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<pre id='vimCodeElement'>
<span id="L1" class="LineNr">  1 </span><span class="SalientComment">## Port of <a href="https://github.com/akkartik/crenshaw/blob/master/tutor2.1.pas">https://github.com/akkartik/crenshaw/blob/master/tutor2.1.pas</a></span>
<span id="L2" class="LineNr">  2 </span><span class="Comment"># Corresponds to the section &quot;single digits&quot; in <a href="https://compilers.iecc.com/crenshaw/tutor2.txt">https://compilers.iecc.com/crenshaw/tutor2.txt</a></span>
<span id="L3" class="LineNr">  3 </span><span class="Comment">#</span>
<span id="L4" class="LineNr">  4 </span><span class="Comment"># To run (from the subx directory):</span>
<span id="L5" class="LineNr">  5 </span><span class="Comment">#   $ ./subx translate *.subx apps/crenshaw2-1.subx -o crenshaw2-1</span>
<span id="L6" class="LineNr">  6 </span><span class="Comment">#   $ echo '3'  |./subx run apps/crenshaw2-1</span>
<span id="L7" class="LineNr">  7 </span><span class="Comment"># Expected output (not working yet):</span>
<span id="L8" class="LineNr">  8 </span><span class="Comment">#   # syscall(exit, 3)</span>
<span id="L9" class="LineNr">  9 </span><span class="Comment">#   bb/copy-to-EBX  3/imm32</span>
<span id="L10" class="LineNr"> 10 </span><span class="Comment">#   b8/copy-to-EAX  1/imm32/exit</span>
<span id="L11" class="LineNr"> 11 </span><span class="Comment">#   cd/syscall  0x80/imm8</span>
<span id="L12" class="LineNr"> 12 </span><span class="Comment">#</span>
<span id="L13" class="LineNr"> 13 </span><span class="Comment"># To run the generated output:</span>
<span id="L14" class="LineNr"> 14 </span><span class="Comment">#   $ echo '3'  |./subx run apps/crenshaw2-1 &gt; z1.subx</span>
<span id="L15" class="LineNr"> 15 </span><span class="Comment">#   $ ./subx translate z1.subx -o z1</span>
<span id="L16" class="LineNr"> 16 </span><span class="Comment">#   $ ./subx run z1</span>
<span id="L17" class="LineNr"> 17 </span><span class="Comment">#   $ echo $?</span>
<span id="L18" class="LineNr"> 18 </span><span class="Comment">#   3</span>
<span id="L19" class="LineNr"> 19 </span><span class="Comment">#</span>
<span id="L20" class="LineNr"> 20 </span><span class="Comment"># Stdin must contain just a single hex digit. Other input will print an error:</span>
<span id="L21" class="LineNr"> 21 </span><span class="Comment">#   $ echo 'xyz'  |./subx run apps/crenshaw2-1</span>
<span id="L22" class="LineNr"> 22 </span><span class="Comment">#   Error: integer expected</span>
<span id="L23" class="LineNr"> 23 </span><span class="Comment">#</span>
<span id="L24" class="LineNr"> 24 </span><span class="Comment"># Names in this file sometimes follow Crenshaw's original rather than my usual</span>
<span id="L25" class="LineNr"> 25 </span><span class="Comment"># naming conventions.</span>
<span id="L26" class="LineNr"> 26 </span>
<span id="L27" class="LineNr"> 27 </span>== code
<span id="L28" class="LineNr"> 28 </span><span class="Comment"># instruction                     effective address                                                   operand     displacement    immediate</span>
<span id="L29" class="LineNr"> 29 </span><span class="Comment"># op          subop               mod             rm32          base        index         scale       r32</span>
<span id="L30" class="LineNr"> 30 </span><span class="Comment"># 1-3 bytes   3 bits              2 bits          3 bits        3 bits      3 bits        2 bits      2 bits      0/1/2/4 bytes   0/1/2/4 bytes</span>
<span id="L31" class="LineNr"> 31 </span>
<span id="L32" class="LineNr"> 32 </span><span class="Comment"># main: run tests if necessary, call 'compile' if not</span>
<span id="L33" class="LineNr"> 33 </span>  <span class="Comment"># prolog</span>
<span id="L34" class="LineNr"> 34 </span>  89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          4/r32/ESP  <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>             <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># copy ESP to EBP</span>
<span id="L35" class="LineNr"> 35 </span>  <span class="Comment"># if (argc &gt; 1)</span>
<span id="L36" class="LineNr"> 36 </span>  81          7/subop/compare     1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    5/base/EBP  4/index/none <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          0/disp8         1/imm32           <span class="Comment"># compare *EBP</span>
<span id="L37" class="LineNr"> 37 </span>  7e/jump-if-lesser-or-equal  $run-main/disp8
<span id="L38" class="LineNr"> 38 </span>  <span class="Comment"># and if (argv[1] == &quot;test&quot;)</span>
<span id="L39" class="LineNr"> 39 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L40" class="LineNr"> 40 </span>  68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;test&quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L41" class="LineNr"> 41 </span>  ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    5/base/EBP  4/index/none <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          0x8/disp8      <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># push *(EBP+8)</span>
<span id="L42" class="LineNr"> 42 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L43" class="LineNr"> 43 </span>  e8/call  kernel-string-equal/disp32
<span id="L44" class="LineNr"> 44 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L45" class="LineNr"> 45 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L46" class="LineNr"> 46 </span>    <span class="Comment"># check result</span>
<span id="L47" class="LineNr"> 47 </span>  3d/compare-EAX  1/imm32
<span id="L48" class="LineNr"> 48 </span>  75/jump-if-not-equal  $run-main/disp8
<span id="L49" class="LineNr"> 49 </span>  <span class="Comment"># then return run-tests()</span>
<span id="L50" class="LineNr"> 50 </span>  e8/call  run-tests/disp32
<span id="L51" class="LineNr"> 51 </span><span class="CommentedCode">#?   e8/call test-get-num-reads-multiple-digits/disp32</span>
<span id="L52" class="LineNr"> 52 </span>  8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          3/r32/EBX   <span class="Special">Num-test-failures</span>/disp32          <span class="Comment"># copy *Num-test-failures to EBX</span>
<span id="L53" class="LineNr"> 53 </span>  eb/jump  $main:end/disp8
<span id="L54" class="LineNr"> 54 </span>$run-main:
<span id="L55" class="LineNr"> 55 </span>  <span class="Comment"># allocate space for an exit-descriptor</span>
<span id="L56" class="LineNr"> 56 </span>    <span class="Comment"># var ed/EAX : (address exit-descriptor)</span>
<span id="L57" class="LineNr"> 57 </span>  81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="Comment"># subtract from ESP</span>
<span id="L58" class="LineNr"> 58 </span>  8d/copy-address                 0/mod/indirect  4/rm32/sib    4/base/ESP  4/index/none <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          0/r32/EAX  <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>             <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># copy ESP to EAX</span>
<span id="L59" class="LineNr"> 59 </span>    <span class="Comment"># clear ed-&gt;target (so we really exit)</span>
<span id="L60" class="LineNr"> 60 </span>  c7/copy                         0/mod/direct    0/rm32/EAX   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              0/imm32           <span class="Comment"># copy to *EAX</span>
<span id="L61" class="LineNr"> 61 </span>  <span class="Comment"># compile(Stdin, 1/stdout, 2/stderr, ed)</span>
<span id="L62" class="LineNr"> 62 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L63" class="LineNr"> 63 </span>  50/push-EAX/ed
<span id="L64" class="LineNr"> 64 </span>  68/push  2/imm32/stderr
<span id="L65" class="LineNr"> 65 </span>  68/push  1/imm32/stdout
<span id="L66" class="LineNr"> 66 </span>  68/push  <span class="Special">Stdin</span>/imm32
<span id="L67" class="LineNr"> 67 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L68" class="LineNr"> 68 </span>  e8/call  compile/disp32
<span id="L69" class="LineNr"> 69 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L70" class="LineNr"> 70 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              0x10/imm32        <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L71" class="LineNr"> 71 </span>  <span class="Comment"># syscall(exit, 0)</span>
<span id="L72" class="LineNr"> 72 </span>  bb/copy-to-EBX  0/imm32
<span id="L73" class="LineNr"> 73 </span>$main:end:
<span id="L74" class="LineNr"> 74 </span>  b8/copy-to-EAX  1/imm32/exit
<span id="L75" class="LineNr"> 75 </span>  cd/syscall  0x80/imm8
<span id="L76" class="LineNr"> 76 </span>
<span id="L77" class="LineNr"> 77 </span><span class="Comment"># the main entry point</span>
<span id="L78" class="LineNr"> 78 </span>compile:  <span class="Comment"># in : fd or (address stream), out : fd or (address stream), err : fd or (address stream), ed : (address exit-descriptor) -&gt; &lt;void&gt;</span>
<span id="L79" class="LineNr"> 79 </span>  <span class="Comment"># prolog</span>
<span id="L80" class="LineNr"> 80 </span>  55/push-EBP
<span id="L81" class="LineNr"> 81 </span>  89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          4/r32/ESP  <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>             <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># copy ESP to EBP</span>
<span id="L82" class="LineNr"> 82 </span>  <span class="Comment"># save registers</span>
<span id="L83" class="LineNr"> 83 </span>  50/push-EAX
<span id="L84" class="LineNr"> 84 </span>  51/push-ECX
<span id="L85" class="LineNr"> 85 </span>  <span class="Comment"># Look = get-char(in)</span>
<span id="L86" class="LineNr"> 86 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L87" class="LineNr"> 87 </span>  ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    5/base/EBP  4/index/none <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          8/disp8     <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                   <span class="Comment"># push *(EBP+8)</span>
<span id="L88" class="LineNr"> 88 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L89" class="LineNr"> 89 </span>  e8/call  get-char/disp32
<span id="L90" class="LineNr"> 90 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L91" class="LineNr"> 91 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              4/imm32           <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L92" class="LineNr"> 92 </span>  <span class="Comment"># var num/ECX : (address stream) on the stack</span>
<span id="L93" class="LineNr"> 93 </span>  <span class="Comment"># Numbers can be 32 bits or 8 hex bytes long. One of them will be in 'Look', so we need space for 7 bytes.</span>
<span id="L94" class="LineNr"> 94 </span>  <span class="Comment"># We won't add more, so that we can get overflow-handling for free.</span>
<span id="L95" class="LineNr"> 95 </span>  <span class="Comment"># Add 12 bytes for 'read', 'write' and 'length' fields, for a total of 19 bytes, or 0x13 in hex.</span>
<span id="L96" class="LineNr"> 96 </span>  81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              0x13/imm32        <span class="Comment"># subtract from ESP</span>
<span id="L97" class="LineNr"> 97 </span>  8d/copy-address                 0/mod/indirect  4/rm32/sib    4/base/ESP  4/index/none <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          1/r32/ECX  <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>             <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># copy ESP to ECX</span>
<span id="L98" class="LineNr"> 98 </span>  <span class="Comment"># num-&gt;length = 7</span>
<span id="L99" class="LineNr"> 99 </span>  c7/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   1/rm32/ECX   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          8/disp8         7/imm32           <span class="Comment"># copy to *(ECX+8)</span>
<span id="L100" class="LineNr">100 </span>  <span class="Comment"># clear-stream(num)</span>
<span id="L101" class="LineNr">101 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L102" class="LineNr">102 </span>  51/push-ECX
<span id="L103" class="LineNr">103 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L104" class="LineNr">104 </span>  e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
<span id="L105" class="LineNr">105 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L106" class="LineNr">106 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              4/imm32           <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L107" class="LineNr">107 </span>  <span class="Comment"># get-num(in, num, err, ed)</span>
<span id="L108" class="LineNr">108 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L109" class="LineNr">109 </span>  ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    5/base/EBP  4/index/none <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          0x14/disp8     <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># push *(EBP+20)</span>
<span id="L110" class="LineNr">110 </span>  ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    5/base/EBP  4/index/none <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          0x10/disp8     <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># push *(EBP+16)</span>
<span id="L111" class="LineNr">111 </span>  51/push-ECX/num
<span id="L112" class="LineNr">112 </span>  ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    5/base/EBP  4/index/none <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          8/disp8     <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                   <span class="Comment"># push *(EBP+8)</span>
<span id="L113" class="LineNr">113 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L114" class="LineNr">114 </span>  e8/call  get-num/disp32
<span id="L115" class="LineNr">115 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L116" class="LineNr">116 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              0x10/imm32        <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L117" class="LineNr">117 </span>  <span class="Comment"># EAX = write(_test-stream, &quot;Ab&quot;)</span>
<span id="L118" class="LineNr">118 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L119" class="LineNr">119 </span>  68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;Ab&quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L120" class="LineNr">120 </span>  68/push  _test-stream/imm32
<span id="L121" class="LineNr">121 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L122" class="LineNr">122 </span>  e8/call  write/disp32
<span id="L123" class="LineNr">123 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L124" class="LineNr">124 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L125" class="LineNr">125 </span>  <span class="Comment"># EAX = write(out, &quot;bb/copy-to-EBX  &quot;)</span>
<span id="L126" class="LineNr">126 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L127" class="LineNr">127 </span>  68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;bb/copy-to-EBX  &quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L128" class="LineNr">128 </span>  ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    5/base/EBP  4/index/none <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          0xc/disp8      <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># push *(EBP+12)</span>
<span id="L129" class="LineNr">129 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L130" class="LineNr">130 </span>  e8/call  write/disp32
<span id="L131" class="LineNr">131 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L132" class="LineNr">132 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L133" class="LineNr">133 </span>  <span class="Comment"># write-stream(out, num)</span>
<span id="L134" class="LineNr">134 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L135" class="LineNr">135 </span>  51/push-ECX/num
<span id="L136" class="LineNr">136 </span>  ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    5/base/EBP  4/index/none <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          0xc/disp8      <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># push *(EBP+12)</span>
<span id="L137" class="LineNr">137 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L138" class="LineNr">138 </span>  e8/call  write-stream/disp32
<span id="L139" class="LineNr">139 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L140" class="LineNr">140 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L141" class="LineNr">141 </span>  <span class="Comment"># write(out, Newline)</span>
<span id="L142" class="LineNr">142 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L143" class="LineNr">143 </span>  68/push  <span class="Special">Newline</span>/imm32
<span id="L144" class="LineNr">144 </span>  ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    5/base/EBP  4/index/none <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          0xc/disp8      <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># push *(EBP+12)</span>
<span id="L145" class="LineNr">145 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L146" class="LineNr">146 </span>  e8/call  write/disp32
<span id="L147" class="LineNr">147 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L148" class="LineNr">148 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L149" class="LineNr">149 </span>  <span class="Comment"># EAX = write(out, &quot;b8/copy-to-EAX  1/imm32/exit&quot;)</span>
<span id="L150" class="LineNr">150 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L151" class="LineNr">151 </span>  68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;b8/copy-to-EAX  1/imm32/exit&quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L152" class="LineNr">152 </span>  ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    5/base/EBP  4/index/none <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          0xc/disp8      <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># push *(EBP+12)</span>
<span id="L153" class="LineNr">153 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L154" class="LineNr">154 </span>  e8/call  write/disp32
<span id="L155" class="LineNr">155 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L156" class="LineNr">156 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L157" class="LineNr">157 </span>  <span class="Comment"># EAX = write(out, Newline)</span>
<span id="L158" class="LineNr">158 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L159" class="LineNr">159 </span>  68/push  <span class="Special">Newline</span>/imm32
<span id="L160" class="LineNr">160 </span>  ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    5/base/EBP  4/index/none <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          0xc/disp8      <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># push *(EBP+12)</span>
<span id="L161" class="LineNr">161 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L162" class="LineNr">162 </span>  e8/call  write/disp32
<span id="L163" class="LineNr">163 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L164" class="LineNr">164 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L165" class="LineNr">165 </span>  <span class="Comment"># EAX = write(out, &quot;cd/syscall  0x80/imm8&quot;)</span>
<span id="L166" class="LineNr">166 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L167" class="LineNr">167 </span>  68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;cd/syscall  0x80/imm8&quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L168" class="LineNr">168 </span>  ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    5/base/EBP  4/index/none <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          0xc/disp8      <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># push *(EBP+12)</span>
<span id="L169" class="LineNr">169 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L170" class="LineNr">170 </span>  e8/call  write/disp32
<span id="L171" class="LineNr">171 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L172" class="LineNr">172 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L173" class="LineNr">173 </span>  <span class="Comment"># EAX = write(out, Newline)</span>
<span id="L174" class="LineNr">174 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L175" class="LineNr">175 </span>  68/push  <span class="Special">Newline</span>/imm32
<span id="L176" class="LineNr">176 </span>  ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    5/base/EBP  4/index/none <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          0xc/disp8      <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># push *(EBP+12)</span>
<span id="L177" class="LineNr">177 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L178" class="LineNr">178 </span>  e8/call  write/disp32
<span id="L179" class="LineNr">179 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L180" class="LineNr">180 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L181" class="LineNr">181 </span>  <span class="Comment"># restore registers</span>
<span id="L182" class="LineNr">182 </span>  59/pop-to-ECX
<span id="L183" class="LineNr">183 </span>  58/pop-to-EAX
<span id="L184" class="LineNr">184 </span>  <span class="Comment"># epilog</span>
<span id="L185" class="LineNr">185 </span>  89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          5/r32/EBP  <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>             <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># copy EBP to ESP</span>
<span id="L186" class="LineNr">186 </span>  5d/pop-to-EBP
<span id="L187" class="LineNr">187 </span>  c3/return
<span id="L188" class="LineNr">188 </span>
<span id="L189" class="LineNr">189 </span><span class="Comment"># Read a single digit into 'out'. Abort if there are none, or if there is no space in 'out'.</span>
<span id="L190" class="LineNr">190 </span><span class="Comment"># Input comes from the global variable 'Look', and we leave the next byte from</span>
<span id="L191" class="LineNr">191 </span><span class="Comment"># 'in' into it on exit.</span>
<span id="L192" class="LineNr">192 </span>get-num:  <span class="Comment"># in : (address buffered-file), out : (address stream), err : fd or (address stream), ed : (address exit-descriptor) -&gt; &lt;void&gt;</span>
<span id="L193" class="LineNr">193 </span>  <span class="Comment"># pseudocode:</span>
<span id="L194" class="LineNr">194 </span>  <span class="Comment">#   if !is-digit?(Look) expected(ed, err, &quot;integer&quot;)</span>
<span id="L195" class="LineNr">195 </span>  <span class="Comment">#   if out.write &gt;= out.length</span>
<span id="L196" class="LineNr">196 </span>  <span class="Comment">#     write(err, &quot;Error: too many digits in number\n&quot;)</span>
<span id="L197" class="LineNr">197 </span>  <span class="Comment">#     stop(ed, 1)</span>
<span id="L198" class="LineNr">198 </span>  <span class="Comment">#   out.data[out.write] = LSB(Look)</span>
<span id="L199" class="LineNr">199 </span>  <span class="Comment">#   ++out.write</span>
<span id="L200" class="LineNr">200 </span>  <span class="Comment">#   Look = get-char(in)</span>
<span id="L201" class="LineNr">201 </span>  <span class="Comment">#</span>
<span id="L202" class="LineNr">202 </span>  <span class="Comment"># within the loop we'll try to keep things in registers:</span>
<span id="L203" class="LineNr">203 </span>  <span class="Comment">#   ESI : in</span>
<span id="L204" class="LineNr">204 </span>  <span class="Comment">#   EDI : out</span>
<span id="L205" class="LineNr">205 </span>  <span class="Comment">#   EAX : temp</span>
<span id="L206" class="LineNr">206 </span>  <span class="Comment">#   ECX : out-&gt;write</span>
<span id="L207" class="LineNr">207 </span>  <span class="Comment">#   EDX : out-&gt;length</span>
<span id="L208" class="LineNr">208 </span>  <span class="Comment">#   EBX : temp2</span>
<span id="L209" class="LineNr">209 </span>  <span class="Comment"># We can't allocate Look to a register because it gets written implicitly in</span>
<span id="L210" class="LineNr">210 </span>  <span class="Comment"># get-char in each iteration of the loop. (Thereby demonstrating that it's</span>
<span id="L211" class="LineNr">211 </span>  <span class="Comment"># not the right interface for us. But we'll keep it just to follow Crenshaw.)</span>
<span id="L212" class="LineNr">212 </span>  <span class="Comment">#</span>
<span id="L213" class="LineNr">213 </span>  <span class="Comment"># prolog</span>
<span id="L214" class="LineNr">214 </span>  55/push-EBP
<span id="L215" class="LineNr">215 </span>  89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          4/r32/ESP  <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>             <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># copy ESP to EBP</span>
<span id="L216" class="LineNr">216 </span>  <span class="Comment"># EAX = is-digit?(Look)</span>
<span id="L217" class="LineNr">217 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L218" class="LineNr">218 </span>  ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          <span class="Special">Look</span>/disp32    <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># push *Look</span>
<span id="L219" class="LineNr">219 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L220" class="LineNr">220 </span>  e8/call  is-digit?/disp32
<span id="L221" class="LineNr">221 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L222" class="LineNr">222 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              4/imm32           <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L223" class="LineNr">223 </span>  <span class="Comment"># if EAX == 0 error</span>
<span id="L224" class="LineNr">224 </span>  3d/compare-EAX  0/imm32
<span id="L225" class="LineNr">225 </span>  75/jump-if-not-equal  $get-num:main/disp8
<span id="L226" class="LineNr">226 </span>    <span class="Comment"># expected(ed, err, &quot;integer&quot;)</span>
<span id="L227" class="LineNr">227 </span>      <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L228" class="LineNr">228 </span>  68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;integer&quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L229" class="LineNr">229 </span>  ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    5/base/EBP  4/index/none <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          0x10/disp8     <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># push *(EBP+16)</span>
<span id="L230" class="LineNr">230 </span>  ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    5/base/EBP  4/index/none <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          0x14/disp8     <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># push *(EBP+20)</span>
<span id="L231" class="LineNr">231 </span>      <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L232" class="LineNr">232 </span>  e8/call  expected/disp32  <span class="Comment"># never returns</span>
<span id="L233" class="LineNr">233 </span>      <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L234" class="LineNr">234 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              0xc/imm32         <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L235" class="LineNr">235 </span>$get-num:main:
<span id="L236" class="LineNr">236 </span>  <span class="Comment"># save registers</span>
<span id="L237" class="LineNr">237 </span>  50/push-EAX
<span id="L238" class="LineNr">238 </span>  51/push-ECX
<span id="L239" class="LineNr">239 </span>  52/push-EDX
<span id="L240" class="LineNr">240 </span>  53/push-EBX
<span id="L241" class="LineNr">241 </span>  56/push-ESI
<span id="L242" class="LineNr">242 </span>  57/push-EDI
<span id="L243" class="LineNr">243 </span>  <span class="Comment"># read necessary variables to registers</span>
<span id="L244" class="LineNr">244 </span>    <span class="Comment"># ESI = in</span>
<span id="L245" class="LineNr">245 </span>  8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    5/base/EBP  4/index/none <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          6/r32/ESI   8/disp8        <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># copy *(EBP+8) to ESI</span>
<span id="L246" class="LineNr">246 </span>    <span class="Comment"># EDI = out</span>
<span id="L247" class="LineNr">247 </span>  8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    5/base/EBP  4/index/none <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          7/r32/EDI   0xc/disp8      <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># copy *(EBP+12) to EDI</span>
<span id="L248" class="LineNr">248 </span>    <span class="Comment"># ECX = out-&gt;write</span>
<span id="L249" class="LineNr">249 </span>  8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  7/rm32/EDI   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          1/r32/ECX  <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>             <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># copy *EDI to ECX</span>
<span id="L250" class="LineNr">250 </span>    <span class="Comment"># EDX = out-&gt;length</span>
<span id="L251" class="LineNr">251 </span>  8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   7/rm32/EDI   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          2/r32/EDX   8/disp8        <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># copy *(EDI+8) to EDX</span>
<span id="L252" class="LineNr">252 </span>  <span class="Comment"># if out-&gt;write &gt;= out-&gt;length error</span>
<span id="L253" class="LineNr">253 </span>  3b/compare                      3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ECX   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          2/r32/EDX  <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>             <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># compare EDX with ECX</span>
<span id="L254" class="LineNr">254 </span>  7d/jump-if-lesser  $get-num:stage2/disp8
<span id="L255" class="LineNr">255 </span>    <span class="Comment"># error(ed, err, &quot;get-num: too many digits in number&quot;)  # TODO: show full number</span>
<span id="L256" class="LineNr">256 </span>      <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L257" class="LineNr">257 </span>  68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;get-num: too many digits in number&quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L258" class="LineNr">258 </span>  ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    5/base/EBP  4/index/none <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          0x10/disp8     <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># push *(EBP+16)</span>
<span id="L259" class="LineNr">259 </span>  ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    5/base/EBP  4/index/none <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          0x14/disp8     <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># push *(EBP+20)</span>
<span id="L260" class="LineNr">260 </span>      <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L261" class="LineNr">261 </span>  e8/call  error/disp32  <span class="Comment"># never returns</span>
<span id="L262" class="LineNr">262 </span>      <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L263" class="LineNr">263 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              0xc/imm32         <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L264" class="LineNr">264 </span>$get-num:stage2:
<span id="L265" class="LineNr">265 </span>  <span class="Comment"># out-&gt;data[out-&gt;write] = LSB(Look)</span>
<span id="L266" class="LineNr">266 </span>  8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    7/base/EDI  1/index/ECX  <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          3/r32/EBX   0xc/disp8      <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># copy EDI+ECX+12 to EBX</span>
<span id="L267" class="LineNr">267 </span>  8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          0/r32/EAX   <span class="Special">Look</span>/disp32    <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># copy *Look to EAX</span>
<span id="L268" class="LineNr">268 </span>  88/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/EBX   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          0/r32/AL   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>             <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># copy byte at AL to *EBX</span>
<span id="L269" class="LineNr">269 </span>  <span class="Comment"># ++out-&gt;write</span>
<span id="L270" class="LineNr">270 </span>  41/increment-ECX
<span id="L271" class="LineNr">271 </span>  <span class="Comment"># Look = get-char(in)</span>
<span id="L272" class="LineNr">272 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L273" class="LineNr">273 </span>  56/push-ESI
<span id="L274" class="LineNr">274 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L275" class="LineNr">275 </span>  e8/call  get-char/disp32
<span id="L276" class="LineNr">276 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L277" class="LineNr">277 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              4/imm32           <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L278" class="LineNr">278 </span>$get-num:loop-end:
<span id="L279" class="LineNr">279 </span>  <span class="Comment"># persist necessary variables from registers</span>
<span id="L280" class="LineNr">280 </span>  89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  7/rm32/EDI   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          1/r32/ECX  <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>             <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># copy ECX to *EDI</span>
<span id="L281" class="LineNr">281 </span>  <span class="Comment"># restore registers</span>
<span id="L282" class="LineNr">282 </span>  5f/pop-to-EDI
<span id="L283" class="LineNr">283 </span>  5e/pop-to-ESI
<span id="L284" class="LineNr">284 </span>  5b/pop-to-EBX
<span id="L285" class="LineNr">285 </span>  5a/pop-to-EDX
<span id="L286" class="LineNr">286 </span>  59/pop-to-ECX
<span id="L287" class="LineNr">287 </span>  58/pop-to-EAX
<span id="L288" class="LineNr">288 </span>  <span class="Comment"># epilog</span>
<span id="L289" class="LineNr">289 </span>  89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          5/r32/EBP  <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>             <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># copy EBP to ESP</span>
<span id="L290" class="LineNr">290 </span>  5d/pop-to-EBP
<span id="L291" class="LineNr">291 </span>  c3/return
<span id="L292" class="LineNr">292 </span>
<span id="L293" class="LineNr">293 </span>test-get-num-reads-single-digit:
<span id="L294" class="LineNr">294 </span>  <span class="SalientComment">## check that get-num returns first character if it's a digit</span>
<span id="L295" class="LineNr">295 </span>  <span class="Comment"># This test uses exit-descriptors. Use EBP for setting up local variables.</span>
<span id="L296" class="LineNr">296 </span>  55/push-EBP
<span id="L297" class="LineNr">297 </span>  89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          4/r32/ESP  <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>             <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># copy ESP to EBP</span>
<span id="L298" class="LineNr">298 </span>  <span class="SalientComment">## clear all streams</span>
<span id="L299" class="LineNr">299 </span>  <span class="Comment"># clear-stream(_test-stream)</span>
<span id="L300" class="LineNr">300 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L301" class="LineNr">301 </span>  68/push  _test-stream/imm32
<span id="L302" class="LineNr">302 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L303" class="LineNr">303 </span>  e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
<span id="L304" class="LineNr">304 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L305" class="LineNr">305 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              4/imm32           <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L306" class="LineNr">306 </span>  <span class="Comment"># clear-stream(_test-buffered-file+4)</span>
<span id="L307" class="LineNr">307 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L308" class="LineNr">308 </span>  b8/copy-to-EAX  _test-buffered-file/imm32
<span id="L309" class="LineNr">309 </span>  05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
<span id="L310" class="LineNr">310 </span>  50/push-EAX
<span id="L311" class="LineNr">311 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L312" class="LineNr">312 </span>  e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
<span id="L313" class="LineNr">313 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L314" class="LineNr">314 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              4/imm32           <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L315" class="LineNr">315 </span>  <span class="Comment"># clear-stream(_test-output-stream)</span>
<span id="L316" class="LineNr">316 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L317" class="LineNr">317 </span>  68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
<span id="L318" class="LineNr">318 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L319" class="LineNr">319 </span>  e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
<span id="L320" class="LineNr">320 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L321" class="LineNr">321 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              4/imm32           <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L322" class="LineNr">322 </span>  <span class="Comment"># clear-stream(_test-error-stream)</span>
<span id="L323" class="LineNr">323 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L324" class="LineNr">324 </span>  68/push  _test-error-stream/imm32
<span id="L325" class="LineNr">325 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L326" class="LineNr">326 </span>  e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
<span id="L327" class="LineNr">327 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L328" class="LineNr">328 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              4/imm32           <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L329" class="LineNr">329 </span>  <span class="SalientComment">## initialize 'in'</span>
<span id="L330" class="LineNr">330 </span>  <span class="Comment"># write(_test-stream, &quot;3&quot;)</span>
<span id="L331" class="LineNr">331 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L332" class="LineNr">332 </span>  68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;3&quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L333" class="LineNr">333 </span>  68/push  _test-stream/imm32
<span id="L334" class="LineNr">334 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L335" class="LineNr">335 </span>  e8/call  write/disp32
<span id="L336" class="LineNr">336 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L337" class="LineNr">337 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L338" class="LineNr">338 </span>  <span class="SalientComment">## initialize exit-descriptor 'ed'</span>
<span id="L339" class="LineNr">339 </span>  <span class="Comment"># allocate on stack</span>
<span id="L340" class="LineNr">340 </span>  <span class="Comment"># var ed/EAX : (address exit-descriptor)</span>
<span id="L341" class="LineNr">341 </span>  81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="Comment"># subtract from ESP</span>
<span id="L342" class="LineNr">342 </span>  8d/copy-address                 0/mod/indirect  4/rm32/sib    4/base/ESP  4/index/none <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          0/r32/EAX  <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>             <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># copy ESP to EAX</span>
<span id="L343" class="LineNr">343 </span>  <span class="Comment"># size the exit-descriptor for the call to get-num below</span>
<span id="L344" class="LineNr">344 </span>  <span class="Comment"># tailor-exit-descriptor(ed, 16)</span>
<span id="L345" class="LineNr">345 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L346" class="LineNr">346 </span>  68/push  0x10/imm32/nbytes-of-args-for-get-num
<span id="L347" class="LineNr">347 </span>  50/push-EAX/ed
<span id="L348" class="LineNr">348 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L349" class="LineNr">349 </span>  e8/call  tailor-exit-descriptor/disp32
<span id="L350" class="LineNr">350 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L351" class="LineNr">351 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L352" class="LineNr">352 </span>  <span class="SalientComment">## prime the pump</span>
<span id="L353" class="LineNr">353 </span>  <span class="Comment"># get-char(_test-buffered-file)</span>
<span id="L354" class="LineNr">354 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L355" class="LineNr">355 </span>  68/push  _test-buffered-file/imm32
<span id="L356" class="LineNr">356 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L357" class="LineNr">357 </span>  e8/call  get-char/disp32
<span id="L358" class="LineNr">358 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L359" class="LineNr">359 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              4/imm32           <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L360" class="LineNr">360 </span>  <span class="SalientComment">## get-num(in, out, err, ed)</span>
<span id="L361" class="LineNr">361 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L362" class="LineNr">362 </span>  50/push-EAX/ed
<span id="L363" class="LineNr">363 </span>  68/push  _test-error-stream/imm32
<span id="L364" class="LineNr">364 </span>  68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
<span id="L365" class="LineNr">365 </span>  68/push  _test-buffered-file/imm32
<span id="L366" class="LineNr">366 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L367" class="LineNr">367 </span>  e8/call  get-num/disp32
<span id="L368" class="LineNr">368 </span>  <span class="SalientComment">## registers except ESP may be clobbered at this point</span>
<span id="L369" class="LineNr">369 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L370" class="LineNr">370 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              0x10/imm32        <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L371" class="LineNr">371 </span>  <span class="Comment"># check-ints-equal(*_test-output-stream.data, '3')</span>
<span id="L372" class="LineNr">372 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L373" class="LineNr">373 </span>  68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;F - test-get-num-reads-single-digit&quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L374" class="LineNr">374 </span>  68/push  0x33/imm32
<span id="L375" class="LineNr">375 </span>  b8/copy-to-EAX  _test-output-stream/imm32
<span id="L376" class="LineNr">376 </span>  ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/EAX   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          0xc/disp8      <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># push *(EAX+12)</span>
<span id="L377" class="LineNr">377 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L378" class="LineNr">378 </span>  e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
<span id="L379" class="LineNr">379 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L380" class="LineNr">380 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              0xc/imm32         <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L381" class="LineNr">381 </span>  <span class="Comment"># reclaim locals</span>
<span id="L382" class="LineNr">382 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L383" class="LineNr">383 </span>  5d/pop-to-EBP
<span id="L384" class="LineNr">384 </span>  c3/return
<span id="L385" class="LineNr">385 </span>
<span id="L386" class="LineNr">386 </span>test-get-num-aborts-on-non-digit-in-Look:
<span id="L387" class="LineNr">387 </span>  <span class="SalientComment">## check that get-num returns first character if it's a digit</span>
<span id="L388" class="LineNr">388 </span>  <span class="Comment"># This test uses exit-descriptors. Use EBP for setting up local variables.</span>
<span id="L389" class="LineNr">389 </span>  55/push-EBP
<span id="L390" class="LineNr">390 </span>  89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          4/r32/ESP  <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>             <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># copy ESP to EBP</span>
<span id="L391" class="LineNr">391 </span>  <span class="SalientComment">## clear all streams</span>
<span id="L392" class="LineNr">392 </span>  <span class="Comment"># clear-stream(_test-stream)</span>
<span id="L393" class="LineNr">393 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L394" class="LineNr">394 </span>  68/push  _test-stream/imm32
<span id="L395" class="LineNr">395 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L396" class="LineNr">396 </span>  e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
<span id="L397" class="LineNr">397 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L398" class="LineNr">398 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              4/imm32           <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L399" class="LineNr">399 </span>  <span class="Comment"># clear-stream(_test-buffered-file+4)</span>
<span id="L400" class="LineNr">400 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L401" class="LineNr">401 </span>  b8/copy-to-EAX  _test-buffered-file/imm32
<span id="L402" class="LineNr">402 </span>  05/add-to-EAX  4/imm32
<span id="L403" class="LineNr">403 </span>  50/push-EAX
<span id="L404" class="LineNr">404 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L405" class="LineNr">405 </span>  e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
<span id="L406" class="LineNr">406 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L407" class="LineNr">407 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              4/imm32           <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L408" class="LineNr">408 </span>  <span class="Comment"># clear-stream(_test-output-stream)</span>
<span id="L409" class="LineNr">409 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L410" class="LineNr">410 </span>  68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
<span id="L411" class="LineNr">411 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L412" class="LineNr">412 </span>  e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
<span id="L413" class="LineNr">413 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L414" class="LineNr">414 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              4/imm32           <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L415" class="LineNr">415 </span>  <span class="Comment"># clear-stream(_test-error-stream)</span>
<span id="L416" class="LineNr">416 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L417" class="LineNr">417 </span>  68/push  _test-error-stream/imm32
<span id="L418" class="LineNr">418 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L419" class="LineNr">419 </span>  e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
<span id="L420" class="LineNr">420 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L421" class="LineNr">421 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              4/imm32           <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L422" class="LineNr">422 </span>  <span class="SalientComment">## initialize 'in'</span>
<span id="L423" class="LineNr">423 </span>  <span class="Comment"># write(_test-stream, &quot;3&quot;)</span>
<span id="L424" class="LineNr">424 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L425" class="LineNr">425 </span>  68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;3&quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L426" class="LineNr">426 </span>  68/push  _test-stream/imm32
<span id="L427" class="LineNr">427 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L428" class="LineNr">428 </span>  e8/call  write/disp32
<span id="L429" class="LineNr">429 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L430" class="LineNr">430 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L431" class="LineNr">431 </span>  <span class="SalientComment">## initialize exit-descriptor 'ed'</span>
<span id="L432" class="LineNr">432 </span>  <span class="Comment"># allocate on stack</span>
<span id="L433" class="LineNr">433 </span>  <span class="Comment"># var ed/EAX : (address exit-descriptor)</span>
<span id="L434" class="LineNr">434 </span>  81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="Comment"># subtract from ESP</span>
<span id="L435" class="LineNr">435 </span>  8d/copy-address                 0/mod/indirect  4/rm32/sib    4/base/ESP  4/index/none <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          0/r32/EAX  <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>             <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># copy ESP to EAX</span>
<span id="L436" class="LineNr">436 </span>  <span class="Comment"># size the exit-descriptor for the call to get-num below</span>
<span id="L437" class="LineNr">437 </span>  <span class="Comment"># tailor-exit-descriptor(ed, 16)</span>
<span id="L438" class="LineNr">438 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L439" class="LineNr">439 </span>  68/push  0x10/imm32/nbytes-of-args-for-get-num
<span id="L440" class="LineNr">440 </span>  50/push-EAX/ed
<span id="L441" class="LineNr">441 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L442" class="LineNr">442 </span>  e8/call  tailor-exit-descriptor/disp32
<span id="L443" class="LineNr">443 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L444" class="LineNr">444 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L445" class="LineNr">445 </span>  <span class="SalientComment">## don't initialize Look</span>
<span id="L446" class="LineNr">446 </span>  <span class="SalientComment">## get-num(in, out, err, ed)</span>
<span id="L447" class="LineNr">447 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L448" class="LineNr">448 </span>  50/push-EAX/ed
<span id="L449" class="LineNr">449 </span>  68/push  _test-error-stream/imm32
<span id="L450" class="LineNr">450 </span>  68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
<span id="L451" class="LineNr">451 </span>  68/push  _test-buffered-file/imm32
<span id="L452" class="LineNr">452 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L453" class="LineNr">453 </span>  e8/call  get-num/disp32
<span id="L454" class="LineNr">454 </span>  <span class="SalientComment">## registers except ESP may be clobbered at this point</span>
<span id="L455" class="LineNr">455 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L456" class="LineNr">456 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              0x10/imm32        <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L457" class="LineNr">457 </span>  <span class="SalientComment">## check that get-num tried to call exit(1)</span>
<span id="L458" class="LineNr">458 </span>  <span class="Comment"># check-ints-equal(ed-&gt;value, 2, msg)  # i.e. stop was called with value 1</span>
<span id="L459" class="LineNr">459 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L460" class="LineNr">460 </span>  68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;F - test-get-num-aborts-on-non-digit-in-Look&quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L461" class="LineNr">461 </span>  68/push  2/imm32
<span id="L462" class="LineNr">462 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push ed-&gt;value</span>
<span id="L463" class="LineNr">463 </span>  ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/EAX   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          4/disp8        <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># push *(EAX+4)</span>
<span id="L464" class="LineNr">464 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L465" class="LineNr">465 </span>  e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
<span id="L466" class="LineNr">466 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L467" class="LineNr">467 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              0xc/imm32         <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L468" class="LineNr">468 </span>  <span class="Comment"># reclaim locals</span>
<span id="L469" class="LineNr">469 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L470" class="LineNr">470 </span>  5d/pop-to-EBP
<span id="L471" class="LineNr">471 </span>  c3/return
<span id="L472" class="LineNr">472 </span>
<span id="L473" class="LineNr">473 </span><span class="SalientComment">## helpers</span>
<span id="L474" class="LineNr">474 </span>
<span id="L475" class="LineNr">475 </span><span class="Comment"># write(f, &quot;Error: &quot;+s+&quot; expected\n&quot;) then stop(ed, 1)</span>
<span id="L476" class="LineNr">476 </span>expected:  <span class="Comment"># ed : (address exit-descriptor), f : fd or (address stream), s : (address array byte) -&gt; &lt;void&gt;</span>
<span id="L477" class="LineNr">477 </span>  <span class="Comment"># prolog</span>
<span id="L478" class="LineNr">478 </span>  55/push-EBP
<span id="L479" class="LineNr">479 </span>  89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          4/r32/ESP  <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>             <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># copy ESP to EBP</span>
<span id="L480" class="LineNr">480 </span>  <span class="Comment"># write(f, &quot;Error: &quot;)</span>
<span id="L481" class="LineNr">481 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L482" class="LineNr">482 </span>  68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;Error: &quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L483" class="LineNr">483 </span>  ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    5/base/EBP  4/index/none <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          0xc/disp8      <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># push *(EBP+12)</span>
<span id="L484" class="LineNr">484 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L485" class="LineNr">485 </span>  e8/call  write/disp32
<span id="L486" class="LineNr">486 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L487" class="LineNr">487 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L488" class="LineNr">488 </span>  <span class="Comment"># write(f, s)</span>
<span id="L489" class="LineNr">489 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L490" class="LineNr">490 </span>  ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    5/base/EBP  4/index/none <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          0x10/disp8     <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># push *(EBP+16)</span>
<span id="L491" class="LineNr">491 </span>  ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    5/base/EBP  4/index/none <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          0xc/disp8      <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># push *(EBP+12)</span>
<span id="L492" class="LineNr">492 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L493" class="LineNr">493 </span>  e8/call  write/disp32
<span id="L494" class="LineNr">494 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L495" class="LineNr">495 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L496" class="LineNr">496 </span>  <span class="Comment"># write(f, &quot; expected&quot;)</span>
<span id="L497" class="LineNr">497 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L498" class="LineNr">498 </span>  68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot; expected&quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L499" class="LineNr">499 </span>  ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    5/base/EBP  4/index/none <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          0xc/disp8      <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># push *(EBP+12)</span>
<span id="L500" class="LineNr">500 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L501" class="LineNr">501 </span>  e8/call  write/disp32
<span id="L502" class="LineNr">502 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L503" class="LineNr">503 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L504" class="LineNr">504 </span>  <span class="Comment"># write(f, Newline)</span>
<span id="L505" class="LineNr">505 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L506" class="LineNr">506 </span>  68/push  <span class="Special">Newline</span>/imm32
<span id="L507" class="LineNr">507 </span>  ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    5/base/EBP  4/index/none <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          0xc/disp8      <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># push *(EBP+12)</span>
<span id="L508" class="LineNr">508 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L509" class="LineNr">509 </span>  e8/call  write/disp32
<span id="L510" class="LineNr">510 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L511" class="LineNr">511 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L512" class="LineNr">512 </span>  <span class="Comment"># stop(ed, 1)</span>
<span id="L513" class="LineNr">513 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L514" class="LineNr">514 </span>  68/push  1/imm32
<span id="L515" class="LineNr">515 </span>  ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    5/base/EBP  4/index/none <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          8/disp8        <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># push *(EBP+8)</span>
<span id="L516" class="LineNr">516 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L517" class="LineNr">517 </span>  e8/call  stop/disp32
<span id="L518" class="LineNr">518 </span>  <span class="SalientComment">## should never get past this point</span>
<span id="L519" class="LineNr">519 </span>  <span class="Comment"># epilog</span>
<span id="L520" class="LineNr">520 </span>  89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          5/r32/EBP  <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>             <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># copy EBP to ESP</span>
<span id="L521" class="LineNr">521 </span>  5d/pop-to-EBP
<span id="L522" class="LineNr">522 </span>  c3/return
<span id="L523" class="LineNr">523 </span>
<span id="L524" class="LineNr">524 </span><span class="Comment"># write(f, &quot;Error: &quot;+s+&quot;\n&quot;) then stop(ed, 1)</span>
<span id="L525" class="LineNr">525 </span>error:  <span class="Comment"># ed : (address exit-descriptor), f : fd or (address stream), s : (address array byte) -&gt; &lt;void&gt;</span>
<span id="L526" class="LineNr">526 </span>  <span class="Comment"># prolog</span>
<span id="L527" class="LineNr">527 </span>  55/push-EBP
<span id="L528" class="LineNr">528 </span>  89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          4/r32/ESP  <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>             <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># copy ESP to EBP</span>
<span id="L529" class="LineNr">529 </span>  <span class="Comment"># write(f, &quot;Error: &quot;)</span>
<span id="L530" class="LineNr">530 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L531" class="LineNr">531 </span>  68/push  <span class="Constant">&quot;Error: &quot;</span>/imm32
<span id="L532" class="LineNr">532 </span>  ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    5/base/EBP  4/index/none <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          0xc/disp8      <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># push *(EBP+12)</span>
<span id="L533" class="LineNr">533 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L534" class="LineNr">534 </span>  e8/call  write/disp32
<span id="L535" class="LineNr">535 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L536" class="LineNr">536 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L537" class="LineNr">537 </span>  <span class="Comment"># write(f, s)</span>
<span id="L538" class="LineNr">538 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L539" class="LineNr">539 </span>  ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    5/base/EBP  4/index/none <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          0x10/disp8     <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># push *(EBP+16)</span>
<span id="L540" class="LineNr">540 </span>  ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    5/base/EBP  4/index/none <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          0xc/disp8      <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># push *(EBP+12)</span>
<span id="L541" class="LineNr">541 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L542" class="LineNr">542 </span>  e8/call  write/disp32
<span id="L543" class="LineNr">543 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L544" class="LineNr">544 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L545" class="LineNr">545 </span>  <span class="Comment"># write(f, Newline)</span>
<span id="L546" class="LineNr">546 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L547" class="LineNr">547 </span>  68/push  <span class="Special">Newline</span>/imm32
<span id="L548" class="LineNr">548 </span>  ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    5/base/EBP  4/index/none <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          0xc/disp8      <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># push *(EBP+12)</span>
<span id="L549" class="LineNr">549 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L550" class="LineNr">550 </span>  e8/call  write/disp32
<span id="L551" class="LineNr">551 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L552" class="LineNr">552 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              8/imm32           <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L553" class="LineNr">553 </span>  <span class="Comment"># stop(ed, 1)</span>
<span id="L554" class="LineNr">554 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L555" class="LineNr">555 </span>  68/push  1/imm32
<span id="L556" class="LineNr">556 </span>  ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    5/base/EBP  4/index/none <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          8/disp8        <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># push *(EBP+8)</span>
<span id="L557" class="LineNr">557 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L558" class="LineNr">558 </span>  e8/call  stop/disp32
<span id="L559" class="LineNr">559 </span>  <span class="SalientComment">## should never get past this point</span>
<span id="L560" class="LineNr">560 </span>  <span class="Comment"># epilog</span>
<span id="L561" class="LineNr">561 </span>  89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          5/r32/EBP  <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>             <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># copy EBP to ESP</span>
<span id="L562" class="LineNr">562 </span>  5d/pop-to-EBP
<span id="L563" class="LineNr">563 </span>  c3/return
<span id="L564" class="LineNr">564 </span>
<span id="L565" class="LineNr">565 </span><span class="Comment"># read a byte from 'f', and store it in 'Look'</span>
<span id="L566" class="LineNr">566 </span>get-char:  <span class="Comment"># f : (address buffered-file) -&gt; &lt;void&gt;</span>
<span id="L567" class="LineNr">567 </span>  <span class="Comment"># prolog</span>
<span id="L568" class="LineNr">568 </span>  55/push-EBP
<span id="L569" class="LineNr">569 </span>  89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          4/r32/ESP  <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>             <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># copy ESP to EBP</span>
<span id="L570" class="LineNr">570 </span>  <span class="Comment"># save registers</span>
<span id="L571" class="LineNr">571 </span>  50/push-EAX
<span id="L572" class="LineNr">572 </span>  <span class="Comment"># read-byte(f)</span>
<span id="L573" class="LineNr">573 </span>    <span class="Comment"># push args</span>
<span id="L574" class="LineNr">574 </span>  ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    5/base/EBP  4/index/none <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          0x8/disp8      <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># push *(EBP+8)</span>
<span id="L575" class="LineNr">575 </span>    <span class="Comment"># call</span>
<span id="L576" class="LineNr">576 </span>  e8/call  read-byte/disp32
<span id="L577" class="LineNr">577 </span>    <span class="Comment"># discard args</span>
<span id="L578" class="LineNr">578 </span>  81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>              4/imm32           <span class="Comment"># add to ESP</span>
<span id="L579" class="LineNr">579 </span>  <span class="Comment"># save EAX to Look</span>
<span id="L580" class="LineNr">580 </span>  89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          0/r32/EAX   <span class="Special">Look</span>/disp32    <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># copy EAX to *Look</span>
<span id="L581" class="LineNr">581 </span>  <span class="Comment"># restore registers</span>
<span id="L582" class="LineNr">582 </span>  58/pop-to-EAX
<span id="L583" class="LineNr">583 </span>  <span class="Comment"># epilog</span>
<span id="L584" class="LineNr">584 </span>  89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          5/r32/EBP  <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>             <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># copy EBP to ESP</span>
<span id="L585" class="LineNr">585 </span>  5d/pop-to-EBP
<span id="L586" class="LineNr">586 </span>  c3/return
<span id="L587" class="LineNr">587 </span>
<span id="L588" class="LineNr">588 </span>is-digit?:  <span class="Comment"># c : int -&gt; bool/EAX</span>
<span id="L589" class="LineNr">589 </span>  <span class="Comment"># prolog</span>
<span id="L590" class="LineNr">590 </span>  55/push-EBP
<span id="L591" class="LineNr">591 </span>  89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/EBP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          4/r32/ESP  <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>             <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># copy ESP to EBP</span>
<span id="L592" class="LineNr">592 </span>  <span class="Comment"># EAX = false</span>
<span id="L593" class="LineNr">593 </span>  b8/copy-to-EAX  0/imm32
<span id="L594" class="LineNr">594 </span>  <span class="Comment"># if c &lt; '0' return false</span>
<span id="L595" class="LineNr">595 </span>  81          7/subop/compare     1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    5/base/EBP  4/index/none <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          0x8/disp8       0x30/imm32        <span class="Comment"># compare *(EBP+8)</span>
<span id="L596" class="LineNr">596 </span>  7c/jump-if-lesser  $is-digit?:end/disp8
<span id="L597" class="LineNr">597 </span>  <span class="Comment"># if c &gt; '9' return false</span>
<span id="L598" class="LineNr">598 </span>  81          7/subop/compare     1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    5/base/EBP  4/index/none <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          0x8/disp8       0x39/imm32        <span class="Comment"># compare *(EBP+8)</span>
<span id="L599" class="LineNr">599 </span>  7f/jump-if-greater  $is-digit?:end/disp8
<span id="L600" class="LineNr">600 </span>  <span class="Comment"># otherwise return true</span>
<span id="L601" class="LineNr">601 </span>  b8/copy-to-EAX  1/imm32
<span id="L602" class="LineNr">602 </span>$is-digit?:end:
<span id="L603" class="LineNr">603 </span>  <span class="Comment"># epilog</span>
<span id="L604" class="LineNr">604 </span>  89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/ESP   <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>         <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>           <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>          5/r32/EBP  <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>             <span class="Delimiter"> . </span>                <span class="Comment"># copy EBP to ESP</span>
<span id="L605" class="LineNr">605 </span>  5d/pop-to-EBP
<span id="L606" class="LineNr">606 </span>  c3/return
<span id="L607" class="LineNr">607 </span>
<span id="L608" class="LineNr">608 </span>== data
<span id="L609" class="LineNr">609 </span>
<span id="L610" class="LineNr">610 </span><span class="Special">Look</span>:
<span id="L611" class="LineNr">611 </span>  00 00 00 00
<span id="L612" class="LineNr">612 </span>
<span id="L613" class="LineNr">613 </span>_test-output-stream:
<span id="L614" class="LineNr">614 </span>  <span class="Comment"># current write index</span>
<span id="L615" class="LineNr">615 </span>  00 00 00 00
<span id="L616" class="LineNr">616 </span>  <span class="Comment"># current read index</span>
<span id="L617" class="LineNr">617 </span>  00 00 00 00
<span id="L618" class="LineNr">618 </span>  <span class="Comment"># length (= 8)</span>
<span id="L619" class="LineNr">619 </span>  08 00 00 00
<span id="L620" class="LineNr">620 </span>  <span class="Comment"># data</span>
<span id="L621" class="LineNr">621 </span>  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  <span class="Comment"># 8 bytes</span>
<span id="L622" class="LineNr">622 </span>
<span id="L623" class="LineNr">623 </span>_test-error-stream:
<span id="L624" class="LineNr">624 </span>  <span class="Comment"># current write index</span>
<span id="L625" class="LineNr">625 </span>  00 00 00 00
<span id="L626" class="LineNr">626 </span>  <span class="Comment"># current read index</span>
<span id="L627" class="LineNr">627 </span>  00 00 00 00
<span id="L628" class="LineNr">628 </span>  <span class="Comment"># length (= 8)</span>
<span id="L629" class="LineNr">629 </span>  08 00 00 00
<span id="L630" class="LineNr">630 </span>  <span class="Comment"># data</span>
<span id="L631" class="LineNr">631 </span>  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  <span class="Comment"># 8 bytes</span>
<span id="L632" class="LineNr">632 </span>
<span id="L633" class="LineNr">633 </span><span class="Comment"># vim&#0058;nowrap:textwidth=0</span>
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