raise << maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">"'"</span> << to_original_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller_instruction<span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">"' should write to '"</span> << caller_instruction<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredient_index<span class="Delimiter">).</span>original_string << <span class="Constant">"' rather than '"</span> << caller_instruction<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">).</span>original_string << <span class="Constant">"'</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">"</span> << end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Normal">finish_reply_check</span>:<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario return_type_mismatch)</span>
<span class="Special">% Hide_errors = true;</span>
<span class="muRecipe">def</span> main [
<span class="Constant">3</span>:num<span class="Special"> <- </span>f <span class="Constant">2</span>
]
<span class="muRecipe">def</span> f [
<span class="Constant">12</span>:num<span class="Special"> <- </span>next-ingredient
<span class="Constant">13</span>:num<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">35</span>
<span class="Constant">14</span>:point<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">12</span>:point/<span class="Special">raw</span>
<span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">14</span>:point
]
<span class="traceContains">+error: f: return ingredient '14:point' can't be saved in '3:num'</span>
<span class="Comment">//: In Mu we'd like to assume that any instruction doesn't modify its</span>
<span class="Comment">//: ingredients unless they're also products. The /same-as-ingredient inside</span>
<span class="Comment">//: the recipe's 'reply' indicates that an ingredient is intended to be</span>
<span class="Comment">//: modified in place, and will help catch accidental misuse of such</span>
<span class="Comment">//: 'ingredient-products' (sometimes called in-out parameters in other</span>
<span class="Comment">//: languages).</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario return_same_as_ingredient)</span>
<span class="Special">% Hide_errors = true;</span>
<span class="muRecipe">def</span> main [
<span class="Constant">1</span>:num<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">0</span>
<span class="Constant">2</span>:num<span class="Special"> <- </span>test1 <span class="Constant">1</span>:num <span class="Comment"># call with different ingredient and product</span>
]
<span class="muRecipe">def</span> test1 [
<span class="Constant">10</span>:num<span class="Special"> <- </span>next-ingredient
<span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">10</span>:num/same-as-ingredient:<span class="Constant">0</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+error: main: '2:num <- test1 1:num' should write to '1:num' rather than '2:num'</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario return_same_as_ingredient_dummy)</span>
<span class="muRecipe">def</span> main [
<span class="Constant">1</span>:num<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">0</span>
_<span class="Special"> <- </span>test1 <span class="Constant">1</span>:num <span class="Comment"># call with different ingredient and product</span>
]
<span class="muRecipe">def</span> test1 [
<span class="Constant">10</span>:num<span class="Special"> <- </span>next-ingredient
<span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">10</span>:num/same-as-ingredient:<span class="Constant">0</span>
]
$error: <span class="Constant">0</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span>
string to_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">const</span> vector<<span class="Normal">double</span>>& in<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>in<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">())</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">"[]"</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
ostringstream out<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>in<span class="Delimiter">)</span> == <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
out << no_scientific<span class="Delimiter">(</span>in<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">));</span>
<span class="Identifier">return</span> out<span class="Delimiter">.</span>str<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
out << <span class="Constant">"["</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Normal">for</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">int</span> i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i < SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>in<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>i > <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> out << <span class="Constant">", "</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
out << no_scientific<span class="Delimiter">(</span>in<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
out << <span class="Constant">"]"</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Identifier">return</span> out<span class="Delimiter">.</span>str<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
</pre>
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