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| author | Kartik K. Agaram <vc@akkartik.com> | 2016-05-21 17:44:53 -0700 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Kartik K. Agaram <vc@akkartik.com> | 2016-05-21 17:44:53 -0700 |
| commit | 2f02189ddcdeb7d25b0ca9bd5b955b764d41a1a7 (patch) | |
| tree | 7c2e8b6e37ae3201dc01e90bcb390ee60b7f4a77 /html/033address.cc.html | |
| parent | 61c025b11ed4ddd002f09f061fd77c75d8b6d0ba (diff) | |
| download | mu-2f02189ddcdeb7d25b0ca9bd5b955b764d41a1a7.tar.gz | |
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| -rw-r--r-- | html/033address.cc.html | 1067 |
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diff --git a/html/033address.cc.html b/html/033address.cc.html deleted file mode 100644 index f71ee22a..00000000 --- a/html/033address.cc.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1067 +0,0 @@ -<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> -<html> -<head> -<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> -<title>Mu - 033address.cc</title> -<meta name="Generator" content="Vim/7.4"> -<meta name="plugin-version" content="vim7.4_v2"> -<meta name="syntax" content="cpp"> -<meta name="settings" content="use_css,pre_wrap,no_foldcolumn,expand_tabs,prevent_copy="> -<meta name="colorscheme" content="minimal"> -<style type="text/css"> -<!-- -pre { white-space: pre-wrap; font-family: monospace; color: #eeeeee; background-color: #080808; } -body { font-size: 12pt; font-family: monospace; color: #eeeeee; background-color: #080808; } -* { font-size: 12pt; font-size: 1em; } -.Constant { color: #00a0a0; } -.traceAbsent { color: #c00000; } -.Special { color: #c00000; } -.traceContains { color: #008000; } -.cSpecial { color: #008000; } -.Comment { color: #9090ff; } -.Delimiter { color: #800080; } -.SalientComment { color: #00ffff; } -.Identifier { color: #fcb165; } -.Normal { color: #eeeeee; background-color: #080808; padding-bottom: 1px; } -.CommentedCode { color: #6c6c6c; } ---> -</style> - -<script type='text/javascript'> -<!-- - ---> -</script> -</head> -<body> -<pre id='vimCodeElement'> -<span class="Comment">//: Addresses help us spend less time copying data around.</span> - -<span class="Comment">//: So far we've been operating on primitives like numbers and characters, and</span> -<span class="Comment">//: we've started combining these primitives together into larger logical</span> -<span class="Comment">//: units (containers or arrays) that may contain many different primitives at</span> -<span class="Comment">//: once. Containers and arrays can grow quite large in complex programs, and</span> -<span class="Comment">//: we'd like some way to efficiently share them between recipes without</span> -<span class="Comment">//: constantly having to make copies. Right now 'next-ingredient' and 'reply'</span> -<span class="Comment">//: copy data across recipe boundaries. To avoid copying large quantities of</span> -<span class="Comment">//: data around, we'll use *addresses*. An address is a bookmark to some</span> -<span class="Comment">//: arbitrary quantity of data (the *payload*). It's a primitive, so it's as</span> -<span class="Comment">//: efficient to copy as a number. To read or modify the payload 'pointed to'</span> -<span class="Comment">//: by an address, we'll perform a *lookup*.</span> -<span class="Comment">//:</span> -<span class="Comment">//: The notion of 'lookup' isn't an instruction like 'add' or 'subtract'.</span> -<span class="Comment">//: Instead it's an operation that can be performed when reading any of the</span> -<span class="Comment">//: ingredients of an instruction, and when writing to any of the products. To</span> -<span class="Comment">//: write to the payload of an ingredient rather than its value, simply add</span> -<span class="Comment">//: the /lookup property to it. Modern computers provide efficient support for</span> -<span class="Comment">//: addresses and lookups, making this a realistic feature.</span> -<span class="Comment">//:</span> -<span class="Comment">//: To recap: an address is a bookmark to some potentially large payload, and</span> -<span class="Comment">//: you can replace any ingredient or product with a lookup to an address of</span> -<span class="Comment">//: the appropriate type. But how do we get addresses to begin with? That</span> -<span class="Comment">//: requires a little more explanation. Once we introduce the notion of</span> -<span class="Comment">//: bookmarks to data, we have to think about the life cycle of a piece of</span> -<span class="Comment">//: data and its bookmarks (because remember, bookmarks can be copied around</span> -<span class="Comment">//: just like anything else). Otherwise several bad outcomes can result (and</span> -<span class="Comment">//: indeed *have* resulted in past languages like C):</span> -<span class="Comment">//:</span> -<span class="Comment">//: a) You can run out of memory if you don't have a way to reclaim</span> -<span class="Comment">//: data.</span> -<span class="Comment">//: b) If you allow data to be reclaimed, you have to be careful not to</span> -<span class="Comment">//: leave any stale addresses pointing at it. Otherwise your program might</span> -<span class="Comment">//: try to lookup such an address and find something unexpected. Such</span> -<span class="Comment">//: problems can be very hard to track down, and they can also be exploited</span> -<span class="Comment">//: to break into your computer over the network, etc.</span> -<span class="Comment">//:</span> -<span class="Comment">//: To avoid these problems, we introduce the notion of a *reference count* or</span> -<span class="Comment">//: refcount. The life cycle of a bit of data accessed through addresses looks</span> -<span class="Comment">//: like this.</span> -<span class="Comment">//:</span> -<span class="Comment">//: We create space in computer memory for it using the 'new' instruction.</span> -<span class="Comment">//: The 'new' instruction takes a type as an ingredient, allocates</span> -<span class="Comment">//: sufficient space to hold that type, and returns an address (bookmark)</span> -<span class="Comment">//: to the allocated space.</span> -<span class="Comment">//:</span> -<span class="Comment">//: x:address:number <- new number:type</span> -<span class="Comment">//:</span> -<span class="Comment">//: +------------+</span> -<span class="Comment">//: x -------> | number |</span> -<span class="Comment">//: +------------+</span> -<span class="Comment">//:</span> -<span class="Comment">//: That isn't entirely accurate. Under the hood, 'new' allocates an extra</span> -<span class="Comment">//: number -- the refcount:</span> -<span class="Comment">//:</span> -<span class="Comment">//: +------------+------------+</span> -<span class="Comment">//: x -------> | refcount | number |</span> -<span class="Comment">//: +------------+------------+</span> -<span class="Comment">//:</span> -<span class="Comment">//: This probably seems like a waste of space. In practice it isn't worth</span> -<span class="Comment">//: allocating individual numbers and our payload will tend to be larger,</span> -<span class="Comment">//: so the picture would look more like this (zooming out a bit):</span> -<span class="Comment">//:</span> -<span class="Comment">//: +-------------------------+</span> -<span class="Comment">//: +---+ |</span> -<span class="Comment">//: x -------> | r | |</span> -<span class="Comment">//: +---+ DATA |</span> -<span class="Comment">//: | |</span> -<span class="Comment">//: | |</span> -<span class="Comment">//: +-------------------------+</span> -<span class="Comment">//:</span> -<span class="Comment">//: (Here 'r' denotes the refcount. It occupies a tiny amount of space</span> -<span class="Comment">//: compared to the payload.)</span> -<span class="Comment">//:</span> -<span class="Comment">//: Anyways, back to our example where the data is just a single number.</span> -<span class="Comment">//: After the call to 'new', Mu's map of memory looks like this:</span> -<span class="Comment">//:</span> -<span class="Comment">//: +---+------------+</span> -<span class="Comment">//: x -------> | 1 | number |</span> -<span class="Comment">//: +---+------------+</span> -<span class="Comment">//:</span> -<span class="Comment">//: The refcount of 1 here indicates that this number has one bookmark</span> -<span class="Comment">//: outstanding. If you then make a copy of x, the refcount increments:</span> -<span class="Comment">//:</span> -<span class="Comment">//: y:address:number <- copy x</span> -<span class="Comment">//:</span> -<span class="Comment">//: x ---+ +---+------------+</span> -<span class="Comment">//: +---> | 2 | number |</span> -<span class="Comment">//: y ---+ +---+------------+</span> -<span class="Comment">//:</span> -<span class="Comment">//: Whether you access the payload through x or y, Mu knows how many</span> -<span class="Comment">//: bookmarks are outstanding to it. When you change x or y, the refcount</span> -<span class="Comment">//: transparently decrements:</span> -<span class="Comment">//:</span> -<span class="Comment">//: x <- copy 0 # an address is just a number, you can always write 0 to it</span> -<span class="Comment">//:</span> -<span class="Comment">//: +---+------------+</span> -<span class="Comment">//: y -------> | 1 | number |</span> -<span class="Comment">//: +---+------------+</span> -<span class="Comment">//:</span> -<span class="Comment">//: The final flourish is what happens when the refcount goes down to 0: Mu</span> -<span class="Comment">//: reclaims the space occupied by both refcount and payload in memory, and</span> -<span class="Comment">//: they're ready to be reused by later calls to 'new'.</span> -<span class="Comment">//:</span> -<span class="Comment">//: y <- copy 0</span> -<span class="Comment">//:</span> -<span class="Comment">//: +---+------------+</span> -<span class="Comment">//: | 0 | XXXXXXX |</span> -<span class="Comment">//: +---+------------+</span> -<span class="Comment">//:</span> -<span class="Comment">//: Using refcounts fixes both our problems a) and b) above: you can use</span> -<span class="Comment">//: memory for many different purposes as many times as you want without</span> -<span class="Comment">//: running out of memory, and you don't have to worry about ever leaving a</span> -<span class="Comment">//: dangling bookmark when you reclaim memory.</span> -<span class="Comment">//:</span> -<span class="Comment">//: Ok, let's rewind the clock back to this situation where we have an</span> -<span class="Comment">//: address:</span> -<span class="Comment">//:</span> -<span class="Comment">//: +---+------------+</span> -<span class="Comment">//: x -------> | 1 | number |</span> -<span class="Comment">//: +---+------------+</span> -<span class="Comment">//:</span> -<span class="Comment">//: Once you have an address you can read or modify its payload by performing</span> -<span class="Comment">//: a lookup:</span> -<span class="Comment">//:</span> -<span class="Comment">//: x/lookup <- copy 34</span> -<span class="Comment">//:</span> -<span class="Comment">//: or more concisely:</span> -<span class="Comment">//:</span> -<span class="Comment">//: *x <- copy 34</span> -<span class="Comment">//:</span> -<span class="Comment">//: This modifies not x, but the payload x points to:</span> -<span class="Comment">//:</span> -<span class="Comment">//: +---+------------+</span> -<span class="Comment">//: x -------> | 1 | 34 |</span> -<span class="Comment">//: +---+------------+</span> -<span class="Comment">//:</span> -<span class="Comment">//: You can also read from the payload in instructions like this:</span> -<span class="Comment">//:</span> -<span class="Comment">//: z:number <- add *x, 1</span> -<span class="Comment">//:</span> -<span class="Comment">//: After this instruction runs the value of z will be 35.</span> -<span class="Comment">//:</span> -<span class="Comment">//: The rest of this (long) layer is divided up into 4 sections:</span> -<span class="Comment">//: the implementation of the 'new' instruction</span> -<span class="Comment">//: how instructions lookup addresses</span> -<span class="Comment">//: how instructions update refcounts when modifying address variables</span> -<span class="Comment">//: how instructions abandon and reclaim memory when refcounts drop to 0</span> - -<span class="SalientComment">//:: the 'new' instruction allocates unique memory including a refcount</span> -<span class="Comment">//: todo: give 'new' a custodian ingredient. Following malloc/free is a temporary hack.</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario new)</span> -<span class="Comment"># call 'new' two times with identical types without modifying the results; you</span> -<span class="Comment"># should get back different results</span> -def main [ - <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number/<span class="Special">raw <- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> number:type - <span class="Constant">2</span>:address:number/<span class="Special">raw <- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> number:type - <span class="Constant">3</span>:boolean/<span class="Special">raw <- </span>equal <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number/<span class="Special">raw</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">2</span>:address:number/<span class="Special">raw</span> -] -<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 0 in location 3</span> - -<span class="Comment">//: 'new' takes a weird 'type' as its first ingredient; don't error on it</span> -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Mu Types Initialization")</span> -put<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Type_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">"type"</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span> -<span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span> -<span class="Normal">bool</span> is_mu_type_literal<span class="Delimiter">(</span>reagent r<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> - <span class="Identifier">return</span> is_literal<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">)</span> && r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type && r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">-></span>name == <span class="Constant">"type"</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> -<span class="Delimiter">}</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Primitive Recipe Declarations")</span> -NEW<span class="Delimiter">,</span> -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Primitive Recipe Numbers")</span> -put<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">"new"</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> NEW<span class="Delimiter">);</span> -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Primitive Recipe Checks")</span> -<span class="Normal">case</span> NEW: <span class="Delimiter">{</span> - <span class="Normal">const</span> recipe& caller = get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> r<span class="Delimiter">);</span> - <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">()</span> || SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">)</span> > <span class="Constant">2</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> - raise << maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">"'new' requires one or two ingredients, but got "</span> << to_original_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> << end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> - <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> - <span class="Delimiter">}</span> - <span class="Comment">// End NEW Check Special-cases</span> - reagent type = inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span> - <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!is_mu_type_literal<span class="Delimiter">(</span>type<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> - raise << maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">"first ingredient of 'new' should be a type, but got "</span> << type<span class="Delimiter">.</span>original_string << <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> << end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> - <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> - <span class="Delimiter">}</span> - <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">())</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> - raise << maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">"result of 'new' should never be ignored</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">"</span> << end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> - <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> - <span class="Delimiter">}</span> - <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!product_of_new_is_valid<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> - raise << maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">"product of 'new' has incorrect type: "</span> << to_original_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> << end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> - <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> - <span class="Delimiter">}</span> - <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> -<span class="Delimiter">}</span> -<span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span> -<span class="Normal">bool</span> product_of_new_is_valid<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">const</span> instruction& inst<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> - reagent product = inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span> - canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>product<span class="Delimiter">);</span> - <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!product<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type || product<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">-></span>value != get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Type_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">"address"</span><span class="Delimiter">))</span> - <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> - drop_from_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>product<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">"address"</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span> - <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">)</span> > <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> - <span class="Comment">// array allocation</span> - <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!product<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type || product<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">-></span>value != get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Type_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">"array"</span><span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> - drop_from_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>product<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">"array"</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span> - <span class="Delimiter">}</span> - reagent expected_product<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">"x:"</span>+inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>name<span class="Delimiter">);</span> - <span class="Comment">// End Post-processing(expected_product) When Checking 'new'</span> - <span class="Identifier">return</span> types_strictly_match<span class="Delimiter">(</span>product<span class="Delimiter">,</span> expected_product<span class="Delimiter">);</span> -<span class="Delimiter">}</span> - -<span class="Comment">//: To implement 'new', a Mu transform turns all 'new' instructions into</span> -<span class="Comment">//: 'allocate' instructions that precompute the amount of memory they want to</span> -<span class="Comment">//: allocate.</span> - -<span class="Comment">//: Ensure that we never call 'allocate' directly, and that there's no 'new'</span> -<span class="Comment">//: instructions left after the transforms have run.</span> -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Primitive Recipe Checks")</span> -<span class="Normal">case</span> ALLOCATE: <span class="Delimiter">{</span> - raise << <span class="Constant">"never call 'allocate' directly'; always use 'new'</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">"</span> << end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> - <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> -<span class="Delimiter">}</span> -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")</span> -<span class="Normal">case</span> NEW: <span class="Delimiter">{</span> - raise << <span class="Constant">"no implementation for 'new'; why wasn't it translated to 'allocate'? Please save a copy of your program and send it to Kartik.</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">"</span> << end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> - <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> -<span class="Delimiter">}</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(after "Transform.push_back(check_instruction)")</span> <span class="Comment">// check_instruction will guard against direct 'allocate' instructions below</span> -Transform<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>transform_new_to_allocate<span class="Delimiter">);</span> <span class="Comment">// idempotent</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span> -<span class="Normal">void</span> transform_new_to_allocate<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">const</span> recipe_ordinal r<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> - trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9991</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">"transform"</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">"--- convert 'new' to 'allocate' for recipe "</span> << get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> r<span class="Delimiter">).</span>name << end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> - <span class="Normal">for</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">int</span> i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i < SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> r<span class="Delimiter">).</span>steps<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> - instruction& inst = get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> r<span class="Delimiter">).</span>steps<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">);</span> - <span class="Comment">// Convert 'new' To 'allocate'</span> - <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name == <span class="Constant">"new"</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> - inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>operation = ALLOCATE<span class="Delimiter">;</span> - string_tree* type_name = <span class="Normal">new</span> string_tree<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>name<span class="Delimiter">);</span> - <span class="Comment">// End Post-processing(type_name) When Converting 'new'</span> - type_tree* type = new_type_tree<span class="Delimiter">(</span>type_name<span class="Delimiter">);</span> - inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>set_value<span class="Delimiter">(</span>size_of<span class="Delimiter">(</span>type<span class="Delimiter">));</span> - trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9992</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">"new"</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">"size of "</span> << to_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>type_name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">" is "</span> << inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>value << end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> - <span class="Normal">delete</span> type<span class="Delimiter">;</span> - <span class="Normal">delete</span> type_name<span class="Delimiter">;</span> - <span class="Delimiter">}</span> - <span class="Delimiter">}</span> -<span class="Delimiter">}</span> - -<span class="Comment">//: implement 'allocate' based on size</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Globals")</span> -<span class="Normal">const</span> <span class="Normal">int</span> Reserved_for_tests = <span class="Constant">1000</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> -<span class="Normal">int</span> Memory_allocated_until = Reserved_for_tests<span class="Delimiter">;</span> -<span class="Normal">int</span> Initial_memory_per_routine = <span class="Constant">100000</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Setup")</span> -Memory_allocated_until = Reserved_for_tests<span class="Delimiter">;</span> -Initial_memory_per_routine = <span class="Constant">100000</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End routine Fields")</span> -<span class="Normal">int</span> alloc<span class="Delimiter">,</span> alloc_max<span class="Delimiter">;</span> -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End routine Constructor")</span> -alloc = Memory_allocated_until<span class="Delimiter">;</span> -Memory_allocated_until += Initial_memory_per_routine<span class="Delimiter">;</span> -alloc_max = Memory_allocated_until<span class="Delimiter">;</span> -trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9999</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">"new"</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">"routine allocated memory from "</span> << alloc << <span class="Constant">" to "</span> << alloc_max << end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Primitive Recipe Declarations")</span> -ALLOCATE<span class="Delimiter">,</span> -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Primitive Recipe Numbers")</span> -put<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">"allocate"</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> ALLOCATE<span class="Delimiter">);</span> -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")</span> -<span class="Normal">case</span> ALLOCATE: <span class="Delimiter">{</span> - <span class="Comment">// compute the space we need</span> - <span class="Normal">int</span> size = ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span> - <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">)</span> > <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> - <span class="Comment">// array allocation</span> - trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9999</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">"mem"</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">"array size is "</span> << ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> << end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> - size = <span class="Comment">/*</span><span class="Comment">space for length</span><span class="Comment">*/</span><span class="Constant">1</span> + size*ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span> - <span class="Delimiter">}</span> - <span class="Comment">// include space for refcount</span> - size++<span class="Delimiter">;</span> - trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9999</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">"mem"</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">"allocating size "</span> << size << end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> -<span class="CommentedCode">//? Total_alloc += size;</span> -<span class="CommentedCode">//? Num_alloc++;</span> - <span class="Comment">// compute the region of memory to return</span> - <span class="Comment">// really crappy at the moment</span> - ensure_space<span class="Delimiter">(</span>size<span class="Delimiter">);</span> - <span class="Normal">const</span> <span class="Normal">int</span> result = Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-></span>alloc<span class="Delimiter">;</span> - trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9999</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">"mem"</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">"new alloc: "</span> << result << end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> - <span class="Comment">// save result</span> - products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>resize<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span> - products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>result<span class="Delimiter">);</span> - <span class="Comment">// initialize allocated space</span> - <span class="Normal">for</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">int</span> address = result<span class="Delimiter">;</span> address < result+size<span class="Delimiter">;</span> ++address<span class="Delimiter">)</span> - put<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Memory<span class="Delimiter">,</span> address<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span> - <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">)</span> > <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> - <span class="Comment">// initialize array length</span> - trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9999</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">"mem"</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">"storing "</span> << ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">" in location "</span> << result+<span class="Comment">/*</span><span class="Comment">skip refcount</span><span class="Comment">*/</span><span class="Constant">1</span> << end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> - put<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Memory<span class="Delimiter">,</span> result+<span class="Comment">/*</span><span class="Comment">skip refcount</span><span class="Comment">*/</span><span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">));</span> - <span class="Delimiter">}</span> - Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-></span>alloc += size<span class="Delimiter">;</span> - <span class="Comment">// no support yet for reclaiming memory between routines</span> - assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-></span>alloc <= Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-></span>alloc_max<span class="Delimiter">);</span> - <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> -<span class="Delimiter">}</span> - -<span class="Comment">//: statistics for debugging</span> -<span class="CommentedCode">//? :(before "End Globals")</span> -<span class="CommentedCode">//? int Total_alloc = 0;</span> -<span class="CommentedCode">//? int Num_alloc = 0;</span> -<span class="CommentedCode">//? int Total_free = 0;</span> -<span class="CommentedCode">//? int Num_free = 0;</span> -<span class="CommentedCode">//? :(before "End Setup")</span> -<span class="CommentedCode">//? Total_alloc = Num_alloc = Total_free = Num_free = 0;</span> -<span class="CommentedCode">//? :(before "End Teardown")</span> -<span class="CommentedCode">//? cerr << Total_alloc << "/" << Num_alloc</span> -<span class="CommentedCode">//? << " vs " << Total_free << "/" << Num_free << '\n';</span> -<span class="CommentedCode">//? cerr << SIZE(Memory) << '\n';</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span> -<span class="Normal">void</span> ensure_space<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">int</span> size<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> - <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>size > Initial_memory_per_routine<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> - tb_shutdown<span class="Delimiter">();</span> - cerr << <span class="Constant">"can't allocate "</span> << size << <span class="Constant">" locations, that's too much compared to "</span> << Initial_memory_per_routine << <span class="Constant">".</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">"</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> - exit<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span> - <span class="Delimiter">}</span> - <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-></span>alloc + size > Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-></span>alloc_max<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> - <span class="Comment">// waste the remaining space and create a new chunk</span> - Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-></span>alloc = Memory_allocated_until<span class="Delimiter">;</span> - Memory_allocated_until += Initial_memory_per_routine<span class="Delimiter">;</span> - Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-></span>alloc_max = Memory_allocated_until<span class="Delimiter">;</span> - trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9999</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">"new"</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">"routine allocated memory from "</span> << Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-></span>alloc << <span class="Constant">" to "</span> << Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-></span>alloc_max << end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> - <span class="Delimiter">}</span> -<span class="Delimiter">}</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario new_initializes)</span> -<span class="Special">% Memory_allocated_until = 10;</span> -<span class="Special">% put(Memory, Memory_allocated_until, 1);</span> -def main [ - <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number<span class="Special"> <- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> number:type - <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number/lookup -] -<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 0 in location 2</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario new_error)</span> -<span class="Special">% Hide_errors = true;</span> -def main [ - <span class="Constant">1</span>:number/<span class="Special">raw <- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> number:type -] -<span class="traceContains">+error: main: product of 'new' has incorrect type: 1:number/raw <- new number:type</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario new_array)</span> -def main [ - <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:array:number/<span class="Special">raw <- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> number:type<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">5</span> - <span class="Constant">2</span>:address:number/<span class="Special">raw <- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> number:type - <span class="Constant">3</span>:number/<span class="Special">raw <- </span>subtract <span class="Constant">2</span>:address:number/<span class="Special">raw</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:array:number/<span class="Special">raw</span> -] -<span class="traceContains">+run: {1: ("address" "array" "number"), "raw": ()} <- new {number: "type"}, {5: "literal"}</span> -<span class="traceContains">+mem: array size is 5</span> -<span class="Comment"># don't forget the extra location for array size, and the second extra location for the refcount</span> -<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 7 in location 3</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario new_empty_array)</span> -def main [ - <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:array:number/<span class="Special">raw <- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> number:type<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">0</span> - <span class="Constant">2</span>:address:number/<span class="Special">raw <- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> number:type - <span class="Constant">3</span>:number/<span class="Special">raw <- </span>subtract <span class="Constant">2</span>:address:number/<span class="Special">raw</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:array:number/<span class="Special">raw</span> -] -<span class="traceContains">+run: {1: ("address" "array" "number"), "raw": ()} <- new {number: "type"}, {0: "literal"}</span> -<span class="traceContains">+mem: array size is 0</span> -<span class="Comment"># one location for array size, and one for the refcount</span> -<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 2 in location 3</span> - -<span class="Comment">//: If a routine runs out of its initial allocation, it should allocate more.</span> -<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario new_overflow)</span> -<span class="Special">% Initial_memory_per_routine = 3; // barely enough room for point allocation below</span> -def main [ - <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number/<span class="Special">raw <- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> number:type - <span class="Constant">2</span>:address:point/<span class="Special">raw <- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> point:type <span class="Comment"># not enough room in initial page</span> -] -<span class="traceContains">+new: routine allocated memory from 1000 to 1003</span> -<span class="traceContains">+new: routine allocated memory from 1003 to 1006</span> - -<span class="SalientComment">//:: /lookup can go from an address to the payload it points at, skipping the refcount</span> -<span class="Comment">//: the tests in this section use unsafe operations so as to stay decoupled from 'new'</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario copy_indirect)</span> -def main [ - <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">10</span>/unsafe - <span class="Constant">11</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span> - <span class="Comment"># This loads location 1 as an address and looks up *that* location.</span> - <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number/lookup -] -<span class="Comment"># 1 contains 10. Skip refcount and lookup location 11.</span> -<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 34 in location 2</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Preprocess read_memory(x)")</span> -canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">);</span> - -<span class="Comment">//: similarly, write to addresses pointing at other locations using the</span> -<span class="Comment">//: 'lookup' property</span> -<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario store_indirect)</span> -def main [ - <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">10</span>/unsafe - <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number/lookup<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span> -] -<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 34 in location 11</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Preprocess write_memory(x)")</span> -canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">);</span> -<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value == <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> - raise << <span class="Constant">"can't write to location 0 in '"</span> << to_original_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">())</span> << <span class="Constant">"'</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">"</span> << end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> - <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> -<span class="Delimiter">}</span> - -<span class="Comment">//: writes to address 0 always loudly fail</span> -<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario store_to_0_fails)</span> -<span class="Special">% Hide_errors = true;</span> -def main [ - <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">0</span> - <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number/lookup<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span> -] -<span class="traceAbsent">-mem: storing 34 in location 0</span> -<span class="traceContains">+error: can't write to location 0 in '1:address:number/lookup <- copy 34'</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span> -<span class="Normal">void</span> canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>reagent& x<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> - <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_literal<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> - <span class="Comment">// End canonize(x) Special-cases</span> - <span class="Normal">while</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>has_property<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">"lookup"</span><span class="Delimiter">))</span> - lookup_memory<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">);</span> -<span class="Delimiter">}</span> - -<span class="Normal">void</span> lookup_memory<span class="Delimiter">(</span>reagent& x<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> - <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type || x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">-></span>value != get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Type_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">"address"</span><span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> - raise << maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_recipe_name<span class="Delimiter">())</span> << <span class="Constant">"tried to /lookup "</span> << x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>original_string << <span class="Constant">" but it isn't an address</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">"</span> << end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> - <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> - <span class="Delimiter">}</span> - <span class="Comment">// compute value</span> - <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value == <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> - raise << maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_recipe_name<span class="Delimiter">())</span> << <span class="Constant">"tried to /lookup 0</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">"</span> << end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> - <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> - <span class="Delimiter">}</span> - trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9999</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">"mem"</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">"location "</span> << x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value << <span class="Constant">" is "</span> << no_scientific<span class="Delimiter">(</span>get_or_insert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Memory<span class="Delimiter">,</span> x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value<span class="Delimiter">))</span> << end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> - x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>set_value<span class="Delimiter">(</span>get_or_insert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Memory<span class="Delimiter">,</span> x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value<span class="Delimiter">));</span> - drop_from_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">"address"</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span> - <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value != <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> - trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9999</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">"mem"</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">"skipping refcount at "</span> << x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value << end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> - x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>set_value<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value+<span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span> <span class="Comment">// skip refcount</span> - <span class="Delimiter">}</span> - drop_one_lookup<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">);</span> -<span class="Delimiter">}</span> - -<span class="Normal">void</span> test_lookup_address_skips_refcount<span class="Delimiter">()</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> - reagent x<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">"*x:address:number"</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span> - x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>set_value<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">34</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span> <span class="Comment">// unsafe</span> - put<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Memory<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">34</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">1000</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span> - lookup_memory<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">);</span> - CHECK_TRACE_CONTENTS<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">"mem: skipping refcount at 1000"</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span> - CHECK_EQ<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">1001</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span> -<span class="Delimiter">}</span> - -<span class="Normal">void</span> test_lookup_zero_address_does_not_skip_refcount<span class="Delimiter">()</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> - reagent x<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">"*x:address:number"</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span> - x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>set_value<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">34</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span> <span class="Comment">// unsafe</span> - put<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Memory<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">34</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span> - lookup_memory<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">);</span> - CHECK_TRACE_DOESNT_CONTAIN<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">"mem: skipping refcount at 0"</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span> - CHECK_EQ<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span> -<span class="Delimiter">}</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(after "bool types_strictly_match(reagent to, reagent from)")</span> - <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>to<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> - <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>from<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(after "bool is_mu_array(reagent r)")</span> - <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(after "bool is_mu_address(reagent r)")</span> - <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(after "bool is_mu_number(reagent r)")</span> - <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> -<span class="Delimiter">:(after "bool is_mu_boolean(reagent r)")</span> - <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(after "Update product While Type-checking Merge")</span> -<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>product<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">continue</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Compute Call Ingredient")</span> -canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredient<span class="Delimiter">);</span> -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Preprocess NEXT_INGREDIENT product")</span> -canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>product<span class="Delimiter">);</span> -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Check RETURN Copy(lhs, rhs)</span> -canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>lhs<span class="Delimiter">);</span> -canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>rhs<span class="Delimiter">);</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span> -<span class="Normal">bool</span> canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>reagent& r<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> - <span class="Normal">while</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>has_property<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">"lookup"</span><span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> - <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type || r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">-></span>value != get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Type_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">"address"</span><span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> - raise << <span class="Constant">"can't lookup non-address: "</span> << to_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="Constant">": "</span> << to_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> << end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> - <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> - <span class="Delimiter">}</span> - drop_from_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">"address"</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span> - drop_one_lookup<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">);</span> - <span class="Delimiter">}</span> - <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">true</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> -<span class="Delimiter">}</span> - -<span class="Normal">void</span> drop_from_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>reagent& r<span class="Delimiter">,</span> string expected_type<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> - <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">-></span>name != expected_type<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> - raise << <span class="Constant">"can't drop2 "</span> << expected_type << <span class="Constant">" from "</span> << to_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">)</span> << <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> << end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> - <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> - <span class="Delimiter">}</span> - type_tree* tmp = r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">;</span> - r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type = tmp<span class="Delimiter">-></span>right<span class="Delimiter">;</span> - tmp<span class="Delimiter">-></span>right = <span class="Constant">NULL</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> - <span class="Normal">delete</span> tmp<span class="Delimiter">;</span> -<span class="Delimiter">}</span> - -<span class="Normal">void</span> drop_one_lookup<span class="Delimiter">(</span>reagent& r<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> - <span class="Normal">for</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>vector<pair<string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> string_tree*> >::iterator p = r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">();</span> p != r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> ++p<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> - <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>p<span class="Delimiter">-></span>first == <span class="Constant">"lookup"</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> - r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>erase<span class="Delimiter">(</span>p<span class="Delimiter">);</span> - <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> - <span class="Delimiter">}</span> - <span class="Delimiter">}</span> - assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span> -<span class="Delimiter">}</span> - -<span class="Comment">//: Tedious fixup to support addresses in container/array instructions of previous layers.</span> -<span class="Comment">//: Most instructions don't require fixup if they use the 'ingredients' and</span> -<span class="Comment">//: 'products' variables in run_current_routine().</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario get_indirect)</span> -def main [ - <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:point<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">10</span>/unsafe - <span class="Comment"># 10 reserved for refcount</span> - <span class="Constant">11</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span> - <span class="Constant">12</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">35</span> - <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>get <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:point/lookup<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">0</span>:offset -] -<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 34 in location 2</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario get_indirect2)</span> -def main [ - <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:point<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">10</span>/unsafe - <span class="Comment"># 10 reserved for refcount</span> - <span class="Constant">11</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span> - <span class="Constant">12</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">35</span> - <span class="Constant">2</span>:address:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">20</span>/unsafe - <span class="Constant">2</span>:address:number/lookup<span class="Special"> <- </span>get <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:point/lookup<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">0</span>:offset -] -<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 34 in location 21</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario include_nonlookup_properties)</span> -def main [ - <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:point<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">10</span>/unsafe - <span class="Comment"># 10 reserved for refcount</span> - <span class="Constant">11</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span> - <span class="Constant">12</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">35</span> - <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>get <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:point/lookup/foo<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">0</span>:offset -] -<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 34 in location 2</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(after "Update GET base in Check")</span> -<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>base<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> -<span class="Delimiter">:(after "Update GET product in Check")</span> -<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>product<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> -<span class="Delimiter">:(after "Update GET base in Run")</span> -canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>base<span class="Delimiter">);</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario put_indirect)</span> -def main [ - <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:point<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">10</span>/unsafe - <span class="Comment"># 10 reserved for refcount</span> - <span class="Constant">11</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span> - <span class="Constant">12</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">35</span> - <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:point/lookup<span class="Special"> <- </span>put <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:point/lookup<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">0</span>:offset<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">36</span> -] -<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 36 in location 11</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(after "Update PUT base in Check")</span> -<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>base<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> -<span class="Delimiter">:(after "Update PUT offset in Check")</span> -<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>offset<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> -<span class="Delimiter">:(after "Update PUT base in Run")</span> -canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>base<span class="Delimiter">);</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario copy_array_indirect)</span> -def main [ - <span class="Comment"># 10 reserved for refcount</span> - <span class="Constant">11</span>:array:number:<span class="Constant">3</span><span class="Special"> <- </span>create-array - <span class="Constant">12</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">14</span> - <span class="Constant">13</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">15</span> - <span class="Constant">14</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">16</span> - <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:array:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">10</span>/unsafe - <span class="Constant">2</span>:array:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:array:number/lookup -] -<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 3 in location 2</span> -<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 14 in location 3</span> -<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 15 in location 4</span> -<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 16 in location 5</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "Update CREATE_ARRAY product in Check")</span> -<span class="Comment">// 'create-array' does not support indirection. Static arrays are meant to be</span> -<span class="Comment">// allocated on the 'stack'.</span> -assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>!has_property<span class="Delimiter">(</span>product<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">"lookup"</span><span class="Delimiter">));</span> -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "Update CREATE_ARRAY product in Run")</span> -<span class="Comment">// 'create-array' does not support indirection. Static arrays are meant to be</span> -<span class="Comment">// allocated on the 'stack'.</span> -assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>!has_property<span class="Delimiter">(</span>product<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">"lookup"</span><span class="Delimiter">));</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario index_indirect)</span> -def main [ - <span class="Comment"># 10 reserved for refcount</span> - <span class="Constant">11</span>:array:number:<span class="Constant">3</span><span class="Special"> <- </span>create-array - <span class="Constant">12</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">14</span> - <span class="Constant">13</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">15</span> - <span class="Constant">14</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">16</span> - <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:array:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">10</span>/unsafe - <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>index <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:array:number/lookup<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">1</span> -] -<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 15 in location 2</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "Update INDEX base in Check")</span> -<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>base<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "Update INDEX index in Check")</span> -<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>index<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "Update INDEX product in Check")</span> -<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>product<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "Update INDEX base in Run")</span> -canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>base<span class="Delimiter">);</span> -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "Update INDEX index in Run")</span> -canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>index<span class="Delimiter">);</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario put_index_indirect)</span> -def main [ - <span class="Comment"># 10 reserved for refcount</span> - <span class="Constant">11</span>:array:number:<span class="Constant">3</span><span class="Special"> <- </span>create-array - <span class="Constant">12</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">14</span> - <span class="Constant">13</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">15</span> - <span class="Constant">14</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">16</span> - <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:array:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">10</span>/unsafe - <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:array:number/lookup<span class="Special"> <- </span>put-index <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:array:number/lookup<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">34</span> -] -<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 34 in location 13</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario put_index_indirect_2)</span> -def main [ - <span class="Constant">1</span>:array:number:<span class="Constant">3</span><span class="Special"> <- </span>create-array - <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">14</span> - <span class="Constant">3</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">15</span> - <span class="Constant">4</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">16</span> - <span class="Constant">5</span>:address:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">10</span>/unsafe - <span class="Comment"># 10 reserved for refcount</span> - <span class="Constant">11</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">1</span> - <span class="Constant">5</span>:address:array:number/lookup<span class="Special"> <- </span>put-index <span class="Constant">1</span>:array:number:<span class="Constant">3</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">5</span>:address:number/lookup<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">34</span> -] -<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 34 in location 3</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "Update PUT_INDEX base in Check")</span> -<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>base<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "Update PUT_INDEX index in Check")</span> -<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>index<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "Update PUT_INDEX value in Check")</span> -<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>value<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "Update PUT_INDEX base in Run")</span> -canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>base<span class="Delimiter">);</span> -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "Update PUT_INDEX index in Run")</span> -canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>index<span class="Delimiter">);</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario length_indirect)</span> -def main [ - <span class="Comment"># 10 reserved for refcount</span> - <span class="Constant">11</span>:array:number:<span class="Constant">3</span><span class="Special"> <- </span>create-array - <span class="Constant">12</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">14</span> - <span class="Constant">13</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">15</span> - <span class="Constant">14</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">16</span> - <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:array:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">10</span>/unsafe - <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>length <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:array:number/lookup -] -<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 3 in location 2</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "Update LENGTH array in Check")</span> -<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>array<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "Update LENGTH array in Run")</span> -canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>array<span class="Delimiter">);</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario maybe_convert_indirect)</span> -def main [ - <span class="Comment"># 10 reserved for refcount</span> - <span class="Constant">11</span>:number-<span class="Normal">or</span>-point<span class="Special"> <- </span>merge <span class="Constant">0</span>/number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">34</span> - <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number-<span class="Normal">or</span>-point<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">10</span>/unsafe - <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">3</span>:boolean<span class="Special"> <- </span>maybe-convert <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number-<span class="Normal">or</span>-point/lookup<span class="Delimiter">,</span> i:variant -] -<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 34 in location 2</span> -<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 1 in location 3</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario maybe_convert_indirect_2)</span> -def main [ - <span class="Comment"># 10 reserved for refcount</span> - <span class="Constant">11</span>:number-<span class="Normal">or</span>-point<span class="Special"> <- </span>merge <span class="Constant">0</span>/number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">34</span> - <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number-<span class="Normal">or</span>-point<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">10</span>/unsafe - <span class="Constant">2</span>:address:number<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">20</span>/unsafe - <span class="Constant">2</span>:address:number/lookup<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">3</span>:boolean<span class="Special"> <- </span>maybe-convert <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number-<span class="Normal">or</span>-point/lookup<span class="Delimiter">,</span> i:variant -] -<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 34 in location 21</span> -<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 1 in location 3</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario maybe_convert_indirect_3)</span> -def main [ - <span class="Comment"># 10 reserved for refcount</span> - <span class="Constant">11</span>:number-<span class="Normal">or</span>-point<span class="Special"> <- </span>merge <span class="Constant">0</span>/number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">34</span> - <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number-<span class="Normal">or</span>-point<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">10</span>/unsafe - <span class="Constant">2</span>:address:boolean<span class="Special"> <- </span>copy <span class="Constant">20</span>/unsafe - <span class="Constant">3</span>:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">2</span>:address:boolean/lookup<span class="Special"> <- </span>maybe-convert <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number-<span class="Normal">or</span>-point/lookup<span class="Delimiter">,</span> i:variant -] -<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 34 in location 3</span> -<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 1 in location 21</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "Update MAYBE_CONVERT base in Check")</span> -<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>base<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "Update MAYBE_CONVERT product in Check")</span> -<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>product<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "Update MAYBE_CONVERT status in Check")</span> -<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>status<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> - -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "Update MAYBE_CONVERT base in Run")</span> -canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>base<span class="Delimiter">);</span> -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "Update MAYBE_CONVERT product in Run")</span> -canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>product<span class="Delimiter">);</span> -<span class="Delimiter">:(before "Update MAYBE_CONVERT status in Run")</span> -canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>status<span class="Delimiter">);</span> - -<span class="="na">id="L114" class="LineNr">114 </span> <span id="L115" class="LineNr">115 </span><span class="Normal">int</span> <a href='000organization.cc.html#L115'>main</a><span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">int</span> argc<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Normal">char</span>* argv[]<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> <span id="L116" class="LineNr">116 </span> atexit<span class="Delimiter">(</span><a href='000organization.cc.html#L150'>reset</a><span class="Delimiter">);</span> <span id="L117" class="LineNr">117 </span> <span class="Comment">// we require a 32-bit little-endian system</span> <span id="L118" class="LineNr">118 </span> assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">sizeof</span><span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">int</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> == <span class="Constant">4</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span> <span id="L119" class="LineNr">119 </span> assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">sizeof</span><span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">float</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> == <span class="Constant">4</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span> <span id="L120" class="LineNr">120 </span> <a href='000organization.cc.html#L154'>assert_little_endian</a><span class="Delimiter">();</span> <span id="L121" class="LineNr">121 </span> <span id="L122" class="LineNr">122 </span> <span class="Comment">// End One-time Setup</span> <span id="L123" class="LineNr">123 </span> <span id="L124" class="LineNr">124 </span> <span class="Comment">// Commandline Parsing</span> <span id="L125" class="LineNr">125 </span> <span class="Comment">// End Commandline Parsing</span> <span id="L126" class="LineNr">126 </span> <span id="L127" class="LineNr">127 </span> <span class="Comment">// End Main</span> <span id="L128" class="LineNr">128 </span> <span id="L129" class="LineNr">129 </span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L130" class="LineNr">130 </span><span class="Delimiter">}</span> <span id="L131" class="LineNr">131 </span> <span id="L132" class="LineNr">132 </span><span class="Comment">// Unit Tests</span> <span id="L133" class="LineNr">133 </span><span class="Comment">// End Unit Tests</span> <span id="L134" class="LineNr">134 </span> <span id="L135" class="LineNr">135 </span><span class="Comment">//: our first directive; insert the following headers at the start of the program</span> <span id="L136" class="LineNr">136 </span><span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Includes")</span> <span id="L137" class="LineNr">137 </span><span class="PreProc">#include </span><span class="Constant"><assert.h></span> <span id="L138" class="LineNr">138 </span><span class="PreProc">#include </span><span class="Constant"><stdlib.h></span> <span id="L139" class="LineNr">139 </span> <span id="L140" class="LineNr">140 </span><span class="Comment">//: Without directives or with the :(code) directive, lines get added at the</span> <span id="L141" class="LineNr">141 </span><span class="Comment">//: end.</span> <span id="L142" class="LineNr">142 </span><span class="Comment">//:</span> <span id="L143" class="LineNr">143 </span><span class="Comment">//: Regardless of where functions are defined, we can call them anywhere we</span> <span id="L144" class="LineNr">144 </span><span class="Comment">//: like as long as we format the function header in a specific way: put it</span> <span id="L145" class="LineNr">145 </span><span class="Comment">//: all on a single line without indent, end the line with ') {' and no</span> <span id="L146" class="LineNr">146 </span><span class="Comment">//: trailing whitespace. As long as functions uniformly start this way, our</span> <span id="L147" class="LineNr">147 </span><span class="Comment">//: 'build' script contains a little command to automatically generate</span> <span id="L148" class="LineNr">148 </span><span class="Comment">//: declarations for them.</span> <span id="L149" class="LineNr">149 </span><span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span> <span id="L150" class="LineNr">150 </span><span class="Normal">void</span> <a href='000organization.cc.html#L150'>reset</a><span class="Delimiter">()</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> <span id="L151" class="LineNr">151 </span> <span class="Comment">// End Reset</span> <span id="L152" class="LineNr">152 </span><span class="Delimiter">}</span> <span id="L153" class="LineNr">153 </span> <span id="L154" class="LineNr">154 </span><span class="Normal">void</span> <a href='000organization.cc.html#L154'>assert_little_endian</a><span class="Delimiter">()</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> <span id="L155" class="LineNr">155 </span> <span class="Normal">const</span> <span class="Normal">int</span> x = <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L156" class="LineNr">156 </span> <span class="Normal">const</span> <span class="Normal">char</span>* y = <span class="Normal">reinterpret_cast</span><<span class="Normal">const</span> <span class="Normal">char</span>*><span class="Delimiter">(</span>&x<span class="Delimiter">);</span> <span id="L157" class="LineNr">157 </span> <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>*y != <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span> <span id="L158" class="LineNr">158 </span> cerr << <span class="Constant">"SubX requires a little-endian processor. Do you have Intel (or AMD or Atom) inside?\n"</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span id="L159" class="LineNr">159 </span> exit<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span> <span id="L160" class="LineNr">160 </span> <span class="Delimiter">}</span> <span id="L161" class="LineNr">161 </span><span class="Delimiter">}</span> <span id="L162" class="LineNr">162 </span><span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Includes")</span> <span id="L163" class="LineNr">163 </span><span class="PreProc">#include</span><span class="Constant"><iostream></span> <span id="L164" class="LineNr">164 </span><span class="Normal">using</span> std::cerr<span class="Delimiter">;</span> </pre> </body> </html> <!-- vim: set foldmethod=manual : --> |