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authorKartik K. Agaram <vc@akkartik.com>2015-11-10 21:35:42 -0800
committerKartik K. Agaram <vc@akkartik.com>2015-11-10 21:43:45 -0800
commit76755b2836b0dadd88f82635f661f9d9df77604d (patch)
treef4f4429510c739fd1f9e51edd10e03c27107acba /html/043new.cc.html
parent080e9cb73fa55cdc862f1dd7593df56e0a6302b8 (diff)
downloadmu-76755b2836b0dadd88f82635f661f9d9df77604d.tar.gz
2423 - describe shape-shifting in html docs
Diffstat (limited to 'html/043new.cc.html')
-rw-r--r--html/043new.cc.html249
1 files changed, 147 insertions, 102 deletions
diff --git a/html/043new.cc.html b/html/043new.cc.html
index 82eaa244..35398d9f 100644
--- a/html/043new.cc.html
+++ b/html/043new.cc.html
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@
 pre { white-space: pre-wrap; font-family: monospace; color: #eeeeee; background-color: #080808; }
 body { font-family: monospace; color: #eeeeee; background-color: #080808; }
 * { font-size: 1.05em; }
-.cSpecial { color: #008000; }
-.SalientComment { color: #00ffff; }
 .traceContains { color: #008000; }
+.SalientComment { color: #00ffff; }
+.cSpecial { color: #008000; }
 .CommentedCode { color: #6c6c6c; }
 .Comment { color: #9090ff; }
 .Delimiter { color: #a04060; }
@@ -57,81 +57,87 @@ long long int alloc<span class="Delimiter">,</span> alloc_max<span class="Delimi
 alloc = Memory_allocated_until<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
 Memory_allocated_until += Initial_memory_per_routine<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
 alloc_max = Memory_allocated_until<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Primitive_recipe_depth<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;new&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;routine allocated memory from &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; alloc &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; to &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; alloc_max &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
-
-<span class="SalientComment">//:: First handle 'type' operands.</span>
+trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9999</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;new&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;routine allocated memory from &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; alloc &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; to &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; alloc_max &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
 
+<span class="SalientComment">//:: 'new' takes a weird 'type' as its first ingredient; don't error on it</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Mu Types Initialization&quot;)</span>
-Type_ordinal[<span class="Constant">&quot;type&quot;</span>] = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-<span class="Delimiter">:(after &quot;Per-recipe Transforms&quot;)</span>
-<span class="Comment">// replace type names with type_ordinals</span>
-if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>operation == Recipe_ordinal[<span class="Constant">&quot;new&quot;</span>]<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-  <span class="Comment">// End NEW Transform Special-cases</span>
-  <span class="Comment">// first arg must be of type 'type'</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">())</span>
-    raise &lt;&lt; Recipe[r]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;: 'new' expects one or two ingredients</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">()</span>
-      || inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>second<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">()</span>
-      || inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>second<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> != <span class="Constant">&quot;type&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span>
-    raise &lt;&lt; Recipe[r]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;: first ingredient of 'new' should be a type, but got &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>original_string &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>Type_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">.</span>find<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> == Type_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">())</span>
-    raise &lt;&lt; Recipe[r]<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;: unknown type &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>name &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
-  inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>set_value<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Type_ordinal[inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>name]<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-  trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Primitive_recipe_depth<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;new&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>name &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; -&gt; &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>name &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
-  end_new_transform:<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
-
-<span class="SalientComment">//:: Now implement the primitive recipe.</span>
-<span class="Comment">//: todo: build 'new' in mu itself</span>
+put<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Type_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;type&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
 
+<span class="SalientComment">//:: typecheck 'new' instructions</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Declarations&quot;)</span>
 NEW<span class="Delimiter">,</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Numbers&quot;)</span>
-Recipe_ordinal[<span class="Constant">&quot;new&quot;</span>] = NEW<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Implementations&quot;)</span>
+put<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;new&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> NEW<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Checks&quot;)</span>
 case NEW: <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">()</span> || SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &gt; <span class="Constant">2</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-    raise &lt;&lt; current_recipe_name<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;: 'new' requires one or two ingredients, but got &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>to_string<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
+  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">()</span> || SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &gt; <span class="Constant">2</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+    raise_error &lt;&lt; maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> r<span class="Delimiter">).</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;'new' requires one or two ingredients, but got &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>to_string<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
     <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
   <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!scalar<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-    raise &lt;&lt; current_recipe_name<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;: first ingredient of 'new' should be a type, but got &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>original_string &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
+  <span class="Comment">// End NEW Check Special-cases</span>
+  reagent type = inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!is_mu_type_literal<span class="Delimiter">(</span>type<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+    raise_error &lt;&lt; maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> r<span class="Delimiter">).</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;first ingredient of 'new' should be a type, but got &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; type<span class="Delimiter">.</span>original_string &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
     <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
   <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
-  <span class="Comment">// compute the space we need</span>
-  long long int size = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-  long long int array_length = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-  <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-    vector&lt;type_ordinal&gt; type<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-    type<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>value<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &gt; <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-      <span class="Comment">// array</span>
-      array_length = ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-      trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Primitive_recipe_depth<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;mem&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;array size is &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; array_length &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
-      size = array_length*size_of<span class="Delimiter">(</span>type<span class="Delimiter">)</span> + <span class="Comment">/*</span><span class="Comment">space for length</span><span class="Comment">*/</span><span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-    <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
-    else <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-      <span class="Comment">// scalar</span>
-      size = size_of<span class="Delimiter">(</span>type<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+  <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+
+<span class="SalientComment">//:: translate 'new' to 'allocate' instructions that take a size instead of a type</span>
+<span class="Delimiter">:(after &quot;Transform.push_back(check_instruction)&quot;)</span>  <span class="Comment">// check_instruction will guard against direct 'allocate' instructions below</span>
+Transform<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>transform_new_to_allocate<span class="Delimiter">);</span>  <span class="Comment">// idempotent</span>
+
+<span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span>
+void transform_new_to_allocate<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const recipe_ordinal r<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+  trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9991</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;--- convert 'new' to 'allocate' for recipe &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> r<span class="Delimiter">).</span>name &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
+<span class="CommentedCode">//?   cerr &lt;&lt; &quot;--- convert 'new' to 'allocate' for recipe &quot; &lt;&lt; get(Recipe, r).name &lt;&lt; '\n';</span>
+  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> r<span class="Delimiter">).</span>steps<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+    instruction&amp; inst = get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> r<span class="Delimiter">).</span>steps<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+    <span class="Comment">// Convert 'new' To 'allocate'</span>
+    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name == <span class="Constant">&quot;new&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+      inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>operation = ALLOCATE<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+      string_tree* type_name = new string_tree<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>name<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+      <span class="Comment">// End Post-processing(type_name) When Converting 'new'</span>
+      type_tree* type = new_type_tree<span class="Delimiter">(</span>type_name<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+      inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>set_value<span class="Delimiter">(</span>size_of<span class="Delimiter">(</span>type<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
+      trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9992</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;new&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;size of &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; debug_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>type_name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; is &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>value &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
+      delete type<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+      delete type_name<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
     <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
   <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+
+<span class="SalientComment">//:: implement 'allocate' based on size</span>
+
+<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Declarations&quot;)</span>
+ALLOCATE<span class="Delimiter">,</span>
+<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Numbers&quot;)</span>
+put<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;allocate&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> ALLOCATE<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Implementations&quot;)</span>
+case ALLOCATE: <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+  <span class="Comment">// compute the space we need</span>
+  long long int size = ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &gt; <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+    <span class="Comment">// array</span>
+    trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9999</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;mem&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;array size is &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
+    size = <span class="Comment">/*</span><span class="Comment">space for length</span><span class="Comment">*/</span><span class="Constant">1</span> + size*ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 <span class="CommentedCode">//?   Total_alloc += size;</span>
 <span class="CommentedCode">//?   Num_alloc++;</span>
   <span class="Comment">// compute the region of memory to return</span>
   <span class="Comment">// really crappy at the moment</span>
   ensure_space<span class="Delimiter">(</span>size<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
   const long long int result = Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>alloc<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-  trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Primitive_recipe_depth<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;mem&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;new alloc: &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; result &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
+  trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9999</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;mem&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;new alloc: &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; result &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
   <span class="Comment">// save result</span>
   products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>resize<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
   products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>result<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
   <span class="Comment">// initialize allocated space</span>
-  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int address = result<span class="Delimiter">;</span> address &lt; result+size<span class="Delimiter">;</span> ++address<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-    Memory[address] = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &gt; <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-    Memory[result] = array_length<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int address = result<span class="Delimiter">;</span> address &lt; result+size<span class="Delimiter">;</span> ++address<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
+    put<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Memory<span class="Delimiter">,</span> address<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+  <span class="Comment">// initialize array length</span>
+  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &gt; <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span>
+    put<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Memory<span class="Delimiter">,</span> result<span class="Delimiter">,</span> ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">));</span>
   <span class="Comment">// bump</span>
   Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>alloc += size<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
   <span class="Comment">// no support for reclaiming memory</span>
@@ -139,6 +145,20 @@ case NEW: <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
   <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 
+<span class="SalientComment">//:: ensure we never call 'allocate' directly; its types are not checked</span>
+<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Checks&quot;)</span>
+case ALLOCATE: <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+  raise &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;never call 'allocate' directly'; always use 'new'</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
+  <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+
+<span class="SalientComment">//:: ensure we never call 'new' without translating it (unless we add special-cases later)</span>
+<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Implementations&quot;)</span>
+case NEW: <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+  raise &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;no implementation for 'new'; why wasn't it translated to 'allocate'?</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
+  <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+
 <span class="CommentedCode">//? :(before &quot;End Globals&quot;)</span>
 <span class="CommentedCode">//? long long int Total_alloc = 0;</span>
 <span class="CommentedCode">//? long long int Num_alloc = 0;</span>
@@ -163,13 +183,13 @@ void ensure_space<span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int size<span class="
     Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>alloc = Memory_allocated_until<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
     Memory_allocated_until += Initial_memory_per_routine<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
     Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>alloc_max = Memory_allocated_until<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-    trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Primitive_recipe_depth<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;new&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;routine allocated memory from &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>alloc &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; to &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>alloc_max &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
+    trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9999</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;new&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;routine allocated memory from &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>alloc &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; to &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>alloc_max &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
   <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 
 <span class="Delimiter">:(scenario new_initializes)</span>
 <span class="Special">% Memory_allocated_until = 10;</span>
-<span class="Special">% Memory[Memory_allocated_until] = 1;</span>
+<span class="Special">% put(Memory, Memory_allocated_until, 1);</span>
 recipe main [
   <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>new number:type
   <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy *<span class="Constant">1</span>:address:number
@@ -247,25 +267,31 @@ Free_list<span class="Delimiter">.</span>clear<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Declarations&quot;)</span>
 ABANDON<span class="Delimiter">,</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Numbers&quot;)</span>
-Recipe_ordinal[<span class="Constant">&quot;abandon&quot;</span>] = ABANDON<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Implementations&quot;)</span>
+put<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;abandon&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> ABANDON<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Checks&quot;)</span>
 case ABANDON: <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">)</span> != <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-    raise &lt;&lt; current_recipe_name<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;: 'abandon' requires one ingredient, but got '&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>to_string<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;'</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
+  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">)</span> != <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+    raise_error &lt;&lt; maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> r<span class="Delimiter">).</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;'abandon' requires one ingredient, but got '&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>to_string<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;'</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
     <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
   <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!scalar<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-    raise &lt;&lt; current_recipe_name<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;: first ingredient of 'abandon' should be an address, but got &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>original_string &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
+  reagent types = inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+  canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>types<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type || types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value != get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Type_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;address&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+    raise_error &lt;&lt; maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> r<span class="Delimiter">).</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;first ingredient of 'abandon' should be an address, but got &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>original_string &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
     <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
   <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+  <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Primitive Recipe Implementations&quot;)</span>
+case ABANDON: <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
   long long int address = ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-  reagent types = canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">));</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">()</span> || types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> != Type_ordinal[<span class="Constant">&quot;address&quot;</span>]<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-    raise &lt;&lt; current_recipe_name<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;: first ingredient of 'abandon' should be an address, but got &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>original_string &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
-    <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
-  reagent target_type = lookup_memory<span class="Delimiter">(</span>types<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-  abandon<span class="Delimiter">(</span>address<span class="Delimiter">,</span> size_of<span class="Delimiter">(</span>target_type<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
+  reagent types = current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+  canonize<span class="Delimiter">(</span>types<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+  <span class="Comment">// lookup_memory without drop_one_lookup {</span>
+  types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>set_value<span class="Delimiter">(</span>get_or_insert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Memory<span class="Delimiter">,</span> types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>value<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
+  drop_address_from_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>types<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+  <span class="Comment">// }</span>
+  abandon<span class="Delimiter">(</span>address<span class="Delimiter">,</span> size_of<span class="Delimiter">(</span>types<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
   <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 
@@ -276,26 +302,26 @@ void abandon<span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int address<span class="De
 <span class="CommentedCode">//?   cerr &lt;&lt; &quot;abandon: &quot; &lt;&lt; size &lt;&lt; '\n';</span>
   <span class="Comment">// clear memory</span>
   for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int curr = address<span class="Delimiter">;</span> curr &lt; address+size<span class="Delimiter">;</span> ++curr<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
-    Memory[curr] = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+    put<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Memory<span class="Delimiter">,</span> curr<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
   <span class="Comment">// append existing free list to address</span>
-  Memory[address] = Free_list[size]<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+  put<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Memory<span class="Delimiter">,</span> address<span class="Delimiter">,</span> Free_list[size]<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
   Free_list[size] = address<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 
-<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;ensure_space(size)&quot; following &quot;case NEW&quot;)</span>
+<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;ensure_space(size)&quot; following &quot;case ALLOCATE&quot;)</span>
 if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>Free_list[size]<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
   long long int result = Free_list[size]<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-  Free_list[size] = Memory[result]<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+  Free_list[size] = get_or_insert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Memory<span class="Delimiter">,</span> result<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
   for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int curr = result+<span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> curr &lt; result+size<span class="Delimiter">;</span> ++curr<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>Memory[curr] != <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-      raise &lt;&lt; current_recipe_name<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;: memory in free list was not zeroed out: &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; curr &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">'/'</span> &lt;&lt; result &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;; somebody wrote to us after free!!!</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
+    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>get_or_insert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Memory<span class="Delimiter">,</span> curr<span class="Delimiter">)</span> != <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+      raise_error &lt;&lt; maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_recipe_name<span class="Delimiter">())</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;memory in free list was not zeroed out: &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; curr &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">'/'</span> &lt;&lt; result &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;; somebody wrote to us after free!!!</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
       <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>  <span class="Comment">// always fatal</span>
     <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
   <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
   if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &gt; <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span>
-    Memory[result] = array_length<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+    put<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Memory<span class="Delimiter">,</span> result<span class="Delimiter">,</span> ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">));</span>
   else
-    Memory[result] = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+    put<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Memory<span class="Delimiter">,</span> result<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
   products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>resize<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
   products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>result<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
   <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
@@ -341,23 +367,16 @@ recipe main [
 <span class="Comment"># unicode for '«'</span>
 <span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 171 in location 3</span>
 
-<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End NEW Transform Special-cases&quot;)</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">()</span>
-      &amp;&amp; !inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">()</span>
-      &amp;&amp; !inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>second<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">()</span>
-      &amp;&amp; inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>second<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> == <span class="Constant">&quot;literal-string&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-    <span class="Comment">// skip transform</span>
-    inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>initialized = <span class="Constant">true</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-    <span class="Identifier">goto</span> end_new_transform<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
-
+<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End NEW Check Special-cases&quot;)</span>
+if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_literal_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)))</span> <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;Convert 'new' To 'allocate'&quot;)</span>
+if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name == <span class="Constant">&quot;new&quot;</span> &amp;&amp; is_literal_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)))</span> <span class="Identifier">continue</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">:(after &quot;case NEW&quot; following &quot;Primitive Recipe Implementations&quot;)</span>
-if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_literal<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">))</span>
-    &amp;&amp; current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>second<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> == <span class="Constant">&quot;literal-string&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-  products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>resize<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-  products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>new_mu_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>name<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
-  <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_literal_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+    products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>resize<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+    products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>new_mu_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_instruction<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>name<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
+    <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 
 <span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span>
 long long int new_mu_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const string&amp; contents<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
@@ -368,14 +387,14 @@ long long int new_mu_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const string&amp; con
   ensure_space<span class="Delimiter">(</span>string_length+<span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>  <span class="Comment">// don't forget the extra location for array size</span>
   <span class="Comment">// initialize string</span>
   long long int result = Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>alloc<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-  Memory[Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>alloc++] = string_length<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+  put<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Memory<span class="Delimiter">,</span> Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>alloc++<span class="Delimiter">,</span> string_length<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
   long long int curr = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
   const char* raw_contents = contents<span class="Delimiter">.</span>c_str<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
   for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; string_length<span class="Delimiter">;</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
     uint32_t curr_character<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
     assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>curr &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>contents<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
     tb_utf8_char_to_unicode<span class="Delimiter">(</span>&amp;curr_character<span class="Delimiter">,</span> &amp;raw_contents[curr]<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-    Memory[Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>alloc] = curr_character<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+    put<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Memory<span class="Delimiter">,</span> Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>alloc<span class="Delimiter">,</span> curr_character<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
     curr += tb_utf8_char_length<span class="Delimiter">(</span>raw_contents[curr]<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
     ++Current_routine<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>alloc<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
   <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
@@ -383,6 +402,17 @@ long long int new_mu_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const string&amp; con
   <span class="Identifier">return</span> result<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 
+<span class="Comment">//: pass in commandline args as ingredients to main</span>
+<span class="Comment">//: todo: test this</span>
+
+<span class="Delimiter">:(after &quot;Update main_routine&quot;)</span>
+Current_routine = main_routine<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; argc<span class="Delimiter">;</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+  vector&lt;double&gt; arg<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+  arg<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>new_mu_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>argv[i]<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
+  current_call<span class="Delimiter">().</span>ingredient_atoms<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>arg<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+
 <span class="Comment">//: stash recognizes strings</span>
 
 <span class="Delimiter">:(scenario stash_string)</span>
@@ -398,6 +428,13 @@ if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_mu_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r
   <span class="Identifier">return</span> read_mu_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>data<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">));</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 
+<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario unicode_string)</span>
+recipe main [
+  x:address:array:character<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>new [♠]
+  stash [foo:]<span class="Delimiter">,</span> x:address:array:character
+]
+<span class="traceContains">+app: foo: ♠</span>
+
 <span class="Comment">//: Allocate more to routine when initializing a literal string</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">:(scenario new_string_overflow)</span>
 <span class="Special">% Initial_memory_per_routine = 2;</span>
@@ -423,22 +460,30 @@ long long int unicode_length<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const string&amp; s<
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 
 bool is_mu_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const reagent&amp; x<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-  <span class="Identifier">return</span> SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">)</span> == <span class="Constant">3</span>
-      &amp;&amp; x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> == Type_ordinal[<span class="Constant">&quot;address&quot;</span>]
-      &amp;&amp; x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> == Type_ordinal[<span class="Constant">&quot;array&quot;</span>]
-      &amp;&amp; x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">2</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> == Type_ordinal[<span class="Constant">&quot;character&quot;</span>]<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+  <span class="Identifier">return</span> x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type
+    &amp;&amp; x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value == get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Type_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;address&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span>
+    &amp;&amp; x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>right
+    &amp;&amp; x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>right<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value == get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Type_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;array&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span>
+    &amp;&amp; x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>right<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>right
+    &amp;&amp; x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>right<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>right<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value == get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Type_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;character&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span>
+    &amp;&amp; x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>right<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>right<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>right == <span class="Constant">NULL</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 
 string read_mu_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int address<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-  long long int size = Memory[address]<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+  long long int size = get_or_insert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Memory<span class="Delimiter">,</span> address<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
   if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>size == <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
   ostringstream tmp<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
   for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int curr = address+<span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> curr &lt;= address+size<span class="Delimiter">;</span> ++curr<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-    <span class="Comment">// todo: unicode</span>
-    tmp &lt;&lt; <span class="Delimiter">(</span>char<span class="Delimiter">)(</span>int<span class="Delimiter">)</span>Memory[curr]<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+    tmp &lt;&lt; to_unicode<span class="Delimiter">(</span>static_cast&lt;uint32_t&gt;<span class="Delimiter">(</span>get_or_insert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Memory<span class="Delimiter">,</span> curr<span class="Delimiter">)));</span>
   <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
   <span class="Identifier">return</span> tmp<span class="Delimiter">.</span>str<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+
+bool is_mu_type_literal<span class="Delimiter">(</span>reagent r<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+<span class="CommentedCode">//?   if (!r.properties.empty())</span>
+<span class="CommentedCode">//?     dump_property(r.properties.at(0).second, cerr);</span>
+  <span class="Identifier">return</span> is_literal<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &amp;&amp; !r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &amp;&amp; r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>second &amp;&amp; r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>second<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value == <span class="Constant">&quot;type&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 </pre>
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