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<pre>
<span class="Comment">//: Addresses passed into of a recipe are meant to be immutable unless they're</span>
<span class="Comment">//: also products. This layer will start enforcing this check.</span>
<span class="Comment">//:</span>
<span class="Comment">//: One hole for now: variables in surrounding spaces are implicitly mutable.</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario can_modify_value_ingredients)</span>
def main [
  local-scope
  p:address:shared:point<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> point:type
  foo *p
]
def foo p:point [
  local-scope
  load-ingredients
  x:address:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get-address p<span class="Delimiter">,</span> x:offset
  *x<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>
]
$error: <span class="Constant">0</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario can_modify_ingredients_that_are_also_products)</span>
def main [
  local-scope
  p:address:shared:point<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> point:type
  p<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>foo p
]
def foo p:address:shared:point <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> p:address:shared:point [
  local-scope
  load-ingredients
  x:address:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get-address *p<span class="Delimiter">,</span> x:offset
  *x<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>
]
$error: <span class="Constant">0</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario ignore_literal_ingredients_for_immutability_checks)</span>
def main [
  local-scope
  p:address:shared:d1<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> d1:type
  q:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>foo p
]
def foo p:address:shared:d1 <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> q:number [
  local-scope
  load-ingredients
  x:address:shared:d1<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> d1:type
  y:address:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get-address *x<span class="Delimiter">,</span> p:offset  <span class="Comment"># ignore this 'p'</span>
  q<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>
]
container d1 [
  p:number
  q:number
]
$error: <span class="Constant">0</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario cannot_modify_immutable_ingredients)</span>
<span class="Special">% Hide_errors = true;</span>
def main [
  local-scope
  x:address:shared:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> number:type
  foo x
]
def foo x:address:shared:number [
  local-scope
  load-ingredients
  *x<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+error: foo: cannot modify x in instruction '*x &lt;- copy 34' because it's not also a product of foo</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario cannot_take_address_inside_immutable_ingredients)</span>
<span class="Special">% Hide_errors = true;</span>
def main [
  local-scope
  p:address:shared:point<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> point:type
  foo p
]
def foo p:address:shared:point [
  local-scope
  load-ingredients
  x:address:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get-address *p<span class="Delimiter">,</span> x:offset
  *x<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+error: foo: cannot modify ingredient p after instruction 'x:address:number &lt;- get-address *p, x:offset' because it's not also a product of foo</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario cannot_call_mutating_recipes_on_immutable_ingredients)</span>
<span class="Special">% Hide_errors = true;</span>
def main [
  local-scope
  p:address:shared:point<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> point:type
  foo p
]
def foo p:address:shared:point [
  local-scope
  load-ingredients
  bar p
]
def bar p:address:shared:point <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> p:address:shared:point [
  local-scope
  load-ingredients
  x:address:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get-address *p<span class="Delimiter">,</span> x:offset
  *x<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+error: foo: cannot modify ingredient p at instruction 'bar p' because it's not also a product of foo</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario cannot_modify_copies_of_immutable_ingredients)</span>
<span class="Special">% Hide_errors = true;</span>
def main [
  local-scope
  p:address:shared:point<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> point:type
  foo p
]
def foo p:address:shared:point [
  local-scope
  load-ingredients
  q:address:shared:point<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy p
  x:address:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get-address *q<span class="Delimiter">,</span> x:offset
]
<span class="traceContains">+error: foo: cannot modify q after instruction 'x:address:number &lt;- get-address *q, x:offset' because that would modify ingredient p which is not also a product of foo</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario can_modify_copies_of_mutable_ingredients)</span>
def main [
  local-scope
  p:address:shared:point<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> point:type
  foo p
]
def foo p:address:shared:point <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> p:address:shared:point [
  local-scope
  load-ingredients
  q:address:shared:point<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy p
  x:address:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get-address *q<span class="Delimiter">,</span> x:offset
]
$error: <span class="Constant">0</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario cannot_modify_address_inside_immutable_ingredients)</span>
<span class="Special">% Hide_errors = true;</span>
container foo [
  x:address:shared:array:number  <span class="Comment"># contains an address</span>
]
def main [
  <span class="Comment"># don't run anything</span>
]
def foo a:address:shared:foo [
  local-scope
  load-ingredients
  x:address:shared:array:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get *a<span class="Delimiter">,</span> x:offset  <span class="Comment"># just a regular get of the container</span>
  y:address:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>index-address *x<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">0</span>  <span class="Comment"># but then index-address on the result</span>
  *y<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>
]
<span class="traceContains">+error: foo: cannot modify x after instruction 'y:address:number &lt;- index-address *x, 0' because that would modify ingredient a which is not also a product of foo</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario cannot_modify_address_inside_immutable_ingredients_2)</span>
container foo [
  x:address:shared:array:number  <span class="Comment"># contains an address</span>
]
def main [
  <span class="Comment"># don't run anything</span>
]
def foo a:address:shared:foo [
  local-scope
  load-ingredients
  b:foo<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>merge <span class="Constant">0</span>  <span class="Comment"># completely unrelated to 'a'</span>
  x:address:shared:array:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get b<span class="Delimiter">,</span> x:offset  <span class="Comment"># just a regular get of the container</span>
  y:address:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>index-address *x<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">0</span>  <span class="Comment"># but then index-address on the result</span>
  *y<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>
]
$error: <span class="Constant">0</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario cannot_modify_address_inside_immutable_ingredients_3)</span>
<span class="Special">% Hide_errors = true;</span>
container foo [
  x:number
]
def main [
  <span class="Comment"># don't run anything</span>
]
def foo a:address:shared:array:address:number [
  local-scope
  load-ingredients
  x:address:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>index *a<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">0</span>  <span class="Comment"># just a regular index of the array</span>
  *x<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>  <span class="Comment"># but then modify the result</span>
]
<span class="Comment"># +error: foo: cannot modify x in instruction '*x &lt;- copy 34' because that would modify ingredient a which is not also a product of foo</span>
<span class="traceContains">+error: foo: cannot modify x in instruction '*x &lt;- copy 34' because it's not also a product of foo</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario cannot_modify_address_inside_immutable_ingredients_4)</span>
container foo [
  x:address:shared:array:number  <span class="Comment"># contains an address</span>
]
def main [
  <span class="Comment"># don't run anything</span>
]
def foo a:address:shared:array:address:number [
  local-scope
  load-ingredients
  b:address:shared:array:address:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> <span class="Delimiter">{(</span>address number<span class="Delimiter">)</span>: type<span class="Delimiter">},</span> <span class="Constant">3</span>  <span class="Comment"># completely unrelated to 'a'</span>
  x:address:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>index *b<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">0</span>  <span class="Comment"># just a regular index of the array</span>
  *x<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>  <span class="Comment"># but then modify the result</span>
]
$error: <span class="Constant">0</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario can_traverse_immutable_ingredients)</span>
container test-list [
  next:address:shared:test-list
]
def main [
  local-scope
  p:address:shared:test-list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> test-list:type
  foo p
]
def foo p:address:shared:test-list [
  local-scope
  load-ingredients
  p2:address:shared:test-list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>bar p
]
def bar x:address:shared:test-list <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> y:address:shared:test-list [
  local-scope
  load-ingredients
  y<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get *x<span class="Delimiter">,</span> next:offset
]
$error: <span class="Constant">0</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario handle_optional_ingredients_in_immutability_checks)</span>
def main [
  k:address:shared:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> number:type
  test k
]
<span class="Comment"># recipe taking an immutable address ingredient</span>
def test k:address:shared:number [
  local-scope
  load-ingredients
  foo k
]
<span class="Comment"># ..calling a recipe with an optional address ingredient</span>
def foo <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> [
  local-scope
  load-ingredients
  k:address:shared:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> found?:boolean<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next-ingredient
]
$error: <span class="Constant">0</span>

<span class="Comment">//: when checking for immutable ingredients, remember to take space into account</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario check_space_of_reagents_in_immutability_checks)</span>
def main [
  a:address:shared:array:location<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Normal">new</span>-closure
  b:address:shared:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> number:type
  run-closure b:address:shared:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> a:address:shared:array:location
]
def <span class="Normal">new</span>-closure [
  <span class="Normal">new</span>-<span class="Normal">default</span>-space
  x:address:shared:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> number:type
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Normal">default</span>-space
]
def run-closure x:address:shared:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> s:address:shared:array:location [
  local-scope
  load-ingredients
  <span class="Constant">0</span>:address:shared:array:location/names:<span class="Normal">new</span>-closure<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy s
  *x:address:number/space:<span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>
]
$error: <span class="Constant">0</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Transforms&quot;)</span>
Transform<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>check_immutable_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">);</span>  <span class="Comment">// idempotent</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span>
<span class="Normal">void</span> check_immutable_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">(</span>recipe_ordinal r<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  <span class="Comment">// to ensure an address reagent isn't modified, it suffices to show that</span>
  <span class="Comment">//   a) we never write to its contents directly,</span>
  <span class="Comment">//   b) we never call get-address or index-address with it, and</span>
  <span class="Comment">//   c) any non-primitive recipe calls in the body aren't returning it as a product</span>
  <span class="Normal">const</span> recipe&amp; caller = get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> r<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9991</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;--- check mutability of ingredients in recipe &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
  <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>has_header<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>  <span class="Comment">// skip check for old-style recipes calling next-ingredient directly</span>
  <span class="Normal">for</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span> i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    <span class="Normal">const</span> reagent&amp; current_ingredient = caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
    <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!is_mu_address<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_ingredient<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">continue</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>  <span class="Comment">// will be copied</span>
    <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_present_in_products<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">,</span> current_ingredient<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">continue</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>  <span class="Comment">// not expected to be immutable</span>
    <span class="Comment">// End Immutable Ingredients Special-cases</span>
    set&lt;reagent&gt; immutable_vars<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
    immutable_vars<span class="Delimiter">.</span>insert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_ingredient<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
    <span class="Normal">for</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span> i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>steps<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
      <span class="Normal">const</span> instruction&amp; inst = caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>steps<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
      check_immutable_ingredient_in_instruction<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> immutable_vars<span class="Delimiter">,</span> current_ingredient<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">,</span> caller<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
      update_aliases<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> immutable_vars<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
    <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Normal">void</span> update_aliases<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">const</span> instruction&amp; inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> set&lt;reagent&gt;&amp; current_ingredient_and_aliases<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  set&lt;<span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span>&gt; current_ingredient_indices = ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> current_ingredient_and_aliases<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!contains_key<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>operation<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    <span class="Comment">// primitive recipe</span>
    <span class="Normal">switch</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>operation<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
      <span class="Normal">case</span> COPY:
        <span class="Normal">for</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>set&lt;<span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span>&gt;::iterator p = current_ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">();</span> p != current_ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> ++p<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
          current_ingredient_and_aliases<span class="Delimiter">.</span>insert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>*p<span class="Delimiter">).</span>name<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
        <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
      <span class="Normal">case</span> GET:
      <span class="Normal">case</span> INDEX:
          <span class="Comment">// current_ingredient_indices can only have 0 or one value</span>
        <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!current_ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">())</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
          <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_mu_address<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)))</span>
            current_ingredient_and_aliases<span class="Delimiter">.</span>insert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">));</span>
        <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
        <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
      <span class="Normal">default</span>: <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
    <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  <span class="Normal">else</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    <span class="Comment">// defined recipe</span>
    set&lt;<span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span>&gt; contained_in_product_indices = scan_contained_in_product_indices<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> current_ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
    <span class="Normal">for</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>set&lt;<span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span>&gt;::iterator p = contained_in_product_indices<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">();</span> p != contained_in_product_indices<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> ++p<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
      <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>*p &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">))</span>
        current_ingredient_and_aliases<span class="Delimiter">.</span>insert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>*p<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
    <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

set&lt;<span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span>&gt; scan_contained_in_product_indices<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">const</span> instruction&amp; inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> set&lt;<span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span>&gt;&amp; ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  set&lt;reagent&gt; selected_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Normal">const</span> recipe&amp; callee = get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>operation<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  <span class="Normal">for</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>set&lt;<span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span>&gt;::iterator p = ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">();</span> p != ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> ++p<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>*p &gt;= SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">continue</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>  <span class="Comment">// optional immutable ingredient</span>
    selected_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>insert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>*p<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  set&lt;<span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span>&gt; result<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Normal">for</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span> i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    <span class="Normal">const</span> reagent&amp; current_product = callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
    <span class="Comment">// </span><span class="Todo">TODO</span>
    <span class="Normal">const</span> string_tree* contained_in_name = property<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_product<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;contained-in&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
    <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>contained_in_name &amp;&amp; selected_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>find<span class="Delimiter">(</span>contained_in_name<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value<span class="Delimiter">)</span> != selected_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">())</span>
      result<span class="Delimiter">.</span>insert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> result<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenarios transform)</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario immutability_infects_contained_in_variables)</span>
<span class="Special">% Hide_errors = true;</span>
container test-list [
  next:address:shared:test-list
]
def main [
  local-scope
  p:address:shared:test-list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> test-list:type
  foo p
]
def foo p:address:shared:test-list [  <span class="Comment"># p is immutable</span>
  local-scope
  load-ingredients
  p2:address:shared:test-list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>test-next p  <span class="Comment"># p2 is immutable</span>
  p3:address:address:shared:test-list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get-address *p2<span class="Delimiter">,</span> next:offset  <span class="Comment"># signal modification of p2</span>
]
def test-next x:address:shared:test-list <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> y:address:shared:test-list/contained-in:x [
  local-scope
  load-ingredients
  y<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get *x<span class="Delimiter">,</span> next:offset
]
<span class="traceContains">+error: foo: cannot modify p2 after instruction 'p3:address:address:shared:test-list &lt;- get-address *p2, next:offset' because that would modify ingredient p which is not also a product of foo</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span>
<span class="Normal">void</span> check_immutable_ingredient_in_instruction<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">const</span> instruction&amp; inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Normal">const</span> set&lt;reagent&gt;&amp; current_ingredient_and_aliases<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Normal">const</span> string&amp; original_ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Normal">const</span> recipe&amp; caller<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  <span class="Comment">// first check if the instruction is directly modifying something it shouldn't</span>
  <span class="Normal">for</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span> i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>has_property<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">),</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;lookup&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span>
        &amp;&amp; current_ingredient_and_aliases<span class="Delimiter">.</span>find<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">))</span> != current_ingredient_and_aliases<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">())</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
      raise &lt;&lt; maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;cannot modify &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">).</span>name &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; in instruction '&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; to_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;' because it's not also a product of &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
      <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
    <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  <span class="Comment">// check if there's any indirect modification going on</span>
  set&lt;<span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span>&gt; current_ingredient_indices = ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> current_ingredient_and_aliases<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">())</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>  <span class="Comment">// ingredient not found in call</span>
  <span class="Normal">for</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>set&lt;<span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span>&gt;::iterator p = current_ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">();</span> p != current_ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> ++p<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    <span class="Normal">const</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span> current_ingredient_index = *p<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
    reagent current_ingredient = inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_ingredient_index<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
    canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_ingredient<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
    <span class="Normal">const</span> string&amp; current_ingredient_name = current_ingredient<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
    <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!contains_key<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>operation<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
      <span class="Comment">// primitive recipe</span>
      <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>operation == GET_ADDRESS || inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>operation == INDEX_ADDRESS<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
        <span class="Comment">// only reason to use get-address or index-address is to modify, so stop right there</span>
        <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_ingredient_name == original_ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
          raise &lt;&lt; maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;cannot modify ingredient &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_ingredient_name &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; after instruction '&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; to_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;' because it's not also a product of &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
        <span class="Normal">else</span>
          raise &lt;&lt; maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;cannot modify &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_ingredient_name &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; after instruction '&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; to_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;' because that would modify ingredient &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; original_ingredient_name &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; which is not also a product of &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
      <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
    <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
    <span class="Normal">else</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
      <span class="Comment">// defined recipe</span>
      <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!is_mu_address<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_ingredient<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>  <span class="Comment">// making a copy is ok</span>
      <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_modified_in_recipe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>operation<span class="Delimiter">,</span> current_ingredient_index<span class="Delimiter">,</span> caller<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
        <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_ingredient_name == original_ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
          raise &lt;&lt; maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;cannot modify ingredient &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_ingredient_name &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; at instruction '&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; to_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;' because it's not also a product of &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
        <span class="Normal">else</span>
          raise &lt;&lt; maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;cannot modify &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_ingredient_name &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; after instruction '&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; to_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;' because that would modify ingredient &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; original_ingredient_name &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; which is not also a product of &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
      <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
    <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Normal">bool</span> is_modified_in_recipe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>recipe_ordinal r<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span> ingredient_index<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Normal">const</span> recipe&amp; caller<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  <span class="Normal">const</span> recipe&amp; callee = get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> r<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>has_header<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    raise &lt;&lt; maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;can't check mutability of ingredients in &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; because it uses 'next-ingredient' directly, rather than a recipe header.</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
    <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">true</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredient_index &gt;= SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>  <span class="Comment">// optional immutable ingredient</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> is_present_in_products<span class="Delimiter">(</span>callee<span class="Delimiter">,</span> callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredient_index<span class="Delimiter">).</span>name<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Normal">bool</span> is_present_in_products<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">const</span> recipe&amp; callee<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Normal">const</span> string&amp; ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  <span class="Normal">for</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span> i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">).</span>name == ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
      <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">true</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Normal">bool</span> is_present_in_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">const</span> recipe&amp; callee<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Normal">const</span> string&amp; ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  <span class="Normal">for</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span> i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">).</span>name == ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
      <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">true</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

set&lt;<span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span>&gt; ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">const</span> instruction&amp; inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Normal">const</span> set&lt;reagent&gt;&amp; ingredient_names<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  set&lt;<span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span>&gt; result<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
  <span class="Normal">for</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span> i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
    <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_literal<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">)))</span> <span class="Identifier">continue</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
    <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredient_names<span class="Delimiter">.</span>find<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">))</span> != ingredient_names<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">())</span>
      result<span class="Delimiter">.</span>insert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
  <span class="Identifier">return</span> result<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>

<span class="Comment">//: Sometimes you want to pass in two addresses, one pointing inside the</span>
<span class="Comment">//: other. For example, you want to delete a node from a linked list. You</span>
<span class="Comment">//: can't pass both pointers back out, because if a caller tries to make both</span>
<span class="Comment">//: identical then you can't tell which value will be written on the way out.</span>
<span class="Comment">//:</span>
<span class="Comment">//: Experimental solution: just tell mu that one points inside the other.</span>
<span class="Comment">//: This way we can return just one pointer as high up as necessary to capture</span>
<span class="Comment">//: all modifications performed by a recipe.</span>
<span class="Comment">//:</span>
<span class="Comment">//: We'll see if we end up wanting to abuse /contained-in for other reasons.</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(scenarios transform)</span>
<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario can_modify_contained_in_addresses)</span>
container test-list [
  next:address:shared:test-list
]
def main [
  local-scope
  p:address:shared:test-list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> test-list:type
  foo p
]
def foo p:address:shared:test-list <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> p:address:shared:test-list [
  local-scope
  load-ingredients
  p2:address:shared:test-list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>test-next p
  p<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>test-remove p2<span class="Delimiter">,</span> p
]
def test-next x:address:shared:test-list <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> y:address:shared:test-list [
  local-scope
  load-ingredients
  y<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get *x<span class="Delimiter">,</span> next:offset
]
def test-remove x:address:shared:test-list/contained-in:from<span class="Delimiter">,</span> from:address:shared:test-list <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> from:address:shared:test-list [
  local-scope
  load-ingredients
  x2:address:address:shared:test-list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get-address *x<span class="Delimiter">,</span> next:offset  <span class="Comment"># pretend modification</span>
]
$error: <span class="Constant">0</span>

<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Immutable Ingredients Special-cases&quot;)</span>
<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>has_property<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_ingredient<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;contained-in&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
  <span class="Normal">const</span> string_tree* tmp = property<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_ingredient<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;contained-in&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
  <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>tmp<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>left || tmp<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>right
      || !is_present_in_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">,</span> tmp<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
      || !is_present_in_products<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">,</span> tmp<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value<span class="Delimiter">))</span>
    raise &lt;&lt; maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;contained-in can only point to another ingredient+product, but got &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; to_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>property<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_ingredient<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;contained-in&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">))</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
  <span class="Identifier">continue</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
</pre>
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