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authorKartik K. Agaram <vc@akkartik.com>2016-03-09 02:56:27 -0800
committerKartik K. Agaram <vc@akkartik.com>2016-03-09 02:56:27 -0800
commit4690ce81e079fc58cae8d6d583e5e3eb3ed81a83 (patch)
treeb62ebb7e9a7fb88f8db3a168354acfebced83dd2 /html/060immutable.cc.html
parent1d079fc574a35f39fd52e3de23a1c8bfa45238ae (diff)
downloadmu-4690ce81e079fc58cae8d6d583e5e3eb3ed81a83.tar.gz
2743
Looks like "TOhtml | <other command>" doesn't work on Mac OS X for some
reason..
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-rw-r--r--html/060immutable.cc.html394
1 files changed, 263 insertions, 131 deletions
diff --git a/html/060immutable.cc.html b/html/060immutable.cc.html
index 167e28b6..894576c8 100644
--- a/html/060immutable.cc.html
+++ b/html/060immutable.cc.html
@@ -3,44 +3,40 @@
 <head>
 <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 <title>Mu - 060immutable.cc</title>
-<meta name="Generator" content="Vim/7.4">
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+<meta name="Generator" content="Vim/7.3">
+<meta name="plugin-version" content="vim7.3_v6">
 <meta name="syntax" content="cpp">
-<meta name="settings" content="use_css,pre_wrap,no_foldcolumn,expand_tabs,prevent_copy=">
-<meta name="colorscheme" content="minimal">
+<meta name="settings" content="use_css">
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 <!--
-pre { white-space: pre-wrap; font-family: monospace; color: #eeeeee; background-color: #080808; }
+pre { font-family: monospace; color: #eeeeee; background-color: #080808; }
 body { font-family: monospace; color: #eeeeee; background-color: #080808; }
-* { font-size: 1.05em; }
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+.Todo { color: #000000; background-color: #ffff00; }
+.Identifier { color: #804000; }
+.traceContains { color: #008000; }
 .Constant { color: #00a0a0; }
-.Comment { color: #9090ff; }
-.Delimiter { color: #a04060; }
+.Normal { color: #eeeeee; background-color: #080808; }
 .Special { color: #ff6060; }
-.Identifier { color: #804000; }
+.Delimiter { color: #a04060; }
+.Comment { color: #9090ff; }
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 </style>
-
-<script type='text/javascript'>
-<!--
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-</script>
 </head>
 <body>
-<pre id='vimCodeElement'>
+<pre>
 <span class="Comment">//: Addresses passed into of a recipe are meant to be immutable unless they're</span>
 <span class="Comment">//: also products. This layer will start enforcing this check.</span>
+<span class="Comment">//:</span>
+<span class="Comment">//: One hole for now: variables in surrounding spaces are implicitly mutable.</span>
 
 <span class="Delimiter">:(scenario can_modify_value_ingredients)</span>
-recipe main [
+def main [
   local-scope
-  p:address:shared:point<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>new point:type
+  p:address:shared:point<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> point:type
   foo *p
 ]
-recipe foo p:point [
+def foo p:point [
   local-scope
   load-ingredients
   x:address:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get-address p<span class="Delimiter">,</span> x:offset
@@ -49,12 +45,12 @@ recipe foo p:point [
 $error: <span class="Constant">0</span>
 
 <span class="Delimiter">:(scenario can_modify_ingredients_that_are_also_products)</span>
-recipe main [
+def main [
   local-scope
-  p:address:shared:point<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>new point:type
+  p:address:shared:point<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> point:type
   p<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>foo p
 ]
-recipe foo p:address:shared:point <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> p:address:shared:point [
+def foo p:address:shared:point <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> p:address:shared:point [
   local-scope
   load-ingredients
   x:address:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get-address *p<span class="Delimiter">,</span> x:offset
@@ -63,15 +59,15 @@ recipe foo p:address:shared:point <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> p:address
 $error: <span class="Constant">0</span>
 
 <span class="Delimiter">:(scenario ignore_literal_ingredients_for_immutability_checks)</span>
-recipe main [
+def main [
   local-scope
-  p:address:shared:d1<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>new d1:type
+  p:address:shared:d1<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> d1:type
   q:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>foo p
 ]
-recipe foo p:address:shared:d1 <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> q:number [
+def foo p:address:shared:d1 <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> q:number [
   local-scope
   load-ingredients
-  x:address:shared:d1<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>new d1:type
+  x:address:shared:d1<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> d1:type
   y:address:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get-address *x<span class="Delimiter">,</span> p:offset  <span class="Comment"># ignore this 'p'</span>
   q<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>
 ]
@@ -81,14 +77,28 @@ container d1 [
 ]
 $error: <span class="Constant">0</span>
 
+<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario cannot_modify_immutable_ingredients)</span>
+<span class="Special">% Hide_errors = true;</span>
+def main [
+  local-scope
+  x:address:shared:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> number:type
+  foo x
+]
+def foo x:address:shared:number [
+  local-scope
+  load-ingredients
+  *x<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>
+]
+<span class="traceContains">+error: foo: cannot modify x in instruction '*x &lt;- copy 34' because it's not also a product of foo</span>
+
 <span class="Delimiter">:(scenario cannot_take_address_inside_immutable_ingredients)</span>
 <span class="Special">% Hide_errors = true;</span>
-recipe main [
+def main [
   local-scope
-  p:address:shared:point<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>new point:type
+  p:address:shared:point<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> point:type
   foo p
 ]
-recipe foo p:address:shared:point [
+def foo p:address:shared:point [
   local-scope
   load-ingredients
   x:address:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get-address *p<span class="Delimiter">,</span> x:offset
@@ -98,17 +108,17 @@ recipe foo p:address:shared:point [
 
 <span class="Delimiter">:(scenario cannot_call_mutating_recipes_on_immutable_ingredients)</span>
 <span class="Special">% Hide_errors = true;</span>
-recipe main [
+def main [
   local-scope
-  p:address:shared:point<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>new point:type
+  p:address:shared:point<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> point:type
   foo p
 ]
-recipe foo p:address:shared:point [
+def foo p:address:shared:point [
   local-scope
   load-ingredients
   bar p
 ]
-recipe bar p:address:shared:point <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> p:address:shared:point [
+def bar p:address:shared:point <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> p:address:shared:point [
   local-scope
   load-ingredients
   x:address:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get-address *p<span class="Delimiter">,</span> x:offset
@@ -118,12 +128,12 @@ recipe bar p:address:shared:point <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> p:address
 
 <span class="Delimiter">:(scenario cannot_modify_copies_of_immutable_ingredients)</span>
 <span class="Special">% Hide_errors = true;</span>
-recipe main [
+def main [
   local-scope
-  p:address:shared:point<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>new point:type
+  p:address:shared:point<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> point:type
   foo p
 ]
-recipe foo p:address:shared:point [
+def foo p:address:shared:point [
   local-scope
   load-ingredients
   q:address:shared:point<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy p
@@ -131,21 +141,102 @@ recipe foo p:address:shared:point [
 ]
 <span class="traceContains">+error: foo: cannot modify q after instruction 'x:address:number &lt;- get-address *q, x:offset' because that would modify ingredient p which is not also a product of foo</span>
 
+<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario can_modify_copies_of_mutable_ingredients)</span>
+def main [
+  local-scope
+  p:address:shared:point<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> point:type
+  foo p
+]
+def foo p:address:shared:point <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> p:address:shared:point [
+  local-scope
+  load-ingredients
+  q:address:shared:point<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy p
+  x:address:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get-address *q<span class="Delimiter">,</span> x:offset
+]
+$error: <span class="Constant">0</span>
+
+<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario cannot_modify_address_inside_immutable_ingredients)</span>
+<span class="Special">% Hide_errors = true;</span>
+container foo [
+  x:address:shared:array:number  <span class="Comment"># contains an address</span>
+]
+def main [
+  <span class="Comment"># don't run anything</span>
+]
+def foo a:address:shared:foo [
+  local-scope
+  load-ingredients
+  x:address:shared:array:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get *a<span class="Delimiter">,</span> x:offset  <span class="Comment"># just a regular get of the container</span>
+  y:address:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>index-address *x<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">0</span>  <span class="Comment"># but then index-address on the result</span>
+  *y<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>
+]
+<span class="traceContains">+error: foo: cannot modify x after instruction 'y:address:number &lt;- index-address *x, 0' because that would modify ingredient a which is not also a product of foo</span>
+
+<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario cannot_modify_address_inside_immutable_ingredients_2)</span>
+container foo [
+  x:address:shared:array:number  <span class="Comment"># contains an address</span>
+]
+def main [
+  <span class="Comment"># don't run anything</span>
+]
+def foo a:address:shared:foo [
+  local-scope
+  load-ingredients
+  b:foo<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>merge <span class="Constant">0</span>  <span class="Comment"># completely unrelated to 'a'</span>
+  x:address:shared:array:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get b<span class="Delimiter">,</span> x:offset  <span class="Comment"># just a regular get of the container</span>
+  y:address:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>index-address *x<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">0</span>  <span class="Comment"># but then index-address on the result</span>
+  *y<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>
+]
+$error: <span class="Constant">0</span>
+
+<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario cannot_modify_address_inside_immutable_ingredients_3)</span>
+<span class="Special">% Hide_errors = true;</span>
+container foo [
+  x:number
+]
+def main [
+  <span class="Comment"># don't run anything</span>
+]
+def foo a:address:shared:array:address:number [
+  local-scope
+  load-ingredients
+  x:address:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>index *a<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">0</span>  <span class="Comment"># just a regular index of the array</span>
+  *x<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>  <span class="Comment"># but then modify the result</span>
+]
+<span class="Comment"># +error: foo: cannot modify x in instruction '*x &lt;- copy 34' because that would modify ingredient a which is not also a product of foo</span>
+<span class="traceContains">+error: foo: cannot modify x in instruction '*x &lt;- copy 34' because it's not also a product of foo</span>
+
+<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario cannot_modify_address_inside_immutable_ingredients_4)</span>
+container foo [
+  x:address:shared:array:number  <span class="Comment"># contains an address</span>
+]
+def main [
+  <span class="Comment"># don't run anything</span>
+]
+def foo a:address:shared:array:address:number [
+  local-scope
+  load-ingredients
+  b:address:shared:array:address:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> <span class="Delimiter">{(</span>address number<span class="Delimiter">)</span>: type<span class="Delimiter">},</span> <span class="Constant">3</span>  <span class="Comment"># completely unrelated to 'a'</span>
+  x:address:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>index *b<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">0</span>  <span class="Comment"># just a regular index of the array</span>
+  *x<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>  <span class="Comment"># but then modify the result</span>
+]
+$error: <span class="Constant">0</span>
+
 <span class="Delimiter">:(scenario can_traverse_immutable_ingredients)</span>
 container test-list [
   next:address:shared:test-list
 ]
-recipe main [
+def main [
   local-scope
-  p:address:shared:test-list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>new test-list:type
+  p:address:shared:test-list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> test-list:type
   foo p
 ]
-recipe foo p:address:shared:test-list [
+def foo p:address:shared:test-list [
   local-scope
   load-ingredients
   p2:address:shared:test-list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>bar p
 ]
-recipe bar x:address:shared:test-list <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> y:address:shared:test-list [
+def bar x:address:shared:test-list <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> y:address:shared:test-list [
   local-scope
   load-ingredients
   y<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get *x<span class="Delimiter">,</span> next:offset
@@ -153,82 +244,114 @@ recipe bar x:address:shared:test-list <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> y:add
 $error: <span class="Constant">0</span>
 
 <span class="Delimiter">:(scenario handle_optional_ingredients_in_immutability_checks)</span>
-recipe main [
-  k:address:shared:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>new number:type
+def main [
+  k:address:shared:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> number:type
   test k
 ]
 <span class="Comment"># recipe taking an immutable address ingredient</span>
-recipe test k:address:shared:number [
+def test k:address:shared:number [
   local-scope
   load-ingredients
   foo k
 ]
 <span class="Comment"># ..calling a recipe with an optional address ingredient</span>
-recipe foo <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> [
+def foo <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> [
   local-scope
   load-ingredients
   k:address:shared:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> found?:boolean<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next-ingredient
 ]
 $error: <span class="Constant">0</span>
 
+<span class="Comment">//: when checking for immutable ingredients, remember to take space into account</span>
+<span class="Delimiter">:(scenario check_space_of_reagents_in_immutability_checks)</span>
+def main [
+  a:address:shared:array:location<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Normal">new</span>-closure
+  b:address:shared:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> number:type
+  run-closure b:address:shared:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> a:address:shared:array:location
+]
+def <span class="Normal">new</span>-closure [
+  <span class="Normal">new</span>-<span class="Normal">default</span>-space
+  x:address:shared:number<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> number:type
+  <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Normal">default</span>-space
+]
+def run-closure x:address:shared:number<span class="Delimiter">,</span> s:address:shared:array:location [
+  local-scope
+  load-ingredients
+  <span class="Constant">0</span>:address:shared:array:location/names:<span class="Normal">new</span>-closure<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy s
+  *x:address:number/space:<span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>
+]
+$error: <span class="Constant">0</span>
+
 <span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Transforms&quot;)</span>
 Transform<span class="Delimiter">.</span>push_back<span class="Delimiter">(</span>check_immutable_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">);</span>  <span class="Comment">// idempotent</span>
 
 <span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span>
-void check_immutable_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">(</span>recipe_ordinal r<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-  <span class="Comment">// to ensure a reagent isn't modified, it suffices to show that we never</span>
-  <span class="Comment">// call get-address or index-address with it, and that any non-primitive</span>
-  <span class="Comment">// recipe calls in the body aren't returning it as a product.</span>
-  const recipe&amp; caller = get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> r<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+<span class="Normal">void</span> check_immutable_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">(</span>recipe_ordinal r<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+  <span class="Comment">// to ensure an address reagent isn't modified, it suffices to show that</span>
+  <span class="Comment">//   a) we never write to its contents directly,</span>
+  <span class="Comment">//   b) we never call get-address or index-address with it, and</span>
+  <span class="Comment">//   c) any non-primitive recipe calls in the body aren't returning it as a product</span>
+  <span class="Normal">const</span> recipe&amp; caller = get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> r<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
   trace<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">9991</span><span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;transform&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;--- check mutability of ingredients in recipe &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>has_header<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>  <span class="Comment">// skip check for old-style recipes calling next-ingredient directly</span>
-  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-    const reagent&amp; current_ingredient = caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!is_mu_address<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_ingredient<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">continue</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>  <span class="Comment">// will be copied</span>
-    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_present_in_products<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">,</span> current_ingredient<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">continue</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>  <span class="Comment">// not expected to be immutable</span>
+  <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>has_header<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>  <span class="Comment">// skip check for old-style recipes calling next-ingredient directly</span>
+  <span class="Normal">for</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span> i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+    <span class="Normal">const</span> reagent&amp; current_ingredient = caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+    <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!is_mu_address<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_ingredient<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">continue</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>  <span class="Comment">// will be copied</span>
+    <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_present_in_products<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">,</span> current_ingredient<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">continue</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>  <span class="Comment">// not expected to be immutable</span>
     <span class="Comment">// End Immutable Ingredients Special-cases</span>
-    set&lt;string&gt; immutable_vars<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-    immutable_vars<span class="Delimiter">.</span>insert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_ingredient<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-    for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>steps<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-      const instruction&amp; inst = caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>steps<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+    set&lt;reagent&gt; immutable_vars<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+    immutable_vars<span class="Delimiter">.</span>insert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_ingredient<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+    <span class="Normal">for</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span> i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>steps<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+      <span class="Normal">const</span> instruction&amp; inst = caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>steps<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
       check_immutable_ingredient_in_instruction<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> immutable_vars<span class="Delimiter">,</span> current_ingredient<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">,</span> caller<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
       update_aliases<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> immutable_vars<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
     <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
   <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 
-void update_aliases<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const instruction&amp; inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> set&lt;string&gt;&amp; current_ingredient_and_aliases<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-  set&lt;long long int&gt; current_ingredient_indices = ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> current_ingredient_and_aliases<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!contains_key<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>operation<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+<span class="Normal">void</span> update_aliases<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">const</span> instruction&amp; inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> set&lt;reagent&gt;&amp; current_ingredient_and_aliases<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+  set&lt;<span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span>&gt; current_ingredient_indices = ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> current_ingredient_and_aliases<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+  <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!contains_key<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>operation<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
     <span class="Comment">// primitive recipe</span>
-    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>operation == COPY<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-      for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>set&lt;long long int&gt;::iterator p = current_ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">();</span> p != current_ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> ++p<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-        current_ingredient_and_aliases<span class="Delimiter">.</span>insert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>*p<span class="Delimiter">).</span>name<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-      <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+    <span class="Normal">switch</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>operation<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+      <span class="Normal">case</span> COPY:
+        <span class="Normal">for</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>set&lt;<span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span>&gt;::iterator p = current_ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">();</span> p != current_ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> ++p<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
+          current_ingredient_and_aliases<span class="Delimiter">.</span>insert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>*p<span class="Delimiter">).</span>name<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+        <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+      <span class="Normal">case</span> GET:
+      <span class="Normal">case</span> INDEX:
+          <span class="Comment">// current_ingredient_indices can only have 0 or one value</span>
+        <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!current_ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">())</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+          <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_mu_address<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">)))</span>
+            current_ingredient_and_aliases<span class="Delimiter">.</span>insert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">));</span>
+        <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+        <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+      <span class="Normal">default</span>: <span class="Identifier">break</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
     <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
   <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
-  else <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+  <span class="Normal">else</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
     <span class="Comment">// defined recipe</span>
-    set&lt;long long int&gt; contained_in_product_indices = scan_contained_in_product_indices<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> current_ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-    for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>set&lt;long long int&gt;::iterator p = contained_in_product_indices<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">();</span> p != contained_in_product_indices<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> ++p<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-      if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>*p &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">))</span>
-        current_ingredient_and_aliases<span class="Delimiter">.</span>insert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>*p<span class="Delimiter">).</span>name<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+    set&lt;<span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span>&gt; contained_in_product_indices = scan_contained_in_product_indices<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> current_ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+    <span class="Normal">for</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>set&lt;<span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span>&gt;::iterator p = contained_in_product_indices<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">();</span> p != contained_in_product_indices<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> ++p<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+      <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>*p &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">))</span>
+        current_ingredient_and_aliases<span class="Delimiter">.</span>insert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>*p<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
     <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
   <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 
-set&lt;long long int&gt; scan_contained_in_product_indices<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const instruction&amp; inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> set&lt;long long int&gt;&amp; ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-  set&lt;string&gt; selected_ingredient_names<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-  const recipe&amp; callee = get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>operation<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>set&lt;long long int&gt;::iterator p = ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">();</span> p != ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> ++p<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>*p &gt;= SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">continue</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>  <span class="Comment">// optional immutable ingredient</span>
-    selected_ingredient_names<span class="Delimiter">.</span>insert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>*p<span class="Delimiter">).</span>name<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+set&lt;<span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span>&gt; scan_contained_in_product_indices<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">const</span> instruction&amp; inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> set&lt;<span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span>&gt;&amp; ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+  set&lt;reagent&gt; selected_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+  <span class="Normal">const</span> recipe&amp; callee = get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>operation<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+  <span class="Normal">for</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>set&lt;<span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span>&gt;::iterator p = ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">();</span> p != ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> ++p<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+    <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>*p &gt;= SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">continue</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>  <span class="Comment">// optional immutable ingredient</span>
+    selected_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>insert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>*p<span class="Delimiter">));</span>
   <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
-  set&lt;long long int&gt; result<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-    const reagent&amp; current_product = callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-    const string_tree* contained_in_name = property<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_product<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;contained-in&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>contained_in_name &amp;&amp; selected_ingredient_names<span class="Delimiter">.</span>find<span class="Delimiter">(</span>contained_in_name<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value<span class="Delimiter">)</span> != selected_ingredient_names<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">())</span>
+  set&lt;<span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span>&gt; result<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+  <span class="Normal">for</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span> i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+    <span class="Normal">const</span> reagent&amp; current_product = callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+    <span class="Comment">// </span><span class="Todo">TODO</span>
+    <span class="Normal">const</span> string_tree* contained_in_name = property<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_product<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;contained-in&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+    <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>contained_in_name &amp;&amp; selected_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>find<span class="Delimiter">(</span>contained_in_name<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value<span class="Delimiter">)</span> != selected_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">())</span>
       result<span class="Delimiter">.</span>insert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
   <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
   <span class="Identifier">return</span> result<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
@@ -240,18 +363,18 @@ set&lt;long long int&gt; scan_contained_in_product_indices<span class="Delimiter
 container test-list [
   next:address:shared:test-list
 ]
-recipe main [
+def main [
   local-scope
-  p:address:shared:test-list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>new test-list:type
+  p:address:shared:test-list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> test-list:type
   foo p
 ]
-recipe foo p:address:shared:test-list [  <span class="Comment"># p is immutable</span>
+def foo p:address:shared:test-list [  <span class="Comment"># p is immutable</span>
   local-scope
   load-ingredients
   p2:address:shared:test-list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>test-next p  <span class="Comment"># p2 is immutable</span>
   p3:address:address:shared:test-list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get-address *p2<span class="Delimiter">,</span> next:offset  <span class="Comment"># signal modification of p2</span>
 ]
-recipe test-next x:address:shared:test-list <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> y:address:shared:test-list/contained-in:x [
+def test-next x:address:shared:test-list <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> y:address:shared:test-list/contained-in:x [
   local-scope
   load-ingredients
   y<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get *x<span class="Delimiter">,</span> next:offset
@@ -259,67 +382,77 @@ recipe test-next x:address:shared:test-list <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>
 <span class="traceContains">+error: foo: cannot modify p2 after instruction 'p3:address:address:shared:test-list &lt;- get-address *p2, next:offset' because that would modify ingredient p which is not also a product of foo</span>
 
 <span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span>
-void check_immutable_ingredient_in_instruction<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const instruction&amp; inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const set&lt;string&gt;&amp; current_ingredient_and_aliases<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const string&amp; original_ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const recipe&amp; caller<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-  set&lt;long long int&gt; current_ingredient_indices = ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> current_ingredient_and_aliases<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">())</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>  <span class="Comment">// ingredient not found in call</span>
-  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>set&lt;long long int&gt;::iterator p = current_ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">();</span> p != current_ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> ++p<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-    const long long int current_ingredient_index = *p<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+<span class="Normal">void</span> check_immutable_ingredient_in_instruction<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">const</span> instruction&amp; inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Normal">const</span> set&lt;reagent&gt;&amp; current_ingredient_and_aliases<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Normal">const</span> string&amp; original_ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Normal">const</span> recipe&amp; caller<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+  <span class="Comment">// first check if the instruction is directly modifying something it shouldn't</span>
+  <span class="Normal">for</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span> i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+    <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>has_property<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">),</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;lookup&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">)</span>
+        &amp;&amp; current_ingredient_and_aliases<span class="Delimiter">.</span>find<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">))</span> != current_ingredient_and_aliases<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">())</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+      raise &lt;&lt; maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;cannot modify &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">).</span>name &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; in instruction '&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; to_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;' because it's not also a product of &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
+      <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+    <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+  <span class="Comment">// check if there's any indirect modification going on</span>
+  set&lt;<span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span>&gt; current_ingredient_indices = ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> current_ingredient_and_aliases<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+  <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">.</span>empty<span class="Delimiter">())</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>  <span class="Comment">// ingredient not found in call</span>
+  <span class="Normal">for</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>set&lt;<span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span>&gt;::iterator p = current_ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">.</span>begin<span class="Delimiter">();</span> p != current_ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">();</span> ++p<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+    <span class="Normal">const</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span> current_ingredient_index = *p<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
     reagent current_ingredient = inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_ingredient_index<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
     canonize_type<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_ingredient<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-    const string&amp; current_ingredient_name = current_ingredient<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!contains_key<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>operation<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+    <span class="Normal">const</span> string&amp; current_ingredient_name = current_ingredient<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+    <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!contains_key<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>operation<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
       <span class="Comment">// primitive recipe</span>
-      if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>operation == GET_ADDRESS || inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>operation == INDEX_ADDRESS<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-        if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_ingredient_name == original_ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
-          raise_error &lt;&lt; maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;cannot modify ingredient &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_ingredient_name &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; after instruction '&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; to_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;' because it's not also a product of &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
-        else
-          raise_error &lt;&lt; maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;cannot modify &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_ingredient_name &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; after instruction '&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; to_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;' because that would modify ingredient &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; original_ingredient_name &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; which is not also a product of &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
+      <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>operation == GET_ADDRESS || inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>operation == INDEX_ADDRESS<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+        <span class="Comment">// only reason to use get-address or index-address is to modify, so stop right there</span>
+        <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_ingredient_name == original_ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
+          raise &lt;&lt; maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;cannot modify ingredient &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_ingredient_name &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; after instruction '&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; to_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;' because it's not also a product of &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
+        <span class="Normal">else</span>
+          raise &lt;&lt; maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;cannot modify &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_ingredient_name &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; after instruction '&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; to_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;' because that would modify ingredient &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; original_ingredient_name &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; which is not also a product of &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
       <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
     <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
-    else <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+    <span class="Normal">else</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
       <span class="Comment">// defined recipe</span>
-      if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!is_mu_address<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_ingredient<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>  <span class="Comment">// making a copy is ok</span>
-      if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_modified_in_recipe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>operation<span class="Delimiter">,</span> current_ingredient_index<span class="Delimiter">,</span> caller<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-        if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_ingredient_name == original_ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
-          raise_error &lt;&lt; maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;cannot modify ingredient &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_ingredient_name &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; at instruction '&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; to_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;' because it's not also a product of &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
-        else
-          raise_error &lt;&lt; maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;cannot modify &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_ingredient_name &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; after instruction '&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; to_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;' because that would modify ingredient &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; original_ingredient_name &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; which is not also a product of &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
+      <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!is_mu_address<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_ingredient<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>  <span class="Comment">// making a copy is ok</span>
+      <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_modified_in_recipe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>operation<span class="Delimiter">,</span> current_ingredient_index<span class="Delimiter">,</span> caller<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+        <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_ingredient_name == original_ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
+          raise &lt;&lt; maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;cannot modify ingredient &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_ingredient_name &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; at instruction '&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; to_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;' because it's not also a product of &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
+        <span class="Normal">else</span>
+          raise &lt;&lt; maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;cannot modify &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; current_ingredient_name &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; after instruction '&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; to_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;' because that would modify ingredient &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; original_ingredient_name &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; which is not also a product of &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
       <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
     <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
   <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 
-bool is_modified_in_recipe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>recipe_ordinal r<span class="Delimiter">,</span> long long int ingredient_index<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const recipe&amp; caller<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-  const recipe&amp; callee = get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> r<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>has_header<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-    raise_error &lt;&lt; maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;can't check mutability of ingredients in &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; because it uses 'next-ingredient' directly, rather than a recipe header.</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
+<span class="Normal">bool</span> is_modified_in_recipe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>recipe_ordinal r<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span> ingredient_index<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Normal">const</span> recipe&amp; caller<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+  <span class="Normal">const</span> recipe&amp; callee = get<span class="Delimiter">(</span>Recipe<span class="Delimiter">,</span> r<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+  <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>!callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>has_header<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+    raise &lt;&lt; maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;can't check mutability of ingredients in &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot; because it uses 'next-ingredient' directly, rather than a recipe header.</span><span class="cSpecial">\n</span><span class="Constant">&quot;</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
     <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">true</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
   <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredient_index &gt;= SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>  <span class="Comment">// optional immutable ingredient</span>
+  <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredient_index &gt;= SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>  <span class="Comment">// optional immutable ingredient</span>
   <span class="Identifier">return</span> is_present_in_products<span class="Delimiter">(</span>callee<span class="Delimiter">,</span> callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredient_index<span class="Delimiter">).</span>name<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 
-bool is_present_in_products<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const recipe&amp; callee<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const string&amp; ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">).</span>name == ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
+<span class="Normal">bool</span> is_present_in_products<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">const</span> recipe&amp; callee<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Normal">const</span> string&amp; ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+  <span class="Normal">for</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span> i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+    <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>products<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">).</span>name == ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
       <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">true</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
   <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
   <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 
-bool is_present_in_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const recipe&amp; callee<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const string&amp; ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">).</span>name == ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
+<span class="Normal">bool</span> is_present_in_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">const</span> recipe&amp; callee<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Normal">const</span> string&amp; ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+  <span class="Normal">for</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span> i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+    <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>callee<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">).</span>name == ingredient_name<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
       <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">true</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
   <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
   <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">false</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 
-set&lt;long long int&gt; ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const instruction&amp; inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> const set&lt;string&gt;&amp; ingredient_names<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-  set&lt;long long int&gt; result<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-  for <span class="Delimiter">(</span>long long int i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_literal<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">)))</span> <span class="Identifier">continue</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
-    if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredient_names<span class="Delimiter">.</span>find<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">).</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> != ingredient_names<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">())</span>
+set&lt;<span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span>&gt; ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">const</span> instruction&amp; inst<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Normal">const</span> set&lt;reagent&gt;&amp; ingredient_names<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+  set&lt;<span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span>&gt; result<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+  <span class="Normal">for</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">long</span> <span class="Normal">int</span> i = <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> i &lt; SIZE<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">);</span> ++i<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+    <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>is_literal<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">)))</span> <span class="Identifier">continue</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
+    <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>ingredient_names<span class="Delimiter">.</span>find<span class="Delimiter">(</span>inst<span class="Delimiter">.</span>ingredients<span class="Delimiter">.</span>at<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">))</span> != ingredient_names<span class="Delimiter">.</span>end<span class="Delimiter">())</span>
       result<span class="Delimiter">.</span>insert<span class="Delimiter">(</span>i<span class="Delimiter">);</span>
   <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
   <span class="Identifier">return</span> result<span class="Delimiter">;</span>
@@ -341,23 +474,23 @@ set&lt;long long int&gt; ingredient_indices<span class="Delimiter">(</span>const
 container test-list [
   next:address:shared:test-list
 ]
-recipe main [
+def main [
   local-scope
-  p:address:shared:test-list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>new test-list:type
+  p:address:shared:test-list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Normal">new</span> test-list:type
   foo p
 ]
-recipe foo p:address:shared:test-list <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> p:address:shared:test-list [
+def foo p:address:shared:test-list <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> p:address:shared:test-list [
   local-scope
   load-ingredients
   p2:address:shared:test-list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>test-next p
   p<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>test-remove p2<span class="Delimiter">,</span> p
 ]
-recipe test-next x:address:shared:test-list <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> y:address:shared:test-list [
+def test-next x:address:shared:test-list <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> y:address:shared:test-list [
   local-scope
   load-ingredients
   y<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get *x<span class="Delimiter">,</span> next:offset
 ]
-recipe test-remove x:address:shared:test-list/contained-in:from<span class="Delimiter">,</span> from:address:shared:test-list <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> from:address:shared:test-list [
+def test-remove x:address:shared:test-list/contained-in:from<span class="Delimiter">,</span> from:address:shared:test-list <span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span> from:address:shared:test-list [
   local-scope
   load-ingredients
   x2:address:address:shared:test-list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get-address *x<span class="Delimiter">,</span> next:offset  <span class="Comment"># pretend modification</span>
@@ -365,15 +498,14 @@ recipe test-remove x:address:shared:test-list/contained-in:from<span class="Deli
 $error: <span class="Constant">0</span>
 
 <span class="Delimiter">:(before &quot;End Immutable Ingredients Special-cases&quot;)</span>
-if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>has_property<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_ingredient<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;contained-in&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
-  const string_tree* tmp = property<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_ingredient<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;contained-in&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
-  if <span class="Delimiter">(</span>tmp<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>left || tmp<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>right
+<span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>has_property<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_ingredient<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;contained-in&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">))</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+  <span class="Normal">const</span> string_tree* tmp = property<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_ingredient<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;contained-in&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
+  <span class="Normal">if</span> <span class="Delimiter">(</span>tmp<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>left || tmp<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>right
       || !is_present_in_ingredients<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">,</span> tmp<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value<span class="Delimiter">)</span>
       || !is_present_in_products<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">,</span> tmp<span class="Delimiter">-&gt;</span>value<span class="Delimiter">))</span>
-    raise_error &lt;&lt; maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;contained-in can only point to another ingredient+product, but got &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; to_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>property<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_ingredient<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;contained-in&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">))</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
+    raise &lt;&lt; maybe<span class="Delimiter">(</span>caller<span class="Delimiter">.</span>name<span class="Delimiter">)</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="Constant">&quot;contained-in can only point to another ingredient+product, but got &quot;</span> &lt;&lt; to_string<span class="Delimiter">(</span>property<span class="Delimiter">(</span>current_ingredient<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Constant">&quot;contained-in&quot;</span><span class="Delimiter">))</span> &lt;&lt; <span class="cSpecial">'\n'</span> &lt;&lt; end<span class="Delimiter">();</span>
   <span class="Identifier">continue</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span>
 <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
 </pre>
 </body>
 </html>
-<!-- vim: set foldmethod=manual : -->