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authorKartik Agaram <vc@akkartik.com>2020-12-28 12:09:36 -0800
committerKartik Agaram <vc@akkartik.com>2020-12-28 12:14:15 -0800
commit2107d5f1f1b7dd27040685c0ebdbe2a199ad91d3 (patch)
tree9130c09c1372c89f28d1089f495e298353a63b96
parenta51af593b01ca655605c896b03b27bbb8d3b5e07 (diff)
downloadmu-2107d5f1f1b7dd27040685c0ebdbe2a199ad91d3.tar.gz
7443
A new phase for baremetal compilations. Doesn't work yet, but it passes
all its tests, so we can add it to CI.
-rwxr-xr-xapps/survey_baremetalbin0 -> 56701 bytes
-rw-r--r--apps/survey_baremetal.subx4772
-rwxr-xr-xtest_apps17
-rwxr-xr-xtest_apps_emulated13
4 files changed, 4802 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/apps/survey_baremetal b/apps/survey_baremetal
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..67808f49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/survey_baremetal
Binary files differdiff --git a/apps/survey_baremetal.subx b/apps/survey_baremetal.subx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..69b9790d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/survey_baremetal.subx
@@ -0,0 +1,4772 @@
+# Assign addresses (co-ordinates) to instructions (landmarks) in a program
+# (landscape).
+# Use the addresses assigned to replace labels.
+#
+# To build:
+#   $ ./bootstrap translate init.linux [01]*.subx apps/subx-params.subx apps/survey_baremetal.subx  -o apps/survey_baremetal
+#
+# The expected input is a stream of bytes and some interspersed labels.
+# Comments and '==' segment headers are allowed, but ignored. The emitted code
+# will all lie in a single header, and start at address 0x8800.
+#   $ cat x
+#   == code
+#   l1:
+#   aa bb l1/imm8
+#   cc dd l2/disp32
+#   l2:
+#   ee foo/imm32
+#   == data
+#   foo:
+#     00
+#
+# The output is the stream of bytes without segment headers or label definitions,
+# and with label references replaced with numeric values/displacements.
+#
+#   $ cat x  |./bootstrap run apps/survey_baremetal
+#   aa bb nn  # some computed address
+#   cc dd nn nn nn nn  # some computed displacement
+#   ee nn nn nn nn  # address right after this instruction
+#   # data segment interleaved with code
+#   00
+
+== code
+#   instruction                     effective address                                                   register    displacement    immediate
+# . op          subop               mod             rm32          base        index         scale       r32
+# . 1-3 bytes   3 bits              2 bits          3 bits        3 bits      3 bits        2 bits      2 bits      0/1/2/4 bytes   0/1/2/4 bytes
+
+Entry:  # run tests if necessary, convert stdin if not
+    # . prologue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+
+    # Heap = new-segment(Heap-size)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  Heap/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Heap-size/disp32                  # push *Heap-size
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  new-segment/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # initialize-trace-stream(Trace-size)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-size/disp32                 # push *Heap-size
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  initialize-trace-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+
+    # - if argc > 1 and argv[1] == "test", then return run_tests()
+    # if (argc <= 1) goto interactive
+    81          7/subop/compare     1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0/disp8         1/imm32           # compare *ebp
+    7e/jump-if-<=  $subx-survey-main:interactive/disp8
+    # if (!kernel-string-equal?(argv[1], "test")) goto interactive
+    # . eax = kernel-string-equal?(argv[1], "test")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "test"/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  kernel-string-equal?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . if (eax == false) goto interactive
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
+    74/jump-if-=  $subx-survey-main:interactive/disp8
+    # run-tests()
+    e8/call  run-tests/disp32
+    # syscall(exit, *Num-test-failures)
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           3/r32/ebx   Num-test-failures/disp32          # copy *Num-test-failures to ebx
+    eb/jump  $subx-survey-main:end/disp8
+$subx-survey-main:interactive:
+    # - otherwise convert stdin
+    # subx-survey(Stdin, Stdout)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  Stdout/imm32
+    68/push  Stdin/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  subx-survey/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, Trace-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # syscall(exit, 0)
+    bb/copy-to-ebx  0/imm32
+$subx-survey-main:end:
+    e8/call  syscall_exit/disp32
+
+# data structures:
+#   segment-info: {address, file-offset, size}                                  (12 bytes)
+#   segments: (addr stream {(handle array byte), segment-info})                 (20 bytes per row)
+#   label-info: {segment-name: (handle array byte), segment-offset, address}    (16 bytes)
+#   labels: (addr stream {(handle array byte), label-info})                     (24 bytes per row)
+# these are all inefficient, using sequential scans for lookups
+
+subx-survey:  # infile: (addr buffered-file), out: (addr buffered-file)
+    # pseudocode
+    #   var in: (stream byte Input-size)
+    #   slurp(infile, in)
+    #   var segments: (stream {segment-name, segment-info})
+    #   var labels: (stream {label-name, label-info} Max-labels)
+    #   compute-offsets(in, segments, labels)
+    #   compute-addresses(segments, labels)
+    #   rewind-stream(in)
+    #   emit-output(in, out, segments, labels)
+    #
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    51/push-ecx
+    52/push-edx
+    56/push-esi
+    # var segments/ecx: (stream {string, segment-info} 200)   # 10 rows * 20 bytes/row
+    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc8/imm32        # subtract from esp
+    68/push  0xc8/imm32/size
+    68/push  0/imm32/read
+    68/push  0/imm32/write
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # var labels/edx: (stream label-info Max-labels)
+    # . data
+    2b/subtract                     0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           4/r32/esp   Max-labels/disp32                 # subtract *Max-labels from esp
+    # . size
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Max-labels/disp32                 # push *Max-labels
+    # . read
+    68/push  0/imm32/read
+    # . write
+    68/push  0/imm32/write
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to edx
+    # var in/esi: (stream byte Input-size)
+    # . data
+    2b/subtract                     0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           4/r32/esp   Input-size/disp32                 # subtract *Input-size from esp
+    # . size
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Input-size/disp32                 # push *Input-size
+    # . read
+    68/push  0/imm32/read
+    # . write
+    68/push  0/imm32/write
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to esi
+    # slurp(infile, in)
+    # . . push args
+    56/push-esi
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  slurp/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # compute-offsets(in, segments, labels)
+    # . . push args
+    52/push-edx
+    51/push-ecx
+    56/push-esi
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  compute-offsets/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # compute-addresses(segments, labels)
+    # . . push args
+    52/push-edx
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  compute-addresses/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # rewind-stream(in)
+    # . . push args
+    56/push-esi
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  rewind-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # emit-output(in, out, segments, labels)
+    # . . push args
+    52/push-edx
+    51/push-ecx
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
+    56/push-esi
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  emit-output/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x10/imm32        # add to esp
+    # flush(out)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+$subx-survey:end:
+    # . reclaim locals
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xec/imm32        # add to esp
+    03/add                          0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           4/r32/esp   Max-labels/disp32                 # add *Max-labels to esp
+    03/add                          0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           4/r32/esp   Input-size/disp32                 # add *Input-size to esp
+    # . restore registers
+    5e/pop-to-esi
+    5a/pop-to-edx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-subx-survey-computes-addresses:
+    # input:
+    #   == code 0x1
+    #   Entry:
+    #   ab x/imm32
+    #   == data 0x1000
+    #   x:
+    #     01
+    #
+    # trace contains (in any order):
+    #   label x is at address 0x1079
+    #   segment code starts at address 0x74
+    #   segment code has size 5
+    #   segment data starts at address 0x1079
+    #
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream($_test-input-buffered-file->buffer)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  $_test-input-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream($_test-output-buffered-file->buffer)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  $_test-output-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # initialize input
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "== code 0x1\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "== code 0x1\n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "Entry:\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "Entry:\n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "ab x/imm32\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "ab x/imm32\n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "== data 0x1000\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "== data 0x1000\n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "x:\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "x:\n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "01\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "01\n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # subx-survey(_test-input-buffered-file, _test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  subx-survey/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check trace
+#?     # dump *Trace-stream {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, *Trace-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # . check-trace-contains("label 'x' is at address 0x00001079.", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-subx-survey-computes-addresses/0"/imm32
+    68/push  "label 'x' is at address 0x00001079."/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . check-trace-contains("segment 'code' starts at address 0x00000074.", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-subx-survey-computes-addresses/1"/imm32
+    68/push  "segment 'code' starts at address 0x00000074."/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . check-trace-contains("segment 'code' has size 0x00000005.", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-subx-survey-computes-addresses/2"/imm32
+    68/push  "segment 'code' has size 0x00000005."/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . check-trace-contains("segment 'data' starts at address 0x00001079.", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-subx-survey-computes-addresses/3"/imm32
+    68/push  "segment 'data' starts at address 0x00001079."/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+# global scratch space for compute-offsets in the data segment
+== data
+
+compute-offsets:file-offset:  # int
+  0/imm32
+compute-offsets:segment-offset:  # int
+  0/imm32
+compute-offsets:segment-tmp:  # slice
+  0/imm32/start
+  0/imm32/end
+
+== code
+
+# write segments->file-offset,
+#       segments->size,
+#       labels->segment-name, and
+#       labels->segment-offset
+compute-offsets:  # in: (addr stream byte), segments: (addr stream {(handle array byte), segment-info}), labels: (addr stream {(handle array byte), label-info})
+    # skeleton:
+    #   for lines in 'in'
+    #     for words in line
+    #       switch word
+    #         case 1
+    #         case 2
+    #         ...
+    #         default
+    #
+    # pseudocode:
+    #   var curr-segment-name: (handle array byte)
+    #   var file-offset = 0
+    #   var segment-offset = 0
+    #   var line: (stream byte 512)
+    #   var sinfo: (addr segment-info)
+    #   var linfo: (addr label-info)
+    #   while true                                  # line loop
+    #     clear-stream(line)
+    #     read-line(in, line)
+    #     if (line->write == 0) break               # end of file
+    #     while true                                # word loop
+    #       word-slice = next-word(line)
+    #       if slice-empty?(word-slice)             # end of line
+    #         break
+    #       else if slice-starts-with?(word-slice, "#")  # comment
+    #         break                                 # end of line
+    #       else if slice-equal?(word-slice, "==")
+    #         if *curr-segment-name != 0
+    #           sinfo = get-or-insert-handle(segments, curr-segment-name)
+    #           sinfo->size = file-offset - sinfo->file-offset
+    #           trace("segment '", curr-segment-name, "' has size ", sinfo->size)
+    #         segment-tmp = next-word(line)
+    #         if slice-empty?(segment-tmp)
+    #           abort
+    #         curr-segment-name = slice-to-string(segment-tmp)
+    #         segment-tmp = next-word(line)
+    #         if slice-empty?(segment-tmp)
+    #           abort
+    #         sinfo = get-or-insert-handle(segments, curr-segment-name)
+    #         sinfo->starting-address = parse-hex-int-from-slice(segment-tmp)
+    #         sinfo->file-offset = file-offset
+    #         trace("segment '", curr-segment-name, "' is at file offset ", sinfo->file-offset)
+    #         segment-offset = 0
+    #         break  (next line)
+    #       else if is-label?(word-slice)
+    #         strip trailing ':' from word-slice
+    #         linfo: (addr label-info) = get-or-insert-slice(labels, word-slice)
+    #         linfo->segment-name = curr-segment-name
+    #         trace("label '", word-slice, "' is in segment '", curr-segment-name, "'.")
+    #         linfo->segment-offset = segment-offset
+    #         trace("label '", word-slice, "' is at segment offset ", segment-offset, ".")
+    #         # labels occupy no space, so no need to increment offsets
+    #       else
+    #         width = compute-width-of-slice(word-slice)
+    #         segment-offset += width
+    #         file-offset += width
+    #   sinfo = get-or-insert-handle(segments, curr-segment-name)
+    #   sinfo->size = file-offset - sinfo->file-offset
+    #
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    50/push-eax
+    51/push-ecx
+    52/push-edx
+    53/push-ebx
+    56/push-esi
+    57/push-edi
+    # var curr-segment-name/esi: (handle array byte)
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to esi
+    # file-offset = 0
+    c7          0/subop/copy        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           compute-offsets:file-offset/disp32  0/imm32  # copy to *compute-offsets:file-offset
+    # segment-offset = 0
+    c7          0/subop/copy        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           compute-offsets:segment-offset/disp32  0/imm32  # copy to *compute-offsets:segment-offset
+    # var line/ecx: (stream byte 512)
+    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x200/imm32       # subtract from esp
+    68/push  0x200/imm32/size
+    68/push  0/imm32/read
+    68/push  0/imm32/write
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # var word-slice/edx: (addr slice)
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to edx
+$compute-offsets:line-loop:
+    # clear-stream(line)
+    51/push-ecx
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # read-line(in, line)
+    51/push-ecx
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    e8/call  read-line/disp32
+    # . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # if (line->write == 0) break
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *ecx to eax
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32
+    0f 84/jump-if-=  $compute-offsets:break-line-loop/disp32
+#?     # dump line {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "LL: ")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "LL: "/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # write-stream(2/stderr, line)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     51/push-ecx
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . rewind-stream(line)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     51/push-ecx
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  rewind-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+$compute-offsets:word-loop:
+    # next-word(line, word-slice)
+    52/push-edx
+    51/push-ecx
+    e8/call  next-word/disp32
+    # . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+$compute-offsets:case-empty:
+    # if slice-empty?(word-slice) break
+    # . eax = slice-empty?(word-slice)
+    52/push-edx
+    e8/call  slice-empty?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . if (eax != false) break
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
+    0f 85/jump-if-!=  $compute-offsets:line-loop/disp32
+$compute-offsets:case-comment:
+    # if slice-starts-with?(word-slice, "#") continue
+    68/push  "#"/imm32
+    52/push-edx
+    e8/call  slice-starts-with?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . if (eax != false) break
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
+    0f 85/jump-if-!=  $compute-offsets:line-loop/disp32
+$compute-offsets:case-segment-header:
+    # if (!slice-equal?(word-slice, "==")) goto next case
+    # . eax = slice-equal?(word-slice, "==")
+    68/push  "=="/imm32
+    52/push-edx
+    e8/call  slice-equal?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . if (eax == false) goto next case
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
+    0f 84/jump-if-=  $compute-offsets:case-label/disp32
+    # if (*curr-segment-name == 0) goto construct-next-segment
+    81          7/subop/compare     0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               0/imm32           # compare *esi
+    74/jump-if-=  $compute-offsets:construct-next-segment/disp8
+    # sinfo/edi = get-or-insert-handle(segments, curr-segment-name, row-size=16)
+    # . eax = get-or-insert-handle(segments, curr-segment-name, row-size=16)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  0x14/imm32/row-size
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(esi+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *esi
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  get-or-insert-handle/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x10/imm32        # add to esp
+    # . edi = eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to edi
+    # sinfo->size = file-offset - sinfo->file-offset
+    # . save ecx
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . ebx = *file-offset
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           3/r32/ebx   compute-offsets:file-offset/disp32  # copy *file-offset to ebx
+    # . ecx = sinfo->file-offset
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(edi+4) to ecx
+    # . ebx -= ecx
+    29/subtract                     3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # subtract ecx from ebx
+    # . sinfo->size = ebx
+    89/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   8/disp8         .                 # copy ebx to *(edi+8)
+    # . restore ecx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    # trace-sssns("segment '", curr-segment-name, "' has size ", sinfo->size, ".")
+    # . eax = lookup(curr-segment-name)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(esi+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *esi
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  lookup/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . trace-sssns("segment '", eax, "' has size ", sinfo->size, ".")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "."/imm32
+    53/push-ebx
+    68/push  "' has size "/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    68/push  "segment '"/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  trace-sssns/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to esp
+$compute-offsets:construct-next-segment:
+    # next-word(line, segment-tmp)
+    68/push  compute-offsets:segment-tmp/imm32
+    51/push-ecx
+    e8/call  next-word/disp32
+    # . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # if slice-empty?(segment-tmp) abort
+    # . eax = slice-empty?(segment-tmp)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  compute-offsets:segment-tmp/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  slice-empty?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . if (eax != false) abort
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
+    0f 85/jump-if-!=  $compute-offsets:abort/disp32
+$compute-offsets:update-curr-segment-name:
+    # slice-to-string(Heap, segment-tmp, curr-segment-name)
+    # . . push args
+    56/push-esi
+    68/push  compute-offsets:segment-tmp/imm32
+    68/push  Heap/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  slice-to-string/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # next-word(line, segment-tmp)
+    68/push  compute-offsets:segment-tmp/imm32
+    51/push-ecx
+    e8/call  next-word/disp32
+    # . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # if slice-empty?(segment-tmp) abort
+    # . eax = slice-empty?(segment-tmp)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  compute-offsets:segment-tmp/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  slice-empty?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . if (eax != false) abort
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
+    0f 85/jump-if-!=  $compute-offsets:abort/disp32
+    # sinfo/edi = get-or-insert-handle(segments, curr-segment-name, row-size=16)
+    # . eax = get-or-insert-handle(segments, curr-segment-name, row-size=16)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  0x14/imm32/row-size
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(esi+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *esi
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  get-or-insert-handle/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x10/imm32        # add to esp
+    # . edi = eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to edi
+    # sinfo->address = parse-hex-int-from-slice(segment-tmp)
+    # . eax = parse-hex-int-from-slice(segment-tmp)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  compute-offsets:segment-tmp/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  parse-hex-int-from-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . sinfo->address = eax
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to *edi
+    # sinfo->file-offset = *file-offset
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           0/r32/eax   compute-offsets:file-offset/disp32  # copy *file-offset to eax
+    89/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax to *(edi+4)
+    # trace-sssns("segment '", curr-segment-name, "' is at file offset ", sinfo->file-offset, "")
+    # . eax = lookup(curr-segment-name)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(esi+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *esi
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  lookup/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . trace-sssns("segment '", eax, "' is at file offset ", file-offset, ".")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "."/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           compute-offsets:file-offset/disp32  # push *file-offset
+    68/push  "' is at file offset "/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    68/push  "segment '"/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  trace-sssns/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to esp
+    # segment-offset = 0
+    c7          0/subop/copy        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .     compute-offsets:segment-offset/disp32  0/imm32  # copy to *segment-offset
+    # break
+    e9/jump $compute-offsets:line-loop/disp32
+$compute-offsets:case-label:
+    # if (!is-label?(word-slice)) goto next case
+    # . eax = is-label?(word-slice)
+    # . . push args
+    52/push-edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  is-label?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . if (eax == false) goto next case
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
+    0f 84/jump-if-=  $compute-offsets:case-default/disp32
+    # strip trailing ':' from word-slice
+    ff          1/subop/decrement   1/mod/*+disp8   2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # decrement *(edx+4)
+    # linfo/edi = get-or-insert-slice(labels, word-slice, row-size=24)
+    # . eax = get-or-insert-slice(labels, word-slice, row-size=24)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  Heap/imm32
+    68/push  0x18/imm32/row-size
+    52/push-edx
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x10/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+16)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  get-or-insert-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x10/imm32        # add to esp
+    # . edi = eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to edi
+$compute-offsets:save-label-offset:
+    # linfo->segment-name = curr-segment-name
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *esi to eax
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to *edi
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+4) to eax
+    89/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax to *(edi+4)
+    # trace-slsss("label '" word-slice "' is in segment '" current-segment-name "'.")
+    # . eax = lookup(curr-segment-name)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(esi+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *esi
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  lookup/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . trace-slsss("label '" word-slice "' is in segment '" eax "'.")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "'."/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    68/push  "' is in segment '"/imm32
+    52/push-edx
+    68/push  "label '"/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  trace-slsss/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to esp
+    # linfo->segment-offset = segment-offset
+    # . ebx = segment-offset
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           3/r32/ebx   compute-offsets:segment-offset/disp32  # copy *segment-offset to ebx
+    # . linfo->segment-offset = ebx
+    89/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   8/disp8         .                 # copy ebx to *(edi+8)
+    # trace-slsns("label '" word-slice "' is at segment offset " *segment-offset/eax ".")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "."/imm32
+    53/push-ebx
+    68/push  "' is at segment offset "/imm32
+    52/push-edx
+    68/push  "label '"/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  trace-slsns/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to esp
+    # continue
+    e9/jump  $compute-offsets:word-loop/disp32
+$compute-offsets:case-default:
+    # width/eax = compute-width-of-slice(word-slice)
+    # . . push args
+    52/push-edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call compute-width-of-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # segment-offset += width
+    01/add                          0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           0/r32/eax   compute-offsets:segment-offset/disp32  # add eax to *segment-offset
+    # file-offset += width
+    01/add                          0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           0/r32/eax   compute-offsets:file-offset/disp32  # add eax to *file-offset
+#?     # dump segment-offset {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "segment-offset: ")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "segment-offset: "/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . clear-stream($Stderr->buffer)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  $Stderr->buffer/imm32
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-int32-hex-buffered(Stderr, segment-offset)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     52/push-edx
+#?     ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           compute-offsets:segment-offset/disp32  # push *segment-offset
+#?     68/push  Stderr/imm32
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-int32-hex-buffered/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . flush(Stderr)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  Stderr/imm32
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  flush/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  Newline/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    e9/jump $compute-offsets:word-loop/disp32
+$compute-offsets:break-line-loop:
+    # sinfo/edi = get-or-insert-handle(segments, curr-segment-name, row-size=16)
+    # . eax = get-or-insert-handle(segments, curr-segment-name, row-size=16)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  0x14/imm32/row-size
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(esi+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *esi
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  get-or-insert-handle/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x10/imm32        # add to esp
+    # . edi = eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to edi
+    # sinfo->size = file-offset - sinfo->file-offset
+    # . save ecx
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . ebx = *file-offset
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           3/r32/ebx   compute-offsets:file-offset/disp32  # copy *file-offset to ebx
+    # . ecx = sinfo->file-offset
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(edi+4) to ecx
+    # . ebx -= ecx
+    29/subtract                     3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # subtract ecx from ebx
+    # . sinfo->size = ebx
+    89/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   8/disp8         .                 # copy ebx to *(edi+8)
+    # . restore ecx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    # trace-sssns("segment '", curr-segment-name, "' has size ", sinfo->size, ".")
+    # . eax = lookup(curr-segment-name)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(esi+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *esi
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  lookup/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . trace-sssns("segment '", eax, "' has size ", ebx, ".")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "."/imm32
+    53/push-ebx
+    68/push  "' has size "/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    68/push  "segment '"/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  trace-sssns/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to esp
+$compute-offsets:end:
+    # . reclaim locals
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x21c/imm32       # add to esp
+    # . restore registers
+    5f/pop-to-edi
+    5e/pop-to-esi
+    5b/pop-to-ebx
+    5a/pop-to-edx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    58/pop-to-eax
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+$compute-offsets:abort:
+    # . _write(2/stderr, error)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "'==' must be followed by segment name and segment-start\n"/imm32
+    68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  _write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . syscall(exit, 1)
+    bb/copy-to-ebx  1/imm32
+    e8/call  syscall_exit/disp32
+    # never gets here
+
+test-compute-offsets:
+    # input:
+    #   == code 0x1
+    #   ab x/imm32  # skip comment
+    #   == data 0x1000
+    #   00
+    #   x:
+    #     34
+    #
+    # trace contains (in any order):
+    #   segment 'code' is at file offset 0x0.
+    #   segment 'code' has size 0x5.
+    #   segment 'data' is at file offset 0x5.
+    #   segment 'data' has size 0x2.
+    #   label 'x' is in segment 'data'.
+    #   label 'x' is at segment offset 0x1.
+    #
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # var segments/ecx: (stream byte 2*20)
+    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x28/imm32        # subtract from esp
+    68/push  0x28/imm32/size
+    68/push  0/imm32/read
+    68/push  0/imm32/write
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # var labels/edx: (stream byte 2*24)
+    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x30/imm32        # subtract from esp
+    68/push  0x30/imm32/size
+    68/push  0/imm32/read
+    68/push  0/imm32/write
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to edx
+    # initialize input
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "== code 0x1\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "== code 0x1\n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "ab x/imm32  # skip comment\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "ab x/imm32  # skip comment\n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "== data 0x1000\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "== data 0x1000\n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "00\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "00\n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "x:\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "x:\n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "34\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "34\n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # compute-offsets(_test-input-stream, segments, labels)
+    # . . push args
+    52/push-edx
+    51/push-ecx
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  compute-offsets/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32        # add to esp
+#?     # dump *Trace-stream {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, *Trace-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # check trace
+    # . check-trace-contains("segment 'code' is at file offset 0x00000000.", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-compute-offsets/0"/imm32
+    68/push  "segment 'code' is at file offset 0x00000000."/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . check-trace-contains("segment 'code' has size 0x00000005", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-compute-offsets/1"/imm32
+    68/push  "segment 'code' has size 0x00000005."/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . check-trace-contains("segment 'data' is at file offset 0x00000005.", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-compute-offsets/2"/imm32
+    68/push  "segment 'data' is at file offset 0x00000005."/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . check-trace-contains("segment 'data' has size 0x00000002.", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-compute-offsets/3"/imm32
+    68/push  "segment 'data' has size 0x00000002."/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . check-trace-contains("label 'x' is in segment 'data'.", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-compute-offsets/4"/imm32
+    68/push  "label 'x' is in segment 'data'."/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . check-trace-contains("label 'x' is at segment offset 0x00000001.", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-compute-offsets/5"/imm32
+    68/push  "label 'x' is at segment offset 0x00000001."/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . check-ints-equal(labels->write, 0x18, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-compute-offsets-maintains-labels-write-index"/imm32
+    68/push  0x18/imm32/1-entry
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+# write segments->file-offset,
+#       segments->address, and
+#       labels->address
+compute-addresses:  # segments: (addr stream {(handle array byte), segment-info}), labels: (addr stream {(handle array byte), label-info})
+    # pseudocode:
+    #   var srow: (addr segment-row) = segments->data
+    #   var max: (addr byte) = &segments->data[segments->write]
+    #   var num-segments: int = segments->write / 20
+    #   var starting-offset: int = 0x34 + (num-segments * 0x20)
+    #   while true
+    #     if (srow >= max) break
+    #     srow->file-offset += starting-offset
+    #     srow->address &= 0xfffff000  # clear last 12 bits for p_align
+    #     srow->address += (srow->file-offset & 0x00000fff)
+    #     trace-sssns("segment " srow->key " starts at address " srow->address)
+    #     srow += 20  # row-size
+    #   var lrow: (addr label-row) = labels->data
+    #   max = &labels->data[labels->write]
+    #   while true
+    #     if (lrow >= max) break
+    #     var seg-name: (addr array byte) = lookup(lrow->segment-name)
+    #     var label-seg: (addr segment-info) = get(segments, seg-name)
+    #     lrow->address = label-seg->address + lrow->segment-offset
+    #     trace-sssns("label " lrow->key " is at address " lrow->address)
+    #     lrow += 24  # row-size
+    #
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    50/push-eax
+    51/push-ecx
+    52/push-edx
+    53/push-ebx
+    56/push-esi
+    57/push-edi
+    # esi = segments
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to esi
+    # var num-segments/edi: int = segments->write / 20 (row-size)
+    # . eax = segments->write
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *esi to eax
+    # . edx = 0
+    ba/copy-to-edx  0/imm32
+    # . ecx = 20 (row-size)
+    b9/copy-to-ecx  0x14/imm32/row-size
+    # . eax /= ecx (clobbering edx)
+    f7          7/subop/divide      3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # divide eax by ecx
+    # . edi = eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to edi
+    # var starting-offset/edi: int = 0x34 + (num-segments * 0x20)  # make room for ELF headers
+    c1/shift    4/subop/left        3/mod/direct    7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           .           .               5/imm8            # shift edi left by 5 bits
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           .           .               0x34/imm32        # add to edi
+    # var max/ecx: (addr byte) = &segments->data[segments->write]
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *esi to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy esi+ecx+12 to ecx
+    # var srow/esi: (addr segment-row) = segments->data
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy esi+12 to esi
+$compute-addresses:segment-loop:
+    # if (srow >= max) break
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # compare esi with ecx
+    73/jump-if-addr>=  $compute-addresses:segment-break/disp8
+    # srow->file-offset += starting-offset
+    01/add                          1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           7/r32/edi   0xc/disp8       .                 # add edi to *(esi+12)
+    # clear last 12 bits of srow->address for p_align=0x1000
+    # . edx = srow->address
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+8) to edx
+    # . edx &= 0xfffff000
+    81          4/subop/and         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           .           .               0xfffff000/imm32  # bitwise and of edx
+    # update last 12 bits from srow->file-offset
+    # . ebx = srow->file-offset
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(esi+12) to ebx
+    # . ebx &= 0xfff
+    81          4/subop/and         3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               0x00000fff/imm32  # bitwise and of ebx
+    # . srow->address = edx | ebx
+    09/or                           3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # edx = bitwise OR with ebx
+    89/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   8/disp8         .                 # copy edx to *(esi+8)
+    # trace-sssns("segment " srow " starts at address " srow->address ".")
+    # . eax = lookup(*srow)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(esi+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *esi
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  lookup/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . trace-sssns("segment " eax " starts at address " srow->address ".")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "."/imm32
+    52/push-edx
+    68/push  "' starts at address "/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    68/push  "segment '"/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  trace-sssns/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to esp
+    # srow += 20  # size of row
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to esi
+    eb/jump  $compute-addresses:segment-loop/disp8
+$compute-addresses:segment-break:
+#?     # dump *Trace-stream {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, *Trace-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # esi = labels
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to esi
+    # var max/ecx: (addr byte) = &labels->data[labels->write]
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *esi to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy esi+ecx+12 to ecx
+    # var lrow/esi: (addr label-row) = labels->data
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy esi+12 to esi
+$compute-addresses:label-loop:
+    # if (lrow >= max) break
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # compare esi with ecx
+    0f 83/jump-if-addr>=  $compute-addresses:end/disp32
+#?     # dump lrow->key {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "label: ")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "label: "/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, lrow->key)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *esi
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # var seg-name/edx: (addr array byte) = lookup(lrow->segment-name)
+    # . eax = lookup(lrow->segment-name)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(esi+12)
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(esi+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  lookup/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . edx = eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to edx
+#?     # dump seg-name {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "compute-addresses: seg-name: ")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "seg-name: "/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, seg-name)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     52/push-edx
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # var label-seg/edx: (addr segment-info) = get(segments, seg-name, row-size=20, "segment table")
+    # . eax = get(segments, seg-name, row-size=20)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "segment table"/imm32
+    68/push  0x14/imm32/row-size
+    52/push-edx
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  get/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x10/imm32        # add to esp
+    # . edx = eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to edx
+    # ebx = label-seg->address
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # copy *edx to ebx
+    # ebx += lrow->segment-offset
+    03/add                          1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   0x10/disp8      .                 # add *(esi+16) to ebx
+    # lrow->address = ebx
+    89/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   0x14/disp8      .                 # copy ebx to *(esi+20)
+    # trace-sssns("label " lrow->key " is at address " lrow->address ".")
+    # . eax = lookup(lrow->key)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(esi+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *esi
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  lookup/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . trace-sssns("label " eax " is at address " lrow->address ".")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "."/imm32
+    53/push-ebx
+    68/push  "' is at address "/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    68/push  "label '"/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  trace-sssns/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to esp
+    # lrow += 24  # size of row
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               0x18/imm32        # add to esi
+    e9/jump  $compute-addresses:label-loop/disp32
+$compute-addresses:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    5f/pop-to-edi
+    5e/pop-to-esi
+    5b/pop-to-ebx
+    5a/pop-to-edx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    58/pop-to-eax
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-compute-addresses:
+    # input:
+    #   segments:
+    #     - 'a': {0x1000, 0, 5}
+    #     - 'b': {0x2018, 5, 1}
+    #     - 'c': {0x5444, 6, 12}
+    #   labels:
+    #     - 'l1': {'a', 3, 0}
+    #     - 'l2': {'b', 0, 0}
+    #
+    # trace contains in any order (comments in parens):
+    #   segment 'a' starts at address 0x00001094.  (0x34 + 0x20 for each segment)
+    #   segment 'b' starts at address 0x00002099.  (0x018 discarded)
+    #   segment 'c' starts at address 0x0000509a.  (0x444 discarded)
+    #   label 'l1' is at address 0x00001097.       (0x1094 + segment-offset 3)
+    #   label 'l2' is at address 0x00002099.       (0x2099 + segment-offset 0)
+    #
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . var segments/ecx: (stream byte 10*20)
+    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc8/imm32        # subtract from esp
+    68/push  0xc8/imm32/size
+    68/push  0/imm32/read
+    68/push  0/imm32/write
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # . var labels/edx: (stream byte 8*24)
+    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc0/imm32        # subtract from esp
+    68/push  0xc0/imm32/size
+    68/push  0/imm32/read
+    68/push  0/imm32/write
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to edx
+    # . var h/ebx: (handle array byte)
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebx
+    # . h = copy-array(Heap, "a")
+    # . . push args
+    53/push-ebx
+    68/push  "a"/imm32
+    68/push  Heap/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  copy-array/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . stream-add5(segments, "a", 0x1000, 0, 5)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  5/imm32/segment-size
+    68/push  0/imm32/file-offset
+    68/push  0x1000/imm32/start-address
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ebx+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ebx
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  stream-add5/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x18/imm32        # add to esp
+    # . h = copy-array(Heap, "b")
+    # . . push args
+    53/push-ebx
+    68/push  "b"/imm32
+    68/push  Heap/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  copy-array/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . stream-add5(segments, "b", 0x2018, 5, 1)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  1/imm32/segment-size
+    68/push  5/imm32/file-offset
+    68/push  0x2018/imm32/start-address
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ebx+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ebx
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  stream-add5/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x18/imm32        # add to esp
+    # . h = copy-array(Heap, "c")
+    # . . push args
+    53/push-ebx
+    68/push  "c"/imm32
+    68/push  Heap/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  copy-array/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . stream-add5(segments, "c", 0x5444, 6, 12)
+    68/push  0xc/imm32/segment-size
+    68/push  6/imm32/file-offset
+    68/push  0x5444/imm32/start-address
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ebx+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ebx
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  stream-add5/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x18/imm32        # add to esp
+    # . stream-add6(labels, "l1", "a", 3, 0)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  0/imm32/label-address
+    68/push  3/imm32/segment-offset
+    # . . push "a"
+    53/push-ebx
+    68/push  "a"/imm32
+    68/push  Heap/imm32
+    e8/call  copy-array/disp32
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ebx+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ebx
+    # . . push "l1"
+    53/push-ebx
+    68/push  "l1"/imm32
+    68/push  Heap/imm32
+    e8/call  copy-array/disp32
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ebx+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ebx
+    # . . push labels
+    52/push-edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  stream-add6/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x1c/imm32        # add to esp
+    # . stream-add6(labels, "l2", "b", 0, 0)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  0/imm32/label-address
+    68/push  0/imm32/segment-offset
+    # . . push "b"
+    53/push-ebx
+    68/push  "b"/imm32
+    68/push  Heap/imm32
+    e8/call  copy-array/disp32
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ebx+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ebx
+    # . . push "l2"
+    53/push-ebx
+    68/push  "l2"/imm32
+    68/push  Heap/imm32
+    e8/call  copy-array/disp32
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ebx+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ebx
+    # . . push labels
+    52/push-edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  stream-add6/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x1c/imm32        # add to esp
+    # component under test
+    # . compute-addresses(segments, labels)
+    # . . push args
+    52/push-edx
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  compute-addresses/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # checks
+#?     # dump *Trace-stream {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, *Trace-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # . check-trace-contains("segment 'a' starts at address 0x00001094.", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-compute-addresses/0"/imm32
+    68/push  "segment 'a' starts at address 0x00001094."/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . check-trace-contains("segment 'b' starts at address 0x00002099.", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-compute-addresses/1"/imm32
+    68/push  "segment 'b' starts at address 0x00002099."/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . check-trace-contains("segment 'c' starts at address 0x0000509a.", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-compute-addresses/2"/imm32
+    68/push  "segment 'c' starts at address 0x0000509a."/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . check-trace-contains("label 'l1' is at address 0x00001097.", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-compute-addresses/3"/imm32
+    68/push  "label 'l1' is at address 0x00001097."/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . check-trace-contains("label 'l2' is at address 0x00002099.", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-compute-addresses/4"/imm32
+    68/push  "label 'l2' is at address 0x00002099."/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . check-ints-equal(labels->write, 0x30, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-compute-addresses/maintains-labels-write-index"/imm32
+    68/push  0x30/imm32/2-entries
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-compute-addresses-large-segments:
+    # input:
+    #   segments:
+    #     - 'a': {0x1000, 0, 0x5604}
+    #     - 'b': {0x2018, 0x5604, 1}
+    #   labels:
+    #     - 'l1': {'a', 3, 0}
+    #
+    # trace contains in any order (comments in parens):
+    #   segment 'a' starts at address 0x00001074.  (0x34 + 0x20 for each segment)
+    #   segment 'b' starts at address 0x00002678.  (0x018 discarded; last 3 nibbles from 0x1074 + 0x5604)
+    #   label 'l1' is at address 0x00001077.       (0x1074 + segment-offset 3)
+    #
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . var segments/ecx: (stream byte 10*20)
+    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc8/imm32        # subtract from esp
+    68/push  0xc8/imm32/size
+    68/push  0/imm32/read
+    68/push  0/imm32/write
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # . var labels/edx: (stream byte 8*24)
+    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc0/imm32        # subtract from esp
+    68/push  0xc0/imm32/size
+    68/push  0/imm32/read
+    68/push  0/imm32/write
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to edx
+    # . var h/ebx: (handle array byte)
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebx
+    # . h = copy-array(Heap, "a")
+    # . . push args
+    53/push-ebx
+    68/push  "a"/imm32
+    68/push  Heap/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  copy-array/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . stream-add5(segments, "a", 0x1000, 0, 0x5604)
+    68/push  0x5604/imm32/segment-size
+    68/push  0/imm32/file-offset
+    68/push  0x1000/imm32/start-address
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ebx+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ebx
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  stream-add5/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x18/imm32        # add to esp
+    # . h = copy-array(Heap, "b")
+    # . . push args
+    53/push-ebx
+    68/push  "b"/imm32
+    68/push  Heap/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  copy-array/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . stream-add5(segments, "b", 0x2018, 0x5604, 1)
+    68/push  1/imm32/segment-size
+    68/push  0x5604/imm32/file-offset
+    68/push  0x2018/imm32/start-address
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ebx+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ebx
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  stream-add5/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x18/imm32        # add to esp
+    # . stream-add6(labels, "l1", "a", 3, 0)
+    68/push  0/imm32/label-address
+    68/push  3/imm32/segment-offset
+    # . . push "a"
+    53/push-ebx
+    68/push  "a"/imm32
+    68/push  Heap/imm32
+    e8/call  copy-array/disp32
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ebx+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ebx
+    # . . push "l1"
+    53/push-ebx
+    68/push  "l1"/imm32
+    68/push  Heap/imm32
+    e8/call  copy-array/disp32
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ebx+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ebx
+    # . . push labels
+    52/push-edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  stream-add6/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x1c/imm32        # add to esp
+    # component under test
+    # . compute-addresses(segments, labels)
+    # . . push args
+    52/push-edx
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  compute-addresses/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # checks
+#?     # dump *Trace-stream {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, *Trace-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # . check-trace-contains("segment 'a' starts at address 0x00001074.", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-compute-addresses-large-segments/0"/imm32
+    68/push  "segment 'a' starts at address 0x00001074."/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . check-trace-contains("segment 'b' starts at address 0x00002678.", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-compute-addresses-large-segments/1"/imm32
+    68/push  "segment 'b' starts at address 0x00002678."/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . check-trace-contains("label 'l1' is at address 0x00001077.", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-compute-addresses-large-segments/3"/imm32
+    68/push  "label 'l1' is at address 0x00001077."/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+emit-output:  # in: (addr stream byte), out: (addr buffered-file), segments: (addr stream {(handle array byte), segment-info}), labels: (addr stream {(handle array byte), label-info})
+    # pseudocode:
+    #   emit-headers(out, segments, labels)
+    #   emit-segments(in, out, labels)
+    #
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+#?     # write(2/stderr, "emit-headers\n") {{{
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "emit-headers\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # emit-headers(out, segments, labels)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x14/disp8       .                # push *(ebp+20)
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x10/disp8       .                # push *(ebp+16)
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8        .                # push *(ebp+12)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  emit-headers/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+#?     # write(2/stderr, "emit-segments\n") {{{
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "emit-segments\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # emit-segments(in, out, labels)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x14/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+20)
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  emit-segments/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+$emit-output:end:
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+emit-segments:  # in: (addr stream byte), out: (addr buffered-file), labels: (addr stream {(handle array byte), label-info})
+    # pseudocode:
+    #   var offset-of-next-instruction = 0
+    #   var line: (stream byte 512)
+    #   line-loop:
+    #   while true
+    #     clear-stream(line)
+    #     read-line(in, line)
+    #     if (line->write == 0) break               # end of file
+    #     offset-of-next-instruction += num-bytes(line)
+    #     while true
+    #       var word-slice = next-word(line)
+    #       if slice-empty?(word-slice)             # end of line
+    #         break
+    #       if slice-starts-with?(word-slice, "#")  # comment
+    #         break
+    #       if is-label?(word-slice)                # no need for label declarations anymore
+    #         goto line-loop                        # don't insert empty lines
+    #       if slice-equal?(word-slice, "==")       # no need for segment header lines
+    #         goto line-loop                        # don't insert empty lines
+    #       if length(word-slice) == 2
+    #         write-slice-buffered(out, word-slice)
+    #         write-buffered(out, " ")
+    #         continue
+    #       var datum: (addr slice) = next-token-from-slice(word-slice->start, word-slice->end, "/")
+    #       var info: (addr label-info) = get-slice(labels, datum)
+    #       var curr-segment-name: (addr array byte) = lookup(info->segment-name)
+    #       if !string-equal?(info->segment-name, "code")
+    #         if has-metadata?(word-slice, "disp8")
+    #           abort
+    #         if has-metadata?(word-slice, "imm8")
+    #           abort
+    #         emit(out, info->address, 4)  # global variables always translate init.linux to absolute addresses
+    #       # code segment cases
+    #       else if has-metadata?(word-slice, "imm8")
+    #         abort  # label should never go to imm8
+    #       else if has-metadata?(word-slice, "imm32")
+    #         emit(out, info->address, 4)
+    #       else if has-metadata?(word-slice, "disp8")
+    #         value = info->offset - offset-of-next-instruction
+    #         emit(out, value, 1)
+    #       else if has-metadata?(word-slice, "disp32")
+    #         value = info->offset - offset-of-next-instruction
+    #         emit(out, value, 4)
+    #       else
+    #         abort
+    #     write-buffered(out, "\n")
+    #
+    # registers:
+    #   line: ecx
+    #   word-slice: edx
+    #   offset-of-next-instruction: ebx
+    #   datum: edi
+    #   info: esi (inner loop only)
+    #   temporaries: eax, esi (outer loop)
+    #
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    50/push-eax
+    51/push-ecx
+    52/push-edx
+    53/push-ebx
+    56/push-esi
+    57/push-edi
+    # var line/ecx: (stream byte 512)
+    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x200/imm32       # subtract from esp
+    68/push  0x200/imm32/size
+    68/push  0/imm32/read
+    68/push  0/imm32/write
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # var word-slice/edx: slice
+    68/push  0/imm32/end
+    68/push  0/imm32/start
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to edx
+    # var datum/edi: slice
+    68/push  0/imm32/end
+    68/push  0/imm32/start
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to edi
+    # offset-of-next-instruction/ebx = 0
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # clear ebx
+$emit-segments:line-loop:
+    # clear-stream(line)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # read-line(in, line)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  read-line/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # dump line {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "LL: ")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "LL: "/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # write-stream(2/stderr, line)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     51/push-ecx
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . rewind-stream(line)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     51/push-ecx
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  rewind-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+$emit-segments:check-for-end-of-input:
+    # if (line->write == 0) break
+    81          7/subop/compare     0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           .           .               0/imm32           # compare *ecx
+    0f 84/jump-if-=  $emit-segments:end/disp32
+    # offset-of-next-instruction += num-bytes(line)
+    # . eax = num-bytes(line)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  num-bytes/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . ebx += eax
+    01/add                          3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # add eax to ebx
+$emit-segments:word-loop:
+    # next-word(line, word-slice)
+    # . . push args
+    52/push-edx
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-word/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # dump word-slice {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "w: ")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "w: "/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-slice-buffered(Stderr, word-slice)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     52/push-edx
+#?     68/push  Stderr/imm32
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-slice-buffered/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . flush(Stderr)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  Stderr/imm32
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  flush/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+$emit-segments:check-for-end-of-line:
+    # if (slice-empty?(word-slice)) break
+    # . eax = slice-empty?(word-slice)
+    # . . push args
+    52/push-edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  slice-empty?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . if (eax != 0) break
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
+    0f 85/jump-if-!=  $emit-segments:next-line/disp32
+$emit-segments:check-for-comment:
+    # if (slice-starts-with?(word-slice, "#")) break
+    # . start/esi = word-slice->start
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   .               .                 # copy *edx to esi
+    # . c/eax = *start
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # clear eax
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *esi to AL
+    # . if (eax == '#') break
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x23/imm32/hash
+    0f 84/jump-if-=  $emit-segments:next-line/disp32
+$emit-segments:check-for-label:
+    # if is-label?(word-slice) break
+    # . eax = is-label?(word-slice)
+    # . . push args
+    52/push-edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  is-label?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . if (eax != false) break
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
+    0f 85/jump-if-!=  $emit-segments:line-loop/disp32
+$emit-segments:check-for-segment-header:
+    # if (slice-equal?(word-slice, "==")) break
+    # . eax = slice-equal?(word-slice, "==")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "=="/imm32
+    52/push-edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  slice-equal?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . if (eax != false) break
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
+    0f 85/jump-if-!=  $emit-segments:line-loop/disp32
+$emit-segments:2-character:
+    # if (size(word-slice) != 2) goto next check
+    # . eax = size(word-slice)
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(edx+4) to eax
+    2b/subtract                     0/mod/indirect  2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # subtract *edx from eax
+    # . if (eax != 2) goto next check
+    3d/compare-eax-and  2/imm32
+    75/jump-if-!=  $emit-segments:check-metadata/disp8
+    # write-slice-buffered(out, word-slice)
+    # . . push args
+    52/push-edx
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-slice-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # write-buffered(out, " ")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  Space/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # continue
+    e9/jump  $emit-segments:word-loop/disp32
+$emit-segments:check-metadata:
+    # - if we get here, 'word-slice' must be a label to be looked up
+    # datum/edi = next-token-from-slice(word-slice->start, word-slice->end, "/")
+    # . . push args
+    57/push-edi
+    68/push  0x2f/imm32/slash
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(edx+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-token-from-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x10/imm32        # add to esp
+#?     # dump datum {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "datum: ")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "datum: "/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-slice-buffered(Stderr, datum)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     57/push-edi
+#?     68/push  Stderr/imm32
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-slice-buffered/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . flush(Stderr)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  Stderr/imm32
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  flush/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # info/esi = get-slice(labels, datum, row-size=24, "label table")
+    # . eax = get-slice(labels, datum, row-size=24, "label table")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "label table"/imm32
+    68/push  0x18/imm32/row-size
+    57/push-edi
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x10/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+16)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  get-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x10/imm32        # add to esp
+    # . esi = eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to esi
+$emit-segments:check-global-variable:
+    # if string-equal?(info->segment-name, "code") goto code label checks
+    # . eax = lookup(info->segment-name)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(esi+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *esi
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  lookup/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . eax = string-equal?(eax, "code")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "code"/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  string-equal?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . if (eax != false) goto code label checks
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
+    0f 85/jump-if-!=  $emit-segments:check-code-label-for-imm8/disp32
+$emit-segments:check-global-variable-for-disp8:
+    # if has-metadata?(word-slice, "disp8") abort
+    # . eax = has-metadata?(word-slice, "disp8")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "disp8"/imm32
+    52/push-edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  has-metadata?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . if (eax != false) abort
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
+    0f 85/jump-if-!=  $emit-segments:global-variable-abort/disp32
+$emit-segments:check-global-variable-for-imm8:
+    # if has-metadata?(word-slice, "imm8") abort
+    # . eax = has-metadata?(word-slice, "imm8")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "imm8"/imm32
+    52/push-edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  has-metadata?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . if (eax != false) abort
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
+    0f 85/jump-if-!=  $emit-segments:global-variable-abort/disp32
+$emit-segments:emit-global-variable:
+    # emit-hex(out, info->address, 4)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  4/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(esi+12)
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  emit-hex/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # continue
+    e9/jump  $emit-segments:word-loop/disp32
+$emit-segments:check-code-label-for-imm8:
+    # if (has-metadata?(word-slice, "imm8")) abort
+    # . eax = has-metadata?(edx, "imm8")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "imm8"/imm32
+    52/push-edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  has-metadata?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . if (eax != false) abort
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
+    0f 85/jump-if-!=  $emit-segments:imm8-abort/disp32
+$emit-segments:check-code-label-for-imm32:
+    # if (!has-metadata?(word-slice, "imm32")) goto next check
+    # . eax = has-metadata?(edx, "imm32")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "imm32"/imm32
+    52/push-edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  has-metadata?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . if (eax == false) goto next check
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
+    74/jump-if-=  $emit-segments:check-code-label-for-disp8/disp8
+#?     # dump info->address {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "info->address: ")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "info->address: "/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-int32-hex-buffered(Stderr, info->address)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(esi+12)
+#?     68/push  Stderr/imm32
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-int32-hex-buffered/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . flush(Stderr)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  Stderr/imm32
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  flush/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+$emit-segments:emit-code-label-imm32:
+    # emit-hex(out, info->address, 4)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  4/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(esi+12)
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  emit-hex/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # continue
+    e9/jump  $emit-segments:word-loop/disp32
+$emit-segments:check-code-label-for-disp8:
+    # if (!has-metadata?(word-slice, "disp8")) goto next check
+    # . eax = has-metadata?(edx, "disp8")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "disp8"/imm32
+    52/push-edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  has-metadata?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . if (eax == false) goto next check
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
+    74/jump-if-=  $emit-segments:check-code-label-for-disp32/disp8
+$emit-segments:emit-code-label-disp8:
+    # emit-hex(out, info->offset - offset-of-next-instruction, 1)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  1/imm32
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+8) to eax
+    29/subtract                     3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # subtract ebx from eax
+    50/push-eax
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  emit-hex/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # continue
+    e9/jump  $emit-segments:word-loop/disp32
+$emit-segments:check-code-label-for-disp32:
+    # if (!has-metadata?(word-slice, "disp32")) abort
+    # . eax = has-metadata?(edx, "disp32")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "disp32"/imm32
+    52/push-edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  has-metadata?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . if (eax == false) abort
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
+    0f 84/jump-if-=  $emit-segments:abort/disp32
+$emit-segments:emit-code-label-disp32:
+    # emit-hex(out, info->offset - offset-of-next-instruction, 4)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  4/imm32
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+8) to eax
+    29/subtract                     3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # subtract ebx from eax
+    50/push-eax
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  emit-hex/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # continue
+    e9/jump  $emit-segments:word-loop/disp32
+$emit-segments:next-line:
+    # write-buffered(out, "\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  Newline/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # loop
+    e9/jump  $emit-segments:line-loop/disp32
+$emit-segments:end:
+    # . reclaim locals
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x21c/imm32       # add to esp
+    # . restore registers
+    5f/pop-to-edi
+    5e/pop-to-esi
+    5b/pop-to-ebx
+    5a/pop-to-edx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    58/pop-to-eax
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+$emit-segments:global-variable-abort:
+    # . _write(2/stderr, error)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "emit-segments: must refer to global variables with /disp32 or /imm32"/imm32
+    68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  _write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . syscall(exit, 1)
+    bb/copy-to-ebx  1/imm32
+    e8/call  syscall_exit/disp32
+    # never gets here
+
+$emit-segments:imm8-abort:
+    # . _write(2/stderr, error)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "emit-segments: cannot refer to code labels with /imm8"/imm32
+    68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  _write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . syscall(exit, 1)
+    bb/copy-to-ebx  1/imm32
+    e8/call  syscall_exit/disp32
+    # never gets here
+
+$emit-segments:abort:
+    # print(stderr, "missing metadata in " word-slice)
+    # . _write(2/stderr, "missing metadata in word ")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "emit-segments: missing metadata in "/imm32
+    68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  _write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write-slice-buffered(Stderr, word-slice)
+    # . . push args
+    52/push-edx
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-slice-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . flush(Stderr)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . syscall(exit, 1)
+    bb/copy-to-ebx  1/imm32
+    e8/call  syscall_exit/disp32
+    # never gets here
+
+test-emit-segments-global-variable:
+    # global variables always convert to absolute addresses, regardless of metadata
+    #
+    # input:
+    #   in:
+    #     == code 0x1000
+    #     ab cd ef gh
+    #     ij x/disp32
+    #     == data 0x2000
+    #     00
+    #     x:
+    #       34
+    #   labels:
+    #     - 'x': {'data', 1, 0x207a}
+    #
+    # output:
+    #   ab cd ef gh
+    #   ij 7a 20 00 00
+    #   00
+    #   34
+    #
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream($_test-output-buffered-file->buffer)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  $_test-output-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . var labels/edx: (stream byte 8*24)
+    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc0/imm32        # subtract from esp
+    68/push  0xc0/imm32/size
+    68/push  0/imm32/read
+    68/push  0/imm32/write
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to edx
+    # . var h/ebx: (handle array byte)
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebx
+    # initialize input
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "== code 0x1000\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "== code 0x1000\n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "ab cd ef gh\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "ab cd ef gh\n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "ij x/disp32\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "ij x/disp32\n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "== data 0x2000\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "== data 0x2000\n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "00\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "00\n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "x:\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "x:\n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "34\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "34\n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . stream-add6(labels, "x", "data", 1, 0x207a)
+    68/push  0x207a/imm32/label-address
+    68/push  1/imm32/segment-offset
+    # . . push "data"
+    53/push-ebx
+    68/push  "data"/imm32
+    68/push  Heap/imm32
+    e8/call  copy-array/disp32
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ebx+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ebx
+    # . . push "l1"
+    53/push-ebx
+    68/push  "x"/imm32
+    68/push  Heap/imm32
+    e8/call  copy-array/disp32
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ebx+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ebx
+    # . . push labels
+    52/push-edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  stream-add6/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x1c/imm32        # add to esp
+    # component under test
+    # . emit-segments(_test-input-stream, _test-output-buffered-file, labels)
+    # . . push args
+    52/push-edx
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  emit-segments/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # checks
+    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # dump output {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "result: ^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "result: ^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . rewind-stream(_test-output-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  rewind-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # . check-next-stream-line-equal(_test-output-stream, "ab cd ef gh ", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-emit-segments-global-variable/0"/imm32
+    68/push  "ab cd ef gh "/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-next-stream-line-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . check-next-stream-line-equal(_test-output-stream, "ij 7a 20 00 00 ", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-emit-segments-global-variable/1"/imm32
+    68/push  "ij 7a 20 00 00 "/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-next-stream-line-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . check-next-stream-line-equal(_test-output-stream, "00 ", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-emit-segments-global-variable/2"/imm32
+    68/push  "00 "/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-next-stream-line-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . check-next-stream-line-equal(_test-output-stream, "34 ", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-emit-segments-global-variable/3"/imm32
+    68/push  "34 "/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-next-stream-line-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-emit-segments-code-label:
+    # labels usually convert to displacements
+    #
+    # input:
+    #   in:
+    #     == code 0x1000
+    #     ab cd
+    #     l1:
+    #       ef gh
+    #       ij l1/disp32
+    #   labels:
+    #     - 'l1': {'code', 2, 0x1056}
+    #
+    # output:
+    #   ab cd
+    #   ef gh
+    #   ij f9 ff ff ff  # -7
+    #
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream($_test-output-buffered-file->buffer)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  $_test-output-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . var labels/edx: (stream byte 8*24)
+    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc0/imm32        # subtract from esp
+    68/push  0xc0/imm32/size
+    68/push  0/imm32/read
+    68/push  0/imm32/write
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to edx
+    # . var h/ebx: (handle array byte)
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebx
+    # initialize input
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "== code 0x1000\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "== code 0x1000\n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "ab cd\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "ab cd\n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "l1:\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "l1:\n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "  ef gh\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "  ef gh\n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "  ij l1/disp32\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "  ij l1/disp32\n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . stream-add6(labels, "l1", "code", 2, 0x1056)
+    68/push  0x1056/imm32/label-address
+    68/push  2/imm32/segment-offset
+    # . . push "data"
+    53/push-ebx
+    68/push  "code"/imm32
+    68/push  Heap/imm32
+    e8/call  copy-array/disp32
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ebx+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ebx
+    # . . push "l1"
+    53/push-ebx
+    68/push  "l1"/imm32
+    68/push  Heap/imm32
+    e8/call  copy-array/disp32
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ebx+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ebx
+    # . . push labels
+    52/push-edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  stream-add6/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x1c/imm32        # add to esp
+    # component under test
+    # . emit-segments(_test-input-stream, _test-output-buffered-file, labels)
+    # . . push args
+    52/push-edx
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  emit-segments/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # checks
+    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # dump output {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "result: ^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "result: ^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . rewind-stream(_test-output-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  rewind-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # . check-next-stream-line-equal(_test-output-stream, "ab cd ", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-emit-segments-code-label/0"/imm32
+    68/push  "ab cd "/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-next-stream-line-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . check-next-stream-line-equal(_test-output-stream, "ef gh ", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-emit-segments-code-label/1"/imm32
+    68/push  "ef gh "/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-next-stream-line-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . check-next-stream-line-equal(_test-output-stream, "ij f9 ff ff ff ", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-emit-segments-code-label/2"/imm32
+    68/push  "ij f9 ff ff ff "/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-next-stream-line-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-emit-segments-code-label-absolute:
+    # labels can also convert to absolute addresses
+    #
+    # input:
+    #   in:
+    #     == code 0x1000
+    #     ab cd
+    #     l1:
+    #       ef gh
+    #       ij l1/imm32
+    #   labels:
+    #     - 'l1': {'code', 2, 0x1056}
+    #
+    # output:
+    #   ab cd
+    #   ef gh
+    #   ij 56 10 00 00
+    #
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream($_test-output-buffered-file->buffer)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  $_test-output-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . var labels/edx: (stream byte 8*24)
+    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc0/imm32        # subtract from esp
+    68/push  0xc0/imm32/size
+    68/push  0/imm32/read
+    68/push  0/imm32/write
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to edx
+    # . var h/ebx: (handle array byte)
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebx
+    # initialize input
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "== code 0x1000\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "== code 0x1000\n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "ab cd\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "ab cd\n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "l1:\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "l1:\n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "  ef gh\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "  ef gh\n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "  ij l1/imm32\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "  ij l1/imm32\n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . stream-add6(labels, "l1", "code", 2, 0x1056)
+    68/push  0x1056/imm32/label-address
+    68/push  2/imm32/segment-offset
+    # . . push "data"
+    53/push-ebx
+    68/push  "code"/imm32
+    68/push  Heap/imm32
+    e8/call  copy-array/disp32
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ebx+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ebx
+    # . . push "l1"
+    53/push-ebx
+    68/push  "l1"/imm32
+    68/push  Heap/imm32
+    e8/call  copy-array/disp32
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ebx+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ebx
+    # . . push labels
+    52/push-edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  stream-add6/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x1c/imm32        # add to esp
+    # component under test
+    # . emit-segments(_test-input-stream, _test-output-buffered-file, labels)
+    # . . push args
+    52/push-edx
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  emit-segments/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # checks
+    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # dump output {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "result: ^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "result: ^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . rewind-stream(_test-output-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  rewind-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # . check-next-stream-line-equal(_test-output-stream, "ab cd ", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-emit-segments-code-label-absolute/0"/imm32
+    68/push  "ab cd "/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-next-stream-line-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . check-next-stream-line-equal(_test-output-stream, "ef gh ", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-emit-segments-code-label-absolute/1"/imm32
+    68/push  "ef gh "/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-next-stream-line-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . check-next-stream-line-equal(_test-output-stream, "ij f9 ff ff ff ", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-emit-segments-code-label-absolute/2"/imm32
+    68/push  "ij 56 10 00 00 "/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-next-stream-line-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+emit-headers:  # out: (addr buffered-file), segments: (addr stream {(handle array byte), segment-info}), labels: (addr stream {(handle array byte), label-info})
+    # pseudocode:
+    #   emit-elf-header(out, segments, labels)
+    #   var curr-segment-row: (addr handle array byte) = segments->data
+    #   max = &segments->data[segments->write]
+    #   while true
+    #     if (curr-segment >= max) break
+    #     emit-elf-program-header-entry(out, curr-segment-row)
+    #     curr-segment-row += 20                        # size of a row
+    #
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    50/push-eax
+    51/push-ecx
+    # emit-elf-header(out, segments, labels)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x10/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+16)
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  emit-elf-header/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # eax = segments
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to eax
+    # ecx = segments->write
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    # curr-segment/eax = segments->data
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy eax+12 to eax
+    # max/ecx = &segments->data[segments->write]
+    01/add                          3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # add eax to ecx
+$emit-headers:loop:
+    # if (curr-segment >= max) break
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # compare eax with ecx
+    0f 83/jump-if-addr>=  $emit-headers:end/disp32
+#?     # dump curr-segment->name {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "about to emit ph entry: segment->name: ")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "about to emit ph entry: segment->name: "/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . clear-stream($Stderr->buffer)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  $Stderr->buffer/imm32
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-int32-hex-buffered(Stderr, &curr-segment)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     50/push-eax
+#?     68/push  Stderr/imm32
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-int32-hex-buffered/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . flush(Stderr)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  Stderr/imm32
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  flush/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, " -> ")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  " -> "/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-int32-hex-buffered(Stderr, curr-segment->name)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *eax
+#?     68/push  Stderr/imm32
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-int32-hex-buffered/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . flush(Stderr)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  Stderr/imm32
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  flush/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  Newline/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+#?     # write(2/stderr, "emit-segment-header\n") {{{
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "emit-segment-header\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # emit-elf-program-header-entry(out, curr-segment)
+    # . . push args
+    50/push-eax
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  emit-elf-program-header-entry/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # curr-segment += 20                        # size of a row
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to eax
+    e9/jump  $emit-headers:loop/disp32
+$emit-headers:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    58/pop-to-eax
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+emit-elf-header:  # out: (addr buffered-file), segments: (addr stream {(handle array byte), segment-info}), labels: (addr stream {(handle array byte), label-info})
+    # pseudocode
+    #   *$Elf_e_entry = get(labels, "Entry")->address
+    #   *$Elf_e_phnum = segments->write / 20         # size of a row
+    #   emit-hex-array(out, Elf_header)
+    #   write-buffered(out, "\n")
+    #
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    50/push-eax
+    51/push-ecx
+    52/push-edx  # just because we need to call idiv
+    # *$Elf_e_entry = get(labels, "Entry")->address
+    # . eax = labels
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   0x10/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+16) to eax
+    # . label-info/eax = get(labels, "Entry", row-size=24, "label table")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "label table"/imm32
+    68/push  0x18/imm32/row-size
+    68/push  "Entry"/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  get/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x10/imm32        # add to esp
+    # . eax = label-info->address
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(eax+12) to eax
+    # . *$Elf_e_entry = eax
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           0/r32/eax   $Elf_e_entry/disp32               # copy eax to *$Elf_e_entry
+    # *$Elf_e_phnum = segments->write / 20
+    # . eax = segments
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to eax
+    # . len/eax = segments->write
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *eax to eax
+    # . eax = len / 20  (clobbering ecx and edx)
+    b9/copy-to-ecx  0x14/imm32
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # clear edx
+    f7          7/subop/idiv        3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # divide edx:eax by ecx, storing quotient in eax and remainder in edx
+    # . *$Elf_e_phnum = eax
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           0/r32/eax   $Elf_e_phnum/disp32               # copy eax to *$Elf_e_phnum
+    # emit-hex-array(out, Elf_header)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  Elf_header/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  emit-hex-array/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # write-buffered(out, "\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  Newline/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+$emit-elf-header:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    5a/pop-to-edx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    58/pop-to-eax
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+# segment-info: {address, file-offset, size}                                  (12 bytes)
+# segments: (addr stream {(handle array byte), segment-info})                 (20 bytes per row)
+emit-elf-program-header-entry:  # out: (addr buffered-file), curr-segment: (addr {(handle array byte), segment-info})
+    # pseudocode:
+    #   *$Elf_p_offset = curr-segment->file-offset
+    #   *$Elf_p_vaddr = curr-segment->address
+    #   *$Elf_p_paddr = curr-segment->address
+    #   *$Elf_p_filesz = curr-segment->size
+    #   *$Elf_p_memsz = curr-segment->size
+    #   if curr-segment->name == "code"
+    #     *$Elf_p_flags = 5  # r-x
+    #   else
+    #     *$Elf_p_flags = 6  # rw-
+    #   emit-hex-array(out, Elf_program_header_entry)
+    #   write-buffered(out, "\n")
+    #
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    50/push-eax
+    56/push-esi
+    # esi = curr-segment
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to esi
+    # *$Elf_p_offset = curr-segment->file-offset
+    # . eax = curr-segment->file-offset
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(esi+12) to eax
+    # . *$Elf_p_offset = eax
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           0/r32/eax   $Elf_p_offset/disp32              # copy eax to *$Elf_p_offset
+    # *$Elf_p_vaddr = curr-segment->address
+    # . eax = curr-segment->address
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+8) to eax
+    # . *$Elf_p_vaddr = eax
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           0/r32/eax   $Elf_p_vaddr/disp32               # copy eax to *$Elf_p_vaddr
+    # *$Elf_p_paddr = curr-segment->address
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           0/r32/eax   $Elf_p_paddr/disp32               # copy eax to *$Elf_p_paddr
+    # *$Elf_p_filesz = curr-segment->size
+    # . eax = curr-segment->size
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   0x10/disp8       .                # copy *(esi+16) to eax
+    # . *$Elf_p_filesz = eax
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           0/r32/eax   $Elf_p_filesz/disp32              # copy eax to *$Elf_p_filesz
+    # *$Elf_p_memsz = curr-segment->size
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           0/r32/eax   $Elf_p_memsz/disp32               # copy eax to *$Elf_p_memsz
+    # if (!string-equal?(name, "code") goto next check
+    # . var name/eax: (addr array byte) = lookup(curr-segment->name)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(esi+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *esi
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  lookup/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . eax = string-equal?(name, "code")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "code"/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  string-equal?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . if (eax == false) goto next check
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
+    74/jump-if-=  $emit-elf-program-header-entry:data/disp8
+    # *$Elf_p_flags = r-x
+    c7          0/subop/copy        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           $Elf_p_flags/disp32  5/imm32      # copy to *$Elf_p_flags
+    eb/jump  $emit-elf-program-header-entry:really-emit/disp8
+$emit-elf-program-header-entry:data:
+    # otherwise *$Elf_p_flags = rw-
+    c7          0/subop/copy        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           $Elf_p_flags/disp32  6/imm32      # copy to *$Elf_p_flags
+$emit-elf-program-header-entry:really-emit:
+    # emit-hex-array(out, Elf_program_header_entry)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  Elf_program_header_entry/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  emit-hex-array/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # write-buffered(out, "\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  Newline/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+$emit-elf-program-header-entry:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    5e/pop-to-esi
+    58/pop-to-eax
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+# - some helpers for tests
+
+stream-add4:  # in: (addr stream byte), key: addr, val1: addr, val2: addr, val3: addr
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    50/push-eax
+    51/push-ecx
+    52/push-edx
+    56/push-esi
+    # esi = in
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to esi
+    # curr/eax = &in->data[in->write]
+    # . eax = in->write
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *esi to eax
+    # . eax = esi+eax+12
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  0/index/eax   .           0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy esi+eax+12 to eax
+    # max/edx = &in->data[in->size]
+    # . edx = in->size
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+8) to edx
+    # . edx = esi+edx+12
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  2/index/edx   .           2/r32/edx   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy esi+edx+12 to edx
+    # if (curr >= max) abort
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare eax with edx
+    73/jump-if-addr>=  $stream-add4:abort/disp8
+    # *curr = key
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         1/r32/ecx   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to ecx
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy ecx to *eax
+    # curr += 4
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # if (curr >= max) abort
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare eax with edx
+    73/jump-if-addr>=  $stream-add4:abort/disp8
+    # *curr = val1
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         1/r32/ecx   0x10/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+16) to ecx
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy ecx to *eax
+    # curr += 4
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # if (curr >= max) abort
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare eax with edx
+    73/jump-if-addr>=  $stream-add4:abort/disp8
+    # *curr = val2
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         1/r32/ecx   0x14/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+20) to ecx
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy ecx to *eax
+    # curr += 4
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # if (curr >= max) abort
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare eax with edx
+    73/jump-if-addr>=  $stream-add4:abort/disp8
+    # *curr = val3
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         1/r32/ecx   0x18/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+24) to ecx
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy ecx to *eax
+    # in->write += 16
+    81          0/subop/add         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               0x10/imm32        # add to *esi
+$stream-add4:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    5e/pop-to-esi
+    5a/pop-to-edx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    58/pop-to-eax
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+$stream-add4:abort:
+    # . _write(2/stderr, error)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "overflow in stream-add4\n"/imm32
+    68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  _write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . syscall(exit, 1)
+    bb/copy-to-ebx  1/imm32
+    e8/call  syscall_exit/disp32
+    # never gets here
+
+stream-add5:  # in: (addr stream byte), key: handle, val1: addr, val2: addr, val3: addr
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    50/push-eax
+    51/push-ecx
+    52/push-edx
+    56/push-esi
+    # esi = in
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to esi
+    # curr/eax = &in->data[in->write]
+    # . eax = in->write
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *esi to eax
+    # . eax = esi+eax+12
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  0/index/eax   .           0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy esi+eax+12 to eax
+    # max/edx = &in->data[in->size]
+    # . edx = in->size
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+8) to edx
+    # . edx = esi+edx+12
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  2/index/edx   .           2/r32/edx   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy esi+edx+12 to edx
+    # if (curr >= max) abort
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare eax with edx
+    73/jump-if-addr>=  $stream-add5:abort/disp8
+    # *curr = key->alloc-id
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         1/r32/ecx   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to ecx
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy ecx to *eax
+    # curr += 4
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # if (curr >= max) abort
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare eax with edx
+    73/jump-if-addr>=  $stream-add5:abort/disp8
+    # *curr = key->payload
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         1/r32/ecx   0x10/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+16) to ecx
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy ecx to *eax
+    # curr += 4
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # if (curr >= max) abort
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare eax with edx
+    73/jump-if-addr>=  $stream-add5:abort/disp8
+    # *curr = val1
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         1/r32/ecx   0x14/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+20) to ecx
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy ecx to *eax
+    # curr += 4
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # if (curr >= max) abort
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare eax with edx
+    73/jump-if-addr>=  $stream-add5:abort/disp8
+    # *curr = val2
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         1/r32/ecx   0x18/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+24) to ecx
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy ecx to *eax
+    # curr += 4
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # if (curr >= max) abort
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare eax with edx
+    73/jump-if-addr>=  $stream-add5:abort/disp8
+    # *curr = val3
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         1/r32/ecx   0x1c/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+28) to ecx
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy ecx to *eax
+    # in->write += 20
+    81          0/subop/add         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to *esi
+$stream-add5:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    5e/pop-to-esi
+    5a/pop-to-edx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    58/pop-to-eax
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+$stream-add5:abort:
+    # . _write(2/stderr, error)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "overflow in stream-add5\n"/imm32
+    68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  _write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . syscall(exit, 1)
+    bb/copy-to-ebx  1/imm32
+    e8/call  syscall_exit/disp32
+    # never gets here
+
+stream-add6:  # in: (addr stream byte), key: handle, val1: addr, val2: addr, val3: addr, val4: addr
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    50/push-eax
+    51/push-ecx
+    52/push-edx
+    56/push-esi
+    # esi = in
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to esi
+    # curr/eax = &in->data[in->write]
+    # . eax = in->write
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *esi to eax
+    # . eax = esi+eax+12
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  0/index/eax   .           0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy esi+eax+12 to eax
+    # max/edx = &in->data[in->size]
+    # . edx = in->size
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+8) to edx
+    # . edx = esi+edx+12
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  2/index/edx   .           2/r32/edx   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy esi+edx+12 to edx
+    # if (curr >= max) abort
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare eax with edx
+    73/jump-if-addr>=  $stream-add6:abort/disp8
+    # *curr = key->alloc-id
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         1/r32/ecx   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to ecx
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy ecx to *eax
+    # curr += 4
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # if (curr >= max) abort
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare eax with edx
+    73/jump-if-addr>=  $stream-add6:abort/disp8
+    # *curr = key->payload
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         1/r32/ecx   0x10/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+16) to ecx
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy ecx to *eax
+    # curr += 4
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # if (curr >= max) abort
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare eax with edx
+    73/jump-if-addr>=  $stream-add6:abort/disp8
+    # *curr = val1
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         1/r32/ecx   0x14/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+20) to ecx
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy ecx to *eax
+    # curr += 4
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # if (curr >= max) abort
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare eax with edx
+    73/jump-if-addr>=  $stream-add6:abort/disp8
+    # *curr = val2
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         1/r32/ecx   0x18/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+24) to ecx
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy ecx to *eax
+    # curr += 4
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # if (curr >= max) abort
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare eax with edx
+    73/jump-if-addr>=  $stream-add6:abort/disp8
+$aa-write-segment-offset:
+    # *curr = val3
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         1/r32/ecx   0x1c/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+28) to ecx
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy ecx to *eax
+    # curr += 4
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # if (curr >= max) abort
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare eax with edx
+    73/jump-if-addr>=  $stream-add6:abort/disp8
+    # *curr = val4
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         1/r32/ecx   0x20/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+32) to ecx
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy ecx to *eax
+    # in->write += 24
+    81          0/subop/add         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               0x18/imm32        # add to *esi
+$stream-add6:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    5e/pop-to-esi
+    5a/pop-to-edx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    58/pop-to-eax
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+$stream-add6:abort:
+    # . _write(2/stderr, error)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "overflow in stream-add6\n"/imm32
+    68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  _write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . syscall(exit, 1)
+    bb/copy-to-ebx  1/imm32
+    e8/call  syscall_exit/disp32
+    # never gets here
+
+# some variants of 'trace' that take multiple arguments in different combinations of types:
+#   n: int
+#   c: character [4-bytes, will eventually be UTF-8]
+#   s: (addr array byte)
+#   l: (addr slice)
+# one gotcha: 's5' must not be empty
+
+trace-sssns:  # s1: (addr array byte), s2: (addr array byte), s3: (addr array byte), n4: int, s5: (addr array byte)
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # write(*Trace-stream, s1)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # write(*Trace-stream, s2)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # write(*Trace-stream, s3)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x10/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+16)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # write-int32-hex(*Trace-stream, n4)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x14/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+20)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-int32-hex/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # trace(s5)  # implicitly adds a newline and finalizes the trace line
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x18/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+24)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  trace/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+$trace-sssns:end:
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-trace-sssns:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . *Trace-stream->write = 0
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           0/r32/eax   Trace-stream/disp32               # copy *Trace-stream to eax
+    c7          0/subop/copy        0/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               0/imm32           # clear *eax
+    # trace-sssns("A" "b" "c " 3 " e")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  " e"/imm32
+    68/push  3/imm32
+    68/push  "c "/imm32
+    68/push  "b"/imm32
+    68/push  "A"/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  trace-sssns/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to esp
+#?     # dump *Trace-stream {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, *Trace-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # check-trace-contains("Abc 0x00000003 e")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-trace-sssns"/imm32
+    68/push  "Abc 0x00000003 e"/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+trace-snsns:  # s1: (addr array byte), n2: int, s3: (addr array byte), n4: int, s5: (addr array byte)
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # write(*Trace-stream, s1)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # write-int32-hex(*Trace-stream, n2)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-int32-hex/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # write(*Trace-stream, s3)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x10/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+16)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # write-int32-hex(*Trace-stream, n4)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x14/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+20)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-int32-hex/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # trace(s5)  # implicitly adds a newline and finalizes the trace line
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x18/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+24)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  trace/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+$trace-snsns:end:
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-trace-snsns:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . *Trace-stream->write = 0
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           0/r32/eax   Trace-stream/disp32               # copy *Trace-stream to eax
+    c7          0/subop/copy        0/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               0/imm32           # clear *eax
+    # trace-snsns("A " 2 " c " 3 " e")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  " e"/imm32
+    68/push  3/imm32
+    68/push  " c "/imm32
+    68/push  2/imm32
+    68/push  "A "/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  trace-snsns/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to esp
+#?     # dump *Trace-stream {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, *Trace-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # check-trace-contains("Abc 0x00000003 e")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-trace-snsns"/imm32
+    68/push  "A 0x00000002 c 0x00000003 e"/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+trace-slsls:  # s1: (addr array byte), l2: (addr slice), s3: (addr array byte), l4: (addr slice), s5: (addr array byte)
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # write(*Trace-stream, s1)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # write-slice(*Trace-stream, l2)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # write(*Trace-stream, s3)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x10/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+16)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # write-slice(*Trace-stream, l4)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x14/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+20)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # trace(s5)  # implicitly adds a newline and finalizes the trace line
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x18/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+24)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  trace/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+$trace-slsls:end:
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-trace-slsls:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . *Trace-stream->write = 0
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           0/r32/eax   Trace-stream/disp32               # copy *Trace-stream to eax
+    c7          0/subop/copy        0/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               0/imm32           # clear *eax
+    # (eax..ecx) = "b"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "b"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # var b/ebx: slice = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebx
+    # (eax..ecx) = "d"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "d"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # var d/edx: slice = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to edx
+    # trace-slsls("A" b "c" d "e")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "e"/imm32
+    52/push-edx
+    68/push  "c"/imm32
+    53/push-ebx
+    68/push  "A"/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  trace-slsls/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to esp
+#?     # dump *Trace-stream {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, *Trace-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # check-trace-contains("Abcde")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-trace-slsls"/imm32
+    68/push  "Abcde"/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+trace-slsns:  # s1: (addr array byte), l2: (addr slice), s3: (addr array byte), n4: int, s5: (addr array byte)
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # write(*Trace-stream, s1)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # write-slice(*Trace-stream, l2)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # write(*Trace-stream, s3)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x10/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+16)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # write-int32-hex(*Trace-stream, n4)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x14/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+20)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-int32-hex/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # trace(s5)  # implicitly adds a newline and finalizes the trace line
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x18/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+24)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  trace/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+$trace-slsns:end:
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-trace-slsns:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . *Trace-stream->write = 0
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           0/r32/eax   Trace-stream/disp32               # copy *Trace-stream to eax
+    c7          0/subop/copy        0/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               0/imm32           # clear *eax
+    # (eax..ecx) = "b"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "b"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # var b/ebx: slice = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebx
+    # trace-slsls("A" b "c " 3 " e")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  " e"/imm32
+    68/push  3/imm32
+    68/push  "c "/imm32
+    53/push-ebx
+    68/push  "A"/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  trace-slsns/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to esp
+#?     # dump *Trace-stream {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, *Trace-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # check-trace-contains("Abc 0x00000003 e")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-trace-slsls"/imm32
+    68/push  "Abc 0x00000003 e"/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+trace-slsss:  # s1: (addr array byte), l2: (addr slice), s3: (addr array byte), s4: (addr array byte), s5: (addr array byte)
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # write(*Trace-stream, s1)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # write-slice(*Trace-stream, l2)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # write(*Trace-stream, s3)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x10/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+16)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # write(*Trace-stream, s4)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x14/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+20)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # trace(s5)  # implicitly adds a newline and finalizes the trace line
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x18/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+24)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  trace/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+$trace-slsss:end:
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-trace-slsss:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . *Trace-stream->write = 0
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           0/r32/eax   Trace-stream/disp32               # copy *Trace-stream to eax
+    c7          0/subop/copy        0/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               0/imm32           # clear *eax
+    # (eax..ecx) = "b"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "b"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # var b/ebx: slice = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebx
+    # trace-slsss("A" b "c" "d" "e")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "e"/imm32
+    68/push  "d"/imm32
+    68/push  "c"/imm32
+    53/push-ebx
+    68/push  "A"/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  trace-slsss/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to esp
+#?     # dump *Trace-stream {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, *Trace-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Trace-stream/disp32               # push *Trace-stream
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # check-trace-contains("Abcde")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-trace-slsss"/imm32
+    68/push  "Abcde"/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-trace-contains/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+num-bytes:  # line: (addr stream byte) -> eax: int
+    # pseudocode:
+    #   result = 0
+    #   while true
+    #     var word-slice = next-word(line)
+    #     if slice-empty?(word-slice)             # end of line
+    #       break
+    #     if slice-starts-with?(word-slice, "#")  # comment
+    #       break
+    #     if is-label?(word-slice)                # no need for label declarations anymore
+    #       break
+    #     if slice-equal?(word-slice, "==")
+    #       break                                 # no need for segment header lines
+    #     result += compute-width(word-slice)
+    #   return result
+    #
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    51/push-ecx
+    52/push-edx
+    53/push-ebx
+    # var result/eax = 0
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # clear eax
+    # var word-slice/ecx: slice
+    68/push  0/imm32/end
+    68/push  0/imm32/start
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+#?     # dump line {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "LL: ")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "LL: "/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # write-stream(2/stderr, line)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # . rewind-stream(line)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  rewind-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+$num-bytes:loop:
+    # next-word(line, word-slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-word/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # dump word-slice {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "AA: ")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "AA: "/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . clear-stream($Stderr->buffer)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  $Stderr->buffer/imm32
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-slice-buffered(Stderr, word-slice)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     51/push-ecx
+#?     68/push  Stderr/imm32
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-slice-buffered/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . flush(Stderr)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  Stderr/imm32
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  flush/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+$num-bytes:check0:
+    # if (slice-empty?(word-slice)) break
+    # . save result
+    50/push-eax
+    # . eax = slice-empty?(word-slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  slice-empty?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . if (eax != false) break
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
+    # . restore result now that ZF is set
+    58/pop-to-eax
+    75/jump-if-!=  $num-bytes:end/disp8
+$num-bytes:check-for-comment:
+    # if (slice-starts-with?(word-slice, "#")) break
+    # . start/edx = word-slice->start
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # copy *ecx to edx
+    # . c/ebx = *start
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # clear ebx
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           3/r32/BL    .               .                 # copy byte at *edx to BL
+    # . if (ebx == '#') break
+    81          7/subop/compare     3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               0x23/imm32/hash   # compare ebx
+    74/jump-if-=  $num-bytes:end/disp8
+$num-bytes:check-for-label:
+    # if (slice-ends-with?(word-slice, ":")) break
+    # . end/edx = word-slice->end
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(ecx+4) to edx
+    # . c/ebx = *(end-1)
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # clear ebx
+    8a/copy-byte                    1/mod/*+disp8   2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           3/r32/BL    -1/disp8        .                 # copy byte at *ecx to BL
+    # . if (ebx == ':') break
+    81          7/subop/compare     3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               0x3a/imm32/colon  # compare ebx
+    74/jump-if-=  $num-bytes:end/disp8
+$num-bytes:check-for-segment-header:
+    # if (slice-equal?(word-slice, "==")) break
+    # . push result
+    50/push-eax
+    # . eax = slice-equal?(word-slice, "==")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "=="/imm32
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  slice-equal?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . if (eax != false) break
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
+    # . restore result now that ZF is set
+    58/pop-to-eax
+    75/jump-if-!=  $num-bytes:end/disp8
+$num-bytes:loop-body:
+    # result += compute-width-of-slice(word-slice)
+    # . copy result to edx
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to edx
+    # . eax = compute-width-of-slice(word-slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call compute-width-of-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . eax += result
+    01/add                          3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # add edx to eax
+    e9/jump  $num-bytes:loop/disp32
+$num-bytes:end:
+    # . rewind-stream(line)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  rewind-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . reclaim locals
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . restore registers
+    5b/pop-to-ebx
+    5a/pop-to-edx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-num-bytes-handles-empty-string:
+    # if a line starts with '#', return 0
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # no contents in input
+    # eax = num-bytes(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  num-bytes/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-num-bytes-handles-empty-string"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32/true
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-num-bytes-ignores-comments:
+    # if a line starts with '#', return 0
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # initialize input
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "# abcd")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "# abcd"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # eax = num-bytes(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  num-bytes/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-num-bytes-ignores-comments"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32/true
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-num-bytes-ignores-labels:
+    # if the first word ends with ':', return 0
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # initialize input
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "ab: # cd")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "ab: # cd"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # eax = num-bytes(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  num-bytes/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-num-bytes-ignores-labels"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32/true
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-num-bytes-ignores-segment-headers:
+    # if the first word is '==', return 0
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # initialize input
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "== ab cd")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "== ab cd"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # eax = num-bytes(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  num-bytes/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-num-bytes-ignores-segment-headers"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32/true
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-num-bytes-counts-words-by-default:
+    # without metadata, count words
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # initialize input
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "ab cd ef")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "ab cd ef"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # eax = num-bytes(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  num-bytes/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 3, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-num-bytes-counts-words-by-default"/imm32
+    68/push  3/imm32/true
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-num-bytes-ignores-trailing-comment:
+    # trailing comments appropriately ignored
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # initialize input
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "ab cd # ef")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "ab cd # ef"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # eax = num-bytes(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  num-bytes/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 2, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-num-bytes-ignores-trailing-comment"/imm32
+    68/push  2/imm32/true
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-num-bytes-handles-imm32:
+    # if a word has the /imm32 metadata, count it as 4 bytes
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # initialize input
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "ab cd/imm32 ef")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "ab cd/imm32 ef"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # eax = num-bytes(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  num-bytes/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 6, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-num-bytes-handles-imm32"/imm32
+    68/push  6/imm32/true
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+== data
+
+# This block of bytes gets copied to the start of the output ELF file, with
+# some fields (the ones with labels capitalized) filled in.
+# http://www.sco.com/developers/gabi/latest/ch4.eheader.html
+Elf_header:
+  # - size
+  0x34/imm32
+  # - data
+$e_ident:
+  7f 45/E 4c/L 46/F
+  01/32-bit  01/little-endian  01/file-version  00/no-os-extensions
+  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  # 8 bytes of padding
+$e_type:
+  02 00
+$e_machine:
+  03 00
+$e_version:
+  1/imm32
+$Elf_e_entry:
+  0x09000000/imm32  # approximate default; must be updated
+$e_phoff:
+  0x34/imm32  # offset for the 'program header table' containing segment headers
+$e_shoff:
+  0/imm32  # no sections
+$e_flags:
+  0/imm32  # unused
+$e_ehsize:
+  0x34 00
+$e_phentsize:
+  0x20 00
+$Elf_e_phnum:
+  00 00  # number of segments; must be updated
+$e_shentsize:
+  00 00  # no sections
+$e_shnum:
+  00 00
+$e_shstrndx:
+  00 00
+
+# This block of bytes gets copied after the Elf_header once for each segment.
+# Some fields need filling in each time.
+# https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19683-01/816-1386/chapter6-83432/index.html
+Elf_program_header_entry:
+  # - size
+  0x20/imm32
+  # - data
+$p_type:
+  1/imm32/PT_LOAD
+$Elf_p_offset:
+  0/imm32  # byte offset in the file at which a segment begins; must be updated
+$Elf_p_vaddr:
+  0/imm32  # starting address to store the segment at before running the program
+$Elf_p_paddr:
+  0/imm32  # should have same value as $Elf_p_vaddr
+$Elf_p_filesz:
+  0/imm32
+$Elf_p_memsz:
+  0/imm32  # should have same value as $Elf_p_filesz
+$Elf_p_flags:
+  6/imm32/rw-  # read/write/execute permissions for the segment; must be updated for the code segment
+$p_align:
+  # we hold this constant; changing it will require adjusting the way we
+  # compute the starting address for each segment
+  0x1000/imm32
+
+# . . vim:nowrap:textwidth=0
diff --git a/test_apps b/test_apps
index eb376356..1d538fa3 100755
--- a/test_apps
+++ b/test_apps
@@ -234,6 +234,23 @@ do
   }
 done
 
+# One phase variant for translating SubX to baremetal. (Other phases are reused.)
+
+for phase in survey_baremetal
+do
+  echo $phase
+  ./bootstrap_bin translate init.linux [01]*.subx apps/subx-params.subx apps/$phase.subx -o apps/$phase
+  test "$1" = 'record'  ||  git diff --exit-code apps/$phase
+  {
+    ./bootstrap_bin run apps/$phase test
+    echo
+  }
+  {
+    apps/$phase test
+    echo
+  }
+done
+
 # Higher-level syntax.
 
 # Certain phases of translation run native beyond this point. We're starting
diff --git a/test_apps_emulated b/test_apps_emulated
index e0ee0883..54b04edc 100755
--- a/test_apps_emulated
+++ b/test_apps_emulated
@@ -168,6 +168,19 @@ do
   }
 done
 
+# One phase variant for translating SubX to baremetal. (Other phases are reused.)
+
+for phase in survey_baremetal
+do
+  echo $phase
+  ./bootstrap_bin translate init.linux [01]*.subx apps/subx-params.subx apps/$phase.subx -o apps/$phase
+  test "$1" = 'record'  ||  git diff --exit-code apps/$phase
+  {
+    ./bootstrap_bin run apps/$phase test
+    echo
+  }
+done
+
 # Higher-level syntax.
 
 # Certain phases of translation run native beyond this point. We're starting