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# _write: write to a file descriptor (fd)

== code
#   instruction                     effective address                                                   register    displacement    immediate
# . op          subop               mod             rm32          base        index         scale       r32
# . 1-3 bytes   3 bits              2 bits          3 bits        3 bits      3 bits        2 bits      2 bits      0/1/2/4 bytes   0/1/2/4 bytes

Entry:  # just exit; can't test _write just yet
    bb/copy-to-ebx  0/imm32
    e8/call  syscall_exit/disp32

_write:  # fd: int, s: (addr array byte)
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    # . save registers
    50/push-eax
    51/push-ecx
    52/push-edx
    53/push-ebx
    # syscall(write, fd, (data) s+4, (size) *s)
    # . ebx = fd
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to ebx
    # . var data/ecx: (addr byte) = s+4
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to ecx
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ecx
    # . var size/edx: int = *s
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to edx
    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # copy *edx to edx
    # . syscall
    e8/call  syscall_write/disp32
    # if (eax < 0) abort
    3d/compare-eax-with  0/imm32
    0f 8c/jump-if-<  $_write:abort/disp32
$_write:end:
    # . restore registers
    5b/pop-to-ebx
    5a/pop-to-edx
    59/pop-to-ecx
    58/pop-to-eax
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

$_write:abort:
    # can't write a message here for risk of an infinite loop, so we'll use a special exit code instead
    # . syscall(exit, 255)
    bb/copy-to-ebx  0xff/imm32
    e8/call  syscall_exit/disp32
    # never gets here

# . . vim:nowrap:textwidth=0
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/*
 * (C)opyright MMVI Anselm R. Garbe <garbeam at gmail dot com>
 * See LICENSE file for license details.
 */

#include "dwm.h"
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
#include <X11/Xatom.h>
#include <X11/Xproto.h>

/* static */

static int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
static Bool otherwm;

static void
cleanup()
{
	while(sel) {
		resize(sel, True, TopLeft);
		unmanage(sel);
	}
	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
}

static void
scan()
{
	unsigned int i, num;
	Window *wins, d1, d2;
	XWindowAttributes wa;

	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
				continue;
			if(wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
				continue;
			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable)
				manage(wins[i], &wa);
		}
	}
	if(wins)
		XFree(wins);
}

static int
win_property(Window w, Atom a, Atom t, long l, unsigned char **prop)
{
	int status, format;
	unsigned long res, extra;
	Atom real;

	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, a, 0L, l, False, t, &real, &format,
			&res, &extra, prop);

	if(status != Success || *prop == 0) {
		return 0;
	}
	if(res == 0) {
		free((void *) *prop);
	}
	return res;
}

/*
 * Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
 * is already running.
 */
static int
xerrorstart(Display *dsply, XErrorEvent *ee)
{
	otherwm = True;
	return -1;
}

/* extern */

char stext[1024];
int tsel = DEFTAG;
int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh, bx, by, bw, bh, mw;
Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
Bool running = True;
Bool issel = True;
Client *clients = NULL;
Client *sel = NULL;
Cursor cursor[CurLast];
Display *dpy;
DC dc = {0};
Window root, barwin;

int
getproto(Window w)
{
	int protos = 0;
	int i;
	long res;
	unsigned char *protocols;

	res = win_property(w, wmatom[WMProtocols], XA_ATOM, 20L, &protocols);
	if(res <= 0) {
		return protos;
	}
	for(i = 0; i < res; i++) {
		if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
			protos |= PROTODELWIN;
	}
	free((char *) protocols);
	return protos;
}

void
sendevent(Window w, Atom a, long value)
{
	XEvent e;

	e.type = ClientMessage;
	e.xclient.window = w;
	e.xclient.message_type = a;
	e.xclient.format = 32;
	e.xclient.data.l[0] = value;
	e.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
	XSendEvent(dpy, w, False, NoEventMask, &e);
	XSync(dpy, False);
}

void
quit(Arg *arg)
{
	running = False;
}

/*
 * There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
 * default error handler, which calls exit().
 */
int
xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee)
{
	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess))
		return 0;
	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
		ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit() */
}

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int i;
	unsigned int mask;
	fd_set rd;
	Bool readin = True;
	Window w;
	XEvent ev;
	XSetWindowAttributes wa;

	if(argc == 2 && !strncmp("-v", argv[1], 3)) {
		fputs("dwm-"VERSION", (C)opyright MMVI Anselm R. Garbe\n", stdout);
		exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
	}
	else if(argc != 1)
		eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");

	dpy = XOpenDisplay(0);
	if(!dpy)
		eprint("dwm: cannot connect X server\n");

	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);

	/* check if another WM is already running */
	otherwm = False;
	XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
	/* this causes an error if some other WM is running */
	XSelectInput(dpy, root, SubstructureRedirectMask);
	XSync(dpy, False);

	if(otherwm)
		eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");

	XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);

	/* init atoms */
	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);

	/* init cursors */
	cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);

	grabkeys();

	/* style */
	dc.bg = getcolor(BGCOLOR);
	dc.fg = getcolor(FGCOLOR);
	dc.border = getcolor(BORDERCOLOR);
	setfont(FONT);

	sx = sy = 0;
	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
	mw = (sw * MASTERW) / 100;

	wa.override_redirect = 1;
	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask | ExposureMask;

	bx = by = 0;
	bw = sw;
	dc.h = bh = dc.font.height + 4;
	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, bx, by, bw, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
			CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
			CWOverrideRedirect | CWBackPixmap | CWEventMask, &wa);
	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);

	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, sw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
	drawstatus();

	issel = XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &w, &w, &i, &i, &i, &i, &mask);

	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask | EnterWindowMask | LeaveWindowMask;
	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal];
	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask | CWCursor, &wa);

	strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
	scan();

	/* main event loop, reads status text from stdin as well */
	while(running) {
		FD_ZERO(&rd);
		if(readin)
			FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
		FD_SET(ConnectionNumber(dpy), &rd);

		i = select(ConnectionNumber(dpy) + 1, &rd, 0, 0, 0);
		if(i == -1 && errno == EINTR)
			continue;
		if(i < 0)
			eprint("select failed\n");
		else if(i > 0) {
			if(FD_ISSET(ConnectionNumber(dpy), &rd)) {
				while(XPending(dpy)) {
					XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
					if(handler[ev.type])
						(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
				}
			}
			if(readin && FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
				readin = NULL != fgets(stext, sizeof(stext), stdin);
				if(readin)
					stext[strlen(stext) - 1] = 0;
				else 
					strcpy(stext, "broken pipe");
				drawstatus();
			}
		}
	}

	cleanup();
	XCloseDisplay(dpy);

	return 0;
}