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authorKartik Agaram <vc@akkartik.com>2021-01-22 23:29:04 -0800
committerKartik Agaram <vc@akkartik.com>2021-01-22 23:29:04 -0800
commit0f73127ef1eba0a8ea814c26115523da3590ffe2 (patch)
treef2480aea129e680e5fc995e730e2083074c44b32 /baremetal
parenta451b2e14f06c19eaf98f32dcc2b45e2940a570b (diff)
downloadmu-0f73127ef1eba0a8ea814c26115523da3590ffe2.tar.gz
7547 - baremetal: rpn calculator
Still in progress. Known bugs:
* Cursor management is broken. Every line currently seems to leave
  behind a shadow cursor.
* No shift-key support yet, which means no addition or multiplication.
  (This app doesn't have division yet.)
Diffstat (limited to 'baremetal')
-rw-r--r--baremetal/105string-equal.subx256
-rw-r--r--baremetal/115write-byte.subx2
-rw-r--r--baremetal/123slice.subx1069
-rw-r--r--baremetal/124next-token.subx1925
-rw-r--r--baremetal/127next-word.subx362
-rw-r--r--baremetal/311decimal-int.subx427
-rw-r--r--baremetal/400.mu17
-rw-r--r--baremetal/boot.hex13
-rw-r--r--baremetal/rpn.mu152
9 files changed, 4217 insertions, 6 deletions
diff --git a/baremetal/105string-equal.subx b/baremetal/105string-equal.subx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2289e514
--- /dev/null
+++ b/baremetal/105string-equal.subx
@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+# Comparing 'regular' size-prefixed strings.
+
+== code
+#   instruction                     effective address                                                   register    displacement    immediate
+# . op          subop               mod             rm32          base        index         scale       r32
+# . 1-3 bytes   3 bits              2 bits          3 bits        3 bits      3 bits        2 bits      2 bits      0/1/2/4 bytes   0/1/2/4 bytes
+
+string-equal?:  # s: (addr array byte), benchmark: (addr array byte) -> result/eax: boolean
+    # pseudocode:
+    #   if (s->size != benchmark->size) return false
+    #   return string-starts-with?(s, benchmark)
+    #
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    51/push-ecx
+    56/push-esi
+    57/push-edi
+    # esi = s
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to esi
+    # edi = benchmark
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           7/r32/edi   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to edi
+    # ecx = s->size
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *esi to ecx
+$string-equal?:sizes:
+    # if (ecx != benchmark->size) return false
+    39/compare                      0/mod/indirect  7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # compare *edi and ecx
+    b8/copy-to-eax  0/imm32/false
+    75/jump-if-!=  $string-equal?:end/disp8
+$string-equal?:contents:
+    # string-starts-with?(s, benchmark)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  string-starts-with?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+$string-equal?:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    5f/pop-to-edi
+    5e/pop-to-esi
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+string-starts-with?:  # s: (addr array byte), benchmark: (addr array byte) -> result/eax: boolean
+    # pseudocode:
+    #   if (s->size < benchmark->size) return false
+    #   currs = s->data
+    #   currb = benchmark->data
+    #   maxb = &benchmark->data[benchmark->size]
+    #   while currb < maxb
+    #     c1 = *currs
+    #     c2 = *currb
+    #     if (c1 != c2) return false
+    #     ++currs, ++currb
+    #   return true
+    #
+    # registers:
+    #   currs: esi
+    #   maxs: ecx
+    #   currb: edi
+    #   c1: eax
+    #   c2: ebx
+    #
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    51/push-ecx
+    52/push-edx
+    56/push-esi
+    57/push-edi
+    # esi = s
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to esi
+    # edi = benchmark
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           7/r32/edi   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to edi
+    # var bsize/ecx: int = benchmark->size
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *edi to ecx
+$string-starts-with?:sizes:
+    # if (s->size < bsize) return false
+    39/compare                      0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # compare *esi with ecx
+    7c/jump-if-<  $string-starts-with?:false/disp8
+    # var currs/esi: (addr byte) = s->data
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esi
+    # var currb/edi: (addr byte) = benchmark->data
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to edi
+    # var maxb/ecx: (addr byte) = &benchmark->data[benchmark->size]
+    01/add                          3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           7/r32/edi   .               .                 # add edi to ecx
+    # var c1/eax: byte = 0
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # clear eax
+    # var c2/edx: byte = 0
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # clear edx
+$string-starts-with?:loop:
+    # if (currs >= maxs) return true
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # compare edi with ecx
+    73/jump-if-addr>=  $string-starts-with?:true/disp8
+    # c1 = *currs
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *esi to AL
+    # c2 = *currb
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           2/r32/DL    .               .                 # copy byte at *edi to DL
+    # if (c1 != c2) return false
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare eax and edx
+    75/jump-if-!=  $string-starts-with?:false/disp8
+    # ++currs
+    46/increment-esi
+    # ++currb
+    47/increment-edi
+    eb/jump  $string-starts-with?:loop/disp8
+$string-starts-with?:true:
+    b8/copy-to-eax  1/imm32
+    eb/jump  $string-starts-with?:end/disp8
+$string-starts-with?:false:
+    b8/copy-to-eax  0/imm32
+$string-starts-with?:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    5f/pop-to-edi
+    5e/pop-to-esi
+    5a/pop-to-edx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+# - tests
+
+test-compare-empty-with-empty-string:
+    # eax = string-equal?("", "")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  ""/imm32
+    68/push  ""/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  string-equal?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 1, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-compare-empty-with-empty-string"/imm32
+    68/push  1/imm32/true
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    c3/return
+
+test-compare-empty-with-non-empty-string:  # also checks size-mismatch code path
+    # eax = string-equal?("", "Abc")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "Abc"/imm32
+    68/push  ""/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  string-equal?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-compare-empty-with-non-empty-string"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32/false
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    c3/return
+
+test-compare-equal-strings:
+    # eax = string-equal?("Abc", "Abc")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "Abc"/imm32
+    68/push  "Abc"/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  string-equal?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 1, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-compare-equal-strings"/imm32
+    68/push  1/imm32/true
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    c3/return
+
+test-compare-inequal-strings-equal-sizes:
+    # eax = string-equal?("Abc", "Adc")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "Adc"/imm32
+    68/push  "Abc"/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  string-equal?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-compare-inequal-strings-equal-sizes"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32/false
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    c3/return
+
+# helper for later tests
+check-strings-equal:  # s: (addr array byte), expected: (addr array byte), msg: (addr array byte)
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    50/push-eax
+    # var eax: boolean = string-equal?(s, expected)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  string-equal?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 1, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x10/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+16)
+    68/push  1/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+$check-strings-equal:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    58/pop-to-eax
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+# test the helper
+test-check-strings-equal:
+    # check-strings-equal("Abc", "Abc")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "Abc"/imm32
+    68/push  "Abc"/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-strings-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    c3/return
+
+# . . vim:nowrap:textwidth=0
diff --git a/baremetal/115write-byte.subx b/baremetal/115write-byte.subx
index 45cf9950..0d1e52f0 100644
--- a/baremetal/115write-byte.subx
+++ b/baremetal/115write-byte.subx
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ $append-byte:end:
     c3/return
 
 $append-byte:abort:
-    (draw-text-wrapping-down-then-right-from-cursor-over-full-screen 0 "append-byte: out of space\n" 3)  # 3=cyan
+    (draw-text-wrapping-right-then-down-from-cursor-over-full-screen 0 "append-byte: out of space\n" 3)  # 3=cyan
     {
       eb/jump loop/disp8
     }
diff --git a/baremetal/123slice.subx b/baremetal/123slice.subx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d3f4c70f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/baremetal/123slice.subx
@@ -0,0 +1,1069 @@
+# new data structure: a slice is an open interval of addresses [start, end)
+# that includes 'start' but not 'end'
+
+== code
+#   instruction                     effective address                                                   register    displacement    immediate
+# . op          subop               mod             rm32          base        index         scale       r32
+# . 1-3 bytes   3 bits              2 bits          3 bits        3 bits      3 bits        2 bits      2 bits      0/1/2/4 bytes   0/1/2/4 bytes
+
+slice-empty?:  # s: (addr slice) -> result/eax: boolean
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    51/push-ecx
+    # ecx = s
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to ecx
+    # if (s->start >= s->end) return true
+    # . eax = s->start
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *ecx to eax
+    # . if (eax >= s->end) return true
+    3b/compare                      1/mod/*+disp8   1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # compare eax with *(ecx+4)
+    b8/copy-to-eax  1/imm32/true
+    73/jump-if-addr>=  $slice-empty?:end/disp8
+    b8/copy-to-eax  0/imm32/false
+$slice-empty?:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-slice-empty-true:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # var slice/ecx: slice = {34, 34}
+    68/push  34/imm32/end
+    68/push  34/imm32/start
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # slice-empty?(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  slice-empty?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 1, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-slice-empty-true"/imm32
+    68/push  1/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-slice-empty-false:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # var slice/ecx: slice = {32, 34}
+    68/push  34/imm32/end
+    68/push  32/imm32/start
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # slice-empty?(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  slice-empty?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-slice-empty-false"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-slice-empty-if-start-greater-than-end:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # var slice/ecx: slice = {34, 32}
+    68/push  32/imm32/end
+    68/push  34/imm32/start
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # slice-empty?(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  slice-empty?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 1, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-slice-empty-if-start-greater-than-end"/imm32
+    68/push  1/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+slice-equal?:  # s: (addr slice), p: (addr array byte) -> result/eax: boolean
+    # pseudocode:
+    #   if (p == 0) return (s == 0)
+    #   currs = s->start
+    #   maxs = s->end
+    #   if (maxs - currs != p->size) return false
+    #   currp = p->data
+    #   while currs < maxs
+    #     if (*currs != *currp) return false
+    #     ++currs
+    #     ++currp
+    #   return true
+    #
+    # registers:
+    #   currs: edx
+    #   maxs: esi
+    #   currp: ebx
+    #   *currs: eax
+    #   *currp: ecx
+    #
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    51/push-ecx
+    52/push-edx
+    53/push-ebx
+    56/push-esi
+    # esi = s
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to esi
+    # var currs/edx: (addr byte) = s->start
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # copy *esi to edx
+    # var maxs/esi: (addr byte) = s->end
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+4) to esi
+    # var ssize/eax: int = maxs - currs
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   .               .                 # copy esi to eax
+    29/subtract                     3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # subtract edx from eax
+    # ebx = p
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to ebx
+    # if (p != 0) goto next check
+    81          7/subop/compare     3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               0/imm32           # compare ebx
+    75/jump-if-!=  $slice-equal?:nonnull-string/disp8
+$slice-equal?:null-string:
+    # return s->start == s->end
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32
+    74/jump-if-=  $slice-equal?:true/disp8
+    eb/jump  $slice-equal?:false/disp8
+$slice-equal?:nonnull-string:
+    # if (ssize != p->size) return false
+    39/compare                      0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # compare *ebx and eax
+    75/jump-if-!=  $slice-equal?:false/disp8
+    # var currp/ebx: (addr byte) = p->data
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ebx
+    # var c1/eax: byte = 0
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # clear eax
+    # var c2/ecx: byte = 0
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # clear ecx
+$slice-equal?:loop:
+    # if (currs >= maxs) return true
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   .               .                 # compare edx with esi
+    73/jump-if-addr>=  $slice-equal?:true/disp8
+    # c1 = *currp
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *ebx to AL
+    # c2 = *currs
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           1/r32/CL    .               .                 # copy byte at *edx to CL
+    # if (c1 != c2) return false
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # compare eax and ecx
+    75/jump-if-!=  $slice-equal?:false/disp8
+    # ++currp
+    43/increment-ebx
+    # ++currs
+    42/increment-edx
+    eb/jump $slice-equal?:loop/disp8
+$slice-equal?:false:
+    b8/copy-to-eax  0/imm32
+    eb/jump  $slice-equal?:end/disp8
+$slice-equal?:true:
+    b8/copy-to-eax  1/imm32
+$slice-equal?:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    5e/pop-to-esi
+    5b/pop-to-ebx
+    5a/pop-to-edx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-slice-equal:
+    # - slice-equal?(slice("Abc"), "Abc") == 1
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # (eax..ecx) = "Abc"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "Abc"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ecx: slice = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # eax = slice-equal?(ecx, "Abc")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "Abc"/imm32
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  slice-equal?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 1, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-slice-equal"/imm32
+    68/push  1/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-slice-equal-false:
+    # - slice-equal?(slice("bcd"), "Abc") == 0
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # (eax..ecx) = "bcd"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "bcd"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ecx: slice = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # eax = slice-equal?(ecx, "Abc")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "Abc"/imm32
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  slice-equal?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-slice-equal-false"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-slice-equal-too-long:
+    # - slice-equal?(slice("Abcd"), "Abc") == 0
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # (eax..ecx) = "Abcd"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "Abcd"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ecx: slice = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # eax = slice-equal?(ecx, "Abc")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "Abc"/imm32
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  slice-equal?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-slice-equal-too-long"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-slice-equal-too-short:
+    # - slice-equal?(slice("A"), "Abc") == 0
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # (eax..ecx) = "A"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "A"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ecx: slice = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # eax = slice-equal?(ecx, "Abc")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "Abc"/imm32
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  slice-equal?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-slice-equal-too-short"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-slice-equal-empty:
+    # - slice-equal?(slice(""), "Abc") == 0
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # var slice/ecx: slice
+    68/push  0/imm32/end
+    68/push  0/imm32/start
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # eax = slice-equal?(ecx, "Abc")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "Abc"/imm32
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  slice-equal?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-slice-equal-empty"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-slice-equal-with-empty:
+    # - slice-equal?(slice("Ab"), "") == 0
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # (eax..ecx) = "Ab"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "Ab"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ecx: slice = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # eax = slice-equal?(ecx, "")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  ""/imm32
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  slice-equal?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-slice-equal-with-empty"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-slice-equal-empty-with-empty:
+    # - slice-equal?(slice(""), "") == 1
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # var slice/ecx: slice
+    68/push  0/imm32/end
+    68/push  0/imm32/start
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # eax = slice-equal?(ecx, "")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  ""/imm32
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  slice-equal?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 1, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-slice-equal-empty-with-empty"/imm32
+    68/push  1/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-slice-equal-with-null:
+    # - slice-equal?(slice("Ab"), null) == 0
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # (eax..ecx) = "Ab"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "Ab"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ecx: slice = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # eax = slice-equal?(ecx, 0)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  slice-equal?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-slice-equal-with-null"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+slice-starts-with?:  # s: (addr slice), head: (addr array byte) -> result/eax: boolean
+    # pseudocode
+    #   hsize = head->size
+    #   if (hsize > s->end - s->start) return false
+    #   i = 0
+    #   currs = s->start
+    #   currp = head->data
+    #   while i < hsize
+    #     if (*currs != *currh) return false
+    #     ++i
+    #     ++currs
+    #     ++currh
+    #   return true
+    #
+    # registers:
+    #   currs: esi
+    #   currh: edi
+    #   *currs: eax
+    #   *currh: ebx
+    #   i: ecx
+    #   hsize: edx
+    #
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    51/push-ecx
+    52/push-edx
+    53/push-ebx
+    56/push-esi
+    57/push-edi
+    # esi = s
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to esi
+    # var lens/ecx: int = s->end - s->start
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+4) to ecx
+    2b/subtract                     0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # subtract *esi from ecx
+    # edi = head
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           7/r32/edi   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to edi
+    # var hsize/edx: int = head->size
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # copy *edi to edx
+    # if (hsize > lens) return false
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # compare edx with ecx
+    7f/jump-if->  $slice-starts-with?:false/disp8
+    # var currs/esi: (addr byte) = s->start
+    8b/subtract                     0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   .               .                 # copy *esi to esi
+    # var currh/edi: (addr byte) = head->data
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to edi
+    # var i/ecx: int = 0
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # clear ecx
+    # var c1/eax: byte = 0
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # clear eax
+    # var c2/ebx: byte = 0
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # clear ebx
+$slice-starts-with?:loop:
+    # if (i >= hsize) return true
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare ecx with edx
+    7d/jump-if->=  $slice-starts-with?:true/disp8
+    # c1 = *currs
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *esi to AL
+    # c2 = *currh
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           3/r32/BL    .               .                 # copy byte at *edi to BL
+    # if (c1 != c2) return false
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # compare eax and ebx
+    75/jump-if-!=  $slice-starts-with?:false/disp8
+    # ++i
+    41/increment-ecx
+    # ++currs
+    46/increment-esi
+    # ++currh
+    47/increment-edi
+    eb/jump $slice-starts-with?:loop/disp8
+$slice-starts-with?:true:
+    b8/copy-to-eax  1/imm32
+    eb/jump  $slice-starts-with?:end/disp8
+$slice-starts-with?:false:
+    b8/copy-to-eax  0/imm32
+$slice-starts-with?:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    5f/pop-to-edi
+    5e/pop-to-esi
+    5b/pop-to-ebx
+    5a/pop-to-edx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-slice-starts-with-single-character:
+    # - slice-starts-with?(slice("Abc"), "A") == 1
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # (eax..ecx) = "Abc"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "Abc"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ecx: slice = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # eax = slice-starts-with?(ecx, "A")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "A"/imm32
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  slice-starts-with?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 1, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-slice-starts-with-single-character"/imm32
+    68/push  1/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-slice-starts-with-empty-string:
+    # - slice-starts-with?(slice("Abc"), "") == 1
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # (eax..ecx) = "Abc"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "Abc"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ecx: slice = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # eax = slice-starts-with?(ecx, "")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  ""/imm32
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  slice-starts-with?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 1, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-slice-starts-with-empty-string"/imm32
+    68/push  1/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-slice-starts-with-multiple-characters:
+    # - slice-starts-with?(slice("Abc"), "Ab") == 1
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # (eax..ecx) = "Abc"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "Abc"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ecx: slice = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # eax = slice-starts-with?(ecx, "Ab")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "Ab"/imm32
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  slice-starts-with?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 1, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-slice-starts-with-multiple-characters"/imm32
+    68/push  1/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-slice-starts-with-entire-string:
+    # - slice-starts-with?(slice("Abc"), "Abc") == 1
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # (eax..ecx) = "Abc"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "Abc"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ecx: slice = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # eax = slice-starts-with?(ecx, "Abc")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "Abc"/imm32
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  slice-starts-with?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 1, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-slice-starts-with-entire-string"/imm32
+    68/push  1/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-slice-starts-with-fails:
+    # - slice-starts-with?(slice("Abc"), "Abd") == 1
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # (eax..ecx) = "Abc"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "Abc"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ecx: slice = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # eax = slice-starts-with?(ecx, "Abd")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "Abd"/imm32
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  slice-starts-with?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-slice-starts-with-fails"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-slice-starts-with-fails-2:
+    # - slice-starts-with?(slice("Abc"), "Ac") == 1
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # (eax..ecx) = "Abc"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "Abc"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ecx: slice = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # eax = slice-starts-with?(ecx, "Ac")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "Ac"/imm32
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  slice-starts-with?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-slice-starts-with-fails-2"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+# write a slice to a stream
+# abort if the stream doesn't have enough space
+write-slice:  # out: (addr stream byte), s: (addr slice)
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    50/push-eax
+    51/push-ecx
+    52/push-edx
+    53/push-ebx
+    56/push-esi
+    57/push-edi
+    # esi = s
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to esi
+    # var curr/ecx: (addr byte) = s->start
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *esi to ecx
+    # var max/esi: (addr byte) = s->end
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+4) to esi
+    # edi = out
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         7/r32/edi   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to edi
+    # edx = out->size
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(edi+8) to edx
+    # ebx = out->write
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # copy *edi to ebx
+$write-slice:loop:
+    # if (curr >= max) break
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   .               .                 # compare ecx with esi
+    73/jump-if-addr>=  $write-slice:loop-end/disp8
+    # if (out->write >= out->size) abort
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare ebx with edx
+    7d/jump-if->=  $write-slice:abort/disp8
+    # out->data[out->write] = *in
+    # . AL = *in
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # clear eax
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *ecx to AL
+    # . out->data[out->write] = AL
+    88/copy-byte                    1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    7/base/edi  3/index/ebx   .           0/r32/AL    0xc/disp8       .                 # copy AL to *(edi+ebx+12)
+    # ++out->write
+    43/increment-ebx
+    # ++in
+    41/increment-ecx
+    eb/jump  $write-slice:loop/disp8
+$write-slice:loop-end:
+    # persist out->write
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # copy ebx to *edi
+$write-slice:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    5f/pop-to-edi
+    5e/pop-to-esi
+    5b/pop-to-ebx
+    5a/pop-to-edx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    58/pop-to-eax
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+$write-slice:abort:
+    (draw-text-wrapping-right-then-down-from-cursor-over-full-screen 0 "write-slice: out of space" 3)  # 3=cyan
+    {
+      eb/jump loop/disp8
+    }
+    # never gets here
+
+test-write-slice:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # (eax..ecx) = "Abc"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "Abc"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ecx: slice = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # write-slice(_test-stream, slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-stream-equal(_test-stream, "Abc", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-write-slice"/imm32
+    68/push  "Abc"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-stream-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+# copy a slice into a new (dynamically allocated) string
+slice-to-string:  # ad: (addr allocation-descriptor), in: (addr slice), out: (addr handle array byte)
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    50/push-eax
+    51/push-ecx
+    52/push-edx
+    53/push-ebx
+    56/push-esi
+    # esi = in
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to esi
+    # var curr/edx: (addr byte) = in->start
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # copy *esi to edx
+    # var max/ebx: (addr byte) = in->end
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+4) to ebx
+    # var size/ecx: int = max - curr + 4  # total size of output string (including the initial 'size' field)
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # copy ebx to ecx
+    29/subtract                     3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # subtract edx from ecx
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to ecx
+    # allocate(ad, size, out)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x10/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+16)
+    51/push-ecx
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  allocate/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # eax = out->payload
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   0x10/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+16) to eax
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(eax+4) to eax
+    # skip payload->allocid
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # if (eax == 0) abort
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32
+    74/jump-if-=  $slice-to-string:abort/disp8
+    # out->size = size-4
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy ecx to *eax
+    81          5/subop/subtract    0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # subtract 4 from *eax
+    # save out
+    50/push-eax
+$slice-to-string:initialize:
+    # eax = _append-4(eax+4, eax+size, curr, max)  # clobbering ecx
+    # . . push args
+    53/push-ebx
+    52/push-edx
+    # . . push eax+size (clobbering ecx)
+    01/add                          3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # add eax to ecx
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . push eax+4 (clobbering eax)
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to eax
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  _append-4/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x10/imm32        # add to esp
+    # restore out (assumes _append-4 can't error)
+    58/pop-to-eax
+$slice-to-string:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    5e/pop-to-esi
+    5b/pop-to-ebx
+    5a/pop-to-edx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    58/pop-to-eax
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+$slice-to-string:abort:
+    (draw-text-wrapping-right-then-down-from-cursor-over-full-screen 0 "slice-to-string: out of space\n" 3)  # 3=cyan
+    {
+      eb/jump loop/disp8
+    }
+    # never gets here
+
+test-slice-to-string:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # var ad/edx: allocation-descriptor containing 16 bytes
+    # . var end/ecx: (addr byte)
+    89/<- %ecx 4/r32/esp
+    81 5/subop/subtract %esp 0x10/imm32
+    # . var start/edx: (addr byte) = end - 0x10
+    89/<- %edx 4/r32/esp
+    # . ad = {start, end}
+    51/push-ecx
+    52/push-edx
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to edx
+    # (eax..ecx) = "Abc"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "Abc"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ecx: slice = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # var h/ebx: (handle array byte)
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebx
+    # slice-to-string(ad, slice, h)
+    # . . push args
+    53/push-ebx
+    51/push-ecx
+    52/push-edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  slice-to-string/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # eax = h->payload
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebx+4) to eax
+    # skip payload->allocid
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+#?     # dump eax {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "AA: ")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "AA: "/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, eax)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     50/push-eax
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # eax = string-equal?(eax, "Abc")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "Abc"/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  string-equal?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 1, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-slice-to-string"/imm32
+    68/push  1/imm32/true
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . reclaim locals
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x18/imm32        # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+# . . vim:nowrap:textwidth=0
diff --git a/baremetal/124next-token.subx b/baremetal/124next-token.subx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a4490e6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/baremetal/124next-token.subx
@@ -0,0 +1,1925 @@
+# Some tokenization primitives.
+
+== code
+#   instruction                     effective address                                                   register    displacement    immediate
+# . op          subop               mod             rm32          base        index         scale       r32
+# . 1-3 bytes   3 bits              2 bits          3 bits        3 bits      3 bits        2 bits      2 bits      0/1/2/4 bytes   0/1/2/4 bytes
+
+# extract the next run of characters that are different from a given 'delimiter' (skipping multiple delimiters if necessary)
+# on reaching end of file, return an empty interval
+next-token:  # in: (addr stream byte), delimiter: byte, out: (addr slice)
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    50/push-eax
+    51/push-ecx
+    56/push-esi
+    57/push-edi
+    # esi = in
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to esi
+    # edi = out
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           7/r32/edi   0x10/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+16) to edi
+    # skip-chars-matching(in, delimiter)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
+    56/push-esi
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-matching/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # out->start = &in->data[in->read]
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+4) to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  1/index/ecx   .           0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy esi+ecx+12 to eax
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to *edi
+    # skip-chars-not-matching(in, delimiter)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
+    56/push-esi
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-not-matching/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # out->end = &in->data[in->read]
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+4) to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  1/index/ecx   .           0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy esi+ecx+12 to eax
+    89/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax to *(edi+4)
+    # . restore registers
+    5f/pop-to-edi
+    5e/pop-to-esi
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    58/pop-to-eax
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-token:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # var slice/ecx: slice
+    68/push  0/imm32/end
+    68/push  0/imm32/start
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # write(_test-stream, "  ab")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "  ab"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # next-token(_test-stream, 0x20/space, slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    68/push  0x20/imm32
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-token/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(slice->start - _test-stream->data, 2, msg)
+    # . check-ints-equal(slice->start - _test-stream, 14, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-token: start"/imm32
+    68/push  0xe/imm32
+    # . . push slice->start - _test-stream
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *ecx to eax
+    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               _test-stream/imm32 # subtract from eax
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(slice->end - _test-stream->data, 4, msg)
+    # . check-ints-equal(slice->end - _test-stream, 16, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-token: end"/imm32
+    68/push  0x10/imm32
+    # . . push slice->end - _test-stream
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(ecx+4) to eax
+    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               _test-stream/imm32 # subtract from eax
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-token-Eof:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # var slice/ecx: slice
+    68/push  0/imm32/end
+    68/push  0/imm32/start
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # write nothing to _test-stream
+    # next-token(_test-stream, 0x20/space, slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    68/push  0x20/imm32
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-token/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(slice->end, slice->start, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-token-Eof"/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(ecx+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+# extract the next run of characters that are different from a given 'delimiter' (skipping multiple delimiters if necessary)
+# on reaching end of file, return an empty interval
+next-token-from-slice:  # start: (addr byte), end: (addr byte), delimiter: byte, out: (addr slice)
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    50/push-eax
+    51/push-ecx
+    52/push-edx
+    57/push-edi
+    # ecx = end
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to ecx
+    # edx = delimiter
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   0x10/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+16) to edx
+    # edi = out
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           7/r32/edi   0x14/disp8      .                 # copy *(ebp+20) to edi
+    # eax = skip-chars-matching-in-slice(start, end, delimiter)
+    # . . push args
+    52/push-edx
+    51/push-ecx
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-matching-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # out->start = eax
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to *edi
+    # eax = skip-chars-not-matching-in-slice(eax, end, delimiter)
+    # . . push args
+    52/push-edx
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-not-matching-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # out->end = eax
+    89/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax to *(edi+4)
+    # . restore registers
+    5f/pop-to-edi
+    5a/pop-to-edx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    58/pop-to-eax
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-token-from-slice:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # (eax..ecx) = "  ab"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "  ab"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # var out/edi: slice
+    68/push  0/imm32/end
+    68/push  0/imm32/start
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to edi
+    # next-token-from-slice(eax, ecx, 0x20/space, out)
+    # . . push args
+    57/push-edi
+    68/push  0x20/imm32
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-token-from-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x10/imm32        # add to esp
+    # out->start should be at the 'a'
+    # . check-ints-equal(out->start - in->start, 2, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-token-from-slice: start"/imm32
+    68/push  2/imm32
+    # . . push out->start - in->start
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *edi to ecx
+    2b/subtract                     3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # subtract eax from ecx
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # out->end should be after the 'b'
+    # check-ints-equal(out->end - in->start, 4, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-token-from-slice: end"/imm32
+    68/push  4/imm32
+    # . . push out->end - in->start
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(edi+4) to ecx
+    2b/subtract                     3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # subtract eax from ecx
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-token-from-slice-Eof:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # var out/edi: slice
+    68/push  0/imm32/end
+    68/push  0/imm32/start
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to edi
+    # next-token-from-slice(0, 0, 0x20/space, out)
+    # . . push args
+    57/push-edi
+    68/push  0x20/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-token-from-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x10/imm32        # add to esp
+    # out should be empty
+    # . check-ints-equal(out->end - out->start, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-token-from-slice-Eof"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    # . . push out->start - in->start
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(edi+4) to ecx
+    2b/subtract                     0/mod/indirect  7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # subtract *edi from ecx
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-token-from-slice-nothing:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # (eax..ecx) = "    "
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "    "/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # var out/edi: slice
+    68/push  0/imm32/end
+    68/push  0/imm32/start
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to edi
+    # next-token-from-slice(in, 0x20/space, out)
+    # . . push args
+    57/push-edi
+    68/push  0x20/imm32
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-token-from-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x10/imm32        # add to esp
+    # out should be empty
+    # . check-ints-equal(out->end - out->start, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-token-from-slice-Eof"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    # . . push out->start - in->start
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(edi+4) to ecx
+    2b/subtract                     0/mod/indirect  7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # subtract *edi from ecx
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+skip-chars-matching:  # in: (addr stream byte), delimiter: byte
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    50/push-eax
+    51/push-ecx
+    52/push-edx
+    53/push-ebx
+    56/push-esi
+    # esi = in
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to esi
+    # ecx = in->read
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+4) to ecx
+    # ebx = in->write
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # copy *esi to ebx
+    # edx = delimiter
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to edx
+$skip-chars-matching:loop:
+    # if (in->read >= in->write) break
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # compare ecx with ebx
+    7d/jump-if->=  $skip-chars-matching:end/disp8
+    # eax = in->data[in->read]
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # clear eax
+    8a/copy-byte                    1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  1/index/ecx   .           0/r32/AL    0xc/disp8       .                 # copy byte at *(esi+ecx+12) to AL
+    # if (eax != delimiter) break
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare eax and edx
+    75/jump-if-!=  $skip-chars-matching:end/disp8
+    # ++in->read
+    41/increment-ecx
+    eb/jump  $skip-chars-matching:loop/disp8
+$skip-chars-matching:end:
+    # persist in->read
+    89/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy ecx to *(esi+4)
+    # . restore registers
+    5e/pop-to-esi
+    5b/pop-to-ebx
+    5a/pop-to-edx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    58/pop-to-eax
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-skip-chars-matching:
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # write(_test-stream, "  ab")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "  ab"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # skip-chars-matching(_test-stream, 0x20/space)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  0x20/imm32
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-matching/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(_test-stream->read, 2, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-chars-matching"/imm32
+    68/push  2/imm32
+    # . . push *_test-stream->read
+    b8/copy-to-eax  _test-stream/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(eax+4)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # end
+    c3/return
+
+test-skip-chars-matching-none:
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # write(_test-stream, "ab")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "ab"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # skip-chars-matching(_test-stream, 0x20/space)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  0x20/imm32
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-matching/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(_test-stream->read, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-chars-matching-none"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    # . . push *_test-stream->read
+    b8/copy-to-eax  _test-stream/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(eax+4)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # end
+    c3/return
+
+skip-chars-matching-whitespace:  # in: (addr stream byte)
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    50/push-eax
+    51/push-ecx
+    53/push-ebx
+    56/push-esi
+    # esi = in
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to esi
+    # ecx = in->read
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+4) to ecx
+    # ebx = in->write
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # copy *esi to ebx
+$skip-chars-matching-whitespace:loop:
+    # if (in->read >= in->write) break
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # compare ecx with ebx
+    7d/jump-if->=  $skip-chars-matching-whitespace:end/disp8
+    # eax = in->data[in->read]
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # clear eax
+    8a/copy-byte                    1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  1/index/ecx   .           0/r32/AL    0xc/disp8       .                 # copy byte at *(esi+ecx+12) to AL
+    # if (eax == ' ') goto body
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x20/imm32/space
+    74/jump-if-=  $skip-chars-matching-whitespace:body/disp8
+    # if (eax == '\n') goto body
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x0a/imm32/newline
+    74/jump-if-=  $skip-chars-matching-whitespace:body/disp8
+    # if (eax == '\t') goto body
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x09/imm32/tab
+    74/jump-if-=  $skip-chars-matching-whitespace:body/disp8
+    # if (eax != '\r') break
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x0d/imm32/cr
+    75/jump-if-!=  $skip-chars-matching-whitespace:end/disp8
+$skip-chars-matching-whitespace:body:
+    # ++in->read
+    41/increment-ecx
+    eb/jump  $skip-chars-matching-whitespace:loop/disp8
+$skip-chars-matching-whitespace:end:
+    # persist in->read
+    89/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy ecx to *(esi+4)
+    # . restore registers
+    5e/pop-to-esi
+    5b/pop-to-ebx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    58/pop-to-eax
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-skip-chars-matching-whitespace:
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # write(_test-stream, " \nab")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  " \nab"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # skip-chars-matching-whitespace(_test-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-matching-whitespace/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(_test-stream->read, 2, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-chars-matching-whitespace"/imm32
+    68/push  2/imm32
+    # . . push *_test-stream->read
+    b8/copy-to-eax  _test-stream/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(eax+4)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # end
+    c3/return
+
+# minor fork of 'skip-chars-matching'
+skip-chars-not-matching:  # in: (addr stream byte), delimiter: byte
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    50/push-eax
+    51/push-ecx
+    52/push-edx
+    53/push-ebx
+    56/push-esi
+    # esi = in
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to esi
+    # ecx = in->read
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+4) to ecx
+    # ebx = in->write
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # copy *esi to ebx
+    # edx = delimiter
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to edx
+$skip-chars-not-matching:loop:
+    # if (in->read >= in->write) break
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # compare ecx with ebx
+    7d/jump-if->=  $skip-chars-not-matching:end/disp8
+    # eax = in->data[in->read]
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # clear eax
+    8a/copy-byte                    1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  1/index/ecx   .           0/r32/AL    0xc/disp8       .                 # copy byte at *(esi+ecx+12) to AL
+    # if (eax == delimiter) break
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare eax and edx
+    74/jump-if-=  $skip-chars-not-matching:end/disp8
+    # ++in->read
+    41/increment-ecx
+    eb/jump  $skip-chars-not-matching:loop/disp8
+$skip-chars-not-matching:end:
+    # persist in->read
+    89/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy ecx to *(esi+4)
+    # . restore registers
+    5e/pop-to-esi
+    5b/pop-to-ebx
+    5a/pop-to-edx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    58/pop-to-eax
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-skip-chars-not-matching:
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # write(_test-stream, "ab ")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "ab "/imm32
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # skip-chars-not-matching(_test-stream, 0x20/space)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  0x20/imm32
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-not-matching/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(_test-stream->read, 2, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-chars-not-matching"/imm32
+    68/push  2/imm32
+    # . . push *_test-stream->read
+    b8/copy-to-eax  _test-stream/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(eax+4)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # end
+    c3/return
+
+test-skip-chars-not-matching-none:
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # write(_test-stream, " ab")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  " ab"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # skip-chars-not-matching(_test-stream, 0x20/space)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  0x20/imm32
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-not-matching/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(_test-stream->read, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-chars-not-matching-none"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    # . . push *_test-stream->read
+    b8/copy-to-eax  _test-stream/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(eax+4)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # end
+    c3/return
+
+test-skip-chars-not-matching-all:
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # write(_test-stream, "ab")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "ab"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # skip-chars-not-matching(_test-stream, 0x20/space)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  0x20/imm32
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-not-matching/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(_test-stream->read, 2, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-chars-not-matching-all"/imm32
+    68/push  2/imm32
+    # . . push *_test-stream->read
+    b8/copy-to-eax  _test-stream/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(eax+4)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # end
+    c3/return
+
+skip-chars-not-matching-whitespace:  # in: (addr stream byte)
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    50/push-eax
+    51/push-ecx
+    53/push-ebx
+    56/push-esi
+    # esi = in
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to esi
+    # ecx = in->read
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+4) to ecx
+    # ebx = in->write
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # copy *esi to ebx
+$skip-chars-not-matching-whitespace:loop:
+    # if (in->read >= in->write) break
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # compare ecx with ebx
+    7d/jump-if->=  $skip-chars-not-matching-whitespace:end/disp8
+    # eax = in->data[in->read]
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # clear eax
+    8a/copy-byte                    1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  1/index/ecx   .           0/r32/AL    0xc/disp8       .                 # copy byte at *(esi+ecx+12) to AL
+    # if (eax == ' ') break
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x20/imm32/space
+    74/jump-if-=  $skip-chars-not-matching-whitespace:end/disp8
+    # if (eax == '\n') break
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x0a/imm32/newline
+    74/jump-if-=  $skip-chars-not-matching-whitespace:end/disp8
+    # if (eax == '\t') break
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x09/imm32/tab
+    74/jump-if-=  $skip-chars-not-matching-whitespace:end/disp8
+    # if (eax == '\r') break
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x0d/imm32/cr
+    74/jump-if-=  $skip-chars-not-matching-whitespace:end/disp8
+    # ++in->read
+    41/increment-ecx
+    eb/jump  $skip-chars-not-matching-whitespace:loop/disp8
+$skip-chars-not-matching-whitespace:end:
+    # persist in->read
+    89/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy ecx to *(esi+4)
+    # . restore registers
+    5e/pop-to-esi
+    5b/pop-to-ebx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    58/pop-to-eax
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-skip-chars-not-matching-whitespace:
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # write(_test-stream, "ab\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "ab\n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # skip-chars-not-matching-whitespace(_test-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-not-matching-whitespace/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(_test-stream->read, 2, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-chars-not-matching-whitespace"/imm32
+    68/push  2/imm32
+    # . . push *_test-stream->read
+    b8/copy-to-eax  _test-stream/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(eax+4)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # end
+    c3/return
+
+skip-chars-matching-in-slice:  # curr: (addr byte), end: (addr byte), delimiter: byte -> curr/eax: (addr byte)
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    51/push-ecx
+    52/push-edx
+    53/push-ebx
+    # eax = curr
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to eax
+    # ecx = end
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to ecx
+    # edx = delimiter
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   0x10/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+16) to edx
+    # var c/ebx: byte = 0
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # clear ebx
+$skip-chars-matching-in-slice:loop:
+    # if (curr >= end) break
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # compare eax with ecx
+    73/jump-if-addr>=  $skip-chars-matching-in-slice:end/disp8
+    # c = *curr
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           3/r32/BL    .               .                 # copy byte at *eax to BL
+    # if (c != delimiter) break
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare ebx and edx
+    75/jump-if-!=  $skip-chars-matching-in-slice:end/disp8
+    # ++curr
+    40/increment-eax
+    eb/jump  $skip-chars-matching-in-slice:loop/disp8
+$skip-chars-matching-in-slice:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    5b/pop-to-ebx
+    5a/pop-to-edx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-skip-chars-matching-in-slice:
+    # (eax..ecx) = "  ab"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "  ab"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # eax = skip-chars-matching-in-slice(eax, ecx, 0x20/space)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  0x20/imm32/space
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-matching-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(ecx-eax, 2, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-chars-matching-in-slice"/imm32
+    68/push  2/imm32
+    # . . push ecx-eax
+    29/subtract                     3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # subtract eax from ecx
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # end
+    c3/return
+
+test-skip-chars-matching-in-slice-none:
+    # (eax..ecx) = "ab"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "ab"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # eax = skip-chars-matching-in-slice(eax, ecx, 0x20/space)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  0x20/imm32/space
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-matching-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(ecx-eax, 2, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-chars-matching-in-slice-none"/imm32
+    68/push  2/imm32
+    # . . push ecx-eax
+    29/subtract                     3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # subtract eax from ecx
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # end
+    c3/return
+
+skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice:  # curr: (addr byte), end: (addr byte) -> curr/eax: (addr byte)
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    51/push-ecx
+    53/push-ebx
+    # eax = curr
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to eax
+    # ecx = end
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to ecx
+    # var c/ebx: byte = 0
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # clear ebx
+$skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice:loop:
+    # if (curr >= end) break
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # compare eax with ecx
+    0f 83/jump-if-addr>=  $skip-chars-matching-in-slice:end/disp32
+    # c = *curr
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           3/r32/BL    .               .                 # copy byte at *eax to BL
+    # if (c == ' ') goto body
+    81          7/subop/compare     3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               0x20/imm32/space  # compare ebx
+    74/jump-if-=  $skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice:body/disp8
+    # if (c == '\n') goto body
+    81          7/subop/compare     3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               0x0a/imm32/newline  # compare ebx
+    74/jump-if-=  $skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice:body/disp8
+    # if (c == '\t') goto body
+    81          7/subop/compare     3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               0x09/imm32/tab    # compare ebx
+    74/jump-if-=  $skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice:body/disp8
+    # if (c != '\r') break
+    81          7/subop/compare     3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               0x0d/imm32/cr     # compare ebx
+    75/jump-if-!=  $skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice:end/disp8
+$skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice:body:
+    # ++curr
+    40/increment-eax
+    eb/jump  $skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice:loop/disp8
+$skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    5b/pop-to-ebx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice:
+    # (eax..ecx) = " \nab"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  " \nab"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # eax = skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice(eax, ecx)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(ecx-eax, 2, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice"/imm32
+    68/push  2/imm32
+    # . . push ecx-eax
+    29/subtract                     3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # subtract eax from ecx
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # end
+    c3/return
+
+# minor fork of 'skip-chars-matching-in-slice'
+skip-chars-not-matching-in-slice:  # curr: (addr byte), end: (addr byte), delimiter: byte -> curr/eax: (addr byte)
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    51/push-ecx
+    52/push-edx
+    53/push-ebx
+    # eax = curr
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to eax
+    # ecx = end
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to ecx
+    # edx = delimiter
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   0x10/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+16) to edx
+    # var c/ebx: byte = 0
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # clear ebx
+$skip-chars-not-matching-in-slice:loop:
+    # if (curr >= end) break
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # compare eax with ecx
+    73/jump-if-addr>=  $skip-chars-not-matching-in-slice:end/disp8
+    # c = *curr
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           3/r32/BL    .               .                 # copy byte at *eax to BL
+    # if (c == delimiter) break
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare ebx and edx
+    74/jump-if-=  $skip-chars-not-matching-in-slice:end/disp8
+    # ++curr
+    40/increment-eax
+    eb/jump  $skip-chars-not-matching-in-slice:loop/disp8
+$skip-chars-not-matching-in-slice:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    5b/pop-to-ebx
+    5a/pop-to-edx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-skip-chars-not-matching-in-slice:
+    # (eax..ecx) = "ab "
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "ab "/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # eax = skip-chars-not-matching-in-slice(eax, ecx, 0x20/space)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  0x20/imm32/space
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-not-matching-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(ecx-eax, 1, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-chars-not-matching-in-slice"/imm32
+    68/push  1/imm32
+    # . . push ecx-eax
+    29/subtract                     3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # subtract eax from ecx
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # end
+    c3/return
+
+test-skip-chars-not-matching-in-slice-none:
+    # (eax..ecx) = " ab"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  " ab"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # eax = skip-chars-not-matching-in-slice(eax, ecx, 0x20/space)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  0x20/imm32/space
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-not-matching-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(ecx-eax, 3, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-chars-not-matching-in-slice-none"/imm32
+    68/push  3/imm32
+    # . . push ecx-eax
+    29/subtract                     3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # subtract eax from ecx
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # end
+    c3/return
+
+test-skip-chars-not-matching-in-slice-all:
+    # (eax..ecx) = "ab"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "ab"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # eax = skip-chars-not-matching-in-slice(eax, ecx, 0x20/space)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  0x20/imm32/space
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-not-matching-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(ecx-eax, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-chars-not-matching-in-slice-all"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    # . . push ecx-eax
+    29/subtract                     3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # subtract eax from ecx
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # end
+    c3/return
+
+skip-chars-not-matching-whitespace-in-slice:  # curr: (addr byte), end: (addr byte) -> curr/eax: (addr byte)
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    51/push-ecx
+    53/push-ebx
+    # eax = curr
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to eax
+    # ecx = end
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to ecx
+    # var c/ebx: byte = 0
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # clear ebx
+$skip-chars-not-matching-whitespace-in-slice:loop:
+    # if (curr >= end) break
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # compare eax with ecx
+    0f 83/jump-if-addr>=  $skip-chars-not-matching-in-slice:end/disp32
+    # c = *curr
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           3/r32/BL    .               .                 # copy byte at *eax to BL
+    # if (c == ' ') break
+    81          7/subop/compare     3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               0x20/imm32/space  # compare ebx
+    74/jump-if-=  $skip-chars-not-matching-whitespace-in-slice:end/disp8
+    # if (c == '\n') break
+    81          7/subop/compare     3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               0x0a/imm32/newline  # compare ebx
+    74/jump-if-=  $skip-chars-not-matching-whitespace-in-slice:end/disp8
+    # if (c == '\t') break
+    81          7/subop/compare     3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               0x09/imm32/tab    # compare ebx
+    74/jump-if-=  $skip-chars-not-matching-whitespace-in-slice:end/disp8
+    # if (c == '\r') break
+    81          7/subop/compare     3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               0x0d/imm32/cr     # compare ebx
+    74/jump-if-=  $skip-chars-not-matching-whitespace-in-slice:end/disp8
+    # ++curr
+    40/increment-eax
+    eb/jump  $skip-chars-not-matching-whitespace-in-slice:loop/disp8
+$skip-chars-not-matching-whitespace-in-slice:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    5b/pop-to-ebx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-skip-chars-not-matching-whitespace-in-slice:
+    # (eax..ecx) = "ab\n"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "ab\n"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # eax = skip-chars-not-matching-whitespace-in-slice(eax, ecx)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-not-matching-whitespace-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(ecx-eax, 1, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-chars-not-matching-whitespace-in-slice"/imm32
+    68/push  1/imm32
+    # . . push ecx-eax
+    29/subtract                     3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # subtract eax from ecx
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # end
+    c3/return
+
+# update line->read to end of string literal surrounded by double quotes
+# line->read must start out at a double-quote
+skip-string:  # line: (addr stream byte)
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    50/push-eax
+    51/push-ecx
+    52/push-edx
+    # ecx = line
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         1/r32/ecx   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to ecx
+    # eax = skip-string-in-slice(&line->data[line->read], &line->data[line->write])
+    # . . push &line->data[line->write]
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   1/rm32/ecx    .           .                         2/r32/edx   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ecx+8) to edx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    1/base/ecx  2/index/edx   .           2/r32/edx   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy ecx+edx+12 to edx
+    52/push-edx
+    # . . push &line->data[line->read]
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   1/rm32/ecx    .           .                         2/r32/edx   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(ecx+4) to edx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    1/base/ecx  2/index/edx   .           2/r32/edx   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy ecx+edx+12 to edx
+    52/push-edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-string-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # line->read = eax - line->data
+    29/subtract                     3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # subtract ecx from eax
+    2d/subtract-from-eax  0xc/imm32
+    89/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   1/rm32/ecx    .           .                         0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax to *(ecx+4)
+$skip-string:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    5a/pop-to-edx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    58/pop-to-eax
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-skip-string:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write(_test-stream, "\"abc\" def")
+    # .                   indices:  0123 45
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "\"abc\" def"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # precondition: line->read == 0
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-string/precondition"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    b8/copy-to-eax  _test-stream/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(eax+4)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # skip-string(_test-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-string/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(line->read, 5, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-string"/imm32
+    68/push  5/imm32
+    b8/copy-to-eax  _test-stream/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(eax+4)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-skip-string-ignores-spaces:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write(_test-stream, "\"a b\"/yz")
+    # .                   indices:  0123 45
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "\"a b\"/yz"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # precondition: line->read == 0
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-string-ignores-spaces/precondition"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    b8/copy-to-eax  _test-stream/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(eax+4)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # skip-string(_test-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-string/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(line->read, 5, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-string-ignores-spaces"/imm32
+    68/push  5/imm32
+    b8/copy-to-eax  _test-stream/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(eax+4)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-skip-string-ignores-escapes:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write(_test-stream, "\"a\\\"b\"/yz")
+    # .                   indices:  01 2 34 56
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "\"a\\\"b\"/yz"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # precondition: line->read == 0
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-string-ignores-escapes/precondition"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    b8/copy-to-eax  _test-stream/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(eax+4)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # skip-string(_test-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-string/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(line->read, 6, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-string-ignores-escapes"/imm32
+    68/push  6/imm32
+    b8/copy-to-eax  _test-stream/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(eax+4)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-skip-string-works-from-mid-stream:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write(_test-stream, "0 \"a\\\"b\"/yz")
+    # .                   indices:  01 2 34 56
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "0 \"a\\\"b\"/yz"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # precondition: line->read == 2
+    b8/copy-to-eax  _test-stream/imm32
+    c7          0/subop/copy        1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         2/imm32           # copy to *(eax+4)
+    # skip-string(_test-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-string/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(line->read, 8, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-string-works-from-mid-stream"/imm32
+    68/push  8/imm32
+    b8/copy-to-eax  _test-stream/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(eax+4)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+skip-string-in-slice:  # curr: (addr byte), end: (addr byte) -> curr/eax: (addr byte)
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    51/push-ecx
+    52/push-edx
+    53/push-ebx
+    # ecx = curr
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         1/r32/ecx   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to ecx
+    # edx = end
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         2/r32/edx   0xc/disp8         .               # copy *(ebp+12) to edx
+    # var c/eax: byte = 0
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # clear eax
+    # skip initial dquote
+    41/increment-ecx
+$skip-string-in-slice:loop:
+    # if (curr >= end) return curr
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare ecx with edx
+    73/jump-if-addr>=  $skip-string-in-slice:return-curr/disp8
+    # c = *curr
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *ecx to AL
+$skip-string-in-slice:dquote:
+    # if (c == '"') break
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x22/imm32/double-quote
+    74/jump-if-=  $skip-string-in-slice:break/disp8
+$skip-string-in-slice:check-for-escape:
+    # if (c == '\') escape next char
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x5c/imm32/backslash
+    75/jump-if-!=  $skip-string-in-slice:continue/disp8
+$skip-string-in-slice:escape:
+    41/increment-ecx
+$skip-string-in-slice:continue:
+    # ++curr
+    41/increment-ecx
+    eb/jump  $skip-string-in-slice:loop/disp8
+$skip-string-in-slice:break:
+    # skip final dquote
+    41/increment-ecx
+$skip-string-in-slice:return-curr:
+    # return curr
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy ecx to eax
+$skip-string-in-slice:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    5b/pop-to-ebx
+    5a/pop-to-edx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-skip-string-in-slice:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup: (eax..ecx) = "\"abc\" def"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "\"abc\" def"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # eax = skip-string-in-slice(eax, ecx)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-string-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(ecx-eax, 4, msg)  # number of chars remaining after the string literal
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-string-in-slice"/imm32
+    68/push  4/imm32
+    # . . push ecx-eax
+    29/subtract                     3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # subtract eax from ecx
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-skip-string-in-slice-ignores-spaces:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup: (eax..ecx) = "\"a b\"/yz"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "\"a b\"/yz"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # eax = skip-string-in-slice(eax, ecx)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-string-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(ecx-eax, 3, msg)  # number of chars remaining after the string literal
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-string-in-slice-ignores-spaces"/imm32
+    68/push  3/imm32
+    # . . push ecx-eax
+    29/subtract                     3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # subtract eax from ecx
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-skip-string-in-slice-ignores-escapes:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup: (eax..ecx) = "\"a\\\"b\"/yz"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "\"a\\\"b\"/yz"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # eax = skip-string-in-slice(eax, ecx)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-string-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(ecx-eax, 3, msg)  # number of chars remaining after the string literal
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-string-in-slice-ignores-escapes"/imm32
+    68/push  3/imm32
+    # . . push ecx-eax
+    29/subtract                     3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # subtract eax from ecx
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-skip-string-in-slice-stops-at-end:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup: (eax..ecx) = "\"abc"  # unbalanced dquote
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "\"abc"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # eax = skip-string-in-slice(eax, ecx)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-string-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(ecx-eax, 0, msg)  # skipped to end of slice
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-string-in-slice-stops-at-end"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    # . . push ecx-eax
+    29/subtract                     3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # subtract eax from ecx
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+# update line->read to ')'
+# line->read ends at ')'
+skip-until-close-paren:  # line: (addr stream byte)
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    50/push-eax
+    51/push-ecx
+    52/push-edx
+    # ecx = line
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         1/r32/ecx   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to ecx
+    # eax = skip-until-close-paren-in-slice(&line->data[line->read], &line->data[line->write])
+    # . . push &line->data[line->write]
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   1/rm32/ecx    .           .                         2/r32/edx   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ecx+8) to edx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    1/base/ecx  2/index/edx   .           2/r32/edx   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy ecx+edx+12 to edx
+    52/push-edx
+    # . . push &line->data[line->read]
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   1/rm32/ecx    .           .                         2/r32/edx   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(ecx+4) to edx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    1/base/ecx  2/index/edx   .           2/r32/edx   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy ecx+edx+12 to edx
+    52/push-edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-until-close-paren-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # line->read = eax - line->data
+    29/subtract                     3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # subtract ecx from eax
+    2d/subtract-from-eax  0xc/imm32
+    89/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   1/rm32/ecx    .           .                         0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax to *(ecx+4)
+$skip-until-close-paren:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    5a/pop-to-edx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    58/pop-to-eax
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-skip-until-close-paren:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write(_test-stream, "*(abc) def")
+    # .                   indices:  0123 45
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "*(abc) def"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # precondition: line->read == 0
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-until-close-paren/precondition"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    b8/copy-to-eax  _test-stream/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(eax+4)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # skip-until-close-paren(_test-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-until-close-paren/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(line->read, 5, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-until-close-paren"/imm32
+    68/push  5/imm32
+    b8/copy-to-eax  _test-stream/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(eax+4)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-skip-until-close-paren-ignores-spaces:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write(_test-stream, "*(a b)/yz")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "*(a b)/yz"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # precondition: line->read == 0
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-until-close-paren-ignores-spaces/precondition"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    b8/copy-to-eax  _test-stream/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(eax+4)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # skip-until-close-paren(_test-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-until-close-paren/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(line->read, 5, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-until-close-paren-ignores-spaces"/imm32
+    68/push  5/imm32
+    b8/copy-to-eax  _test-stream/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(eax+4)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-skip-until-close-paren-works-from-mid-stream:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write(_test-stream, "0 *(a b)/yz")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "0 *(a b)/yz"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # precondition: _test-stream->read == 2
+    b8/copy-to-eax  _test-stream/imm32
+    c7          0/subop/copy        1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         2/imm32           # copy to *(eax+4)
+    # skip-until-close-paren(_test-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-until-close-paren/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(_test-stream->read, 7, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-until-close-paren-works-from-mid-stream"/imm32
+    68/push  7/imm32
+    b8/copy-to-eax  _test-stream/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(eax+4)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+skip-until-close-paren-in-slice:  # curr: (addr byte), end: (addr byte) -> curr/eax: (addr byte)
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    51/push-ecx
+    52/push-edx
+    # ecx = curr
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         1/r32/ecx   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to ecx
+    # edx = end
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         2/r32/edx   0xc/disp8         .               # copy *(ebp+12) to edx
+    # var c/eax: byte = 0
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # clear eax
+    # skip initial dquote
+    41/increment-ecx
+$skip-until-close-paren-in-slice:loop:
+    # if (curr >= end) break
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare ecx with edx
+    73/jump-if-addr>=  $skip-until-close-paren-in-slice:break/disp8
+    # c = *curr
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *ecx to AL
+$skip-until-close-paren-in-slice:check-close:
+    # if (c == ')') break
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x29/imm32/close-paren
+    74/jump-if-=  $skip-until-close-paren-in-slice:break/disp8
+    # ++curr
+    41/increment-ecx
+    eb/jump  $skip-until-close-paren-in-slice:loop/disp8
+$skip-until-close-paren-in-slice:break:
+    # return curr
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy ecx to eax
+$skip-until-close-paren-in-slice:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    5a/pop-to-edx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-skip-until-close-paren-in-slice:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup: (eax..ecx) = "*(abc) def"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "*(abc) def"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # eax = skip-until-close-paren-in-slice(eax, ecx)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-until-close-paren-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(ecx-eax, 5, msg)  # eax is at the ')'
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-until-close-paren-in-slice"/imm32
+    68/push  5/imm32
+    # . . push ecx-eax
+    29/subtract                     3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # subtract eax from ecx
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-skip-until-close-paren-in-slice-ignores-spaces:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup: (eax..ecx) = "*(a b)/yz"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "*(a b)/yz"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # eax = skip-until-close-paren-in-slice(eax, ecx)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-until-close-paren-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(ecx-eax, 4, msg)  # eax is at the ')'
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-until-close-paren-in-slice-ignores-spaces"/imm32
+    68/push  4/imm32
+    # . . push ecx-eax
+    29/subtract                     3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # subtract eax from ecx
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-skip-until-close-paren-in-slice-stops-at-end:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup: (eax..ecx) = "*(abc"  # unbalanced dquote
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "*(abc"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # eax = skip-until-close-paren-in-slice(eax, ecx)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-until-close-paren-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(ecx-eax, 0, msg)  # skipped to end of slice
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-skip-until-close-paren-in-slice-stops-at-end"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    # . . push ecx-eax
+    29/subtract                     3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # subtract eax from ecx
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+# . . vim:nowrap:textwidth=0
diff --git a/baremetal/127next-word.subx b/baremetal/127next-word.subx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5af326d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/baremetal/127next-word.subx
@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+# Tokenize by whitespace.
+
+== code
+#   instruction                     effective address                                                   register    displacement    immediate
+# . op          subop               mod             rm32          base        index         scale       r32
+# . 1-3 bytes   3 bits              2 bits          3 bits        3 bits      3 bits        2 bits      2 bits      0/1/2/4 bytes   0/1/2/4 bytes
+
+# (re)compute the bounds of the next word in the line (surrounded by whitespace,
+# treating '#' comments as a single word)
+# return empty string on reaching end of file
+next-word:  # line: (addr stream byte), out: (addr slice)
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    50/push-eax
+    51/push-ecx
+    56/push-esi
+    57/push-edi
+    # esi = line
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to esi
+    # edi = out
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           7/r32/edi   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to edi
+    # skip-chars-matching-whitespace(line)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-matching-whitespace/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+$next-word:check0:
+    # if (line->read >= line->write) clear out and return
+    # . eax = line->read
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+4) to eax
+    # . if (eax < line->write) goto next check
+    3b/compare                      0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # compare eax with *esi
+    7c/jump-if-<  $next-word:check-for-comment/disp8
+    # . return out
+    c7          0/subop/copy        0/mod/direct    7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           .           .               0/imm32           # copy to *edi
+    c7          0/subop/copy        1/mod/*+disp8   7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         0/imm32           # copy to *(edi+4)
+    eb/jump  $next-word:end/disp8
+$next-word:check-for-comment:
+    # out->start = &line->data[line->read]
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+4) to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  1/index/ecx   .           0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy esi+ecx+12 to eax
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to *edi
+    # if (line->data[line->read] == '#') out->end = &line->data[line->write]), skip rest of stream and return
+    # . eax = line->data[line->read]
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # clear eax
+    8a/copy-byte                    1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  1/index/ecx   .           0/r32/AL    0xc/disp8       .                 # copy byte at *(esi+ecx+12) to AL
+    # . compare
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x23/imm32/pound
+    75/jump-if-!=  $next-word:regular-word/disp8
+$next-word:comment:
+    # . out->end = &line->data[line->write]
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *esi to eax
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  0/index/eax   .           0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy esi+eax+12 to eax
+    89/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax to *(edi+4)
+    # . line->read = line->write
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *esi to eax
+    89/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax to *(esi+4)
+    # . return
+    eb/jump  $next-word:end/disp8
+$next-word:regular-word:
+    # otherwise skip-chars-not-matching-whitespace(line)  # including trailing newline
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-not-matching-whitespace/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # out->end = &line->data[line->read]
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+4) to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  1/index/ecx   .           0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy esi+ecx+12 to eax
+    89/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax to *(edi+4)
+$next-word:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    5f/pop-to-edi
+    5e/pop-to-esi
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    58/pop-to-eax
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-word:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # var slice/ecx: slice
+    68/push  0/imm32/end
+    68/push  0/imm32/start
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # write(_test-stream, "  ab")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "  ab"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # next-word(_test-stream, slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-word/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(slice->start - _test-stream->data, 2, msg)
+    # . check-ints-equal(slice->start - _test-stream, 14, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-word: start"/imm32
+    68/push  0xe/imm32
+    # . . push slice->start - _test-stream
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *ecx to eax
+    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               _test-stream/imm32 # subtract from eax
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(slice->end - _test-stream->data, 4, msg)
+    # . check-ints-equal(slice->end - _test-stream, 16, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-word: end"/imm32
+    68/push  0x10/imm32
+    # . . push slice->end - _test-stream
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(ecx+4) to eax
+    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               _test-stream/imm32 # subtract from eax
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-word-returns-whole-comment:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # var slice/ecx: slice
+    68/push  0/imm32/end
+    68/push  0/imm32/start
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # write(_test-stream, "  # a")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "  # a"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # next-word(_test-stream, slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-word/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(slice->start - _test-stream->data, 2, msg)
+    # . check-ints-equal(slice->start - _test-stream, 14, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-word-returns-whole-comment: start"/imm32
+    68/push  0xe/imm32
+    # . . push slice->start - _test-stream
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *ecx to eax
+    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               _test-stream/imm32 # subtract from eax
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(slice->end - _test-stream->data, 5, msg)
+    # . check-ints-equal(slice->end - _test-stream, 17, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-word-returns-whole-comment: end"/imm32
+    68/push  0x11/imm32
+    # . . push slice->end - _test-stream
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(ecx+4) to eax
+    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               _test-stream/imm32 # subtract from eax
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-word-returns-empty-string-on-eof:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # var slice/ecx: slice
+    68/push  0/imm32/end
+    68/push  0/imm32/start
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # write nothing to _test-stream
+    # next-word(_test-stream, slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-word/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(slice->end - slice->start, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-word-returns-empty-string-on-eof"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    # . . push slice->end - slice->start
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(ecx+4) to eax
+    2b/subtract                     0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # subtract *ecx from eax
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-word-returns-empty-string-on-newline:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # var slice/ecx: slice
+    68/push  0/imm32/end
+    68/push  0/imm32/start
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # write some whitespace and a newline
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "  \n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # next-word(_test-stream, slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    68/push  _test-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-word/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(slice->end - slice->start, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-word-returns-empty-string-on-newline"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    # . . push slice->end - slice->start
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(ecx+4) to eax
+    2b/subtract                     0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # subtract *ecx from eax
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+# (re)compute the bounds of the next word in the line (separated by whitespace)
+# return empty string on reaching end of file
+next-raw-word:  # line: (addr stream byte), out: (addr slice)
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    50/push-eax
+    51/push-ecx
+    56/push-esi
+    57/push-edi
+    # esi = line
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to esi
+    # edi = out
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           7/r32/edi   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to edi
+    # skip-chars-matching-whitespace(line)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-matching-whitespace/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+$next-raw-word:check0:
+    # if (line->read >= line->write) clear out and return
+    # . eax = line->read
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+4) to eax
+    # . if (eax < line->write) goto next check
+    3b/compare                      0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # compare eax with *esi
+    7c/jump-if-<  $next-raw-word:word-exists/disp8
+    # . return out
+    c7          0/subop/copy        0/mod/direct    7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           .           .               0/imm32           # copy to *edi
+    c7          0/subop/copy        1/mod/*+disp8   7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         0/imm32           # copy to *(edi+4)
+    eb/jump  $next-raw-word:end/disp8
+$next-raw-word:word-exists:
+    # out->start = &line->data[line->read]
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+4) to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  1/index/ecx   .           0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy esi+ecx+12 to eax
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to *edi
+    # skip-chars-not-matching-whitespace(line)  # including trailing newline
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-not-matching-whitespace/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # out->end = &line->data[line->read]
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+4) to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  1/index/ecx   .           0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy esi+ecx+12 to eax
+    89/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax to *(edi+4)
+$next-raw-word:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    5f/pop-to-edi
+    5e/pop-to-esi
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    58/pop-to-eax
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
diff --git a/baremetal/311decimal-int.subx b/baremetal/311decimal-int.subx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9434ce72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/baremetal/311decimal-int.subx
@@ -0,0 +1,427 @@
+# Helpers for decimal ints.
+
+# if slice doesn't contain a decimal number, return 0
+parse-decimal-int-from-slice:  # in: (addr slice) -> out/eax: int
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/<- %ebp 4/r32/esp
+    # . save registers
+    51/push-ecx
+    # ecx = in
+    8b/-> *(ebp+8) 1/r32/ecx
+    #
+    (parse-decimal-int-helper *ecx *(ecx+4))  # => eax
+$parse-decimal-int-from-slice:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    # . epilogue
+    89/<- %esp 5/r32/ebp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+# if slice doesn't contain a decimal number, return 0
+parse-decimal-int:  # in: (addr array byte) -> result/eax: int
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/<- %ebp 4/r32/esp
+    # . save registers
+    51/push-ecx
+    52/push-edx
+    # eax = in
+    8b/-> *(ebp+8) 0/r32/eax
+    # var start/ecx: (addr byte) = &in->data
+    8d/copy-address *(eax+4) 1/r32/ecx
+    # var end/edx: (addr byte) = &in->data[in->size]
+    8b/-> *eax 2/r32/edx
+    8d/copy-address *(eax+edx+4) 2/r32/edx
+    #
+    (parse-decimal-int-helper %ecx %edx)  # => eax
+$parse-decimal-int:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    5a/pop-to-edx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    # . epilogue
+    89/<- %esp 5/r32/ebp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+parse-decimal-int-from-stream:  # in: (addr stream byte) -> result/eax: int
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/<- %ebp 4/r32/esp
+    # . save registers
+    51/push-ecx
+    52/push-edx
+    # eax = in
+    8b/-> *(ebp+8) 0/r32/eax
+    # var start/ecx: (addr byte) = &in->data[in->read]
+    8b/-> *(eax+4) 1/r32/ecx
+    8d/copy-address *(eax+ecx+0xc) 1/r32/ecx
+    # var end/edx: (addr byte) = &in->data[in->write]
+    8b/-> *eax 2/r32/edx
+    8d/copy-address *(eax+edx+0xc) 2/r32/edx
+    # trim a trailing newline
+    {
+      # speculatively trim
+      4a/decrement-edx
+      # if it's a newline, break
+      8a/byte-> *edx 0/r32/eax
+      81 4/subop/and %eax 0xff/imm32
+      3d/compare-eax-and 0xa/imm32/newline
+      74/jump-if-= break/disp8
+      # not a newline, so restore it
+      42/increment-edx
+    }
+    #
+    (parse-decimal-int-helper %ecx %edx)  # => eax
+$parse-decimal-int-from-stream:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    5a/pop-to-edx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    # . epilogue
+    89/<- %esp 5/r32/ebp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+parse-decimal-int-helper:  # start: (addr byte), end: (addr byte) -> result/eax: int
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/<- %ebp 4/r32/esp
+    # . save registers
+    51/push-ecx
+    52/push-edx
+    53/push-ebx
+    56/push-esi
+    57/push-edi
+    # var curr/esi: (addr byte) = start
+    8b/-> *(ebp+8) 6/r32/esi
+    # edi = end
+    8b/-> *(ebp+0xc) 7/r32/edi
+    # var negate?/edx: boolean = false
+    ba/copy-to-edx 0/imm32/false
+    # if (*curr == '-') ++curr, negate = true
+    {
+$parse-decimal-int-helper:negative:
+      b8/copy-to-eax 0/imm32
+      8a/copy-byte *esi 0/r32/AL
+      3d/compare-eax-and 0x2d/imm32/-
+      75/jump-if-!= break/disp8
+      # . ++curr
+      46/increment-esi
+      # . negate = true
+      ba/copy-to-edx  1/imm32/true
+    }
+    # spill negate?
+    52/push-edx
+    # var result/eax: int = 0
+    b8/copy-to-eax 0/imm32
+    # var digit/ecx: int = 0
+    b9/copy-to-ecx 0/imm32
+    # const TEN/ebx: int = 10
+    bb/copy-to-ebx 0xa/imm32
+    {
+$parse-decimal-int-helper:loop:
+      # if (curr >= in->end) break
+      39/compare %esi 7/r32/edi
+      73/jump-if-addr>= break/disp8
+      # if !is-decimal-digit?(*curr) return 0
+      8a/copy-byte *esi 1/r32/CL
+      50/push-eax
+      (is-decimal-digit? %ecx)  # => eax
+      {
+        3d/compare-eax-and 0/imm32/false
+        75/jump-if-!= break/disp8
+        58/pop-to-eax
+        b8/copy-to-eax 0/imm32
+        eb/jump $parse-decimal-int-helper:negate/disp8
+      }
+      58/pop-to-eax
+      # digit = from-decimal-char(*curr)
+      81 5/subop/subtract %ecx 0x30/imm32/zero
+      # TODO: error checking
+      # result = result * 10 + digit
+      ba/copy-to-edx 0/imm32
+      f7 4/subop/multiply-into-edx-eax %ebx
+      # TODO: check edx for overflow
+      01/add %eax 1/r32/ecx
+      # ++curr
+      46/increment-esi
+      #
+      eb/jump loop/disp8
+    }
+$parse-decimal-int-helper:negate:
+    # if (negate?) result = -result
+    5a/pop-to-edx
+    {
+      81 7/subop/compare %edx 0/imm32/false
+      74/jump-if-= break/disp8
+      f7 3/subop/negate %eax
+    }
+$parse-decimal-int-helper:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    5f/pop-to-edi
+    5e/pop-to-esi
+    5b/pop-to-ebx
+    5a/pop-to-edx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    # . epilogue
+    89/<- %esp 5/r32/ebp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-parse-decimal-int-from-slice-single-digit:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/<- %ebp 4/r32/esp
+    # . save registers
+    50/push-eax
+    51/push-ecx
+    # (eax..ecx) = "3"
+    b8/copy-to-eax "3"/imm32
+    8b/-> *eax 1/r32/ecx
+    8d/copy-address *(eax+ecx+4) 1/r32/ecx
+    05/add-to-eax 4/imm32
+    # var slice/ecx: slice = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/<- %ecx 4/r32/esp
+    #
+    (parse-decimal-int-from-slice %ecx)  # => eax
+    (check-ints-equal %eax 3 "F - test-parse-decimal-int-from-slice-single-digit")
+$test-parse-decimal-int-helper-single-digit:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    58/pop-to-eax
+    # . epilogue
+    89/<- %esp 5/r32/ebp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-parse-decimal-int-from-slice-multi-digit:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/<- %ebp 4/r32/esp
+    # . save registers
+    50/push-eax
+    51/push-ecx
+    # (eax..ecx) = "34"
+    b8/copy-to-eax "34"/imm32
+    8b/-> *eax 1/r32/ecx
+    8d/copy-address *(eax+ecx+4) 1/r32/ecx
+    05/add-to-eax 4/imm32
+    # var slice/ecx: slice = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/<- %ecx 4/r32/esp
+    #
+    (parse-decimal-int-from-slice %ecx)  # => eax
+    (check-ints-equal %eax 0x22 "F - test-parse-decimal-int-from-slice-multi-digit")  # 34 in hex
+$test-parse-decimal-int-helper-multi-digit:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    58/pop-to-eax
+    # . epilogue
+    89/<- %esp 5/r32/ebp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-parse-decimal-int-from-slice-zero:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/<- %ebp 4/r32/esp
+    # . save registers
+    50/push-eax
+    51/push-ecx
+    # (eax..ecx) = "00"
+    b8/copy-to-eax "00"/imm32
+    8b/-> *eax 1/r32/ecx
+    8d/copy-address *(eax+ecx+4) 1/r32/ecx
+    05/add-to-eax 4/imm32
+    # var slice/ecx: slice = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/<- %ecx 4/r32/esp
+    #
+    (parse-decimal-int-from-slice %ecx)  # => eax
+    (check-ints-equal %eax 0 "F - test-parse-decimal-int-from-slice-zero")
+$test-parse-decimal-int-helper-zero:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    58/pop-to-eax
+    # . epilogue
+    89/<- %esp 5/r32/ebp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-parse-decimal-int-from-slice-negative:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/<- %ebp 4/r32/esp
+    # . save registers
+    50/push-eax
+    51/push-ecx
+    # (eax..ecx) = "-3"
+    b8/copy-to-eax "-3"/imm32
+    8b/-> *eax 1/r32/ecx
+    8d/copy-address *(eax+ecx+4) 1/r32/ecx
+    05/add-to-eax 4/imm32
+    # var slice/ecx: slice = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/<- %ecx 4/r32/esp
+    #
+    (parse-decimal-int-from-slice %ecx)  # => eax
+    (check-ints-equal %eax -3 "F - test-parse-decimal-int-from-slice-negative")
+$test-parse-decimal-int-helper-negative:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    58/pop-to-eax
+    # . epilogue
+    89/<- %esp 5/r32/ebp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-parse-decimal-int-from-slice-multi-digit-negative:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/<- %ebp 4/r32/esp
+    # . save registers
+    50/push-eax
+    51/push-ecx
+    # (eax..ecx) = "-32"
+    b8/copy-to-eax "-32"/imm32
+    8b/-> *eax 1/r32/ecx
+    8d/copy-address *(eax+ecx+4) 1/r32/ecx
+    05/add-to-eax 4/imm32
+    # var slice/ecx: slice = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/<- %ecx 4/r32/esp
+    #
+    (parse-decimal-int-from-slice %ecx)  # => eax
+    (check-ints-equal %eax -0x20 "F - test-parse-decimal-int-from-slice-multi-digit-negative")  # -32 in hex
+$test-parse-decimal-int-helper-multi-digit-negative:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    58/pop-to-eax
+    # . epilogue
+    89/<- %esp 5/r32/ebp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+decimal-size:  # n: int -> result/eax: int
+    # pseudocode:
+    #   edi = 0
+    #   eax = n
+    #   if eax < 0
+    #     ++edi  # for '-'
+    #     negate eax
+    #   while true
+    #     edx = 0
+    #     eax, edx = eax/10, eax%10
+    #     ++edi
+    #     if (eax == 0) break
+    #   eax = edi
+    #
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/<- %ebp 4/r32/esp
+    # . save registers
+    51/push-ecx
+    52/push-edx
+    57/push-edi
+    # edi = 0
+    bf/copy-to-edi 0/imm32
+    # eax = n
+    8b/-> *(ebp+8) 0/r32/eax
+    # if (n < 0) negate n, increment edi
+    {
+      3d/compare-eax-with 0/imm32
+      7d/jump-if->= break/disp8
+      f7 3/subop/negate %eax
+      47/increment-edi
+    }
+    # const ten/ecx = 10
+    b9/copy-to-ecx  0xa/imm32
+    {
+      ba/copy-to-edx 0/imm32
+      f7 7/subop/idiv-edx-eax-by %ecx  # eax = edx:eax/10; edx = edx:eax%10
+      47/increment-edi
+      3d/compare-eax-and 0/imm32
+      75/jump-if-!= loop/disp8
+    }
+$decimal-size:end:
+    89/<- %eax 7/r32/edi
+    # . restore registers
+    5f/pop-to-edi
+    5a/pop-to-edx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    # . epilogue
+    89/<- %esp 5/r32/ebp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-decimal-size-of-zero:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/<- %ebp 4/r32/esp
+    #
+    (decimal-size 0)  # => eax
+    (check-ints-equal %eax 1 "F - test-decimal-size-of-zero")
+$test-decimal-size-of-zero:end:
+    # . epilogue
+    89/<- %esp 5/r32/ebp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-decimal-size-single-digit:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/<- %ebp 4/r32/esp
+    #
+    (decimal-size 4)  # => eax
+    (check-ints-equal %eax 1 "F - test-decimal-size-single-digit")
+$test-decimal-size-single-digit:end:
+    # . epilogue
+    89/<- %esp 5/r32/ebp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-decimal-size-multi-digit:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/<- %ebp 4/r32/esp
+    #
+    (decimal-size 0xa)  # => eax
+    (check-ints-equal %eax 2 "F - test-decimal-size-multi-digit")
+$test-decimal-size-multi-digit:end:
+    # . epilogue
+    89/<- %esp 5/r32/ebp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-decimal-size-single-digit-negative:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/<- %ebp 4/r32/esp
+    #
+    (decimal-size -4)  # => eax
+    (check-ints-equal %eax 2 "F - test-decimal-size-single-digit-negative")
+$test-decimal-size-single-digit-negative:end:
+    # . epilogue
+    89/<- %esp 5/r32/ebp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-decimal-size-multi-digit-negative:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/<- %ebp 4/r32/esp
+    #
+    (decimal-size -0xa)  # => eax
+    (check-ints-equal %eax 3 "F - test-decimal-size-multi-digit-negative")
+$test-decimal-size-multi-digit-negative:end:
+    # . epilogue
+    89/<- %esp 5/r32/ebp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
diff --git a/baremetal/400.mu b/baremetal/400.mu
index 7ebd90ae..5035042e 100644
--- a/baremetal/400.mu
+++ b/baremetal/400.mu
@@ -26,6 +26,12 @@ sig parse-hex-int in: (addr array byte) -> _/eax: int
 sig parse-hex-int-from-slice in: (addr slice) -> _/eax: int
 #sig parse-hex-int-helper start: (addr byte), end: (addr byte) -> _/eax: int
 sig is-hex-digit? c: byte -> _/eax: boolean
+#sig from-hex-char in/eax: byte -> out/eax: nibble
+sig parse-decimal-int in: (addr array byte) -> _/eax: int
+sig parse-decimal-int-from-slice in: (addr slice) -> _/eax: int
+sig parse-decimal-int-from-stream in: (addr stream byte) -> _/eax: int
+#sig parse-decimal-int-helper start: (addr byte), end: (addr byte) -> _/eax: int
+sig decimal-size n: int -> _/eax: int
 #sig allocate ad: (addr allocation-descriptor), n: int, out: (addr handle _)
 #sig allocate-raw ad: (addr allocation-descriptor), n: int, out: (addr handle _)
 sig lookup h: (handle _T) -> _/eax: (addr _T)
@@ -35,7 +41,18 @@ sig copy-handle src: (handle _T), dest: (addr handle _T)
 #sig allocate-array ad: (addr allocation-descriptor), n: int, out: (addr handle _)
 sig copy-array ad: (addr allocation-descriptor), src: (addr array _T), out: (addr handle array _T)
 #sig zero-out start: (addr byte), size: int
+sig slice-empty? s: (addr slice) -> _/eax: boolean
+sig slice-equal? s: (addr slice), p: (addr array byte) -> _/eax: boolean
+sig slice-starts-with? s: (addr slice), head: (addr array byte) -> _/eax: boolean
+sig write-slice out: (addr stream byte), s: (addr slice)
+# bad name alert
+sig slice-to-string ad: (addr allocation-descriptor), in: (addr slice), out: (addr handle array byte)
 sig write-int32-decimal out: (addr stream byte), n: int
 sig is-decimal-digit? c: grapheme -> _/eax: boolean
 sig to-decimal-digit in: grapheme -> _/eax: int
+# bad name alert
+# next-word really tokenizes
+# next-raw-word really reads whitespace-separated words
+sig next-word line: (addr stream byte), out: (addr slice)  # skips '#' comments
+sig next-raw-word line: (addr stream byte), out: (addr slice)  # does not skip '#' comments
 sig stream-empty? s: (addr stream _) -> _/eax: boolean
diff --git a/baremetal/boot.hex b/baremetal/boot.hex
index c6f8273b..ddc47d31 100644
--- a/baremetal/boot.hex
+++ b/baremetal/boot.hex
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
   b5 00  # ch <- 0  # cylinder 0
   b6 00  # dh <- 0  # track 0
   b1 02  # cl <- 2  # second sector, 1-based
-  b0 3e  # al <- 62  # number of sectors to read; all sectors must be in a single track
+  b0 80  # al <- 128  # number of sectors to read; TODO - all sectors might need to be in a single track on real hardware (so 63 sectors at most including the boot sector)
   # address to write sectors to = es:bx = 0x7e00, contiguous with boot segment
   bb 00 00  # bx <- 0
   8e c3  # es <- bx
@@ -452,10 +452,13 @@ e9 fb ff  # loop forever
 #     a  s  d  f  g  h  j  k  l  ;  '  `     \
       61 73 64 66 67 68 6a 6b 6c 3b 27 60 00 5c
 # offset 42c
-#     z  x  c  v  b  n  m  ,  .  /
-      7a 78 63 76 62 6e 6d 2c 2e 2f
-# offset 436
-                  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
+#     z  x  c  v  b  n  m  ,  .  /     *
+      7a 78 63 76 62 6e 6d 2c 2e 2f 00 2a
+# offset 438
+#                          space
+                        00 20
+# offset 43a
+                              00 00 00 00 00 00
 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
diff --git a/baremetal/rpn.mu b/baremetal/rpn.mu
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..df894cbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/baremetal/rpn.mu
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+# Integer arithmetic using postfix notation
+#
+# Limitations:
+#   No division yet.
+#
+# To build:
+#   $ ./translate_mu_baremetal baremetal/rpn.mu
+#
+# Example session:
+#   $ qemu-system-i386 disk.img
+#   > 4
+#   4
+#   > 5 3 -
+#   2
+#
+# '+' and '*' not supported yet because they require the shift key.
+#
+# Error handling is non-existent. This is just a prototype.
+
+fn main -> _/ebx: int {
+  var in-storage: (stream byte 0x80)
+  var in/esi: (addr stream byte) <- address in-storage
+  var y/ecx: int <- copy 0
+  var space/edx: grapheme <- copy 0x20
+  # read-eval-print loop
+  {
+    # print prompt
+    var x/eax: int <- draw-text-rightward 0, "> ", 0, 0x80, y, 3
+    set-cursor-position 0, x, y, space
+    # read line from keyboard
+    clear-stream in
+    {
+      var key/eax: byte <- read-key 0
+      compare key, 0xa  # newline
+      break-if-=
+      compare key, 0
+      loop-if-=
+      var key2/eax: int <- copy key
+      append-byte in, key2
+      var g/eax: grapheme <- copy key2
+      draw-grapheme-at-cursor 0, g, 0xf
+      cursor-right 0
+      loop
+    }
+    # parse and eval
+    var out/eax: int <- simplify in
+    # print
+    y <- increment
+    out, y <- draw-int32-decimal-wrapping-right-then-down 0, out, 0, y, 0x80, 0x30, 0, y, 7
+    # newline
+    y <- increment
+    #
+    loop
+  }
+  return 0
+}
+
+type int-stack {
+  data: (handle array int)
+  top: int
+}
+
+fn simplify in: (addr stream byte) -> _/eax: int {
+  var word-storage: slice
+  var word/ecx: (addr slice) <- address word-storage
+  var stack-storage: int-stack
+  var stack/esi: (addr int-stack) <- address stack-storage
+  initialize-int-stack stack, 0x10
+  $simplify:word-loop: {
+    next-word in, word
+    var done?/eax: boolean <- slice-empty? word
+    compare done?, 0
+    break-if-!=
+    # if word is an operator, perform it
+    {
+      var is-add?/eax: boolean <- slice-equal? word, "+"
+      compare is-add?, 0
+      break-if-=
+      var _b/eax: int <- pop-int-stack stack
+      var b/edx: int <- copy _b
+      var a/eax: int <- pop-int-stack stack
+      a <- add b
+      push-int-stack stack, a
+      loop $simplify:word-loop
+    }
+    {
+      var is-sub?/eax: boolean <- slice-equal? word, "-"
+      compare is-sub?, 0
+      break-if-=
+      var _b/eax: int <- pop-int-stack stack
+      var b/edx: int <- copy _b
+      var a/eax: int <- pop-int-stack stack
+      a <- subtract b
+      push-int-stack stack, a
+      loop $simplify:word-loop
+    }
+    {
+      var is-mul?/eax: boolean <- slice-equal? word, "*"
+      compare is-mul?, 0
+      break-if-=
+      var _b/eax: int <- pop-int-stack stack
+      var b/edx: int <- copy _b
+      var a/eax: int <- pop-int-stack stack
+      a <- multiply b
+      push-int-stack stack, a
+      loop $simplify:word-loop
+    }
+    # otherwise it's an int
+    var n/eax: int <- parse-decimal-int-from-slice word
+    push-int-stack stack, n
+    loop
+  }
+  var result/eax: int <- pop-int-stack stack
+  return result
+}
+
+fn initialize-int-stack _self: (addr int-stack), n: int {
+  var self/esi: (addr int-stack) <- copy _self
+  var d/edi: (addr handle array int) <- get self, data
+  populate d, n
+  var top/eax: (addr int) <- get self, top
+  copy-to *top, 0
+}
+
+fn push-int-stack _self: (addr int-stack), _val: int {
+  var self/esi: (addr int-stack) <- copy _self
+  var top-addr/ecx: (addr int) <- get self, top
+  var data-ah/edx: (addr handle array int) <- get self, data
+  var data/eax: (addr array int) <- lookup *data-ah
+  var top/edx: int <- copy *top-addr
+  var dest-addr/edx: (addr int) <- index data, top
+  var val/eax: int <- copy _val
+  copy-to *dest-addr, val
+  add-to *top-addr, 1
+}
+
+fn pop-int-stack _self: (addr int-stack) -> _/eax: int {
+  var self/esi: (addr int-stack) <- copy _self
+  var top-addr/ecx: (addr int) <- get self, top
+  {
+    compare *top-addr, 0
+    break-if->
+    return 0
+  }
+  subtract-from *top-addr, 1
+  var data-ah/edx: (addr handle array int) <- get self, data
+  var data/eax: (addr array int) <- lookup *data-ah
+  var top/edx: int <- copy *top-addr
+  var result-addr/eax: (addr int) <- index data, top
+  var val/eax: int <- copy *result-addr
+  return val
+}