5485 - promote SubX to top-level

1 files changed, 0 insertions, 1071 deletions

diff --git a/022arithmetic.cc b/022arithmetic.cc
deleted file mode 100644
index 05e79e3b..00000000
--- a/022arithmetic.cc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1071 +0,0 @@
-//: Arithmetic primitives
-
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Declarations")
-ADD,
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Numbers")
-put(Recipe_ordinal, "add", ADD);
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Checks")
-case ADD: {
-  // primary goal of these checks is to forbid address arithmetic
-  for (int i = 0;  i < SIZE(inst.ingredients);  ++i) {
-    if (!is_mu_number(inst.ingredients.at(i))) {
-      raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'add' requires number ingredients, but got '" << inst.ingredients.at(i).original_string << "'\n" << end();
-      goto finish_checking_instruction;
-    }
-  }
-  if (SIZE(inst.products) > 1) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'add' yields exactly one product in '" << to_original_string(inst) << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  if (!inst.products.empty() && !is_dummy(inst.products.at(0)) && !is_mu_number(inst.products.at(0))) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'add' should yield a number, but got '" << inst.products.at(0).original_string << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")
-case ADD: {
-  double result = 0;
-  for (int i = 0;  i < SIZE(ingredients);  ++i) {
-    result += ingredients.at(i).at(0);
-  }
-  products.resize(1);
-  products.at(0).push_back(result);
-  break;
-}
-
-:(code)
-void test_add_literal() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- add 23, 34\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing 57 in location 1\n"
-  );
-}
-
-void test_add() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- copy 23\n"
-      "  2:num <- copy 34\n"
-      "  3:num <- add 1:num, 2:num\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing 57 in location 3\n"
-  );
-}
-
-void test_add_multiple() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- add 3, 4, 5\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing 12 in location 1\n"
-  );
-}
-
-void test_add_checks_type() {
-  Hide_errors = true;
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- add 2:bool, 1\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "error: main: 'add' requires number ingredients, but got '2:bool'\n"
-  );
-}
-
-void test_add_checks_return_type() {
-  Hide_errors = true;
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:&:num <- add 2, 2\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "error: main: 'add' should yield a number, but got '1:&:num'\n"
-  );
-}
-
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Declarations")
-SUBTRACT,
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Numbers")
-put(Recipe_ordinal, "subtract", SUBTRACT);
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Checks")
-case SUBTRACT: {
-  if (inst.ingredients.empty()) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'subtract' has no ingredients\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  for (int i = 0;  i < SIZE(inst.ingredients);  ++i) {
-    if (!is_mu_number(inst.ingredients.at(i))) {
-      raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'subtract' requires number ingredients, but got '" << inst.ingredients.at(i).original_string << "'\n" << end();
-      goto finish_checking_instruction;
-    }
-  }
-  if (SIZE(inst.products) > 1) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'subtract' yields exactly one product in '" << to_original_string(inst) << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  if (!inst.products.empty() && !is_dummy(inst.products.at(0)) && !is_mu_number(inst.products.at(0))) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'subtract' should yield a number, but got '" << inst.products.at(0).original_string << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")
-case SUBTRACT: {
-  double result = ingredients.at(0).at(0);
-  for (int i = 1;  i < SIZE(ingredients);  ++i)
-    result -= ingredients.at(i).at(0);
-  products.resize(1);
-  products.at(0).push_back(result);
-  break;
-}
-
-:(code)
-void test_subtract_literal() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- subtract 5, 2\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing 3 in location 1\n"
-  );
-}
-
-void test_subtract() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- copy 23\n"
-      "  2:num <- copy 34\n"
-      "  3:num <- subtract 1:num, 2:num\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing -11 in location 3\n"
-  );
-}
-
-void test_subtract_multiple() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- subtract 6, 3, 2\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing 1 in location 1\n"
-  );
-}
-
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Declarations")
-MULTIPLY,
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Numbers")
-put(Recipe_ordinal, "multiply", MULTIPLY);
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Checks")
-case MULTIPLY: {
-  for (int i = 0;  i < SIZE(inst.ingredients);  ++i) {
-    if (!is_mu_number(inst.ingredients.at(i))) {
-      raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'multiply' requires number ingredients, but got '" << inst.ingredients.at(i).original_string << "'\n" << end();
-      goto finish_checking_instruction;
-    }
-  }
-  if (SIZE(inst.products) > 1) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'multiply' yields exactly one product in '" << to_original_string(inst) << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  if (!inst.products.empty() && !is_dummy(inst.products.at(0)) && !is_mu_number(inst.products.at(0))) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'multiply' should yield a number, but got '" << inst.products.at(0).original_string << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")
-case MULTIPLY: {
-  double result = 1;
-  for (int i = 0;  i < SIZE(ingredients);  ++i) {
-    result *= ingredients.at(i).at(0);
-  }
-  products.resize(1);
-  products.at(0).push_back(result);
-  break;
-}
-
-:(code)
-void test_multiply_literal() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- multiply 2, 3\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing 6 in location 1\n"
-  );
-}
-
-void test_multiply() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- copy 4\n"
-      "  2:num <- copy 6\n"
-      "  3:num <- multiply 1:num, 2:num\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing 24 in location 3\n"
-  );
-}
-
-void test_multiply_multiple() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- multiply 2, 3, 4\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing 24 in location 1\n"
-  );
-}
-
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Declarations")
-DIVIDE,
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Numbers")
-put(Recipe_ordinal, "divide", DIVIDE);
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Checks")
-case DIVIDE: {
-  if (inst.ingredients.empty()) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'divide' has no ingredients\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  for (int i = 0;  i < SIZE(inst.ingredients);  ++i) {
-    if (!is_mu_number(inst.ingredients.at(i))) {
-      raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'divide' requires number ingredients, but got '" << inst.ingredients.at(i).original_string << "'\n" << end();
-      goto finish_checking_instruction;
-    }
-  }
-  if (SIZE(inst.products) > 1) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'divide' yields exactly one product in '" << to_original_string(inst) << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  if (!inst.products.empty() && !is_dummy(inst.products.at(0)) && !is_mu_number(inst.products.at(0))) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'divide' should yield a number, but got '" << inst.products.at(0).original_string << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")
-case DIVIDE: {
-  double result = ingredients.at(0).at(0);
-  for (int i = 1;  i < SIZE(ingredients);  ++i)
-    result /= ingredients.at(i).at(0);
-  products.resize(1);
-  products.at(0).push_back(result);
-  break;
-}
-
-:(code)
-void test_divide_literal() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- divide 8, 2\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing 4 in location 1\n"
-  );
-}
-
-void test_divide() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- copy 27\n"
-      "  2:num <- copy 3\n"
-      "  3:num <- divide 1:num, 2:num\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing 9 in location 3\n"
-  );
-}
-
-void test_divide_multiple() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- divide 12, 3, 2\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing 2 in location 1\n"
-  );
-}
-
-//: Integer division
-
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Declarations")
-DIVIDE_WITH_REMAINDER,
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Numbers")
-put(Recipe_ordinal, "divide-with-remainder", DIVIDE_WITH_REMAINDER);
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Checks")
-case DIVIDE_WITH_REMAINDER: {
-  if (SIZE(inst.ingredients) != 2) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'divide-with-remainder' requires exactly two ingredients, but got '" << to_original_string(inst) << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  if (!is_mu_number(inst.ingredients.at(0)) || !is_mu_number(inst.ingredients.at(1))) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'divide-with-remainder' requires number ingredients, but got '" << to_original_string(inst) << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  if (SIZE(inst.products) > 2) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'divide-with-remainder' yields two products in '" << to_original_string(inst) << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  for (int i = 0;  i < SIZE(inst.products);  ++i) {
-    if (!is_dummy(inst.products.at(i)) && !is_mu_number(inst.products.at(i))) {
-      raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'divide-with-remainder' should yield a number, but got '" << inst.products.at(i).original_string << "'\n" << end();
-      goto finish_checking_instruction;
-    }
-  }
-  break;
-}
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")
-case DIVIDE_WITH_REMAINDER: {
-  products.resize(2);
-  // fractions will be dropped; very large numbers will overflow
-  long long int a = static_cast<long long int>(ingredients.at(0).at(0));
-  long long int b = static_cast<long long int>(ingredients.at(1).at(0));
-  if (b == 0) {
-    raise << maybe(current_recipe_name()) << "divide by zero in '" << to_original_string(current_instruction()) << "'\n" << end();
-    products.resize(2);
-    products.at(0).push_back(0);
-    products.at(1).push_back(0);
-    break;
-  }
-  long long int quotient = a / b;
-  long long int remainder = a % b;
-  products.at(0).push_back(static_cast<double>(quotient));
-  products.at(1).push_back(static_cast<double>(remainder));
-  break;
-}
-
-:(code)
-void test_divide_with_remainder_literal() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num, 2:num <- divide-with-remainder 9, 2\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing 4 in location 1\n"
-      "mem: storing 1 in location 2\n"
-  );
-}
-
-void test_divide_with_remainder() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- copy 27\n"
-      "  2:num <- copy 11\n"
-      "  3:num, 4:num <- divide-with-remainder 1:num, 2:num\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing 2 in location 3\n"
-      "mem: storing 5 in location 4\n"
-  );
-}
-
-void test_divide_with_decimal_point() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- divide 5, 2\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing 2.5 in location 1\n"
-  );
-}
-
-void test_divide_by_zero() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- divide 4, 0\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing inf in location 1\n"
-  );
-}
-
-void test_divide_by_zero_2() {
-  Hide_errors = true;
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- divide-with-remainder 4, 0\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  // integer division can't return floating-point infinity
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "error: main: divide by zero in '1:num <- divide-with-remainder 4, 0'\n"
-  );
-}
-
-//: Bitwise shifts
-
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Declarations")
-SHIFT_LEFT,
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Numbers")
-put(Recipe_ordinal, "shift-left", SHIFT_LEFT);
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Checks")
-case SHIFT_LEFT: {
-  if (SIZE(inst.ingredients) != 2) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'shift-left' requires exactly two ingredients, but got '" << to_original_string(inst) << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  if (!is_mu_number(inst.ingredients.at(0)) || !is_mu_number(inst.ingredients.at(1))) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'shift-left' requires number ingredients, but got '" << to_original_string(inst) << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  if (SIZE(inst.products) > 1) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'shift-left' yields one product in '" << to_original_string(inst) << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  if (!inst.products.empty() && !is_dummy(inst.products.at(0)) && !is_mu_number(inst.products.at(0))) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'shift-left' should yield a number, but got '" << inst.products.at(0).original_string << "'\n" << end();
-    goto finish_checking_instruction;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")
-case SHIFT_LEFT: {
-  // ingredients must be integers
-  int a = static_cast<int>(ingredients.at(0).at(0));
-  int b = static_cast<int>(ingredients.at(1).at(0));
-  products.resize(1);
-  if (b < 0) {
-    raise << maybe(current_recipe_name()) << "second ingredient can't be negative in '" << to_original_string(current_instruction()) << "'\n" << end();
-    products.at(0).push_back(0);
-    break;
-  }
-  products.at(0).push_back(a<<b);
-  break;
-}
-
-:(code)
-void test_shift_left_by_zero() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- shift-left 1, 0\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing 1 in location 1\n"
-  );
-}
-
-void test_shift_left_1() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- shift-left 1, 4\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing 16 in location 1\n"
-  );
-}
-
-void test_shift_left_2() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- shift-left 3, 2\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing 12 in location 1\n"
-  );
-}
-
-void test_shift_left_by_negative() {
-  Hide_errors = true;
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- shift-left 3, -1\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "error: main: second ingredient can't be negative in '1:num <- shift-left 3, -1'\n"
-  );
-}
-
-void test_shift_left_ignores_fractional_part() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- divide 3, 2\n"
-      "  2:num <- shift-left 1:num, 1\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing 2 in location 2\n"
-  );
-}
-
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Declarations")
-SHIFT_RIGHT,
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Numbers")
-put(Recipe_ordinal, "shift-right", SHIFT_RIGHT);
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Checks")
-case SHIFT_RIGHT: {
-  if (SIZE(inst.ingredients) != 2) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'shift-right' requires exactly two ingredients, but got '" << to_original_string(inst) << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  if (!is_mu_number(inst.ingredients.at(0)) || !is_mu_number(inst.ingredients.at(1))) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'shift-right' requires number ingredients, but got '" << to_original_string(inst) << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  if (SIZE(inst.products) > 1) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'shift-right' yields one product in '" << to_original_string(inst) << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  if (!inst.products.empty() && !is_dummy(inst.products.at(0)) && !is_mu_number(inst.products.at(0))) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'shift-right' should yield a number, but got '" << inst.products.at(0).original_string << "'\n" << end();
-    goto finish_checking_instruction;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")
-case SHIFT_RIGHT: {
-  // ingredients must be integers
-  int a = static_cast<int>(ingredients.at(0).at(0));
-  int b = static_cast<int>(ingredients.at(1).at(0));
-  products.resize(1);
-  if (b < 0) {
-    raise << maybe(current_recipe_name()) << "second ingredient can't be negative in '" << to_original_string(current_instruction()) << "'\n" << end();
-    products.at(0).push_back(0);
-    break;
-  }
-  products.at(0).push_back(a>>b);
-  break;
-}
-
-:(code)
-void test_shift_right_by_zero() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- shift-right 1, 0\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing 1 in location 1\n"
-  );
-}
-
-void test_shift_right_1() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- shift-right 1024, 1\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing 512 in location 1\n"
-  );
-}
-
-void test_shift_right_2() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- shift-right 3, 1\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing 1 in location 1\n"
-  );
-}
-
-void test_shift_right_by_negative() {
-  Hide_errors = true;
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- shift-right 4, -1\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "error: main: second ingredient can't be negative in '1:num <- shift-right 4, -1'\n"
-  );
-}
-
-void test_shift_right_ignores_fractional_part() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- divide 3, 2\n"
-      "  2:num <- shift-right 1:num, 1\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing 0 in location 2\n"
-  );
-}
-
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Declarations")
-AND_BITS,
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Numbers")
-put(Recipe_ordinal, "and-bits", AND_BITS);
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Checks")
-case AND_BITS: {
-  if (SIZE(inst.ingredients) != 2) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'and-bits' requires exactly two ingredients, but got '" << to_original_string(inst) << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  if (!is_mu_number(inst.ingredients.at(0)) || !is_mu_number(inst.ingredients.at(1))) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'and-bits' requires number ingredients, but got '" << to_original_string(inst) << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  if (SIZE(inst.products) > 1) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'and-bits' yields one product in '" << to_original_string(inst) << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  if (!inst.products.empty() && !is_dummy(inst.products.at(0)) && !is_mu_number(inst.products.at(0))) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'and-bits' should yield a number, but got '" << inst.products.at(0).original_string << "'\n" << end();
-    goto finish_checking_instruction;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")
-case AND_BITS: {
-  // ingredients must be integers
-  int a = static_cast<int>(ingredients.at(0).at(0));
-  int b = static_cast<int>(ingredients.at(1).at(0));
-  products.resize(1);
-  products.at(0).push_back(a&b);
-  break;
-}
-
-:(code)
-void test_and_bits_1() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- and-bits 8, 3\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing 0 in location 1\n"
-  );
-}
-
-void test_and_bits_2() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- and-bits 3, 2\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing 2 in location 1\n"
-  );
-}
-
-void test_and_bits_3() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- and-bits 14, 3\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing 2 in location 1\n"
-  );
-}
-
-void test_and_bits_negative() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- and-bits -3, 4\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing 4 in location 1\n"
-  );
-}
-
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Declarations")
-OR_BITS,
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Numbers")
-put(Recipe_ordinal, "or-bits", OR_BITS);
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Checks")
-case OR_BITS: {
-  if (SIZE(inst.ingredients) != 2) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'or-bits' requires exactly two ingredients, but got '" << to_original_string(inst) << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  if (!is_mu_number(inst.ingredients.at(0)) || !is_mu_number(inst.ingredients.at(1))) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'or-bits' requires number ingredients, but got '" << to_original_string(inst) << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  if (SIZE(inst.products) > 1) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'or-bits' yields one product in '" << to_original_string(inst) << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  if (!inst.products.empty() && !is_dummy(inst.products.at(0)) && !is_mu_number(inst.products.at(0))) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'or-bits' should yield a number, but got '" << inst.products.at(0).original_string << "'\n" << end();
-    goto finish_checking_instruction;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")
-case OR_BITS: {
-  // ingredients must be integers
-  int a = static_cast<int>(ingredients.at(0).at(0));
-  int b = static_cast<int>(ingredients.at(1).at(0));
-  products.resize(1);
-  products.at(0).push_back(a|b);
-  break;
-}
-
-:(code)
-void test_or_bits_1() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- or-bits 3, 8\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing 11 in location 1\n"
-  );
-}
-
-void test_or_bits_2() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- or-bits 3, 10\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing 11 in location 1\n"
-  );
-}
-
-void test_or_bits_3() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- or-bits 4, 6\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing 6 in location 1\n"
-  );
-}
-
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Declarations")
-XOR_BITS,
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Numbers")
-put(Recipe_ordinal, "xor-bits", XOR_BITS);
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Checks")
-case XOR_BITS: {
-  if (SIZE(inst.ingredients) != 2) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'xor-bits' requires exactly two ingredients, but got '" << to_original_string(inst) << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  if (!is_mu_number(inst.ingredients.at(0)) || !is_mu_number(inst.ingredients.at(1))) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'xor-bits' requires number ingredients, but got '" << to_original_string(inst) << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  if (SIZE(inst.products) > 1) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'xor-bits' yields one product in '" << to_original_string(inst) << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  if (!inst.products.empty() && !is_dummy(inst.products.at(0)) && !is_mu_number(inst.products.at(0))) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'xor-bits' should yield a number, but got '" << inst.products.at(0).original_string << "'\n" << end();
-    goto finish_checking_instruction;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")
-case XOR_BITS: {
-  // ingredients must be integers
-  int a = static_cast<int>(ingredients.at(0).at(0));
-  int b = static_cast<int>(ingredients.at(1).at(0));
-  products.resize(1);
-  products.at(0).push_back(a^b);
-  break;
-}
-
-:(code)
-void test_xor_bits_1() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- xor-bits 3, 8\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing 11 in location 1\n"
-  );
-}
-
-void test_xor_bits_2() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- xor-bits 3, 10\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing 9 in location 1\n"
-  );
-}
-
-void test_xor_bits_3() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- xor-bits 4, 6\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing 2 in location 1\n"
-  );
-}
-
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Declarations")
-FLIP_BITS,
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Numbers")
-put(Recipe_ordinal, "flip-bits", FLIP_BITS);
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Checks")
-case FLIP_BITS: {
-  if (SIZE(inst.ingredients) != 1) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'flip-bits' requires exactly one ingredient, but got '" << to_original_string(inst) << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  if (!is_mu_number(inst.ingredients.at(0))) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'flip-bits' requires a number ingredient, but got '" << to_original_string(inst) << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  if (SIZE(inst.products) > 1) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'flip-bits' yields one product in '" << to_original_string(inst) << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  if (!inst.products.empty() && !is_dummy(inst.products.at(0)) && !is_mu_number(inst.products.at(0))) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'flip-bits' should yield a number, but got '" << inst.products.at(0).original_string << "'\n" << end();
-    goto finish_checking_instruction;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")
-case FLIP_BITS: {
-  // ingredient must be integer
-  int a = static_cast<int>(ingredients.at(0).at(0));
-  products.resize(1);
-  products.at(0).push_back(~a);
-  break;
-}
-
-:(code)
-void test_flip_bits_zero() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- flip-bits 0\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing -1 in location 1\n"
-  );
-}
-
-void test_flip_bits_negative() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- flip-bits -1\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing 0 in location 1\n"
-  );
-}
-
-void test_flip_bits_1() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- flip-bits 3\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing -4 in location 1\n"
-  );
-}
-
-void test_flip_bits_2() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- flip-bits 12\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing -13 in location 1\n"
-  );
-}
-
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Declarations")
-ROUND,
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Numbers")
-put(Recipe_ordinal, "round", ROUND);
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Checks")
-case ROUND: {
-  if (SIZE(inst.ingredients) != 1) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'round' requires exactly one ingredient, but got '" << to_original_string(inst) << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  if (!is_mu_number(inst.ingredients.at(0))) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "first ingredient of 'round' should be a number, but got '" << inst.ingredients.at(0).original_string << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")
-case ROUND: {
-  products.resize(1);
-  products.at(0).push_back(rint(ingredients.at(0).at(0)));
-  break;
-}
-
-:(code)
-void test_round_to_nearest_integer() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- round 12.2\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing 12 in location 1\n"
-  );
-}
-
-void test_round_halves_toward_zero() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- round 12.5\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing 12 in location 1\n"
-  );
-}
-
-void test_round_halves_toward_zero_2() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- round -12.5\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing -12 in location 1\n"
-  );
-}
-
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Declarations")
-TRUNCATE,
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Numbers")
-put(Recipe_ordinal, "truncate", TRUNCATE);
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Checks")
-case TRUNCATE: {
-  if (SIZE(inst.ingredients) != 1) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'truncate' requires exactly one ingredient, but got '" << to_original_string(inst) << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  if (!is_mu_number(inst.ingredients.at(0))) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "first ingredient of 'truncate' should be a number, but got '" << inst.ingredients.at(0).original_string << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")
-case TRUNCATE: {
-  products.resize(1);
-  products.at(0).push_back(trunc(ingredients.at(0).at(0)));
-  break;
-}
-
-:(code)
-void test_truncate_to_nearest_integer() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- truncate 12.2\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing 12 in location 1\n"
-  );
-}
-
-void test_truncate_negative() {
-  run(
-      "def main [\n"
-      "  1:num <- truncate -12.2\n"
-      "]\n"
-  );
-  CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS(
-      "mem: storing -12 in location 1\n"
-  );
-}
-
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Declarations")
-SQUARE_ROOT,
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Numbers")
-put(Recipe_ordinal, "square-root", SQUARE_ROOT);
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Checks")
-case SQUARE_ROOT: {
-  if (SIZE(inst.ingredients) != 1) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'square-root' requires exactly one ingredient, but got '" << to_original_string(inst) << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  if (!is_mu_number(inst.ingredients.at(0))) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "first ingredient of 'square-root' should be a number, but got '" << inst.ingredients.at(0).original_string << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")
-case SQUARE_ROOT: {
-  products.resize(1);
-  products.at(0).push_back(sqrt(ingredients.at(0).at(0)));
-  break;
-}
-
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Declarations")
-CHARACTER_TO_CODE,
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Numbers")
-put(Recipe_ordinal, "character-to-code", CHARACTER_TO_CODE);
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Checks")
-case CHARACTER_TO_CODE: {
-  if (SIZE(inst.ingredients) != 1) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'character-to-code' requires exactly one ingredient, but got '" << to_original_string(inst) << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  if (!is_mu_character(inst.ingredients.at(0))) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "first ingredient of 'character-to-code' should be a character, but got '" << inst.ingredients.at(0).original_string << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  if (SIZE(inst.products) != 1) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'character-to-code' requires exactly one product, but got '" << to_original_string(inst) << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  if (!is_mu_number(inst.products.at(0))) {
-    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "first product of 'character-to-code' should be a number, but got '" << inst.products.at(0).original_string << "'\n" << end();
-    break;
-  }
-  break;
-}
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")
-case CHARACTER_TO_CODE: {
-  double result = 0;
-  for (int i = 0;  i < SIZE(ingredients);  ++i) {
-    result += ingredients.at(i).at(0);
-  }
-  products.resize(1);
-  products.at(0).push_back(result);
-  break;
-}
-
-:(before "End Includes")
-#include <math.h>