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<pre id='vimCodeElement'>
<span class="Comment">//: Run a second routine concurrently using 'start-running', without any</span>
<span class="Comment">//: guarantees on how the operations in each are interleaved with each other.</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario scheduler)</span>
recipe f1 [
  start-running f2:recipe
  <span class="Comment"># wait for f2 to run</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    jump-unless <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> -<span class="Constant">1</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
]
recipe f2 [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">1</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+schedule: f1</span>
<span class="traceContains">+schedule: f2</span>

<span class="Comment">//: first, add a deadline to run(routine)</span>
<span class="Comment">//: these changes are ugly and brittle; just close your nose and get through the next few lines</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(replace &quot;void run_current_routine()&quot;)</span>
void run_current_routine<span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int time_slice<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(replace &quot;while (!Current_routine-&gt;completed())&quot; following &quot;void run_current_routine(long long int time_slice)&quot;)</span>
long long int ninstrs = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
while <span class="Delimiter">(</span>Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>state == RUNNING &amp;&amp; ninstrs &lt; time_slice<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(after &quot;Running One Instruction&quot;)</span>
ninstrs++<span class="Delimiter">;</span>

<span class="Comment">//: now the rest of the scheduler is clean</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;struct routine&quot;)</span>
enum routine_state <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  RUNNING<span class="Delimiter">,</span>
  COMPLETED<span class="Delimiter">,</span>
  <span class="Comment">// End routine States</span>
<span class="Delimiter">};</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End routine Fields&quot;)</span>
enum routine_state state<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End routine Constructor&quot;)</span>
state = RUNNING<span class="Delimiter">;</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Globals&quot;)</span>
vector&lt;routine*&gt; Routines<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
long long int Current_routine_index = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
long long int Scheduling_interval = <span class="Constant">500</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Setup&quot;)</span>
Scheduling_interval = <span class="Constant">500</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
Routines<span class="Delimiter">.</span>clear<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(replace{} &quot;void run(recipe_ordinal r)&quot;)</span>
void run<span class="Delimiter">(</span>recipe_ordinal r<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  run<span class="Delimiter">(</span>new routine<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span>
void run<span class="Delimiter">(</span>routine* rr<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  Routines<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>rr<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  Current_routine_index = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> Current_routine = Routines<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  while <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!all_routines_done<span class="Delimiter">())</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    skip_to_next_routine<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
    assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
    assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>state == RUNNING<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
    trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">&quot;schedule&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; current_routine_label<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
    run_current_routine<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Scheduling_interval<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
    <span class="Comment">// Scheduler State Transitions</span>
    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>completed<span class="Delimiter">())</span>
      Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>state = COMPLETED<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
    <span class="Comment">// End Scheduler State Transitions</span>

    <span class="Comment">// Scheduler Cleanup</span>
    <span class="Comment">// End Scheduler Cleanup</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

bool all_routines_done<span class="Delimiter">()</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Routines<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>Routines<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">)-&gt;</span>state == RUNNING<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
      <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
    <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">true</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Comment">// skip Current_routine_index past non-RUNNING routines</span>
void skip_to_next_routine<span class="Delimiter">()</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>!Routines<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">());</span>
  assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Current_routine_index &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Routines<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Delimiter">(</span>Current_routine_index+<span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span>%SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Routines<span class="Delimiter">);</span>  i != Current_routine_index<span class="Delimiter">;</span>  i = <span class="Delimiter">(</span>i+<span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span>%SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Routines<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>Routines<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">)-&gt;</span>state == RUNNING<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
      Current_routine_index = i<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
      Current_routine = Routines<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
      <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
    <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

string current_routine_label<span class="Delimiter">()</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  ostringstream result<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  call_stack calls = Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>calls<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>call_stack::iterator p = calls<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">();</span> p != calls<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> ++p<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>p != calls<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">())</span> result &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">'/'</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
    result &lt;&lt; Recipe[p<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>running_recipe]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> result<span class="Delimiter">.</span>str<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Teardown&quot;)</span>
for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Routines<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
  delete Routines<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
Routines<span class="Delimiter">.</span>clear<span class="Delimiter">();</span>

<span class="Comment">//: special case for the very first routine</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(replace{} &quot;void run_main(int argc, char* argv[])&quot;)</span>
void run_main<span class="Delimiter">(</span>int argc<span class="Delimiter">,</span> char* argv[]<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  recipe_ordinal r = Recipe_ordinal[string<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">&quot;main&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span>]<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    <span class="Comment">// pass in commandline args as ingredients to main</span>
    <span class="Comment">// todo: test this</span>
    routine* rr = new routine<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
    Current_routine = rr<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
    for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; argc<span class="Delimiter">;</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
      vector&lt;double&gt; arg<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
      arg<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>new_mu_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>argv[i]<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
      Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>calls<span class="Delimiter">.</span>front<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredient_atoms<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>arg<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
    <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
    run<span class="Delimiter">(</span>rr<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="SalientComment">//:: To schedule new routines to run, call 'start-running'.</span>

<span class="Comment">//: 'start-running' will return a unique id for the routine that was created.</span>
<span class="Comment">//: routine id is a number, but don't do any arithmetic on it</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End routine Fields&quot;)</span>
long long int id<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Globals&quot;)</span>
long long int Next_routine_id = <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Setup&quot;)</span>
Next_routine_id = <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End routine Constructor&quot;)</span>
id = Next_routine_id<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
Next_routine_id++<span class="Delimiter">;</span>

<span class="Comment">//: routines save the routine that spawned them</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End routine Fields&quot;)</span>
<span class="Comment">// todo: really should be routine_id, but that's less efficient.</span>
long long int parent_index<span class="Delimiter">;</span>  <span class="Comment">// only &lt; 0 if there's no parent_index</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End routine Constructor&quot;)</span>
parent_index = -<span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Declarations&quot;)</span>
START_RUNNING<span class="Delimiter">,</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Numbers&quot;)</span>
Recipe_ordinal[<span class="Constant">&quot;start-running&quot;</span>] = START_RUNNING<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Implementations&quot;)</span>
case START_RUNNING: <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">())</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    raise &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;'start-running' requires at least one ingredient: the recipe to start running</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
    <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!scalar<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    raise &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;first ingredient of 'start-running' should be a recipe, but got &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>original_string &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
    <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    raise &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;'start-running' received non-existent recipe: '&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>to_string<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;'</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
    <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  routine* new_routine = new routine<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">));</span>
  new_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>parent_index = Current_routine_index<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Comment">// populate ingredients</span>
  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
    new_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>calls<span class="Delimiter">.</span>front<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredient_atoms<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
  Routines<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>new_routine<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>resize<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>new_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>id<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario scheduler_runs_single_routine)</span>
<span class="Special">% Scheduling_interval = 1;</span>
recipe f1 [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">0</span>
  <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">0</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+schedule: f1</span>
<span class="traceContains">+run: 1:number &lt;- copy 0</span>
<span class="traceContains">+schedule: f1</span>
<span class="traceContains">+run: 2:number &lt;- copy 0</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario scheduler_interleaves_routines)</span>
<span class="Special">% Scheduling_interval = 1;</span>
recipe f1 [
  start-running f2:recipe
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">0</span>
  <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">0</span>
]
recipe f2 [
  <span class="Constant">3</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">0</span>
  <span class="Constant">4</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">0</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+schedule: f1</span>
<span class="traceContains">+run: start-running f2:recipe</span>
<span class="traceContains">+schedule: f2</span>
<span class="traceContains">+run: 3:number &lt;- copy 0</span>
<span class="traceContains">+schedule: f1</span>
<span class="traceContains">+run: 1:number &lt;- copy 0</span>
<span class="traceContains">+schedule: f2</span>
<span class="traceContains">+run: 4:number &lt;- copy 0</span>
<span class="traceContains">+schedule: f1</span>
<span class="traceContains">+run: 2:number &lt;- copy 0</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario start_running_takes_args)</span>
recipe f1 [
  start-running f2:recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">3</span>
  <span class="Comment"># wait for f2 to run</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    jump-unless <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> -<span class="Constant">1</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
]
recipe f2 [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next-ingredient
  <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>add <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">1</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 4 in location 2</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario start_running_returns_routine_id)</span>
recipe f1 [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>start-running f2:recipe
]
recipe f2 [
  <span class="Constant">12</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">44</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 2 in location 1</span>

<span class="Comment">//: this scenario will require some careful setup in escaped C++</span>
<span class="Comment">//: (straining our tangle capabilities to near-breaking point)</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario scheduler_skips_completed_routines)</span>
<span class="Special">% recipe_ordinal f1 = load(&quot;recipe f1 [\n1:number &lt;- copy 0\n]\n&quot;).front();</span>
<span class="Special">% recipe_ordinal f2 = load(&quot;recipe f2 [\n2:number &lt;- copy 0\n]\n&quot;).front();</span>
<span class="Special">% Routines.push_back(new routine(f1));  // f1 meant to run</span>
<span class="Special">% Routines.push_back(new routine(f2));</span>
<span class="Special">% Routines.back()-&gt;state = COMPLETED;  // f2 not meant to run</span>
<span class="Comment"># must have at least one routine without escaping</span>
recipe f3 [
  <span class="Constant">3</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">0</span>
]
<span class="Comment"># by interleaving '+' lines with '-' lines, we allow f1 and f3 to run in any order</span>
<span class="traceContains">+schedule: f1</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 0 in location 1</span>
<span class="traceAbsent">-schedule: f2</span>
<span class="traceAbsent">-mem: storing 0 in location 2</span>
<span class="traceContains">+schedule: f3</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 0 in location 3</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario scheduler_starts_at_middle_of_routines)</span>
<span class="Special">% Routines.push_back(new routine(COPY));</span>
<span class="Special">% Routines.back()-&gt;state = COMPLETED;</span>
recipe f1 [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">0</span>
  <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">0</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+schedule: f1</span>
<span class="traceAbsent">-run: idle</span>

<span class="SalientComment">//:: Routines are marked completed when their parent completes.</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario scheduler_kills_orphans)</span>
recipe main [
  start-running f1:recipe
  <span class="Comment"># f1 never actually runs because its parent completes without waiting for it</span>
]
recipe f1 [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">0</span>
]
<span class="traceAbsent">-schedule: f1</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Scheduler Cleanup&quot;)</span>
for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Routines<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>Routines<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">)-&gt;</span>state == COMPLETED<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Identifier">continue</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>Routines<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">)-&gt;</span>parent_index &lt; <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Identifier">continue</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>  <span class="Comment">// root thread</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>has_completed_parent<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    Routines<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">)-&gt;</span>state = COMPLETED<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span>
bool has_completed_parent<span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int routine_index<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int j = routine_index<span class="Delimiter">;</span> j &gt;= <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> j = Routines<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>j<span class="Delimiter">)-&gt;</span>parent_index<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>Routines<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>j<span class="Delimiter">)-&gt;</span>state == COMPLETED<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
      <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">true</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="SalientComment">//:: 'routine-state' can tell if a given routine id is running</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario routine_state_test)</span>
<span class="Special">% Scheduling_interval = 2;</span>
recipe f1 [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number/child-id<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>start-running f2:recipe
  <span class="Constant">12</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">0</span>  <span class="Comment"># race condition since we don't care about location 12</span>
  <span class="Comment"># thanks to Scheduling_interval, f2's one instruction runs in between here and completes</span>
  <span class="Constant">2</span>:number/state<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>routine-state <span class="Constant">1</span>:number/child-id
]
recipe f2 [
  <span class="Constant">12</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">0</span>
  <span class="Comment"># trying to run a second instruction marks routine as completed</span>
]
<span class="Comment"># recipe f2 should be in state COMPLETED</span>
<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 1 in location 2</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Declarations&quot;)</span>
ROUTINE_STATE<span class="Delimiter">,</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Numbers&quot;)</span>
Recipe_ordinal[<span class="Constant">&quot;routine-state&quot;</span>] = ROUTINE_STATE<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Implementations&quot;)</span>
case ROUTINE_STATE: <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">)</span> != <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    raise &lt;&lt; current_recipe_name<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;: 'routine-state' requires exactly one ingredient, but got &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>to_string<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
    <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!scalar<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    raise &lt;&lt; current_recipe_name<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;: first ingredient of 'routine-state' should be a routine id generated by 'start-running', but got &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>original_string &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
    <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  long long int id = ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  long long int result = -<span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Routines<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>Routines<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">)-&gt;</span>id == id<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
      result = Routines<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">)-&gt;</span>state<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
      <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
    <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>resize<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>result<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="SalientComment">//:: miscellaneous helpers</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Declarations&quot;)</span>
RESTART<span class="Delimiter">,</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Numbers&quot;)</span>
Recipe_ordinal[<span class="Constant">&quot;restart&quot;</span>] = RESTART<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Implementations&quot;)</span>
case RESTART: <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">)</span> != <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    raise &lt;&lt; current_recipe_name<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;: 'restart' requires exactly one ingredient, but got &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>to_string<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
    <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!scalar<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    raise &lt;&lt; current_recipe_name<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;: first ingredient of 'restart' should be a routine id generated by 'start-running', but got &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>original_string &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
    <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  long long int id = ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Routines<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>Routines<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">)-&gt;</span>id == id<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
      Routines<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">)-&gt;</span>state = RUNNING<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
      <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
    <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Declarations&quot;)</span>
STOP<span class="Delimiter">,</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Numbers&quot;)</span>
Recipe_ordinal[<span class="Constant">&quot;stop&quot;</span>] = STOP<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Implementations&quot;)</span>
case STOP: <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">)</span> != <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    raise &lt;&lt; current_recipe_name<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;: 'stop' requires exactly one ingredient, but got &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>to_string<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
    <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!scalar<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    raise &lt;&lt; current_recipe_name<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;: first ingredient of 'stop' should be a routine id generated by 'start-running', but got &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>original_string &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
    <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  long long int id = ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Routines<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>Routines<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">)-&gt;</span>id == id<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
      Routines<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">)-&gt;</span>state = COMPLETED<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
      <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
    <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Declarations&quot;)</span>
_DUMP_ROUTINES<span class="Delimiter">,</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Numbers&quot;)</span>
Recipe_ordinal[<span class="Constant">&quot;$dump-routines&quot;</span>] = _DUMP_ROUTINES<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Implementations&quot;)</span>
case _DUMP_ROUTINES: <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Routines<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    cerr &lt;&lt; i &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;: &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; Routines<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">)-&gt;</span>id &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">' '</span> &lt;&lt; Routines<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">)-&gt;</span>state &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">' '</span> &lt;&lt; Routines<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">)-&gt;</span>parent_index &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Comment">//: support for stopping routines after some number of cycles</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario routine_discontinues_past_limit)</span>
<span class="Special">% Scheduling_interval = 2;</span>
recipe f1 [
  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number/child-id<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>start-running f2:recipe
  limit-time <span class="Constant">1</span>:number/child-id<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">10</span>
  <span class="Comment"># padding loop just to make sure f2 has time to completed</span>
  <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">20</span>
  <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>subtract <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">1</span>
  jump-if <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> -<span class="Constant">2</span>:offset
]
recipe f2 [
  jump -<span class="Constant">1</span>:offset  <span class="Comment"># run forever</span>
  $print [should never get here]<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">10</span>/newline
]
<span class="Comment"># f2 terminates</span>
<span class="traceContains">+schedule: discontinuing routine 2</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End routine States&quot;)</span>
DISCONTINUED<span class="Delimiter">,</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Scheduler State Transitions&quot;)</span>
if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>limit &gt;= <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>limit &lt;= Scheduling_interval<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">&quot;schedule&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;discontinuing routine &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>id &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
    Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>state = DISCONTINUED<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
    Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>limit = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  else <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>limit -= Scheduling_interval<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End routine Fields&quot;)</span>
long long int limit<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End routine Constructor&quot;)</span>
limit = -<span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>  <span class="Comment">/*</span><span class="Comment"> no limit </span><span class="Comment">*/</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Declarations&quot;)</span>
LIMIT_TIME<span class="Delimiter">,</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Numbers&quot;)</span>
Recipe_ordinal[<span class="Constant">&quot;limit-time&quot;</span>] = LIMIT_TIME<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Implementations&quot;)</span>
case LIMIT_TIME: <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">)</span> != <span class="Constant">2</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    raise &lt;&lt; current_recipe_name<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;: 'limit-time' requires exactly two ingredient, but got &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>to_string<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
    <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!scalar<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    raise &lt;&lt; current_recipe_name<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;: first ingredient of 'limit-time' should be a routine id generated by 'start-running', but got &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>original_string &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
    <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!scalar<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">)))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    raise &lt;&lt; current_recipe_name<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;: second ingredient of 'limit-time' should be a number (of instructions to run for), but got &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>original_string &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
    <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  long long int id = ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Routines<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>Routines<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">)-&gt;</span>id == id<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
      Routines<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">)-&gt;</span>limit = ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
      <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
    <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
</pre>
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