table primitives working

  $ ./translate_subx init.linux 0*.subx  &&  ./a.elf test

1 files changed, 489 insertions, 32 deletions

diff --git a/069allocate.subx b/069allocate.subx
index 48d00a36..65a7f166 100644
--- a/069allocate.subx
+++ b/069allocate.subx
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 # very same 'allocate' helper. They just need a new allocation descriptor for
 # their book-keeping.
 #
-# Allocations are returned in a handle, which consists of an allocid and a payload.
-# The allocid helps detect use-after-free errors.
+# Allocations are returned in a handle, which consists of an alloc-id and a payload.
+# The alloc-id helps detect use-after-free errors.
 
 == data
 
@@ -32,6 +32,9 @@ Heap:  # allocation-descriptor
 Heap-size:  # int
   0x400000/imm32/4MB
 
+Next-alloc-id:  # int
+  1/imm32
+
 == code
 #   instruction                     effective address                                                   register    displacement    immediate
 # . op          subop               mod             rm32          base        index         scale       r32
@@ -74,9 +77,10 @@ allocate:  # ad: (addr allocation-descriptor), n: int, out: (addr handle)
     e8/call  allocate-raw/disp32
     # . . discard args
     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
-    # eax = out->payload
+    # eax = out->payload + 4
     8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   0x10/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+16) to eax
     8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(eax+4) to eax
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
     # zero-out(eax, n)
     # . . push args
     ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
@@ -104,26 +108,38 @@ allocate-raw:  # ad: (addr allocation-descriptor), n: int, out: (addr handle)
     51/push-ecx
     52/push-edx
     53/push-ebx
+    56/push-esi
+    57/push-edi
     # ecx = ad
     8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to ecx
     # edx = out
     8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   0x10/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+16) to edx
     # ebx = n
     8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to ebx
-    # out->allocid = 0
-    c7          0/subop/copy        0/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           .           .               0/imm32           # copy to *edx
+    # out->alloc-id = Next-alloc-id
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           0/r32/eax   Next-alloc-id/disp32              # copy *Next-alloc-id to eax
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to *edx
     # out->payload = ad->curr
     8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *ecx to eax
     89/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax to *(edx+4)
+    # *out->payload = Next-alloc-id
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           7/r32/edi   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(edx+4) to edi
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           6/r32/esi   Next-alloc-id/disp32              # copy *Next-alloc-id to esi
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   .               .                 # copy esi to *edi
+    # increment *Next-alloc-id
+    ff          0/subop/increment   0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Next-alloc-id/disp32              # increment *Next-alloc-id
     # check if there's enough space
+    # TODO: move this check up before any state updates when we support error recovery
     8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  3/index/ebx   .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ebx+4 to eax
     3b/compare                      1/mod/*+disp8   1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # compare eax with *(ecx+4)
     73/jump-if->=-signed  $allocate-raw:abort/disp8
 $allocate-raw:commit:
-    # update ad->curr
+    # ad->curr += n+4
     89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to *ecx
 $allocate-raw:end:
     # . restore registers
+    5f/pop-to-edi
+    5e/pop-to-esi
     5b/pop-to-ebx
     5a/pop-to-edx
     59/pop-to-ecx
@@ -152,14 +168,26 @@ test-allocate-raw-success:
     # . prologue
     55/push-ebp
     89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
-    # var ad/ecx: allocation-descriptor = {11, 32}
-    68/push  0x20/imm32/limit
-    68/push  0xb/imm32/curr
+    # var ad/ecx: allocation-descriptor
+    68/push  0/imm32/limit
+    68/push  0/imm32/curr
     89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # ad = new-segment(512)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    68/push  0x200/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  new-segment/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # var expected-payload/ebx = ad->curr
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # copy *ecx to ebx
     # var h/edx: handle = {0, 0}
     68/push  0/imm32
     68/push  0/imm32
     89/copy                         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to edx
+    # *Next-alloc-id = 0x34
+    c7          0/subop/copy        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Next-alloc-id/disp32  0x34/imm32  # copy to *Next-alloc-id
     # allocate-raw(ad, 3, h)
     # . . push args
     52/push-edx
@@ -169,66 +197,228 @@ test-allocate-raw-success:
     e8/call  allocate-raw/disp32
     # . . discard args
     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
-    # eax = h->payload
-    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(edx+4) to eax
-    # check-ints-equal(eax, 11, msg)
+    # check-ints-equal(h->alloc-id, 0x34, msg)
     # . . push args
-    68/push  "F - test-allocate-raw-success: returns current pointer of allocation descriptor"/imm32
-    68/push  0xb/imm32
-    50/push-eax
+    68/push  "F - test-allocate-raw-success: sets alloc-id in handle"/imm32
+    68/push  0x34/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(h->payload, expected-payload, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-allocate-raw-success: sets payload in handle"/imm32
+    53/push-ebx
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(edx+4)
     # . . call
     e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
     # . . discard args
     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
-    # check-ints-equal(ad->curr, 18, msg)
+    # check-ints-equal(h->payload->alloc-id, 0x34, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-allocate-raw-success: sets alloc-id in payload"/imm32
+    68/push  0x34/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ebx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(*Next-alloc-id, 0x35, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-allocate-raw-success: increments Next-alloc-id"/imm32
+    68/push  0x35/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Next-alloc-id/disp32              # push *Next-alloc-id
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(ad->curr - expected-payload, 3 + 4 for alloc-id, msg)
     # . . push args
     68/push  "F - test-allocate-raw-success: updates allocation descriptor"/imm32
-    68/push  0x12/imm32
-    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ecx
+    68/push  7/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *ecx to eax
+    29/subtract                     3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # subtract ebx from eax
+    50/push-eax
     # . . call
     e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
     # . . discard args
     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # clean up
+    c7          0/subop/copy        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Next-alloc-id/disp32  1/imm32     # copy to *Next-alloc-id
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+lookup:  # h: (handle T) -> eax: (addr T)
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    51/push-ecx
+    # ecx = handle->alloc_id
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to ecx
+    # eax = handle->address (payload)
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to eax
+    # if (ecx != *eax) abort
+    39/compare                      0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # compare *eax and ecx
+    75/jump-if-!=  $lookup:abort/disp8
+    # add 4 to eax
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+$lookup:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    59/pop-to-ecx
     # . epilogue
     89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
     5d/pop-to-ebp
     c3/return
 
-_pending-test-allocate-raw-failure:
+$lookup:abort:
+    # . _write(2/stderr, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "lookup failed\n"/imm32
+    68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  _write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . syscall(exit, 1)
+    bb/copy-to-ebx  1/imm32/exit-status
+    b8/copy-to-eax  1/imm32/exit
+    cd/syscall  0x80/imm8
+
+test-lookup-success:
     # . prologue
     55/push-ebp
     89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
-    # var ad/ecx: allocation-descriptor = {11, 15}
-    68/push  0xf/imm32/limit
-    68/push  0xb/imm32/curr
+    # . save registers
+    # var ad/ebx: allocation-descriptor
+    68/push  0/imm32/limit
+    68/push  0/imm32/curr
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebx
+    # ad = new-segment(512)
+    # . . push args
+    53/push-ebx
+    68/push  0x200/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  new-segment/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # var handle/ecx: handle
+    68/push  0/imm32/address
+    68/push  0/imm32/alloc-id
     89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
-    # var eax: (handle byte) = allocate-raw(ad, 6)
+    # var old-top/edx = ad->curr
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # copy *ebx to edx
+    # allocate-raw(ad, 2, handle)
     # . . push args
-    68/push  6/imm32
     51/push-ecx
+    68/push  2/imm32/size
+    53/push-ebx
     # . . call
     e8/call  allocate-raw/disp32
     # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # eax = lookup(handle)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ecx+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  lookup/disp32
+    # . . discard args
     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
-    # check-ints-equal(eax, 0, msg)
+    # eax contains old top of heap, except skipping the alloc-id in the payload
+    # . check-ints-equal(eax, old-top+4, msg)
     # . . push args
-    68/push  "F - test-allocate-raw-failure: returns null"/imm32
-    68/push  0/imm32
+    68/push  "F - test-lookup-success"/imm32
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to edx
+    52/push-edx
     50/push-eax
     # . . call
     e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
     # . . discard args
     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
-    # no change to ad->curr
-    # . check-ints-equal(ad->curr, 11)
+    # clean up
+    # . *Next-alloc-id = 1
+    c7          0/subop/copy        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .     Next-alloc-id/disp32  1/imm32           # copy to *Next-alloc-id
+    # . restore registers
+    5a/pop-to-edx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+_pending-test-lookup-failure:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # var heap/esi: allocation-descriptor
+    68/push  0/imm32/limit
+    68/push  0/imm32/curr
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to esi
+    # heap = new-segment(512)
     # . . push args
-    68/push  "F - test-allocate-raw-failure: updates allocation descriptor"/imm32
-    68/push  0xb/imm32
-    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ecx
+    56/push-esi
+    68/push  0x200/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  new-segment/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # var h1/ecx: handle
+    68/push  0/imm32/address
+    68/push  0/imm32/alloc-id
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # var old_top/ebx = heap->curr
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # copy *esi to ebx
+    # first allocation, to h1
+    # . allocate(heap, 2, h1)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    68/push  2/imm32/size
+    56/push-esi
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  allocate/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # reset heap->curr to mimic reclamation
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # copy ebx to *esi
+    # second allocation that returns the same address as the first
+    # var h2/edx: handle
+    68/push  0/imm32/address
+    68/push  0/imm32/alloc-id
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to edx
+    # . allocate(heap, 2, h2)
+    # . . push args
+    52/push-edx
+    68/push  2/imm32/size
+    56/push-esi
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  allocate/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(h1->address, h2->address, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-lookup-failure"/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   2/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(edx+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ecx+4)
     # . . call
     e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
     # . . discard args
     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # lookup(h1) should crash
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ecx+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  lookup/disp32
+    # should never get past this point
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # clean up
+    # . *Next-alloc-id = 1
+    c7          0/subop/copy        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .     Next-alloc-id/disp32  1/imm32           # copy to *Next-alloc-id
     # . epilogue
     89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
     5d/pop-to-ebp
@@ -254,6 +444,8 @@ allocate-region:  # ad: (addr allocation-descriptor), n: int, out: (addr handle
     # eax = out->payload
     8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   0x10/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+16) to eax
     8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(eax+4) to eax
+    # skip payload->allocid
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
     # if (eax == 0) abort
     3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32
     74/jump-if-=  $allocate-region:abort/disp8
@@ -321,6 +513,9 @@ allocate-array:  # ad: (addr allocation-descriptor), n: int, out: (addr handle)
     # *out->payload = n
     8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   0x10/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+16) to eax
     8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(eax+4) to eax
+    # . skip payload->allocid
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # .
     89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy ecx to *eax
 $allocate-array:end:
     # . restore registers
@@ -332,6 +527,268 @@ $allocate-array:end:
     5d/pop-to-ebp
     c3/return
 
+test-allocate-array:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # var ad/ecx: allocation-descriptor
+    68/push  0/imm32/limit
+    68/push  0/imm32/curr
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # ad = new-segment(512)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    68/push  0x200/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  new-segment/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # var expected-payload/ebx = ad->curr
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # copy *ecx to ebx
+    # var h/edx: handle = {0, 0}
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to edx
+    # *Next-alloc-id = 0x34
+    c7          0/subop/copy        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Next-alloc-id/disp32  0x34/imm32  # copy to *Next-alloc-id
+    # allocate-array(ad, 3, h)
+    # . . push args
+    52/push-edx
+    68/push  3/imm32
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  allocate-array/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(h->alloc-id, 0x34, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-allocate-array: sets alloc-id in handle"/imm32
+    68/push  0x34/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(h->payload, expected-payload, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-allocate-array: sets payload in handle"/imm32
+    53/push-ebx
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(edx+4)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(h->payload->alloc-id, 0x34, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-allocate-array: sets alloc-id in payload"/imm32
+    68/push  0x34/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ebx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(h->payload->size, 3, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-allocate-array: sets array size in payload"/imm32
+    68/push  3/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ebx+4)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(*Next-alloc-id, 0x35, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-allocate-array: increments Next-alloc-id"/imm32
+    68/push  0x35/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Next-alloc-id/disp32              # push *Next-alloc-id
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(ad->curr - expected-payload, 3 + 4 for alloc-id + 4 for array size, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-allocate-array: updates allocation descriptor"/imm32
+    68/push  0xb/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *ecx to eax
+    29/subtract                     3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # subtract ebx from eax
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # clean up
+    c7          0/subop/copy        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Next-alloc-id/disp32  1/imm32     # copy to *Next-alloc-id
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+copy-array:  # ad: (addr allocation-descriptor), src: (addr array), out: (addr handle)
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    50/push-eax
+    51/push-ecx
+    52/push-edx
+    56/push-esi
+    # esi = src
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to esi
+    # var size/ecx: int = src->size+4
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *esi to ecx
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ecx
+    # allocate(ad, size, out)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x10/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+16)
+    51/push-ecx
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  allocate/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # var payload/eax: (addr byte) = out->payload
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   0x10/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+16) to eax
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(eax+4) to eax
+    # . skip payload->allocid
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # var max/ecx: (addr byte) = payload + size
+    01/add                          3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # add eax to ecx
+    # _append-4(payload, max, src, &src->data[src->size])
+    # . . push &src->data[src->size]
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # copy *esi to edx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  2/index/edx   .           2/r32/edx   4/disp8         .                 # copy esi+edx+4 to edx
+    52/push-edx
+    # . . push src
+    56/push-esi
+    # . . push max
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . push payload
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  _append-4/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x10/imm32        # add to esp
+$copy-array:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    5e/pop-to-esi
+    5a/pop-to-edx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    58/pop-to-eax
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-copy-array:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # var src/esi: (addr array int) = [3, 4, 5]
+    68/push  5/imm32
+    68/push  4/imm32
+    68/push  3/imm32
+    68/push  0xc/imm32/size
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to esi
+    # var ad/ecx: allocation-descriptor
+    68/push  0/imm32/limit
+    68/push  0/imm32/curr
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # ad = new-segment(512)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    68/push  0x200/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  new-segment/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # var expected-payload/ebx = ad->curr
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # copy *ecx to ebx
+    # var h/edx: handle = {0, 0}
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to edx
+    # *Next-alloc-id = 0x34
+    c7          0/subop/copy        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Next-alloc-id/disp32  0x34/imm32  # copy to *Next-alloc-id
+    # copy-array(ad, src, h)
+    # . . push args
+    52/push-edx
+    56/push-esi
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  copy-array/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(h->alloc-id, 0x34, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-copy-array: sets alloc-id in handle"/imm32
+    68/push  0x34/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(h->payload, expected-payload, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-copy-array: sets payload in handle"/imm32
+    53/push-ebx
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(edx+4)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(h->payload->alloc-id, 0x34, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-copy-array: sets alloc-id in payload"/imm32
+    68/push  0x34/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # var payload/eax: (addr int) = lookup(h)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(edx+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  lookup/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(payload->size, 0xc, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-copy-array: sets array size in payload"/imm32
+    68/push  0xc/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(*Next-alloc-id, 0x35, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-copy-array: increments Next-alloc-id"/imm32
+    68/push  0x35/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Next-alloc-id/disp32              # push *Next-alloc-id
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(ad->curr - expected-payload, 12 + 4 for alloc-id + 4 for length, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-copy-array: updates allocation descriptor"/imm32
+    68/push  0x14/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *ecx to eax
+    29/subtract                     3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # subtract ebx from eax
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # clean up
+    c7          0/subop/copy        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Next-alloc-id/disp32  1/imm32     # copy to *Next-alloc-id
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
 # Fill a region of memory with zeroes.
 zero-out:  # start: (addr byte), len: int
     # pseudocode: