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authorKartik K. Agaram <vc@akkartik.com>2016-02-25 17:17:20 -0800
committerKartik K. Agaram <vc@akkartik.com>2016-02-25 17:17:20 -0800
commitdcc060c7d4ef56b978beb34ddce8d8ffcec94fa6 (patch)
tree7cbb9cd1d8544c7c6c65725fa195ca3821b04b07 /html/059shape_shifting_recipe.cc.html
parent0f5a2f4e21046e319ce0fadec32cc5e89d2f4620 (diff)
downloadmu-dcc060c7d4ef56b978beb34ddce8d8ffcec94fa6.tar.gz
2706 - update html
Diffstat (limited to 'html/059shape_shifting_recipe.cc.html')
-rw-r--r--html/059shape_shifting_recipe.cc.html483
1 files changed, 292 insertions, 191 deletions
diff --git a/html/059shape_shifting_recipe.cc.html b/html/059shape_shifting_recipe.cc.html
index 857bfca0..294f5e7e 100644
--- a/html/059shape_shifting_recipe.cc.html
+++ b/html/059shape_shifting_recipe.cc.html
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ body { font-family: monospace; color: #eeeeee; background-color: #080808; }
 .SalientComment { color: #00ffff; }
 .Identifier { color: #804000; }
 .Constant { color: #00a0a0; }
+.Todo { color: #000000; background-color: #ffff00; padding-bottom: 1px; }
 -->
 </style>
 
@@ -84,48 +85,42 @@ if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>contains_type_ingredient_name<span class="Del
 <span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Globals&quot;)</span>
 vector&lt;recipe_ordinal&gt; Recently_added_shape_shifting_recipes<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Setup&quot;)</span>
-<span class="CommentedCode">//? cerr &lt;&lt; &quot;setup: clearing recently-added shape-shifting recipes\n&quot;;</span>
 Recently_added_shape_shifting_recipes<span class="Delimiter">.</span>clear<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
 
 <span class="Comment">//: make sure we don't clear any of these recipes when we start running tests</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Loading .mu Files&quot;)</span>
 Recently_added_recipes<span class="Delimiter">.</span>clear<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
 Recently_added_types<span class="Delimiter">.</span>clear<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
-<span class="CommentedCode">//? cerr &lt;&lt; &quot;clearing recently-added shape-shifting recipes\n&quot;;</span>
 Recently_added_shape_shifting_recipes<span class="Delimiter">.</span>clear<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
 
 <span class="Comment">//: save original name of specialized recipes</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End recipe Fields&quot;)</span>
 string original_name<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
 <span class="Comment">//: original name is only set during load</span>
-<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End recipe Refinements&quot;)</span>
+<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Load Recipe Name&quot;)</span>
 result<span class="Delimiter">.</span>original_name = result<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
 
-<span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Instruction Dispatch(inst, best_score)&quot;)</span>
-if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>best_score == -<span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-  trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9992</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;no variant found; searching for variant with suitable type ingredients&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
-<span class="CommentedCode">//?   cerr &lt;&lt; &quot;no variant found for &quot; &lt;&lt; inst.name &lt;&lt; &quot;; searching for variant with suitable type ingredients&quot; &lt;&lt; '\n';</span>
-  recipe_ordinal exemplar = pick_matching_shape_shifting_variant<span class="Delimiter">(</span>variants<span class="Delimiter">,</span> inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> best_score<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>exemplar<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-<span class="CommentedCode">//?     cerr &lt;&lt; &quot;specializing &quot; &lt;&lt; inst.name &lt;&lt; '\n';</span>
-    trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9992</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;found variant to specialize: &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; exemplar &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">' '</span> &lt;&lt; get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> exemplar<span class="Delimiter">).</span>name &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
-    recipe_ordinal new_recipe_ordinal = new_variant<span class="Delimiter">(</span>exemplar<span class="Delimiter">,</span> inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> caller_recipe<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>new_recipe_ordinal == <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Identifier">goto</span> done_constructing_variant<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-    variants<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>new_recipe_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-    recipe&amp; variant = get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> new_recipe_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-    <span class="Comment">// perform all transforms on the new specialization</span>
-    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!variant<span class="Delimiter">.</span>steps<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">())</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-      trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9992</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;transforming new specialization: &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; variant<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
-      for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int t = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> t &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Transform<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++t<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-        <span class="Delimiter">(</span>*Transform<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>t<span class="Delimiter">))(</span>new_recipe_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-      <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+<span class="Delimiter">:(after &quot;Static Dispatch Phase 2&quot;)</span>
+candidates = strictly_matching_shape_shifting_variants<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> variants<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!candidates<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">())</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+  recipe_ordinal exemplar = best_shape_shifting_variant<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> candidates<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+  trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9992</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;found variant to specialize: &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; exemplar &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">' '</span> &lt;&lt; get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> exemplar<span class="Delimiter">).</span>name &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
+  recipe_ordinal new_recipe_ordinal = new_variant<span class="Delimiter">(</span>exemplar<span class="Delimiter">,</span> inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> caller_recipe<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>new_recipe_ordinal == <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Identifier">goto</span> skip_shape_shifting_variants<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+  variants<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>new_recipe_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">);</span>  <span class="Comment">// side-effect</span>
+  recipe&amp; variant = get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> new_recipe_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+  <span class="Comment">// perform all transforms on the new specialization</span>
+  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!variant<span class="Delimiter">.</span>steps<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">())</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+    trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9992</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;transforming new specialization: &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; variant<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
+    for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int t = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> t &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Transform<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++t<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+      <span class="Delimiter">(</span>*Transform<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>t<span class="Delimiter">))(</span>new_recipe_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
     <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
-    variant<span class="Delimiter">.</span>transformed_until = SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Transform<span class="Delimiter">)</span>-<span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-    inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name = variant<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-    trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9992</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;new specialization: &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
   <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
-  done_constructing_variant:<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+  variant<span class="Delimiter">.</span>transformed_until = SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Transform<span class="Delimiter">)</span>-<span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+  trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9992</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;new specialization: &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; variant<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
+  <span class="Identifier">return</span> variant<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+skip_shape_shifting_variants:<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
 
 <span class="Comment">//: make sure we have no unspecialized shape-shifting recipes being called</span>
 <span class="Comment">//: before running mu programs</span>
@@ -138,82 +133,70 @@ if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>contains_key<span class="Delimiter">(</span>R
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 
 <span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span>
-string header<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const recipe&amp; caller<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>has_header<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-  ostringstream out<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-  out &lt;&lt; caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>i &gt; <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> out &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">','</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-    out &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">' '</span> &lt;&lt; debug_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
-  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">())</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-    out &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; -&gt;&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-    for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-      if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>i &gt; <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> out &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">','</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-      out &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">' '</span> &lt;&lt; debug_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
-    <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
-  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
-  out &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;: &quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-  <span class="Identifier">return</span> out<span class="Delimiter">.</span>str<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
-<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
-
-recipe_ordinal pick_matching_shape_shifting_variant<span class="Delimiter">(</span>vector&lt;recipe_ordinal&gt;&amp; variants<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const instruction&amp; inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> long long int&amp; best_score<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-<span class="CommentedCode">//?   cerr &lt;&lt; &quot;---- &quot; &lt;&lt; inst.name &lt;&lt; &quot;: &quot; &lt;&lt; non_ghost_size(variants) &lt;&lt; '\n';</span>
-  recipe_ordinal result = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+<span class="Comment">// phase 2 of static dispatch</span>
+vector&lt;recipe_ordinal&gt; strictly_matching_shape_shifting_variants<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const instruction&amp; inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> vector&lt;recipe_ordinal&gt;&amp; variants<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+  vector&lt;recipe_ordinal&gt; result<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
   for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>variants<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>variants<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> == -<span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Identifier">continue</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>  <span class="Comment">// ghost from a previous test</span>
-<span class="CommentedCode">//?     cerr &lt;&lt; &quot;-- variant &quot; &lt;&lt; i &lt;&lt; &quot;\n&quot; &lt;&lt; debug_string(get(Recipe, variants.at(i)));</span>
-    trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9992</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;checking shape-shifting variant &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; i &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
-    long long int current_score = shape_shifting_variant_score<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> variants<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
-    trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9992</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;final score: &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_score &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
-<span class="CommentedCode">//?     cerr &lt;&lt; get(Recipe, variants.at(i)).name &lt;&lt; &quot;: &quot; &lt;&lt; current_score &lt;&lt; '\n';</span>
-    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_score &gt; best_score<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-      trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9992</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;matches&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
-      result = variants<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-      best_score = current_score<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-    <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>variants<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> == -<span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Identifier">continue</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!any_type_ingredient_in_header<span class="Delimiter">(</span>variants<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">)))</span> <span class="Identifier">continue</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>all_concrete_header_reagents_strictly_match<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> variants<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">))))</span>
+      result<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>variants<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
   <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
   <span class="Identifier">return</span> result<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 
-long long int shape_shifting_variant_score<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const instruction&amp; inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> recipe_ordinal variant<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-<span class="CommentedCode">//?   cerr &lt;&lt; &quot;======== &quot; &lt;&lt; inst.to_string() &lt;&lt; '\n';</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!any_type_ingredient_in_header<span class="Delimiter">(</span>variant<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-    trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9993</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;no type ingredients&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
-<span class="CommentedCode">//?     cerr &lt;&lt; &quot;no type ingredients\n&quot;;</span>
-    <span class="Identifier">return</span> -<span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
-  const vector&lt;reagent&gt;&amp; header_ingredients = get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> variant<span class="Delimiter">).</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>header_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+bool all_concrete_header_reagents_strictly_match<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const instruction&amp; inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const recipe&amp; variant<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>variant<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
     trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9993</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;too few ingredients&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
-<span class="CommentedCode">//?     cerr &lt;&lt; &quot;too few ingredients\n&quot;;</span>
-    <span class="Identifier">return</span> -<span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
-  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>header_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!deeply_equal_concrete_types<span class="Delimiter">(</span>header_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">),</span> inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">)))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-      trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9993</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;mismatch: ingredient &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; i &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
-<span class="CommentedCode">//?       cerr &lt;&lt; &quot;mismatch: ingredient &quot; &lt;&lt; i &lt;&lt; &quot;: &quot; &lt;&lt; debug_string(header_ingredients.at(i)) &lt;&lt; &quot; vs &quot; &lt;&lt; debug_string(inst.ingredients.at(i)) &lt;&lt; '\n';</span>
-      <span class="Identifier">return</span> -<span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-    <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+    <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
   <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &gt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> variant<span class="Delimiter">).</span>products<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>variant<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
     trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9993</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;too few products&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
-<span class="CommentedCode">//?     cerr &lt;&lt; &quot;too few products\n&quot;;</span>
-    <span class="Identifier">return</span> -<span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+    <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>variant<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!concrete_type_names_strictly_match<span class="Delimiter">(</span>variant<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">),</span> inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">)))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+      trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9993</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;concrete-type match failed: ingredient &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; i &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
+      <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+    <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
   <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
-  const vector&lt;reagent&gt;&amp; header_products = get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> variant<span class="Delimiter">).</span>products<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
   for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
     if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_dummy<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">)))</span> <span class="Identifier">continue</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!deeply_equal_concrete_types<span class="Delimiter">(</span>header_products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">),</span> inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">)))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-      trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9993</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;mismatch: product &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; i &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
-<span class="CommentedCode">//?       cerr &lt;&lt; &quot;mismatch: product &quot; &lt;&lt; i &lt;&lt; '\n';</span>
-      <span class="Identifier">return</span> -<span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!concrete_type_names_strictly_match<span class="Delimiter">(</span>variant<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">),</span> inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">)))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+      trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9993</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;strict match failed: product &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; i &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
+      <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+    <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+  <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">true</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+
+<span class="Comment">// tie-breaker for phase 2</span>
+recipe_ordinal best_shape_shifting_variant<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const instruction&amp; inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> vector&lt;recipe_ordinal&gt;&amp; candidates<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+  assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>!candidates<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">());</span>
+  <span class="Comment">// primary score</span>
+  long long int max_score = -<span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>candidates<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+    long long int score = number_of_concrete_type_names<span class="Delimiter">(</span>candidates<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
+    assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>score &gt; -<span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>score &gt; max_score<span class="Delimiter">)</span> max_score = score<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+  <span class="Comment">// break any ties at max_score by a secondary score</span>
+  long long int min_score2 = <span class="Constant">999</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+  long long int best_index = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>candidates<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+    long long int score1 = number_of_concrete_type_names<span class="Delimiter">(</span>candidates<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
+    assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>score1 &lt;= max_score<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>score1 != max_score<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Identifier">continue</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+    const recipe&amp; candidate = get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> candidates<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
+    long long int score2 = <span class="Delimiter">(</span>SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>candidate<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">)</span>-SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">))</span>
+                           + <span class="Delimiter">(</span>SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">)</span>-SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>candidate<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
+    assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>score2 &lt; <span class="Constant">999</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>score2 &lt; min_score2<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+      min_score2 = score2<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+      best_index = i<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
     <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
   <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
-  <span class="Comment">// the greater the number of unused ingredients, the lower the score</span>
-  <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">100</span> - <span class="Delimiter">(</span>SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> variant<span class="Delimiter">).</span>products<span class="Delimiter">)</span>-SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">))</span>
-             - <span class="Delimiter">(</span>SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">)</span>-SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> variant<span class="Delimiter">).</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">))</span>  <span class="Comment">// ok to go negative</span>
-             + number_of_concrete_types<span class="Delimiter">(</span>variant<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+  <span class="Identifier">return</span> candidates<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>best_index<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 
 bool any_type_ingredient_in_header<span class="Delimiter">(</span>recipe_ordinal variant<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
@@ -229,73 +212,67 @@ bool any_type_ingredient_in_header<span class="Delimiter">(</span>recipe_ordinal
   <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 
-bool deeply_equal_concrete_types<span class="Delimiter">(</span>reagent to<span class="Delimiter">,</span> reagent from<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+bool concrete_type_names_strictly_match<span class="Delimiter">(</span>reagent to<span class="Delimiter">,</span> reagent from<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
   canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>to<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
   canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>from<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-  <span class="Identifier">return</span> deeply_equal_concrete_types<span class="Delimiter">(</span>to<span class="Delimiter">.</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>second<span class="Delimiter">,</span> from<span class="Delimiter">.</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>second<span class="Delimiter">,</span> from<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+  <span class="Identifier">return</span> concrete_type_names_strictly_match<span class="Delimiter">(</span>to<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">,</span> from<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">,</span> from<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 
-long long int number_of_concrete_types<span class="Delimiter">(</span>recipe_ordinal r<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+long long int number_of_concrete_type_names<span class="Delimiter">(</span>recipe_ordinal r<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
   const recipe&amp; caller = get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> r<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
   long long int result = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
   for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
-    result += number_of_concrete_types<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
+    result += number_of_concrete_type_names<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
   for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
-    result += number_of_concrete_types<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
+    result += number_of_concrete_type_names<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
   <span class="Identifier">return</span> result<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 
-long long int number_of_concrete_types<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const reagent&amp; r<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-  <span class="Identifier">return</span> number_of_concrete_types<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>second<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+long long int number_of_concrete_type_names<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const reagent&amp; r<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+  <span class="Identifier">return</span> number_of_concrete_type_names<span class="Delimiter">(</span>r<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 
-long long int number_of_concrete_types<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const string_tree* type<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+long long int number_of_concrete_type_names<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const type_tree* type<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
   if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!type<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
   long long int result = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &amp;&amp; !is_type_ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">(</span>type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value<span class="Delimiter">))</span>
+  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &amp;&amp; !is_type_ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">(</span>type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name<span class="Delimiter">))</span>
     result++<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-  result += number_of_concrete_types<span class="Delimiter">(</span>type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>left<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-  result += number_of_concrete_types<span class="Delimiter">(</span>type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>right<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+  result += number_of_concrete_type_names<span class="Delimiter">(</span>type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>left<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+  result += number_of_concrete_type_names<span class="Delimiter">(</span>type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>right<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
   <span class="Identifier">return</span> result<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 
-bool deeply_equal_concrete_types<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const string_tree* to<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const string_tree* from<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const reagent&amp; rhs_reagent<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+bool concrete_type_names_strictly_match<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const type_tree* to<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const type_tree* from<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const reagent&amp; rhs_reagent<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
   if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!to<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> !from<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
   if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!from<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> !to<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_type_ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">(</span>to<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">true</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>  <span class="Comment">// type ingredient matches anything</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>to<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value == <span class="Constant">&quot;literal&quot;</span> &amp;&amp; from<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value == <span class="Constant">&quot;literal&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span>
+  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_type_ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">(</span>to<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">true</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>  <span class="Comment">// type ingredient matches anything</span>
+  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>to<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name == <span class="Constant">&quot;literal&quot;</span> &amp;&amp; from<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name == <span class="Constant">&quot;literal&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span>
     <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">true</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>to<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value == <span class="Constant">&quot;literal&quot;</span>
-      &amp;&amp; Literal_type_names<span class="Delimiter">.</span>find<span class="Delimiter">(</span>from<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value<span class="Delimiter">)</span> != Literal_type_names<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">())</span>
+  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>to<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name == <span class="Constant">&quot;literal&quot;</span>
+      &amp;&amp; Literal_type_names<span class="Delimiter">.</span>find<span class="Delimiter">(</span>from<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> != Literal_type_names<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">())</span>
     <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">true</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>from<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value == <span class="Constant">&quot;literal&quot;</span>
-      &amp;&amp; Literal_type_names<span class="Delimiter">.</span>find<span class="Delimiter">(</span>to<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value<span class="Delimiter">)</span> != Literal_type_names<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">())</span>
+  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>from<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name == <span class="Constant">&quot;literal&quot;</span>
+      &amp;&amp; Literal_type_names<span class="Delimiter">.</span>find<span class="Delimiter">(</span>to<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> != Literal_type_names<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">())</span>
     <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">true</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>from<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value == <span class="Constant">&quot;literal&quot;</span> &amp;&amp; to<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value == <span class="Constant">&quot;address&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span>
+  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>from<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name == <span class="Constant">&quot;literal&quot;</span> &amp;&amp; to<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name == <span class="Constant">&quot;address&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span>
     <span class="Identifier">return</span> rhs_reagent<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name == <span class="Constant">&quot;0&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-<span class="CommentedCode">//?   cerr &lt;&lt; to-&gt;value &lt;&lt; &quot; vs &quot; &lt;&lt; from-&gt;value &lt;&lt; '\n';</span>
-  <span class="Identifier">return</span> to<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value == from<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value
-      &amp;&amp; deeply_equal_concrete_types<span class="Delimiter">(</span>to<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>left<span class="Delimiter">,</span> from<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>left<span class="Delimiter">,</span> rhs_reagent<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
-      &amp;&amp; deeply_equal_concrete_types<span class="Delimiter">(</span>to<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>right<span class="Delimiter">,</span> from<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>right<span class="Delimiter">,</span> rhs_reagent<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+  <span class="Identifier">return</span> to<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name == from<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name
+      &amp;&amp; concrete_type_names_strictly_match<span class="Delimiter">(</span>to<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>left<span class="Delimiter">,</span> from<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>left<span class="Delimiter">,</span> rhs_reagent<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
+      &amp;&amp; concrete_type_names_strictly_match<span class="Delimiter">(</span>to<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>right<span class="Delimiter">,</span> from<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>right<span class="Delimiter">,</span> rhs_reagent<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 
 bool contains_type_ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const reagent&amp; x<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-  <span class="Identifier">return</span> contains_type_ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>second<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+  <span class="Identifier">return</span> contains_type_ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 
-bool contains_type_ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const string_tree* type<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+bool contains_type_ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const type_tree* type<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
   if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!type<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_type_ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">(</span>type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">true</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_type_ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">(</span>type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">true</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
   <span class="Identifier">return</span> contains_type_ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">(</span>type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>left<span class="Delimiter">)</span> || contains_type_ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">(</span>type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>right<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 
-bool is_type_ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const string&amp; type<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-  <span class="Identifier">return</span> !type<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &amp;&amp; type<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> == <span class="Constant">'_'</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
-
 recipe_ordinal new_variant<span class="Delimiter">(</span>recipe_ordinal exemplar<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const instruction&amp; inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const recipe&amp; caller_recipe<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
   string new_name = next_unused_recipe_name<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-  trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9993</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;switching &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; to &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; new_name &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
   assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>!contains_key<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">,</span> new_name<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
   recipe_ordinal new_recipe_ordinal = put<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">,</span> new_name<span class="Delimiter">,</span> Next_recipe_ordinal++<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
   <span class="Comment">// make a copy</span>
@@ -306,16 +283,17 @@ recipe_ordinal new_variant<span class="Delimiter">(</span>recipe_ordinal exempla
   put<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> new_recipe_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">,</span> get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> exemplar<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
   recipe&amp; new_recipe = get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> new_recipe_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
   new_recipe<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name = new_name<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+  trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9993</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;switching &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; to specialized &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; header_label<span class="Delimiter">(</span>new_recipe_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
   <span class="Comment">// Since the exemplar never ran any transforms, we have to redo some of the</span>
   <span class="Comment">// work of the check_types_by_name transform while supporting type-ingredients.</span>
   compute_type_names<span class="Delimiter">(</span>new_recipe<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
   <span class="Comment">// that gives enough information to replace type-ingredients with concrete types</span>
   <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-    map&lt;string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const string_tree*&gt; mappings<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+    map&lt;string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const type_tree*&gt; mappings<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
     bool error = <span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
     compute_type_ingredient_mappings<span class="Delimiter">(</span>get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> exemplar<span class="Delimiter">),</span> inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> mappings<span class="Delimiter">,</span> caller_recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> &amp;error<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
     if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!error<span class="Delimiter">)</span> replace_type_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">(</span>new_recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> mappings<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-    for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>map&lt;string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const string_tree*&gt;::iterator p = mappings<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">();</span> p != mappings<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> ++p<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
+    for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>map&lt;string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const type_tree*&gt;::iterator p = mappings<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">();</span> p != mappings<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> ++p<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
       delete p<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>second<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
     if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>error<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>  <span class="Comment">// todo: delete new_recipe_ordinal from Recipes and other global state</span>
   <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
@@ -325,14 +303,14 @@ recipe_ordinal new_variant<span class="Delimiter">(</span>recipe_ordinal exempla
 
 void compute_type_names<span class="Delimiter">(</span>recipe&amp; variant<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
   trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9993</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;compute type names: &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; variant<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
-  map&lt;string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> string_tree*&gt; type_names<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+  map&lt;string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> type_tree*&gt; type_names<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
   for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>variant<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
     save_or_deduce_type_name<span class="Delimiter">(</span>variant<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">),</span> type_names<span class="Delimiter">,</span> variant<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
   for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>variant<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
     save_or_deduce_type_name<span class="Delimiter">(</span>variant<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">),</span> type_names<span class="Delimiter">,</span> variant<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
   for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>variant<span class="Delimiter">.</span>steps<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
     instruction&amp; inst = variant<span class="Delimiter">.</span>steps<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-    trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9993</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;  instruction: &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>to_string<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
+    trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9993</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;  instruction: &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; to_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
     for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int in = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> in &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++in<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
       save_or_deduce_type_name<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>in<span class="Delimiter">),</span> type_names<span class="Delimiter">,</span> variant<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
     for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int out = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> out &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++out<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
@@ -340,29 +318,28 @@ void compute_type_names<span class="Delimiter">(</span>recipe&amp; variant<span
   <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 
-void save_or_deduce_type_name<span class="Delimiter">(</span>reagent&amp; x<span class="Delimiter">,</span> map&lt;string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> string_tree*&gt;&amp; type_name<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const recipe&amp; variant<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-  trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9994</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;    checking &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>to_string<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;: &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; debug_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>second<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>second &amp;&amp; contains_key<span class="Delimiter">(</span>type_name<span class="Delimiter">,</span> x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-    x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>second = new string_tree<span class="Delimiter">(</span>*get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>type_name<span class="Delimiter">,</span> x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
-    trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9994</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;    deducing type to &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; debug_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>second<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
+void save_or_deduce_type_name<span class="Delimiter">(</span>reagent&amp; x<span class="Delimiter">,</span> map&lt;string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> type_tree*&gt;&amp; type<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const recipe&amp; variant<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+  trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9994</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;    checking &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; to_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;: &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; names_to_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
+  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type &amp;&amp; contains_key<span class="Delimiter">(</span>type<span class="Delimiter">,</span> x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+    x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type = new type_tree<span class="Delimiter">(</span>*get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>type<span class="Delimiter">,</span> x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">));</span> <span class="Comment">//</span><span class="Todo">TODO</span>
+    trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9994</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;    deducing type to &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; names_to_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
     <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
   <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>second<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
     raise_error &lt;&lt; maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>variant<span class="Delimiter">.</span>original_name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;unknown type for &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>original_string &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; (check the name for typos)</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
     <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
   <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>contains_key<span class="Delimiter">(</span>type_name<span class="Delimiter">,</span> x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>second<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value == <span class="Constant">&quot;offset&quot;</span> || x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>second<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value == <span class="Constant">&quot;variant&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>  <span class="Comment">// special-case for container-access instructions</span>
-  put<span class="Delimiter">(</span>type_name<span class="Delimiter">,</span> x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">,</span> x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>second<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-  trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9993</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;type of &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; is &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; debug_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>second<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
+  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>contains_key<span class="Delimiter">(</span>type<span class="Delimiter">,</span> x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name == <span class="Constant">&quot;offset&quot;</span> || x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name == <span class="Constant">&quot;variant&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>  <span class="Comment">// special-case for container-access instructions</span>
+  put<span class="Delimiter">(</span>type<span class="Delimiter">,</span> x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">,</span> x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+  trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9993</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;type of &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; is &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; names_to_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 
-void compute_type_ingredient_mappings<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const recipe&amp; exemplar<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const instruction&amp; inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> map&lt;string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const string_tree*&gt;&amp; mappings<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const recipe&amp; caller_recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> bool* error<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+void compute_type_ingredient_mappings<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const recipe&amp; exemplar<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const instruction&amp; inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> map&lt;string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const type_tree*&gt;&amp; mappings<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const recipe&amp; caller_recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> bool* error<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
   long long int limit = min<span class="Delimiter">(</span>SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">),</span> SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>exemplar<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
   for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; limit<span class="Delimiter">;</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
     const reagent&amp; exemplar_reagent = exemplar<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
     reagent ingredient = inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-    assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredient<span class="Delimiter">.</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>second<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
     canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredient<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
     if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_mu_address<span class="Delimiter">(</span>exemplar_reagent<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &amp;&amp; ingredient<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name == <span class="Constant">&quot;0&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Identifier">continue</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>  <span class="Comment">// assume it matches</span>
     accumulate_type_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">(</span>exemplar_reagent<span class="Delimiter">,</span> ingredient<span class="Delimiter">,</span> mappings<span class="Delimiter">,</span> exemplar<span class="Delimiter">,</span> inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> caller_recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> error<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
@@ -371,7 +348,6 @@ void compute_type_ingredient_mappings<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const recip
   for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; limit<span class="Delimiter">;</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
     const reagent&amp; exemplar_reagent = exemplar<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
     reagent product = inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-    assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>product<span class="Delimiter">.</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>second<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
     canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>product<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
     accumulate_type_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">(</span>exemplar_reagent<span class="Delimiter">,</span> product<span class="Delimiter">,</span> mappings<span class="Delimiter">,</span> exemplar<span class="Delimiter">,</span> inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> caller_recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> error<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
   <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
@@ -381,39 +357,33 @@ inline long long int min<span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int a<span cla
   <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>a &lt; b<span class="Delimiter">)</span> ? a : b<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 
-void accumulate_type_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const reagent&amp; exemplar_reagent<span class="Delimiter">,</span> reagent&amp; refinement<span class="Delimiter">,</span> map&lt;string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const string_tree*&gt;&amp; mappings<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const recipe&amp; exemplar<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const instruction&amp; call_instruction<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const recipe&amp; caller_recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> bool* error<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-  assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>refinement<span class="Delimiter">.</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>second<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-  accumulate_type_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">(</span>exemplar_reagent<span class="Delimiter">.</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>second<span class="Delimiter">,</span> refinement<span class="Delimiter">.</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>second<span class="Delimiter">,</span> mappings<span class="Delimiter">,</span> exemplar<span class="Delimiter">,</span> exemplar_reagent<span class="Delimiter">,</span> call_instruction<span class="Delimiter">,</span> caller_recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> error<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+void accumulate_type_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const reagent&amp; exemplar_reagent<span class="Delimiter">,</span> reagent&amp; refinement<span class="Delimiter">,</span> map&lt;string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const type_tree*&gt;&amp; mappings<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const recipe&amp; exemplar<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const instruction&amp; call_instruction<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const recipe&amp; caller_recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> bool* error<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+  assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>refinement<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+  accumulate_type_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">(</span>exemplar_reagent<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">,</span> refinement<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">,</span> mappings<span class="Delimiter">,</span> exemplar<span class="Delimiter">,</span> exemplar_reagent<span class="Delimiter">,</span> call_instruction<span class="Delimiter">,</span> caller_recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> error<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 
-void accumulate_type_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const string_tree* exemplar_type<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const string_tree* refinement_type<span class="Delimiter">,</span> map&lt;string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const string_tree*&gt;&amp; mappings<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const recipe&amp; exemplar<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const reagent&amp; exemplar_reagent<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const instruction&amp; call_instruction<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const recipe&amp; caller_recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> bool* error<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+void accumulate_type_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const type_tree* exemplar_type<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const type_tree* refinement_type<span class="Delimiter">,</span> map&lt;string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const type_tree*&gt;&amp; mappings<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const recipe&amp; exemplar<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const reagent&amp; exemplar_reagent<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const instruction&amp; call_instruction<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const recipe&amp; caller_recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> bool* error<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
   if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!exemplar_type<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
   if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!refinement_type<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-    <span class="Comment">// todo: make this smarter; only warn if exemplar_type contains some *new* type ingredient</span>
+    <span class="Comment">// todo: make this smarter; only flag an error if exemplar_type contains some *new* type ingredient</span>
     raise_error &lt;&lt; maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>exemplar<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;missing type ingredient in &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; exemplar_reagent<span class="Delimiter">.</span>original_string &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
     <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
   <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!exemplar_type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &amp;&amp; exemplar_type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> == <span class="Constant">'_'</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-    assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>!refinement_type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">());</span>
-    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>exemplar_type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>right<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-      raise_error &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;type_ingredients in non-last position not currently supported</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
-      <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-    <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
-    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!contains_key<span class="Delimiter">(</span>mappings<span class="Delimiter">,</span> exemplar_type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-      trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9993</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;adding mapping from &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; exemplar_type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; to &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; debug_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>refinement_type<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
-      put<span class="Delimiter">(</span>mappings<span class="Delimiter">,</span> exemplar_type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value<span class="Delimiter">,</span> new string_tree<span class="Delimiter">(</span>*refinement_type<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
+  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_type_ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">(</span>exemplar_type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+    assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>!refinement_type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">());</span>
+    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!contains_key<span class="Delimiter">(</span>mappings<span class="Delimiter">,</span> exemplar_type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+      trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9993</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;adding mapping from &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; exemplar_type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; to &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; to_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>refinement_type<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
+      put<span class="Delimiter">(</span>mappings<span class="Delimiter">,</span> exemplar_type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name<span class="Delimiter">,</span> new type_tree<span class="Delimiter">(</span>*refinement_type<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
     <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
     else <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-      if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!deeply_equal_types<span class="Delimiter">(</span>get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>mappings<span class="Delimiter">,</span> exemplar_type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value<span class="Delimiter">),</span> refinement_type<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-        raise_error &lt;&lt; maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller_recipe<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;no call found for '&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; call_instruction<span class="Delimiter">.</span>to_string<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;'</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
-<span class="CommentedCode">//?         cerr &lt;&lt; exemplar_type-&gt;value &lt;&lt; &quot;: &quot; &lt;&lt; debug_string(get(mappings, exemplar_type-&gt;value)) &lt;&lt; &quot; vs &quot; &lt;&lt; debug_string(refinement_type) &lt;&lt; '\n';</span>
+      if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!deeply_equal_type_names<span class="Delimiter">(</span>get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>mappings<span class="Delimiter">,</span> exemplar_type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name<span class="Delimiter">),</span> refinement_type<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+        raise_error &lt;&lt; maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller_recipe<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;no call found for '&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; to_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>call_instruction<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;'</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
         *error = <span class="Constant">true</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
         <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
       <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
-<span class="CommentedCode">//?       cerr &lt;&lt; exemplar_type-&gt;value &lt;&lt; &quot;: &quot; &lt;&lt; debug_string(get(mappings, exemplar_type-&gt;value)) &lt;&lt; &quot; &lt;= &quot; &lt;&lt; debug_string(refinement_type) &lt;&lt; '\n';</span>
-      if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>mappings<span class="Delimiter">,</span> exemplar_type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value<span class="Delimiter">)-&gt;</span>value == <span class="Constant">&quot;literal&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-        delete get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>mappings<span class="Delimiter">,</span> exemplar_type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-        put<span class="Delimiter">(</span>mappings<span class="Delimiter">,</span> exemplar_type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value<span class="Delimiter">,</span> new string_tree<span class="Delimiter">(</span>*refinement_type<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
+      if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>mappings<span class="Delimiter">,</span> exemplar_type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)-&gt;</span>name == <span class="Constant">&quot;literal&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+        delete get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>mappings<span class="Delimiter">,</span> exemplar_type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+        put<span class="Delimiter">(</span>mappings<span class="Delimiter">,</span> exemplar_type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name<span class="Delimiter">,</span> new type_tree<span class="Delimiter">(</span>*refinement_type<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
       <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
     <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
   <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
@@ -423,7 +393,7 @@ void accumulate_type_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const string_tre
   accumulate_type_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">(</span>exemplar_type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>right<span class="Delimiter">,</span> refinement_type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>right<span class="Delimiter">,</span> mappings<span class="Delimiter">,</span> exemplar<span class="Delimiter">,</span> exemplar_reagent<span class="Delimiter">,</span> call_instruction<span class="Delimiter">,</span> caller_recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> error<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 
-void replace_type_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">(</span>recipe&amp; new_recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const map&lt;string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const string_tree*&gt;&amp; mappings<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+void replace_type_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">(</span>recipe&amp; new_recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const map&lt;string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const type_tree*&gt;&amp; mappings<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
   <span class="Comment">// update its header</span>
   if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>mappings<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">())</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
   trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9993</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;replacing in recipe header ingredients&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
@@ -435,52 +405,118 @@ void replace_type_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">(</span>recipe&amp; new_rec
   <span class="Comment">// update its body</span>
   for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>new_recipe<span class="Delimiter">.</span>steps<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
     instruction&amp; inst = new_recipe<span class="Delimiter">.</span>steps<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-    trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9993</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;replacing in instruction '&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>to_string<span class="Delimiter">()</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;'&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
+    trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9993</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;replacing in instruction '&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; to_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;'&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
     for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int j = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> j &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++j<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
       replace_type_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>j<span class="Delimiter">),</span> mappings<span class="Delimiter">,</span> new_recipe<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
     for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int j = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> j &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++j<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
       replace_type_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>j<span class="Delimiter">),</span> mappings<span class="Delimiter">,</span> new_recipe<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
     <span class="Comment">// special-case for new: replace type ingredient in first ingredient *value*</span>
-    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name == <span class="Constant">&quot;new&quot;</span> &amp;&amp; inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>second<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value != <span class="Constant">&quot;literal-string&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-      string_tree* type_name = parse_string_tree<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>name<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-      replace_type_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">(</span>type_name<span class="Delimiter">,</span> mappings<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-      inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>name = type_name<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>to_string<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
-      delete type_name<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name == <span class="Constant">&quot;new&quot;</span> &amp;&amp; inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name != <span class="Constant">&quot;literal-string&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+      type_tree* type = parse_type_tree<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>name<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+      replace_type_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">(</span>type<span class="Delimiter">,</span> mappings<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+      inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>name = inspect<span class="Delimiter">(</span>type<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+      delete type<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
     <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
   <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 
-void replace_type_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">(</span>reagent&amp; x<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const map&lt;string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const string_tree*&gt;&amp; mappings<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const recipe&amp; caller<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+void replace_type_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">(</span>reagent&amp; x<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const map&lt;string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const type_tree*&gt;&amp; mappings<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const recipe&amp; caller<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+  string before = to_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
   trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9993</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;replacing in ingredient &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>original_string &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
-  <span class="Comment">// replace properties</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>second<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
     raise_error &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;specializing &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>original_name &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;: missing type for &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>original_string &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
     <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
   <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
-  replace_type_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>second<span class="Delimiter">,</span> mappings<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-  <span class="Comment">// refresh types from properties</span>
-  delete x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-  x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type = new_type_tree<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>properties<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">).</span>second<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
-    trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9993</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;  after: &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; debug_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
+  replace_type_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">,</span> mappings<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 
-void replace_type_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">(</span>string_tree* type<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const map&lt;string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const string_tree*&gt;&amp; mappings<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+void replace_type_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">(</span>type_tree* type<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const map&lt;string<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const type_tree*&gt;&amp; mappings<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
   if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!type<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_type_ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">(</span>type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &amp;&amp; contains_key<span class="Delimiter">(</span>mappings<span class="Delimiter">,</span> type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-    const string_tree* replacement = get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>mappings<span class="Delimiter">,</span> type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-    trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9993</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; =&gt; &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; debug_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>replacement<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
-    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>replacement<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value == <span class="Constant">&quot;literal&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span>
-      type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value = <span class="Constant">&quot;number&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-    else
+  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>contains_key<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Type_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">,</span> type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name<span class="Delimiter">))</span>  <span class="Comment">// todo: ugly side effect</span>
+    type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value = get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Type_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">,</span> type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_type_ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">(</span>type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &amp;&amp; contains_key<span class="Delimiter">(</span>mappings<span class="Delimiter">,</span> type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+    const type_tree* replacement = get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>mappings<span class="Delimiter">,</span> type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+    trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9993</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; =&gt; &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; names_to_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>replacement<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
+    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>replacement<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name == <span class="Constant">&quot;literal&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+      type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name = <span class="Constant">&quot;number&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+      type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value = get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Type_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;number&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+    <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+    else <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+      type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name = replacement<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
       type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value = replacement<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>replacement<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>left<span class="Delimiter">)</span> type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>left = new string_tree<span class="Delimiter">(</span>*replacement<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>left<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>replacement<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>right<span class="Delimiter">)</span> type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>right = new string_tree<span class="Delimiter">(</span>*replacement<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>right<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+    <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>replacement<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>left<span class="Delimiter">)</span> type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>left = new type_tree<span class="Delimiter">(</span>*replacement<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>left<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>replacement<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>right<span class="Delimiter">)</span> type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>right = new type_tree<span class="Delimiter">(</span>*replacement<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>right<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
   <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
   replace_type_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">(</span>type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>left<span class="Delimiter">,</span> mappings<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
   replace_type_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">(</span>type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>right<span class="Delimiter">,</span> mappings<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 
+type_tree* parse_type_tree<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const string&amp; s<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+  istringstream in<span class="Delimiter">(</span>s<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+  in &gt;&gt; std::noskipws<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+  <span class="Identifier">return</span> parse_type_tree<span class="Delimiter">(</span>in<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+
+type_tree* parse_type_tree<span class="Delimiter">(</span>istream&amp; in<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+  skip_whitespace_but_not_newline<span class="Delimiter">(</span>in<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!has_data<span class="Delimiter">(</span>in<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">NULL</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>in<span class="Delimiter">.</span>peek<span class="Delimiter">()</span> == <span class="Constant">')'</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+    in<span class="Delimiter">.</span>get<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
+    <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">NULL</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>in<span class="Delimiter">.</span>peek<span class="Delimiter">()</span> != <span class="Constant">'('</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+    string type_name = next_word<span class="Delimiter">(</span>in<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!contains_key<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Type_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">,</span> type_name<span class="Delimiter">))</span>
+      put<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Type_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">,</span> type_name<span class="Delimiter">,</span> Next_type_ordinal++<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+    type_tree* result = new type_tree<span class="Delimiter">(</span>type_name<span class="Delimiter">,</span> get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Type_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">,</span> type_name<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
+    <span class="Identifier">return</span> result<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+  in<span class="Delimiter">.</span>get<span class="Delimiter">();</span>  <span class="Comment">// skip '('</span>
+  type_tree* result = <span class="Constant">NULL</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+  type_tree** curr = &amp;result<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+  while <span class="Delimiter">(</span>in<span class="Delimiter">.</span>peek<span class="Delimiter">()</span> != <span class="Constant">')'</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+    assert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>has_data<span class="Delimiter">(</span>in<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
+    *curr = new type_tree<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+    skip_whitespace_but_not_newline<span class="Delimiter">(</span>in<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>in<span class="Delimiter">.</span>peek<span class="Delimiter">()</span> == <span class="Constant">'('</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span>
+      <span class="Delimiter">(</span>*curr<span class="Delimiter">)-&gt;</span>left = parse_type_tree<span class="Delimiter">(</span>in<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+    else <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+      <span class="Delimiter">(</span>*curr<span class="Delimiter">)-&gt;</span>name = next_word<span class="Delimiter">(</span>in<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+      if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!is_type_ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">((</span>*curr<span class="Delimiter">)-&gt;</span>name<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+        if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!contains_key<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Type_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>*curr<span class="Delimiter">)-&gt;</span>name<span class="Delimiter">))</span>
+          put<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Type_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>*curr<span class="Delimiter">)-&gt;</span>name<span class="Delimiter">,</span> Next_type_ordinal++<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+        <span class="Delimiter">(</span>*curr<span class="Delimiter">)-&gt;</span>value = get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Type_ordinal<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>*curr<span class="Delimiter">)-&gt;</span>name<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+      <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+    <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+    curr = &amp;<span class="Delimiter">(</span>*curr<span class="Delimiter">)-&gt;</span>right<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+  in<span class="Delimiter">.</span>get<span class="Delimiter">();</span>  <span class="Comment">// skip ')'</span>
+  <span class="Identifier">return</span> result<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+
+string inspect<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const type_tree* x<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+  ostringstream out<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+  dump_inspect<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">,</span> out<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+  <span class="Identifier">return</span> out<span class="Delimiter">.</span>str<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
+<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+
+void dump_inspect<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const type_tree* x<span class="Delimiter">,</span> ostream&amp; out<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!x<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>left &amp;&amp; !x<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>right<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+    out &lt;&lt; x<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+    <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+  out &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">'('</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>const type_tree* curr = x<span class="Delimiter">;</span> curr<span class="Delimiter">;</span> curr = curr<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>right<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>curr != x<span class="Delimiter">)</span> out &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">' '</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>curr<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>left<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
+      dump_inspect<span class="Delimiter">(</span>curr<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>left<span class="Delimiter">,</span> out<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+    else
+      out &lt;&lt; curr<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>name<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+  out &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">')'</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+
 void ensure_all_concrete_types<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Comment">/*</span><span class="Comment">const</span><span class="Comment">*/</span> recipe&amp; new_recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const recipe&amp; exemplar<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
   for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>new_recipe<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
     ensure_all_concrete_types<span class="Delimiter">(</span>new_recipe<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">),</span> exemplar<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
@@ -496,9 +532,9 @@ void ensure_all_concrete_types<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Comme
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 
 void ensure_all_concrete_types<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Comment">/*</span><span class="Comment">const</span><span class="Comment">*/</span> reagent&amp; x<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const recipe&amp; exemplar<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type || contains_type_ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
     raise_error &lt;&lt; maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>exemplar<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;failed to map a type to &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>original_string &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
-    x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type = new type_tree<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>  <span class="Comment">// just to prevent crashes later</span>
+    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">)</span> x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type = new type_tree<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>  <span class="Comment">// just to prevent crashes later</span>
     <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
   <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
   if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>x<span class="Delimiter">.</span>type<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value == -<span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
@@ -507,13 +543,6 @@ void ensure_all_concrete_types<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Comme
   <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 
-long long int non_ghost_size<span class="Delimiter">(</span>vector&lt;recipe_ordinal&gt;&amp; variants<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-  long long int result = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>variants<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
-    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>variants<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> != -<span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> ++result<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-  <span class="Identifier">return</span> result<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
-
 <span class="Delimiter">:(scenario shape_shifting_recipe_2)</span>
 recipe main [
   <span class="Constant">10</span>:point<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>merge <span class="Constant">14</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">15</span>
@@ -859,6 +888,78 @@ recipe foo x:address:shared:_elem <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> y:number
   reply <span class="Constant">35</span>
 ]
 <span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 35 in location 2</span>
+
+<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario specialize_most_similar_variant_2)</span>
+<span class="Comment"># version with headers padded with lots of unrelated concrete types</span>
+recipe main [
+  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">23</span>
+  <span class="Constant">2</span>:address:shared:array:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">0</span>
+  <span class="Constant">3</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>foo <span class="Constant">2</span>:address:shared:array:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">1</span>:number
+]
+<span class="Comment"># variant with concrete type</span>
+recipe foo dummy:address:shared:array:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> x:number <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> y:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> dummy:address:shared:array:number [
+  local-scope
+  load-ingredients
+  reply <span class="Constant">34</span>
+]
+<span class="Comment"># shape-shifting variant</span>
+recipe foo dummy:address:shared:array:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> x:_elem <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> y:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> dummy:address:shared:array:number [
+  local-scope
+  load-ingredients
+  reply <span class="Constant">35</span>
+]
+<span class="Comment"># prefer the concrete variant</span>
+<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 34 in location 3</span>
+
+<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario specialize_most_similar_variant_3)</span>
+recipe main [
+  <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:shared:array:character<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>new [abc]
+  foo <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:shared:array:character
+]
+recipe foo x:address:shared:array:character [
+  <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>
+]
+recipe foo x:address:_elem [
+  <span class="Constant">2</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">35</span>
+]
+<span class="Comment"># make sure the more precise version was used</span>
+<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 34 in location 2</span>
+
+<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario specialize_literal_as_number)</span>
+recipe main [
+  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>foo <span class="Constant">23</span>
+]
+recipe foo x:_elem <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> y:number [
+  local-scope
+  load-ingredients
+  reply <span class="Constant">34</span>
+]
+recipe foo x:character <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> y:number [
+  local-scope
+  load-ingredients
+  reply <span class="Constant">35</span>
+]
+<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 34 in location 1</span>
+
+<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario specialize_literal_as_number_2)</span>
+<span class="Comment"># version calling with literal</span>
+recipe main [
+  <span class="Constant">1</span>:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>foo <span class="Constant">0</span>
+]
+<span class="Comment"># variant with concrete type</span>
+recipe foo x:number <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> y:number [
+  local-scope
+  load-ingredients
+  reply <span class="Constant">34</span>
+]
+<span class="Comment"># shape-shifting variant</span>
+recipe foo x:address:shared:_elem <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> y:number [
+  local-scope
+  load-ingredients
+  reply <span class="Constant">35</span>
+]
+<span class="Comment"># prefer the concrete variant, ignore concrete types in scoring the shape-shifting variant</span>
+<span class="traceContains">+mem: storing 34 in location 1</span>
 </pre>
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 </html>