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authorKartik K. Agaram <vc@akkartik.com>2016-07-27 22:51:11 -0700
committerKartik K. Agaram <vc@akkartik.com>2016-07-27 22:51:11 -0700
commitc842d90bbc5ab8f4fb88fb89ebb02c0c12051396 (patch)
tree12f5b94028df14b2927299271c16c3aa5e1b1e93 /html/065duplex_list.mu.html
parent0c44f591f4370ce7c06ef4b8ccbee513f3552b05 (diff)
downloadmu-c842d90bbc5ab8f4fb88fb89ebb02c0c12051396.tar.gz
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+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
+<title>Mu - 065duplex_list.mu</title>
+<meta name="Generator" content="Vim/7.4">
+<meta name="plugin-version" content="vim7.4_v2">
+<meta name="syntax" content="none">
+<meta name="settings" content="use_css,pre_wrap,no_foldcolumn,expand_tabs,prevent_copy=">
+<meta name="colorscheme" content="minimal">
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+pre { white-space: pre-wrap; font-family: monospace; color: #eeeeee; background-color: #080808; }
+body { font-size: 12pt; font-family: monospace; color: #eeeeee; background-color: #080808; }
+* { font-size: 12pt; font-size: 1em; }
+.muRecipe { color: #ff8700; }
+.muData { color: #ffff00; }
+.muScenario { color: #00af00; }
+.Delimiter { color: #800080; }
+.Comment { color: #9090ff; }
+.Constant { color: #00a0a0; }
+.Special { color: #c00000; }
+.muControl { color: #c0a020; }
+-->
+</style>
+
+<script type='text/javascript'>
+<!--
+
+-->
+</script>
+</head>
+<body>
+<pre id='vimCodeElement'>
+<span class="Comment"># A doubly linked list permits bidirectional traversal.</span>
+
+<span class="muData">container</span> duplex-list:_elem [
+  value:_elem
+  next:address:duplex-list:_elem
+  prev:address:duplex-list:_elem
+]
+
+<span class="Comment"># should I say in/contained-in:result, allow ingredients to refer to products?</span>
+<span class="muRecipe">def</span> push x:_elem, in:address:duplex-list:_elem<span class="muRecipe"> -&gt; </span>in:address:duplex-list:_elem [
+  <span class="Constant">local-scope</span>
+  <span class="Constant">load-ingredients</span>
+  result:address:duplex-list:_elem<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>new <span class="Delimiter">{</span>(duplex-list _elem): type<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+  *result<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>merge x, in, <span class="Constant">0</span>
+  <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+    <span class="muControl">break-unless</span> in
+    *in<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>put *in, <span class="Constant">prev:offset</span>, result
+  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+  <span class="muControl">return</span> result  <span class="Comment"># needed explicitly because we need to replace 'in' with 'result'</span>
+]
+
+<span class="muRecipe">def</span> first in:address:duplex-list:_elem<span class="muRecipe"> -&gt; </span>result:_elem [
+  <span class="Constant">local-scope</span>
+  <span class="Constant">load-ingredients</span>
+  <span class="muControl">return-unless</span> in, <span class="Constant">0</span>
+  result<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get *in, <span class="Constant">value:offset</span>
+]
+
+<span class="muRecipe">def</span> next in:address:duplex-list:_elem<span class="muRecipe"> -&gt; </span>result:address:duplex-list:_elem/contained-in:in [
+  <span class="Constant">local-scope</span>
+  <span class="Constant">load-ingredients</span>
+  <span class="muControl">return-unless</span> in, <span class="Constant">0</span>
+  result<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get *in, <span class="Constant">next:offset</span>
+]
+
+<span class="muRecipe">def</span> prev in:address:duplex-list:_elem<span class="muRecipe"> -&gt; </span>result:address:duplex-list:_elem/contained-in:in [
+  <span class="Constant">local-scope</span>
+  <span class="Constant">load-ingredients</span>
+  <span class="muControl">return-unless</span> in, <span class="Constant">0</span>
+  result<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get *in, <span class="Constant">prev:offset</span>
+  <span class="muControl">return</span> result
+]
+
+<span class="muScenario">scenario</span> duplex-list-handling [
+  run [
+    <span class="Constant">local-scope</span>
+    <span class="Comment"># reserve locations 0-9 to check for missing null check</span>
+    <span class="Constant">10</span>:number/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">34</span>
+    <span class="Constant">11</span>:number/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">35</span>
+    list:address:duplex-list:character<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">3</span>, <span class="Constant">0</span>
+    list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">4</span>, list
+    list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">5</span>, list
+    list2:address:duplex-list:character<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy list
+    <span class="Constant">20</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>first list2
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next list2
+    <span class="Constant">21</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>first list2
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next list2
+    <span class="Constant">22</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>first list2
+    <span class="Constant">30</span>:address:duplex-list:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>next list2
+    <span class="Constant">31</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>first <span class="Constant">30</span>:address:duplex-list:character/<span class="Special">raw</span>
+    <span class="Constant">32</span>:address:duplex-list:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>next <span class="Constant">30</span>:address:duplex-list:character/<span class="Special">raw</span>
+    <span class="Constant">33</span>:address:duplex-list:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>prev <span class="Constant">30</span>:address:duplex-list:character/<span class="Special">raw</span>
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>prev list2
+    <span class="Constant">40</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>first list2
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>prev list2
+    <span class="Constant">41</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>first list2
+    <span class="Constant">50</span>:boolean/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>equal list, list2
+  ]
+  memory-should-contain [
+    <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">0</span>  <span class="Comment"># no modifications to null pointers</span>
+    <span class="Constant">10</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">34</span>
+    <span class="Constant">11</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">35</span>
+    <span class="Constant">20</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">5</span>  <span class="Comment"># scanning next</span>
+    <span class="Constant">21</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">4</span>
+    <span class="Constant">22</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">3</span>
+    <span class="Constant">30</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">0</span>  <span class="Comment"># null</span>
+    <span class="Constant">31</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">0</span>  <span class="Comment"># first of null</span>
+    <span class="Constant">32</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">0</span>  <span class="Comment"># next of null</span>
+    <span class="Constant">33</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">0</span>  <span class="Comment"># prev of null</span>
+    <span class="Constant">40</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">4</span>  <span class="Comment"># then start scanning prev</span>
+    <span class="Constant">41</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">5</span>
+    <span class="Constant">50</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">1</span>  <span class="Comment"># list back at start</span>
+  ]
+]
+
+<span class="Comment"># insert 'x' after 'in'</span>
+<span class="muRecipe">def</span> insert x:_elem, in:address:duplex-list:_elem<span class="muRecipe"> -&gt; </span>in:address:duplex-list:_elem [
+  <span class="Constant">local-scope</span>
+  <span class="Constant">load-ingredients</span>
+  new-node:address:duplex-list:_elem<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>new <span class="Delimiter">{</span>(duplex-list _elem): type<span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+  *new-node<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>put *new-node, <span class="Constant">value:offset</span>, x
+  <span class="Comment"># save old next before changing it</span>
+  next-node:address:duplex-list:_elem<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get *in, <span class="Constant">next:offset</span>
+  *in<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>put *in, <span class="Constant">next:offset</span>, new-node
+  *new-node<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>put *new-node, <span class="Constant">prev:offset</span>, in
+  *new-node<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>put *new-node, <span class="Constant">next:offset</span>, next-node
+  <span class="muControl">return-unless</span> next-node
+  *next-node<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>put *next-node, <span class="Constant">prev:offset</span>, new-node
+]
+
+<span class="muScenario">scenario</span> inserting-into-duplex-list [
+  run [
+    <span class="Constant">local-scope</span>
+    list:address:duplex-list:character<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">3</span>, <span class="Constant">0</span>
+    list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">4</span>, list
+    list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">5</span>, list
+    list2:address:duplex-list:character<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next list  <span class="Comment"># inside list</span>
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>insert <span class="Constant">6</span>, list2
+    <span class="Comment"># check structure like before</span>
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy list
+    <span class="Constant">10</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>first list2
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next list2
+    <span class="Constant">11</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>first list2
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next list2
+    <span class="Constant">12</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>first list2
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next list2
+    <span class="Constant">13</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>first list2
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>prev list2
+    <span class="Constant">20</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>first list2
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>prev list2
+    <span class="Constant">21</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>first list2
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>prev list2
+    <span class="Constant">22</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>first list2
+    <span class="Constant">30</span>:boolean/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>equal list, list2
+  ]
+  memory-should-contain [
+    <span class="Constant">10</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">5</span>  <span class="Comment"># scanning next</span>
+    <span class="Constant">11</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">4</span>
+    <span class="Constant">12</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">6</span>  <span class="Comment"># inserted element</span>
+    <span class="Constant">13</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">3</span>
+    <span class="Constant">20</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">6</span>  <span class="Comment"># then prev</span>
+    <span class="Constant">21</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">4</span>
+    <span class="Constant">22</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">5</span>
+    <span class="Constant">30</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">1</span>  <span class="Comment"># list back at start</span>
+  ]
+]
+
+<span class="muScenario">scenario</span> inserting-at-end-of-duplex-list [
+  run [
+    <span class="Constant">local-scope</span>
+    list:address:duplex-list:character<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">3</span>, <span class="Constant">0</span>
+    list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">4</span>, list
+    list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">5</span>, list
+    list2:address:duplex-list:character<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next list  <span class="Comment"># inside list</span>
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next list2  <span class="Comment"># now at end of list</span>
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>insert <span class="Constant">6</span>, list2
+    <span class="Comment"># check structure like before</span>
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy list
+    <span class="Constant">10</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>first list2
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next list2
+    <span class="Constant">11</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>first list2
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next list2
+    <span class="Constant">12</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>first list2
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next list2
+    <span class="Constant">13</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>first list2
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>prev list2
+    <span class="Constant">20</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>first list2
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>prev list2
+    <span class="Constant">21</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>first list2
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>prev list2
+    <span class="Constant">22</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>first list2
+    <span class="Constant">30</span>:boolean/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>equal list, list2
+  ]
+  memory-should-contain [
+    <span class="Constant">10</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">5</span>  <span class="Comment"># scanning next</span>
+    <span class="Constant">11</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">4</span>
+    <span class="Constant">12</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">3</span>
+    <span class="Constant">13</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">6</span>  <span class="Comment"># inserted element</span>
+    <span class="Constant">20</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">3</span>  <span class="Comment"># then prev</span>
+    <span class="Constant">21</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">4</span>
+    <span class="Constant">22</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">5</span>
+    <span class="Constant">30</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">1</span>  <span class="Comment"># list back at start</span>
+  ]
+]
+
+<span class="muScenario">scenario</span> inserting-after-start-of-duplex-list [
+  run [
+    <span class="Constant">local-scope</span>
+    list:address:duplex-list:character<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">3</span>, <span class="Constant">0</span>
+    list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">4</span>, list
+    list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">5</span>, list
+    list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>insert <span class="Constant">6</span>, list
+    <span class="Comment"># check structure like before</span>
+    list2:address:duplex-list:character<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy list
+    <span class="Constant">10</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>first list2
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next list2
+    <span class="Constant">11</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>first list2
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next list2
+    <span class="Constant">12</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>first list2
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next list2
+    <span class="Constant">13</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>first list2
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>prev list2
+    <span class="Constant">20</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>first list2
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>prev list2
+    <span class="Constant">21</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>first list2
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>prev list2
+    <span class="Constant">22</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>first list2
+    <span class="Constant">30</span>:boolean/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>equal list, list2
+  ]
+  memory-should-contain [
+    <span class="Constant">10</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">5</span>  <span class="Comment"># scanning next</span>
+    <span class="Constant">11</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">6</span>  <span class="Comment"># inserted element</span>
+    <span class="Constant">12</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">4</span>
+    <span class="Constant">13</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">3</span>
+    <span class="Constant">20</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">4</span>  <span class="Comment"># then prev</span>
+    <span class="Constant">21</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">6</span>
+    <span class="Constant">22</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">5</span>
+    <span class="Constant">30</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">1</span>  <span class="Comment"># list back at start</span>
+  ]
+]
+
+<span class="Comment"># remove 'x' from its surrounding list 'in'</span>
+<span class="Comment">#</span>
+<span class="Comment"># Returns null if and only if list is empty. Beware: in that case any other</span>
+<span class="Comment"># pointers to the head are now invalid.</span>
+<span class="muRecipe">def</span> remove x:address:duplex-list:_elem/contained-in:in, in:address:duplex-list:_elem<span class="muRecipe"> -&gt; </span>in:address:duplex-list:_elem [
+  <span class="Constant">local-scope</span>
+  <span class="Constant">load-ingredients</span>
+  <span class="Comment"># if 'x' is null, return</span>
+  <span class="muControl">return-unless</span> x
+  next-node:address:duplex-list:_elem<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get *x, <span class="Constant">next:offset</span>
+  prev-node:address:duplex-list:_elem<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get *x, <span class="Constant">prev:offset</span>
+  <span class="Comment"># null x's pointers</span>
+  *x<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>put *x, <span class="Constant">next:offset</span>, <span class="Constant">0</span>
+  *x<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>put *x, <span class="Constant">prev:offset</span>, <span class="Constant">0</span>
+  <span class="Comment"># if next-node is not null, set its prev pointer</span>
+  <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+    <span class="muControl">break-unless</span> next-node
+    *next-node<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>put *next-node, <span class="Constant">prev:offset</span>, prev-node
+  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+  <span class="Comment"># if prev-node is not null, set its next pointer and return</span>
+  <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+    <span class="muControl">break-unless</span> prev-node
+    *prev-node<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>put *prev-node, <span class="Constant">next:offset</span>, next-node
+    <span class="muControl">return</span>
+  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+  <span class="Comment"># if prev-node is null, then we removed the head node at 'in'</span>
+  <span class="Comment"># return the new head rather than the old 'in'</span>
+  <span class="muControl">return</span> next-node
+]
+
+<span class="muScenario">scenario</span> removing-from-duplex-list [
+  run [
+    <span class="Constant">local-scope</span>
+    list:address:duplex-list:character<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">3</span>, <span class="Constant">0</span>
+    list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">4</span>, list
+    list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">5</span>, list
+    list2:address:duplex-list:character<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next list  <span class="Comment"># second element</span>
+    list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>remove list2, list
+    <span class="Constant">10</span>:boolean/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>equal list2, <span class="Constant">0</span>
+    <span class="Comment"># check structure like before</span>
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy list
+    <span class="Constant">11</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>first list2
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next list2
+    <span class="Constant">12</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>first list2
+    <span class="Constant">20</span>:address:duplex-list:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>next list2
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>prev list2
+    <span class="Constant">30</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>first list2
+    <span class="Constant">40</span>:boolean/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>equal list, list2
+  ]
+  memory-should-contain [
+    <span class="Constant">10</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">0</span>  <span class="Comment"># remove returned non-null</span>
+    <span class="Constant">11</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">5</span>  <span class="Comment"># scanning next, skipping deleted element</span>
+    <span class="Constant">12</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">3</span>
+    <span class="Constant">20</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">0</span>  <span class="Comment"># no more elements</span>
+    <span class="Constant">30</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">5</span>  <span class="Comment"># prev of final element</span>
+    <span class="Constant">40</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">1</span>  <span class="Comment"># list back at start</span>
+  ]
+]
+
+<span class="muScenario">scenario</span> removing-from-start-of-duplex-list [
+  run [
+    <span class="Constant">local-scope</span>
+    list:address:duplex-list:character<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">3</span>, <span class="Constant">0</span>
+    list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">4</span>, list
+    list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">5</span>, list
+    list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>remove list, list
+    <span class="Comment"># check structure like before</span>
+    list2:address:duplex-list:character<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy list
+    <span class="Constant">10</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>first list2
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next list2
+    <span class="Constant">11</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>first list2
+    <span class="Constant">20</span>:address:duplex-list:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>next list2
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>prev list2
+    <span class="Constant">30</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>first list2
+    <span class="Constant">40</span>:boolean/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>equal list, list2
+  ]
+  memory-should-contain [
+    <span class="Constant">10</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">4</span>  <span class="Comment"># scanning next, skipping deleted element</span>
+    <span class="Constant">11</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">3</span>
+    <span class="Constant">20</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">0</span>  <span class="Comment"># no more elements</span>
+    <span class="Constant">30</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">4</span>  <span class="Comment"># prev of final element</span>
+    <span class="Constant">40</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">1</span>  <span class="Comment"># list back at start</span>
+  ]
+]
+
+<span class="muScenario">scenario</span> removing-from-end-of-duplex-list [
+  run [
+    <span class="Constant">local-scope</span>
+    list:address:duplex-list:character<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">3</span>, <span class="Constant">0</span>
+    list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">4</span>, list
+    list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">5</span>, list
+    <span class="Comment"># delete last element</span>
+    list2:address:duplex-list:character<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next list
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next list2
+    list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>remove list2, list
+    <span class="Constant">10</span>:boolean/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>equal list2, <span class="Constant">0</span>
+    <span class="Comment"># check structure like before</span>
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy list
+    <span class="Constant">11</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>first list2
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next list2
+    <span class="Constant">12</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>first list2
+    <span class="Constant">20</span>:address:duplex-list:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>next list2
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>prev list2
+    <span class="Constant">30</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>first list2
+    <span class="Constant">40</span>:boolean/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>equal list, list2
+  ]
+  memory-should-contain [
+    <span class="Constant">10</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">0</span>  <span class="Comment"># remove returned non-null</span>
+    <span class="Constant">11</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">5</span>  <span class="Comment"># scanning next, skipping deleted element</span>
+    <span class="Constant">12</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">4</span>
+    <span class="Constant">20</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">0</span>  <span class="Comment"># no more elements</span>
+    <span class="Constant">30</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">5</span>  <span class="Comment"># prev of final element</span>
+    <span class="Constant">40</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">1</span>  <span class="Comment"># list back at start</span>
+  ]
+]
+
+<span class="muScenario">scenario</span> removing-from-singleton-duplex-list [
+  run [
+    <span class="Constant">local-scope</span>
+    list:address:duplex-list:character<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">3</span>, <span class="Constant">0</span>
+    list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>remove list, list
+    <span class="Constant">1</span>:number/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>copy list
+  ]
+  memory-should-contain [
+    <span class="Constant">1</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">0</span>  <span class="Comment"># back to an empty list</span>
+  ]
+]
+
+<span class="Comment"># remove values between 'start' and 'end' (both exclusive).</span>
+<span class="Comment"># also clear pointers back out from start/end for hygiene.</span>
+<span class="Comment"># set end to 0 to delete everything past start.</span>
+<span class="Comment"># can't set start to 0 to delete everything before end, because there's no</span>
+<span class="Comment"># clean way to return the new head pointer.</span>
+<span class="muRecipe">def</span> remove-between start:address:duplex-list:_elem, end:address:duplex-list:_elem/contained-in:start<span class="muRecipe"> -&gt; </span>start:address:duplex-list:_elem [
+  <span class="Constant">local-scope</span>
+  <span class="Constant">load-ingredients</span>
+  next:address:duplex-list:_elem<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get *start, <span class="Constant">next:offset</span>
+  nothing-to-delete?:boolean<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>equal next, end
+  <span class="muControl">return-if</span> nothing-to-delete?
+  assert next, <span class="Constant">[malformed duplex list]</span>
+  <span class="Comment"># start-&gt;next-&gt;prev = 0</span>
+  <span class="Comment"># start-&gt;next = end</span>
+  *next<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>put *next, <span class="Constant">prev:offset</span>, <span class="Constant">0</span>
+  *start<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>put *start, <span class="Constant">next:offset</span>, end
+  <span class="muControl">return-unless</span> end
+  <span class="Comment"># end-&gt;prev-&gt;next = 0</span>
+  <span class="Comment"># end-&gt;prev = start</span>
+  prev:address:duplex-list:_elem<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get *end, <span class="Constant">prev:offset</span>
+  assert prev, <span class="Constant">[malformed duplex list - 2]</span>
+  *prev<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>put *prev, <span class="Constant">next:offset</span>, <span class="Constant">0</span>
+  *end<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>put *end, <span class="Constant">prev:offset</span>, start
+]
+
+<span class="muScenario">scenario</span> remove-range [
+  <span class="Comment"># construct a duplex list with six elements [13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]</span>
+  <span class="Constant">local-scope</span>
+  list:address:duplex-list:character<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">18</span>, <span class="Constant">0</span>
+  list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">17</span>, list
+  list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">16</span>, list
+  list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">15</span>, list
+  list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">14</span>, list
+  list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">13</span>, list
+  <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:duplex-list:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>copy list  <span class="Comment"># save list</span>
+  run [
+    <span class="Constant">local-scope</span>
+    list:address:duplex-list:character<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:duplex-list:character/<span class="Special">raw</span>  <span class="Comment"># restore list</span>
+    <span class="Comment"># delete 16 onwards</span>
+    <span class="Comment"># first pointer: to the third element</span>
+    list2:address:duplex-list:character<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next list
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next list2
+    list2<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>remove-between list2, <span class="Constant">0</span>
+    <span class="Comment"># now check the list</span>
+    <span class="Constant">10</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>get *list, <span class="Constant">value:offset</span>
+    list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next list
+    <span class="Constant">11</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>get *list, <span class="Constant">value:offset</span>
+    list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next list
+    <span class="Constant">12</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>get *list, <span class="Constant">value:offset</span>
+    <span class="Constant">20</span>:address:duplex-list:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>next list
+  ]
+  memory-should-contain [
+    <span class="Constant">10</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">13</span>
+    <span class="Constant">11</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">14</span>
+    <span class="Constant">12</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">15</span>
+    <span class="Constant">20</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">0</span>
+  ]
+]
+
+<span class="muScenario">scenario</span> remove-range-to-final [
+  <span class="Constant">local-scope</span>
+  <span class="Comment"># construct a duplex list with six elements [13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]</span>
+  list:address:duplex-list:character<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">18</span>, <span class="Constant">0</span>
+  list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">17</span>, list
+  list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">16</span>, list
+  list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">15</span>, list
+  list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">14</span>, list
+  list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">13</span>, list
+  <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:duplex-list:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>copy list  <span class="Comment"># save list</span>
+  run [
+    <span class="Constant">local-scope</span>
+    list:address:duplex-list:character<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:duplex-list:character/<span class="Special">raw</span>  <span class="Comment"># restore list</span>
+    <span class="Comment"># delete 15, 16 and 17</span>
+    <span class="Comment"># start pointer: to the second element</span>
+    list2:address:duplex-list:character<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next list
+    <span class="Comment"># end pointer: to the last (sixth) element</span>
+    end:address:duplex-list:character<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next list2
+    end<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next end
+    end<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next end
+    end<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next end
+    remove-between list2, end
+    <span class="Comment"># now check the list</span>
+    <span class="Constant">10</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>get *list, <span class="Constant">value:offset</span>
+    list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next list
+    <span class="Constant">11</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>get *list, <span class="Constant">value:offset</span>
+    list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next list
+    <span class="Constant">12</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>get *list, <span class="Constant">value:offset</span>
+    <span class="Constant">20</span>:address:duplex-list:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>next list
+  ]
+  memory-should-contain [
+    <span class="Constant">10</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">13</span>
+    <span class="Constant">11</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">14</span>
+    <span class="Constant">12</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">18</span>
+    <span class="Constant">20</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">0</span>  <span class="Comment"># no more elements</span>
+  ]
+]
+
+<span class="muScenario">scenario</span> remove-range-empty [
+  <span class="Constant">local-scope</span>
+  <span class="Comment"># construct a duplex list with three elements [13, 14, 15]</span>
+  list:address:duplex-list:character<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">15</span>, <span class="Constant">0</span>
+  list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">14</span>, list
+  list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">13</span>, list
+  <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:duplex-list:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>copy list  <span class="Comment"># save list</span>
+  run [
+    <span class="Constant">local-scope</span>
+    list:address:duplex-list:character<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:duplex-list:character/<span class="Special">raw</span>  <span class="Comment"># restore list</span>
+    <span class="Comment"># delete between first and second element (i.e. nothing)</span>
+    list2:address:duplex-list:character<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next list
+    remove-between list, list2
+    <span class="Comment"># now check the list</span>
+    <span class="Constant">10</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>get *list, <span class="Constant">value:offset</span>
+    list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next list
+    <span class="Constant">11</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>get *list, <span class="Constant">value:offset</span>
+    list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next list
+    <span class="Constant">12</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>get *list, <span class="Constant">value:offset</span>
+    <span class="Constant">20</span>:address:duplex-list:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>next list
+  ]
+  <span class="Comment"># no change</span>
+  memory-should-contain [
+    <span class="Constant">10</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">13</span>
+    <span class="Constant">11</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">14</span>
+    <span class="Constant">12</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">15</span>
+    <span class="Constant">20</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">0</span>
+  ]
+]
+
+<span class="muScenario">scenario</span> remove-range-to-end [
+  <span class="Constant">local-scope</span>
+  <span class="Comment"># construct a duplex list with six elements [13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18]</span>
+  list:address:duplex-list:character<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">18</span>, <span class="Constant">0</span>
+  list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">17</span>, list
+  list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">16</span>, list
+  list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">15</span>, list
+  list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">14</span>, list
+  list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>push <span class="Constant">13</span>, list
+  <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:duplex-list:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>copy list  <span class="Comment"># save list</span>
+  run [
+    <span class="Constant">local-scope</span>
+    list:address:duplex-list:character<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy <span class="Constant">1</span>:address:duplex-list:character/<span class="Special">raw</span>  <span class="Comment"># restore list</span>
+    <span class="Comment"># remove the third element and beyond</span>
+    list2:address:duplex-list:character<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next list
+    remove-between list2, <span class="Constant">0</span>
+    <span class="Comment"># now check the list</span>
+    <span class="Constant">10</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>get *list, <span class="Constant">value:offset</span>
+    list<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next list
+    <span class="Constant">11</span>:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>get *list, <span class="Constant">value:offset</span>
+    <span class="Constant">20</span>:address:duplex-list:character/<span class="Special">raw &lt;- </span>next list
+  ]
+  memory-should-contain [
+    <span class="Constant">10</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">13</span>
+    <span class="Constant">11</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">14</span>
+    <span class="Constant">20</span><span class="Special"> &lt;- </span><span class="Constant">0</span>
+  ]
+]
+
+<span class="Comment"># insert list beginning at 'new' after 'in'</span>
+<span class="muRecipe">def</span> insert-range in:address:duplex-list:_elem, start:address:duplex-list:_elem/contained-in:in<span class="muRecipe"> -&gt; </span>in:address:duplex-list:_elem [
+  <span class="Constant">local-scope</span>
+  <span class="Constant">load-ingredients</span>
+  <span class="muControl">return-unless</span> in
+  <span class="muControl">return-unless</span> start
+  end:address:duplex-list:_elem<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy start
+  <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+    next:address:duplex-list:_elem<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next end/insert-range
+    <span class="muControl">break-unless</span> next
+    end<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy next
+    <span class="muControl">loop</span>
+  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+  next:address:duplex-list:_elem<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next in
+  *end<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>put *end, <span class="Constant">next:offset</span>, next
+  <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+    <span class="muControl">break-unless</span> next
+    *next<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>put *next, <span class="Constant">prev:offset</span>, end
+  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+  *in<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>put *in, <span class="Constant">next:offset</span>, start
+  *start<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>put *start, <span class="Constant">prev:offset</span>, in
+]
+
+<span class="muRecipe">def</span> append in:address:duplex-list:_elem, new:address:duplex-list:_elem/contained-in:in<span class="muRecipe"> -&gt; </span>in:address:duplex-list:_elem [
+  <span class="Constant">local-scope</span>
+  <span class="Constant">load-ingredients</span>
+  last:address:duplex-list:_elem<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>last in
+  *last<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>put *last, <span class="Constant">next:offset</span>, new
+  <span class="muControl">return-unless</span> new
+  *new<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>put *new, <span class="Constant">prev:offset</span>, last
+]
+
+<span class="muRecipe">def</span> last in:address:duplex-list:_elem<span class="muRecipe"> -&gt; </span>result:address:duplex-list:_elem [
+  <span class="Constant">local-scope</span>
+  <span class="Constant">load-ingredients</span>
+  result<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy in
+  <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+    next:address:duplex-list:_elem<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next result
+    <span class="muControl">break-unless</span> next
+    result<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>copy next
+    <span class="muControl">loop</span>
+  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+]
+
+<span class="Comment"># helper for debugging</span>
+<span class="muRecipe">def</span> dump-from x:address:duplex-list:_elem [
+  <span class="Constant">local-scope</span>
+  <span class="Constant">load-ingredients</span>
+  $print x, <span class="Constant">[: ]</span>
+  <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+    <span class="muControl">break-unless</span> x
+    c:_elem<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>get *x, <span class="Constant">value:offset</span>
+    $print c, <span class="Constant">[ ]</span>
+    x<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>next x
+    <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
+      is-newline?:boolean<span class="Special"> &lt;- </span>equal c, <span class="Constant">10/newline</span>
+      <span class="muControl">break-unless</span> is-newline?
+      $print <span class="Constant">10/newline</span>
+      $print x, <span class="Constant">[: ]</span>
+    <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+    <span class="muControl">loop</span>
+  <span class="Delimiter">}</span>
+  $print <span class="Constant">10/newline</span>, <span class="Constant">[---]</span>, <span class="Constant">10/newline</span>
+]
+</pre>
+</body>
+</html>
+<!-- vim: set foldmethod=manual : -->