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<pre id='vimCodeElement'>
<span id="L1" class="LineNr">  1 </span><span class="subxComment"># A stack looks like this:</span>
<span id="L2" class="LineNr">  2 </span><span class="subxComment">#   top: int</span>
<span id="L3" class="LineNr">  3 </span><span class="subxComment">#   data: (array byte)  # prefixed by size as usual</span>
<span id="L4" class="LineNr">  4 </span><span class="subxComment">#</span>
<span id="L5" class="LineNr">  5 </span><span class="subxComment"># TODO: is it confusing that the push opcodes grow memory downward, but the</span>
<span id="L6" class="LineNr">  6 </span><span class="subxComment"># push function grows stacks upward?</span>
<span id="L7" class="LineNr">  7 </span>
<span id="L8" class="LineNr">  8 </span>== code
<span id="L9" class="LineNr">  9 </span><span class="subxComment">#   instruction                     effective address                                                   register    displacement    immediate</span>
<span id="L10" class="LineNr"> 10 </span><span class="subxS1Comment"># . op          subop               mod             rm32          base        index         scale       r32</span>
<span id="L11" class="LineNr"> 11 </span><span class="subxS1Comment"># . 1-3 bytes   3 bits              2 bits          3 bits        3 bits      3 bits        2 bits      2 bits      0/1/2/4 bytes   0/1/2/4 bytes</span>
<span id="L12" class="LineNr"> 12 </span>
<span id="L13" class="LineNr"> 13 </span><span class="subxFunction">clear-stack</span>:  <span class="subxComment"># s: (addr stack)</span>
<span id="L14" class="LineNr"> 14 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . prologue</span>
<span id="L15" class="LineNr"> 15 </span>    55/push-ebp
<span id="L16" class="LineNr"> 16 </span>    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          4/r32/esp  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy esp to ebp</span>
<span id="L17" class="LineNr"> 17 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . save registers</span>
<span id="L18" class="LineNr"> 18 </span>    50/push-eax
<span id="L19" class="LineNr"> 19 </span>    51/push-ecx
<span id="L20" class="LineNr"> 20 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># eax = s</span>
<span id="L21" class="LineNr"> 21 </span>    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          0/r32/eax   8/disp8        <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy *(ebp+8) to eax</span>
<span id="L22" class="LineNr"> 22 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># var max/ecx: (addr byte) = &amp;s-&gt;data[s-&gt;size]</span>
<span id="L23" class="LineNr"> 23 </span>    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/eax   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          1/r32/ecx   4/disp8        <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy *(eax+4) to eax</span>
<span id="L24" class="LineNr"> 24 </span>    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx  <span class="Normal"> . </span>          1/r32/ecx   8/disp8        <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy eax+ecx+8 to ecx</span>
<span id="L25" class="LineNr"> 25 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># s-&gt;top = 0</span>
<span id="L26" class="LineNr"> 26 </span>    c7          0/subop/copy        0/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              0/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># copy to *eax</span>
<span id="L27" class="LineNr"> 27 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># var curr/eax: (addr byte) = s-&gt;data</span>
<span id="L28" class="LineNr"> 28 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to eax</span>
<span id="L29" class="LineNr"> 29 </span><span class="Constant">$clear-stack:loop</span>:
<span id="L30" class="LineNr"> 30 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># if (curr &gt;= max) break</span>
<span id="L31" class="LineNr"> 31 </span>    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          1/r32/ecx  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># compare eax with ecx</span>
<span id="L32" class="LineNr"> 32 </span>    73/jump-if-addr&gt;=  $clear-stack:end/disp8
<span id="L33" class="LineNr"> 33 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># *curr = 0</span>
<span id="L34" class="LineNr"> 34 </span>    c6          0/subop/copy-byte   0/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              0/imm8            <span class="subxComment"># copy byte to *eax</span>
<span id="L35" class="LineNr"> 35 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># ++curr</span>
<span id="L36" class="LineNr"> 36 </span>    40/increment-eax
<span id="L37" class="LineNr"> 37 </span>    eb/jump $clear-stack:<span class="Constant">loop</span>/disp8
<span id="L38" class="LineNr"> 38 </span><span class="Constant">$clear-stack:end</span>:
<span id="L39" class="LineNr"> 39 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . restore registers</span>
<span id="L40" class="LineNr"> 40 </span>    59/pop-to-ecx
<span id="L41" class="LineNr"> 41 </span>    58/pop-to-eax
<span id="L42" class="LineNr"> 42 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . epilogue</span>
<span id="L43" class="LineNr"> 43 </span>    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          5/r32/ebp  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy ebp to esp</span>
<span id="L44" class="LineNr"> 44 </span>    5d/pop-to-ebp
<span id="L45" class="LineNr"> 45 </span>    c3/return
<span id="L46" class="LineNr"> 46 </span>
<span id="L47" class="LineNr"> 47 </span><span class="subxTest">test-clear-stack</span>:
<span id="L48" class="LineNr"> 48 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . prologue</span>
<span id="L49" class="LineNr"> 49 </span>    55/push-ebp
<span id="L50" class="LineNr"> 50 </span>    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          4/r32/esp  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy esp to ebp</span>
<span id="L51" class="LineNr"> 51 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># var stack/ecx = stack of size 8 with random data in it</span>
<span id="L52" class="LineNr"> 52 </span>    68/push 34/imm32
<span id="L53" class="LineNr"> 53 </span>    68/push 35/imm32
<span id="L54" class="LineNr"> 54 </span>    68/push 8/imm32/size
<span id="L55" class="LineNr"> 55 </span>    68/push 14/imm32/top
<span id="L56" class="LineNr"> 56 </span>    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          4/r32/esp  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy esp to ecx</span>
<span id="L57" class="LineNr"> 57 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># clear(stack)</span>
<span id="L58" class="LineNr"> 58 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L59" class="LineNr"> 59 </span>    51/push-ecx
<span id="L60" class="LineNr"> 60 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L61" class="LineNr"> 61 </span>    e8/call  <a href='203stack.subx.html#L13'>clear-stack</a>/disp32
<span id="L62" class="LineNr"> 62 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L63" class="LineNr"> 63 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              4/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L64" class="LineNr"> 64 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># top should be 0</span>
<span id="L65" class="LineNr"> 65 </span>    58/pop-to-eax
<span id="L66" class="LineNr"> 66 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . check-ints-equal(eax, 0, msg)</span>
<span id="L67" class="LineNr"> 67 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L68" class="LineNr"> 68 </span>    68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;F - <a href='203stack.subx.html#L47'>test-clear-stack</a>: top&quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L69" class="LineNr"> 69 </span>    68/push  0/imm32
<span id="L70" class="LineNr"> 70 </span>    50/push-eax
<span id="L71" class="LineNr"> 71 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L72" class="LineNr"> 72 </span>    e8/call  <a href='102test.subx.html#L23'>check-ints-equal</a>/disp32
<span id="L73" class="LineNr"> 73 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L74" class="LineNr"> 74 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              0xc/imm32         <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L75" class="LineNr"> 75 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># size should remain 8</span>
<span id="L76" class="LineNr"> 76 </span>    58/pop-to-eax
<span id="L77" class="LineNr"> 77 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . check-ints-equal(eax, 8, msg)</span>
<span id="L78" class="LineNr"> 78 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L79" class="LineNr"> 79 </span>    68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;F - <a href='203stack.subx.html#L47'>test-clear-stack</a>: size&quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L80" class="LineNr"> 80 </span>    68/push  8/imm32
<span id="L81" class="LineNr"> 81 </span>    50/push-eax
<span id="L82" class="LineNr"> 82 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L83" class="LineNr"> 83 </span>    e8/call  <a href='102test.subx.html#L23'>check-ints-equal</a>/disp32
<span id="L84" class="LineNr"> 84 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L85" class="LineNr"> 85 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              0xc/imm32         <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L86" class="LineNr"> 86 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># first word is 0</span>
<span id="L87" class="LineNr"> 87 </span>    58/pop-to-eax
<span id="L88" class="LineNr"> 88 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . check-ints-equal(eax, 0, msg)</span>
<span id="L89" class="LineNr"> 89 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L90" class="LineNr"> 90 </span>    68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;F - <a href='203stack.subx.html#L47'>test-clear-stack</a>: data[0..3]&quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L91" class="LineNr"> 91 </span>    68/push  0/imm32
<span id="L92" class="LineNr"> 92 </span>    50/push-eax
<span id="L93" class="LineNr"> 93 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L94" class="LineNr"> 94 </span>    e8/call  <a href='102test.subx.html#L23'>check-ints-equal</a>/disp32
<span id="L95" class="LineNr"> 95 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L96" class="LineNr"> 96 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              0xc/imm32         <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L97" class="LineNr"> 97 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># second word is 0</span>
<span id="L98" class="LineNr"> 98 </span>    58/pop-to-eax
<span id="L99" class="LineNr"> 99 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . check-ints-equal(eax, 0, msg)</span>
<span id="L100" class="LineNr">100 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L101" class="LineNr">101 </span>    68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;F - <a href='203stack.subx.html#L47'>test-clear-stack</a>: data[4..7]&quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L102" class="LineNr">102 </span>    68/push  0/imm32
<span id="L103" class="LineNr">103 </span>    50/push-eax
<span id="L104" class="LineNr">104 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L105" class="LineNr">105 </span>    e8/call  <a href='102test.subx.html#L23'>check-ints-equal</a>/disp32
<span id="L106" class="LineNr">106 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L107" class="LineNr">107 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              0xc/imm32         <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L108" class="LineNr">108 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . epilogue</span>
<span id="L109" class="LineNr">109 </span>    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          5/r32/ebp  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy ebp to esp</span>
<span id="L110" class="LineNr">110 </span>    5d/pop-to-ebp
<span id="L111" class="LineNr">111 </span>    c3/return
<span id="L112" class="LineNr">112 </span>
<span id="L113" class="LineNr">113 </span><span class="subxComment"># TODO: make this generic</span>
<span id="L114" class="LineNr">114 </span><span class="subxFunction">push</span>:  <span class="subxComment"># s: (addr stack), n: int</span>
<span id="L115" class="LineNr">115 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . prologue</span>
<span id="L116" class="LineNr">116 </span>    55/push-ebp
<span id="L117" class="LineNr">117 </span>    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          4/r32/esp  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy esp to ebp</span>
<span id="L118" class="LineNr">118 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . save registers</span>
<span id="L119" class="LineNr">119 </span>    50/push-eax
<span id="L120" class="LineNr">120 </span>    51/push-ecx
<span id="L121" class="LineNr">121 </span>    56/push-esi
<span id="L122" class="LineNr">122 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># esi = s</span>
<span id="L123" class="LineNr">123 </span>    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          6/r32/esi   8/disp8        <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy *(ebp+8) to esi</span>
<span id="L124" class="LineNr">124 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># ecx = s-&gt;top</span>
<span id="L125" class="LineNr">125 </span>    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          1/r32/ecx  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy *esi to ecx</span>
<span id="L126" class="LineNr">126 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># if (s-&gt;top &gt;= s-&gt;size) abort</span>
<span id="L127" class="LineNr">127 </span>    39/compare                      1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          1/r32/ecx   4/disp8        <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># compare *(esi+4) and ecx</span>
<span id="L128" class="LineNr">128 </span>    7e/jump-if-&lt;=  $push:abort/disp8
<span id="L129" class="LineNr">129 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># s-&gt;data[s-&gt;top] = n</span>
<span id="L130" class="LineNr">130 </span>    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8      <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy *(ebp+12) to eax</span>
<span id="L131" class="LineNr">131 </span>    89/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  1/index/ecx  <span class="Normal"> . </span>          0/r32/eax   8/disp8        <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy eax to *(esi+ecx+8)</span>
<span id="L132" class="LineNr">132 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># s-&gt;top += 4</span>
<span id="L133" class="LineNr">133 </span>    81          0/subop/add         0/mod/direct    6/rm32/esi   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              4/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># subtract from *esi</span>
<span id="L134" class="LineNr">134 </span><span class="Constant">$push:end</span>:
<span id="L135" class="LineNr">135 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . restore registers</span>
<span id="L136" class="LineNr">136 </span>    5e/pop-to-esi
<span id="L137" class="LineNr">137 </span>    59/pop-to-ecx
<span id="L138" class="LineNr">138 </span>    58/pop-to-eax
<span id="L139" class="LineNr">139 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . epilogue</span>
<span id="L140" class="LineNr">140 </span>    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          5/r32/ebp  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy ebp to esp</span>
<span id="L141" class="LineNr">141 </span>    5d/pop-to-ebp
<span id="L142" class="LineNr">142 </span>    c3/return
<span id="L143" class="LineNr">143 </span>
<span id="L144" class="LineNr">144 </span><span class="Constant">$push:abort</span>:
<span id="L145" class="LineNr">145 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># print(stderr, &quot;error: push: no space left&quot;)</span>
<span id="L146" class="LineNr">146 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . write-buffered(Stderr, &quot;error: push: no space left&quot;)</span>
<span id="L147" class="LineNr">147 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L148" class="LineNr">148 </span>    68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;error: <a href='203stack.subx.html#L114'>push</a>: no space left&quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L149" class="LineNr">149 </span>    68/push  <span class="SpecialChar"><a href='116write-buffered.subx.html#L209'>Stderr</a></span>/imm32
<span id="L150" class="LineNr">150 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L151" class="LineNr">151 </span>    e8/call  <a href='116write-buffered.subx.html#L8'>write-buffered</a>/disp32
<span id="L152" class="LineNr">152 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L153" class="LineNr">153 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L154" class="LineNr">154 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . flush(Stderr)</span>
<span id="L155" class="LineNr">155 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L156" class="LineNr">156 </span>    68/push  <span class="SpecialChar"><a href='116write-buffered.subx.html#L209'>Stderr</a></span>/imm32
<span id="L157" class="LineNr">157 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L158" class="LineNr">158 </span>    e8/call  <a href='115write-byte.subx.html#L81'>flush</a>/disp32
<span id="L159" class="LineNr">159 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L160" class="LineNr">160 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              4/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L161" class="LineNr">161 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . syscall(exit, 1)</span>
<span id="L162" class="LineNr">162 </span>    bb/copy-to-ebx  1/imm32
<span id="L163" class="LineNr">163 </span>    e8/call  <a href='000init.subx.html#L18'>syscall_exit</a>/disp32
<span id="L164" class="LineNr">164 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># never gets here</span>
<span id="L165" class="LineNr">165 </span>
<span id="L166" class="LineNr">166 </span><span class="subxTest">test-push</span>:
<span id="L167" class="LineNr">167 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . prologue</span>
<span id="L168" class="LineNr">168 </span>    55/push-ebp
<span id="L169" class="LineNr">169 </span>    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          4/r32/esp  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy esp to ebp</span>
<span id="L170" class="LineNr">170 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># var stack/ecx = empty stack of size 8</span>
<span id="L171" class="LineNr">171 </span>    68/push 0/imm32
<span id="L172" class="LineNr">172 </span>    68/push 0/imm32
<span id="L173" class="LineNr">173 </span>    68/push 8/imm32/size
<span id="L174" class="LineNr">174 </span>    68/push 0/imm32/top
<span id="L175" class="LineNr">175 </span>    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          4/r32/esp  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy esp to ecx</span>
<span id="L176" class="LineNr">176 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># push(stack, 0x42)</span>
<span id="L177" class="LineNr">177 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L178" class="LineNr">178 </span>    68/push  0x42/imm32
<span id="L179" class="LineNr">179 </span>    51/push-ecx
<span id="L180" class="LineNr">180 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L181" class="LineNr">181 </span>    e8/call  <a href='203stack.subx.html#L114'>push</a>/disp32
<span id="L182" class="LineNr">182 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L183" class="LineNr">183 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L184" class="LineNr">184 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># check top</span>
<span id="L185" class="LineNr">185 </span>    58/pop-to-eax
<span id="L186" class="LineNr">186 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . check-ints-equal(eax, 4, msg)</span>
<span id="L187" class="LineNr">187 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L188" class="LineNr">188 </span>    68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;F - <a href='203stack.subx.html#L166'>test-push</a>: top&quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L189" class="LineNr">189 </span>    68/push  4/imm32
<span id="L190" class="LineNr">190 </span>    50/push-eax
<span id="L191" class="LineNr">191 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L192" class="LineNr">192 </span>    e8/call  <a href='102test.subx.html#L23'>check-ints-equal</a>/disp32
<span id="L193" class="LineNr">193 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L194" class="LineNr">194 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              0xc/imm32         <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L195" class="LineNr">195 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># check size</span>
<span id="L196" class="LineNr">196 </span>    58/pop-to-eax
<span id="L197" class="LineNr">197 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . check-ints-equal(eax, 8, msg)</span>
<span id="L198" class="LineNr">198 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L199" class="LineNr">199 </span>    68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;F - <a href='203stack.subx.html#L166'>test-push</a>: size&quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L200" class="LineNr">200 </span>    68/push  8/imm32
<span id="L201" class="LineNr">201 </span>    50/push-eax
<span id="L202" class="LineNr">202 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L203" class="LineNr">203 </span>    e8/call  <a href='102test.subx.html#L23'>check-ints-equal</a>/disp32
<span id="L204" class="LineNr">204 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L205" class="LineNr">205 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              0xc/imm32         <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L206" class="LineNr">206 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># first word is 0x42</span>
<span id="L207" class="LineNr">207 </span>    58/pop-to-eax
<span id="L208" class="LineNr">208 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . check-ints-equal(eax, 0x42, msg)</span>
<span id="L209" class="LineNr">209 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L210" class="LineNr">210 </span>    68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;F - <a href='203stack.subx.html#L166'>test-push</a>: data[0..3]&quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L211" class="LineNr">211 </span>    68/push  0x42/imm32
<span id="L212" class="LineNr">212 </span>    50/push-eax
<span id="L213" class="LineNr">213 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L214" class="LineNr">214 </span>    e8/call  <a href='102test.subx.html#L23'>check-ints-equal</a>/disp32
<span id="L215" class="LineNr">215 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L216" class="LineNr">216 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              0xc/imm32         <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L217" class="LineNr">217 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># second word is 0</span>
<span id="L218" class="LineNr">218 </span>    58/pop-to-eax
<span id="L219" class="LineNr">219 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . check-ints-equal(eax, 0, msg)</span>
<span id="L220" class="LineNr">220 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L221" class="LineNr">221 </span>    68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;F - <a href='203stack.subx.html#L166'>test-push</a>: data[4..7]&quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L222" class="LineNr">222 </span>    68/push  0/imm32
<span id="L223" class="LineNr">223 </span>    50/push-eax
<span id="L224" class="LineNr">224 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L225" class="LineNr">225 </span>    e8/call  <a href='102test.subx.html#L23'>check-ints-equal</a>/disp32
<span id="L226" class="LineNr">226 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L227" class="LineNr">227 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              0xc/imm32         <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L228" class="LineNr">228 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . epilogue</span>
<span id="L229" class="LineNr">229 </span>    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          5/r32/ebp  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy ebp to esp</span>
<span id="L230" class="LineNr">230 </span>    5d/pop-to-ebp
<span id="L231" class="LineNr">231 </span>    c3/return
<span id="L232" class="LineNr">232 </span>
<span id="L233" class="LineNr">233 </span><span class="subxComment"># TODO: make this generic</span>
<span id="L234" class="LineNr">234 </span><span class="subxFunction">pop</span>:  <span class="subxComment"># s: (addr stack) -&gt; n/eax: int</span>
<span id="L235" class="LineNr">235 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . prologue</span>
<span id="L236" class="LineNr">236 </span>    55/push-ebp
<span id="L237" class="LineNr">237 </span>    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          4/r32/esp  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy esp to ebp</span>
<span id="L238" class="LineNr">238 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . save registers</span>
<span id="L239" class="LineNr">239 </span>    51/push-ecx
<span id="L240" class="LineNr">240 </span>    56/push-esi
<span id="L241" class="LineNr">241 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># esi = s</span>
<span id="L242" class="LineNr">242 </span>    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          6/r32/esi   8/disp8        <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy *(ebp+8) to esi</span>
<span id="L243" class="LineNr">243 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># if (s-&gt;top &lt;= 0) abort</span>
<span id="L244" class="LineNr">244 </span>    81          7/subop/compare     0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              0/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># compare *esi</span>
<span id="L245" class="LineNr">245 </span>    7e/jump-if-&lt;=  $pop:abort/disp8
<span id="L246" class="LineNr">246 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># s-&gt;top -= 4</span>
<span id="L247" class="LineNr">247 </span>    81          5/subop/subtract    0/mod/direct    6/rm32/esi   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              4/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># subtract from *esi</span>
<span id="L248" class="LineNr">248 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># eax = s-&gt;data[s-&gt;top]</span>
<span id="L249" class="LineNr">249 </span>    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          1/r32/ecx  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy *esi to ecx</span>
<span id="L250" class="LineNr">250 </span>    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  1/index/ecx  <span class="Normal"> . </span>          0/r32/eax   8/disp8        <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy *(esi+ecx+8) to eax</span>
<span id="L251" class="LineNr">251 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># s-&gt;data[s-&gt;top] = 0</span>
<span id="L252" class="LineNr">252 </span>    c7          0/subop/copy        1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  1/index/ecx  <span class="Normal"> . </span>          0/r32/eax   8/disp8         0/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># copy to *(esi+ecx+8)</span>
<span id="L253" class="LineNr">253 </span><span class="Constant">$pop:end</span>:
<span id="L254" class="LineNr">254 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . restore registers</span>
<span id="L255" class="LineNr">255 </span>    5e/pop-to-esi
<span id="L256" class="LineNr">256 </span>    59/pop-to-ecx
<span id="L257" class="LineNr">257 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . epilogue</span>
<span id="L258" class="LineNr">258 </span>    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          5/r32/ebp  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy ebp to esp</span>
<span id="L259" class="LineNr">259 </span>    5d/pop-to-ebp
<span id="L260" class="LineNr">260 </span>    c3/return
<span id="L261" class="LineNr">261 </span>
<span id="L262" class="LineNr">262 </span><span class="Constant">$pop:abort</span>:
<span id="L263" class="LineNr">263 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># print(stderr, &quot;error: pop: nothing left in stack&quot;)</span>
<span id="L264" class="LineNr">264 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . write-buffered(Stderr, &quot;error: pop: nothing left in stack&quot;)</span>
<span id="L265" class="LineNr">265 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L266" class="LineNr">266 </span>    68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;error: <a href='203stack.subx.html#L234'>pop</a>: nothing left in stack&quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L267" class="LineNr">267 </span>    68/push  <span class="SpecialChar"><a href='116write-buffered.subx.html#L209'>Stderr</a></span>/imm32
<span id="L268" class="LineNr">268 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L269" class="LineNr">269 </span>    e8/call  <a href='116write-buffered.subx.html#L8'>write-buffered</a>/disp32
<span id="L270" class="LineNr">270 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L271" class="LineNr">271 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L272" class="LineNr">272 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . flush(Stderr)</span>
<span id="L273" class="LineNr">273 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L274" class="LineNr">274 </span>    68/push  <span class="SpecialChar"><a href='116write-buffered.subx.html#L209'>Stderr</a></span>/imm32
<span id="L275" class="LineNr">275 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L276" class="LineNr">276 </span>    e8/call  <a href='115write-byte.subx.html#L81'>flush</a>/disp32
<span id="L277" class="LineNr">277 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L278" class="LineNr">278 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              4/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L279" class="LineNr">279 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . syscall(exit, 1)</span>
<span id="L280" class="LineNr">280 </span>    bb/copy-to-ebx  1/imm32
<span id="L281" class="LineNr">281 </span>    e8/call  <a href='000init.subx.html#L18'>syscall_exit</a>/disp32
<span id="L282" class="LineNr">282 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># never gets here</span>
<span id="L283" class="LineNr">283 </span>
<span id="L284" class="LineNr">284 </span><span class="subxTest">test-pop</span>:
<span id="L285" class="LineNr">285 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . prologue</span>
<span id="L286" class="LineNr">286 </span>    55/push-ebp
<span id="L287" class="LineNr">287 </span>    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          4/r32/esp  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy esp to ebp</span>
<span id="L288" class="LineNr">288 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># var stack/ecx = stack of size 8 containing just 0x42</span>
<span id="L289" class="LineNr">289 </span>    68/push 0/imm32
<span id="L290" class="LineNr">290 </span>    68/push 0x42/imm32
<span id="L291" class="LineNr">291 </span>    68/push 8/imm32/size
<span id="L292" class="LineNr">292 </span>    68/push 4/imm32/top
<span id="L293" class="LineNr">293 </span>    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          4/r32/esp  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy esp to ecx</span>
<span id="L294" class="LineNr">294 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># eax = pop(stack)</span>
<span id="L295" class="LineNr">295 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L296" class="LineNr">296 </span>    51/push-ecx
<span id="L297" class="LineNr">297 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L298" class="LineNr">298 </span>    e8/call  <a href='203stack.subx.html#L234'>pop</a>/disp32
<span id="L299" class="LineNr">299 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L300" class="LineNr">300 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              4/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L301" class="LineNr">301 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># check-ints-equal(eax, 0x42, msg)</span>
<span id="L302" class="LineNr">302 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L303" class="LineNr">303 </span>    68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;F - <a href='203stack.subx.html#L284'>test-pop</a>: result&quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L304" class="LineNr">304 </span>    68/push  0x42/imm32
<span id="L305" class="LineNr">305 </span>    50/push-eax
<span id="L306" class="LineNr">306 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L307" class="LineNr">307 </span>    e8/call  <a href='102test.subx.html#L23'>check-ints-equal</a>/disp32
<span id="L308" class="LineNr">308 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L309" class="LineNr">309 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              0xc/imm32         <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L310" class="LineNr">310 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># check top</span>
<span id="L311" class="LineNr">311 </span>    58/pop-to-eax
<span id="L312" class="LineNr">312 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . check-ints-equal(eax, 0, msg)</span>
<span id="L313" class="LineNr">313 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L314" class="LineNr">314 </span>    68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;F - <a href='203stack.subx.html#L284'>test-pop</a>: top&quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L315" class="LineNr">315 </span>    68/push  0/imm32
<span id="L316" class="LineNr">316 </span>    50/push-eax
<span id="L317" class="LineNr">317 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L318" class="LineNr">318 </span>    e8/call  <a href='102test.subx.html#L23'>check-ints-equal</a>/disp32
<span id="L319" class="LineNr">319 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L320" class="LineNr">320 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              0xc/imm32         <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L321" class="LineNr">321 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># check size</span>
<span id="L322" class="LineNr">322 </span>    58/pop-to-eax
<span id="L323" class="LineNr">323 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . check-ints-equal(eax, 8, msg)</span>
<span id="L324" class="LineNr">324 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L325" class="LineNr">325 </span>    68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;F - <a href='203stack.subx.html#L284'>test-pop</a>: size&quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L326" class="LineNr">326 </span>    68/push  8/imm32
<span id="L327" class="LineNr">327 </span>    50/push-eax
<span id="L328" class="LineNr">328 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L329" class="LineNr">329 </span>    e8/call  <a href='102test.subx.html#L23'>check-ints-equal</a>/disp32
<span id="L330" class="LineNr">330 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L331" class="LineNr">331 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              0xc/imm32         <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L332" class="LineNr">332 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . epilogue</span>
<span id="L333" class="LineNr">333 </span>    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          5/r32/ebp  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy ebp to esp</span>
<span id="L334" class="LineNr">334 </span>    5d/pop-to-ebp
<span id="L335" class="LineNr">335 </span>    c3/return
<span id="L336" class="LineNr">336 </span>
<span id="L337" class="LineNr">337 </span><span class="subxComment"># TODO: make this generic</span>
<span id="L338" class="LineNr">338 </span><span class="subxFunction">top</span>:  <span class="subxComment"># s: (addr stack) -&gt; n/eax: int</span>
<span id="L339" class="LineNr">339 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . prologue</span>
<span id="L340" class="LineNr">340 </span>    55/push-ebp
<span id="L341" class="LineNr">341 </span>    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          4/r32/esp  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy esp to ebp</span>
<span id="L342" class="LineNr">342 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . save registers</span>
<span id="L343" class="LineNr">343 </span>    51/push-ecx
<span id="L344" class="LineNr">344 </span>    56/push-esi
<span id="L345" class="LineNr">345 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># esi = s</span>
<span id="L346" class="LineNr">346 </span>    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          6/r32/esi   8/disp8        <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy *(ebp+8) to esi</span>
<span id="L347" class="LineNr">347 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># if (s-&gt;top &lt;= 0) abort</span>
<span id="L348" class="LineNr">348 </span>    81          7/subop/compare     0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              0/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># compare *esi</span>
<span id="L349" class="LineNr">349 </span>    7e/jump-if-&lt;=  $top:abort/disp8
<span id="L350" class="LineNr">350 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># n = s-&gt;data[s-&gt;top - 4]</span>
<span id="L351" class="LineNr">351 </span>    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          1/r32/ecx  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy *esi to ecx</span>
<span id="L352" class="LineNr">352 </span>    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              4/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># subtract from ecx</span>
<span id="L353" class="LineNr">353 </span>    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  1/index/ecx  <span class="Normal"> . </span>          0/r32/eax   8/disp8        <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy *(esi+ecx+8) to eax</span>
<span id="L354" class="LineNr">354 </span><span class="Constant">$top:end</span>:
<span id="L355" class="LineNr">355 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . restore registers</span>
<span id="L356" class="LineNr">356 </span>    5e/pop-to-esi
<span id="L357" class="LineNr">357 </span>    59/pop-to-ecx
<span id="L358" class="LineNr">358 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . epilogue</span>
<span id="L359" class="LineNr">359 </span>    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          5/r32/ebp  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy ebp to esp</span>
<span id="L360" class="LineNr">360 </span>    5d/pop-to-ebp
<span id="L361" class="LineNr">361 </span>    c3/return
<span id="L362" class="LineNr">362 </span>
<span id="L363" class="LineNr">363 </span><span class="Constant">$top:abort</span>:
<span id="L364" class="LineNr">364 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># print(stderr, &quot;error: top: nothing left in stack&quot;)</span>
<span id="L365" class="LineNr">365 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . write-buffered(Stderr, &quot;error: top: nothing left in stack&quot;)</span>
<span id="L366" class="LineNr">366 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L367" class="LineNr">367 </span>    68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;error: <a href='203stack.subx.html#L338'>top</a>: nothing left in stack&quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L368" class="LineNr">368 </span>    68/push  <span class="SpecialChar"><a href='116write-buffered.subx.html#L209'>Stderr</a></span>/imm32
<span id="L369" class="LineNr">369 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L370" class="LineNr">370 </span>    e8/call  <a href='116write-buffered.subx.html#L8'>write-buffered</a>/disp32
<span id="L371" class="LineNr">371 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L372" class="LineNr">372 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L373" class="LineNr">373 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . flush(Stderr)</span>
<span id="L374" class="LineNr">374 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L375" class="LineNr">375 </span>    68/push  <span class="SpecialChar"><a href='116write-buffered.subx.html#L209'>Stderr</a></span>/imm32
<span id="L376" class="LineNr">376 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L377" class="LineNr">377 </span>    e8/call  <a href='115write-byte.subx.html#L81'>flush</a>/disp32
<span id="L378" class="LineNr">378 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L379" class="LineNr">379 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              4/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L380" class="LineNr">380 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . syscall(exit, 1)</span>
<span id="L381" class="LineNr">381 </span>    bb/copy-to-ebx  1/imm32
<span id="L382" class="LineNr">382 </span>    e8/call  <a href='000init.subx.html#L18'>syscall_exit</a>/disp32
<span id="L383" class="LineNr">383 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># never gets here</span>
<span id="L384" class="LineNr">384 </span>
<span id="L385" class="LineNr">385 </span><span class="subxTest">test-top</span>:
<span id="L386" class="LineNr">386 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . prologue</span>
<span id="L387" class="LineNr">387 </span>    55/push-ebp
<span id="L388" class="LineNr">388 </span>    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          4/r32/esp  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy esp to ebp</span>
<span id="L389" class="LineNr">389 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># var stack/ecx = stack of size 8 containing just 0x42</span>
<span id="L390" class="LineNr">390 </span>    68/push  0/imm32
<span id="L391" class="LineNr">391 </span>    68/push  0x42/imm32
<span id="L392" class="LineNr">392 </span>    68/push  8/imm32/size
<span id="L393" class="LineNr">393 </span>    68/push  4/imm32/top
<span id="L394" class="LineNr">394 </span>    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          4/r32/esp  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy esp to ecx</span>
<span id="L395" class="LineNr">395 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># eax = top(stack)</span>
<span id="L396" class="LineNr">396 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L397" class="LineNr">397 </span>    51/push-ecx
<span id="L398" class="LineNr">398 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L399" class="LineNr">399 </span>    e8/call  <a href='203stack.subx.html#L338'>top</a>/disp32
<span id="L400" class="LineNr">400 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L401" class="LineNr">401 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              4/imm32           <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L402" class="LineNr">402 </span>    <span class="subxComment"># check-ints-equal(eax, 42, msg&quot;)</span>
<span id="L403" class="LineNr">403 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . push args</span>
<span id="L404" class="LineNr">404 </span>    68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;F - <a href='203stack.subx.html#L385'>test-top</a>: result&quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L405" class="LineNr">405 </span>    68/push  0x42/imm32
<span id="L406" class="LineNr">406 </span>    50/push-eax
<span id="L407" class="LineNr">407 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . call</span>
<span id="L408" class="LineNr">408 </span>    e8/call  <a href='102test.subx.html#L23'>check-ints-equal</a>/disp32
<span id="L409" class="LineNr">409 </span>    <span class="subxS2Comment"># . . discard args</span>
<span id="L410" class="LineNr">410 </span>    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>              0xc/imm32         <span class="subxComment"># add to esp</span>
<span id="L411" class="LineNr">411 </span>    <span class="subxS1Comment"># . epilogue</span>
<span id="L412" class="LineNr">412 </span>    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp   <span class="Normal"> . </span>         <span class="Normal"> . </span>           <span class="Normal"> . </span>          5/r32/ebp  <span class="Normal"> . </span>             <span class="Normal"> . </span>                <span class="subxComment"># copy ebp to esp</span>
<span id="L413" class="LineNr">413 </span>    5d/pop-to-ebp
<span id="L414" class="LineNr">414 </span>    c3/return
<span id="L415" class="LineNr">415 </span>
<span id="L416" class="LineNr">416 </span><span class="subxS2Comment"># . . vim&#0058;nowrap:textwidth=0</span>
</pre>
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