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authorKartik K. Agaram <vc@akkartik.com>2021-03-03 22:09:50 -0800
committerKartik K. Agaram <vc@akkartik.com>2021-03-03 22:21:03 -0800
commit71e4f3812982dba2efb471283d310224e8db363e (patch)
treeea111a1acb8b8845dbda39c0e1b4bac1d198143b /linux/sigils.subx
parentc6b928be29ac8cdb4e4d6e1eaa20420ff03e5a4c (diff)
downloadmu-71e4f3812982dba2efb471283d310224e8db363e.tar.gz
7842 - new directory organization
Baremetal is now the default build target and therefore has its sources
at the top-level. Baremetal programs build using the phase-2 Mu toolchain
that requires a Linux kernel. This phase-2 codebase which used to be at
the top-level is now under the linux/ directory. Finally, the phase-2 toolchain,
while self-hosting, has a way to bootstrap from a C implementation, which
is now stored in linux/bootstrap. The bootstrap C implementation uses some
literate programming tools that are now in linux/bootstrap/tools.

So the whole thing has gotten inverted. Each directory should build one
artifact and include the main sources (along with standard library). Tools
used for building it are relegated to sub-directories, even though those
tools are often useful in their own right, and have had lots of interesting
programs written using them.

A couple of things have gotten dropped in this process:
  - I had old ways to run on just a Linux kernel, or with a Soso kernel.
    No more.
  - I had some old tooling for running a single test at the cursor. I haven't
    used that lately. Maybe I'll bring it back one day.

The reorg isn't done yet. Still to do:
  - redo documentation everywhere. All the README files, all other markdown,
    particularly vocabulary.md.
  - clean up how-to-run comments at the start of programs everywhere
  - rethink what to do with the html/ directory. Do we even want to keep
    supporting it?

In spite of these shortcomings, all the scripts at the top-level, linux/
and linux/bootstrap are working. The names of the scripts also feel reasonable.
This is a good milestone to take stock at.
Diffstat (limited to 'linux/sigils.subx')
-rw-r--r--linux/sigils.subx4661
1 files changed, 4661 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/linux/sigils.subx b/linux/sigils.subx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..31d074af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/linux/sigils.subx
@@ -0,0 +1,4661 @@
+# Syntax sugar for addressing modes that expand into /rm32 and other related
+# arguments.
+#
+# To run:
+#   $ ./bootstrap translate init.linux [012]*.subx apps/subx-params.subx apps/sigils.subx  -o apps/sigils
+#
+# We currently support the following notations:
+#
+# 1.
+#   $ echo '%eax'  |  ./bootstrap run apps/sigils
+#   3/mod 0/rm32
+#
+# 2.
+#   $ echo '*eax'  |  ./bootstrap run apps/sigils
+#   0/mod 0/rm32
+#
+# 3.
+#   $ echo '*(eax+4)'  |  ./bootstrap run apps/sigils
+#   2/mod 0/rm32 4/disp32
+#
+# 4.
+#   $ echo '*(eax+ecx)'  |  ./bootstrap run apps/sigils
+#   0/mod 4/rm32 0/base 1/index 0/scale
+#
+# 5.
+#   $ echo '*(eax+ecx+4)'  |  ./bootstrap run apps/sigils
+#   2/mod 4/rm32 0/base 1/index 0/scale 4/disp32
+#
+# 6.
+#   $ echo '*(eax+ecx<<2+4)'  |  ./bootstrap run apps/sigils
+#   2/mod 4/rm32 0/base 1/index 2/scale 4/disp32
+#
+# 7.
+#   $ echo '*Foo'  |  ./bootstrap run apps/sigils
+#   0/mod 5/rm32/.disp32 Foo/disp32
+#
+# TODO: *(Foo+ecx<<2)
+#
+# Addition isn't commutative here. Template must always be (base+index<<scale+disp),
+# though some components are optional as described above.
+# In particular, global variables like 'Foo' above don't support displacement
+# or index or scale.
+#
+# No metadata allowed inside '*(...)'.
+# Whitespace inside '*(...)' is ok. But not immediately after the '*' or '%'.
+# We don't support conversions to floating-point registers. In particular, so
+# far there's no %xmm1.
+#
+# The code generated is sub-optimal:
+#   - displacements are always disp32, even when disp8 will do
+#   - *(...esp...) always uses SIB arguments even when redundant
+
+== code
+#   instruction                     effective address                                                   register    displacement    immediate
+# . op          subop               mod             rm32          base        index         scale       r32
+# . 1-3 bytes   3 bits              2 bits          3 bits        3 bits      3 bits        2 bits      2 bits      0/1/2/4 bytes   0/1/2/4 bytes
+
+Entry:  # run tests if necessary, convert stdin if not
+    # . prologue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+
+    # initialize heap
+    # . Heap = new-segment(Heap-size)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  Heap/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Heap-size/disp32                  # push *Heap-size
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  new-segment/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+
+    # - if argc > 1 and argv[1] == "test", then return run_tests()
+    # if (argc <= 1) goto interactive
+    81          7/subop/compare     1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0/disp8         1/imm32           # compare *ebp
+    7e/jump-if-<=  $subx-sigils-main:interactive/disp8
+    # if (!kernel-string-equal?(argv[1], "test")) goto interactive
+    # . eax = kernel-string-equal?(argv[1], "test")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "test"/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  kernel-string-equal?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . if (eax == false) goto interactive
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
+    74/jump-if-=  $subx-sigils-main:interactive/disp8
+    # run-tests()
+    e8/call  run-tests/disp32
+    # syscall(exit, *Num-test-failures)
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           3/r32/ebx   Num-test-failures/disp32          # copy *Num-test-failures to ebx
+    eb/jump  $subx-sigils-main:end/disp8
+$subx-sigils-main:interactive:
+    # - otherwise convert stdin
+    # subx-sigils(Stdin, Stdout)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  Stdout/imm32
+    68/push  Stdin/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  subx-sigils/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # syscall(exit, 0)
+    bb/copy-to-ebx  0/imm32
+$subx-sigils-main:end:
+    e8/call  syscall_exit/disp32
+
+# error messages considered:
+#   *x + 34                 -> error: base+disp addressing must be within '()'
+subx-sigils:  # in: (addr buffered-file), out: (addr buffered-file)
+    # pseudocode:
+    #   var line: (stream byte 512)
+    #   while true
+    #     clear-stream(line)
+    #     read-line-buffered(in, line)
+    #     if (line->write == 0) break                     # end of file
+    #     while true
+    #       var word-slice = next-word-or-expression(line)
+    #       if slice-empty?(word-slice)                   # end of line
+    #         break
+    #       if slice-starts-with?(word-slice, "#")        # comment
+    #         continue
+    #       if slice-starts-with?(word-slice, '%')        # direct mode
+    #         emit-direct-mode(out, word-slice)
+    #       else if slice-starts-with?(word-slice, '*')   # indirect mode
+    #         if disp32-mode?(word-slice)
+    #           emit-indirect-disp32(out, word-slice)
+    #         else
+    #           base, index, scale, disp = parse-effective-address(word-slice)
+    #           emit-indirect-mode(out, base, index, scale, disp)
+    #       else if slice-starts-with?(word-slice, '+')
+    #         abort("'+' only permitted within '*(...)'")
+    #       else
+    #         write-slice-buffered(out, word-slice)
+    #       write(out, " ")
+    #     write(out, "\n")
+    #   flush(out)
+    #
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    50/push-eax
+    51/push-ecx
+    52/push-edx
+    53/push-ebx
+    # var line/ecx: (stream byte 512)
+    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x200/imm32       # subtract from esp
+    68/push  0x200/imm32/length
+    68/push  0/imm32/read
+    68/push  0/imm32/write
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # var word-slice/edx: slice
+    68/push  0/imm32/end
+    68/push  0/imm32/start
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to edx
+$subx-sigils:line-loop:
+    # clear-stream(line)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # read-line-buffered(in, line)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  read-line-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+$subx-sigils:check0:
+    # if (line->write == 0) break
+    81          7/subop/compare     0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           .           .               0/imm32           # compare *ecx
+    0f 84/jump-if-=  $subx-sigils:break/disp32
+$subx-sigils:word-loop:
+    # next-word-or-expression(line, word-slice)
+    # . . push args
+    52/push-edx
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-word-or-expression/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+$subx-sigils:check1:
+    # if (slice-empty?(word-slice)) break
+    # . eax = slice-empty?(word-slice)
+    # . . push args
+    52/push-edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  slice-empty?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . if (eax != false) break
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
+    0f 85/jump-if-!=  $subx-sigils:next-line/disp32
+$subx-sigils:check-for-comment:
+    # if (slice-starts-with?(word-slice, "#")) continue
+    # . start/ebx = word-slice->start
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # copy *edx to ebx
+    # . c/eax = *start
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # clear eax
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *ebx to AL
+    # . if (eax == '#') continue
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x23/imm32/hash
+    74/jump-if-=  $subx-sigils:word-loop/disp8
+$subx-sigils:check-for-direct-mode:
+    # if (!slice-starts-with?(word-slice, "%")) goto next check
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x25/imm32/percent
+    75/jump-if-!=  $subx-sigils:check-for-indirect-mode/disp8
+$subx-sigils:direct-mode:
+#?     # dump word-slice {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "w: ")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "w: "/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . clear-stream($Stderr->buffer)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  $Stderr->buffer/imm32
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-slice-buffered(Stderr, word-slice)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     52/push-edx
+#?     68/push  Stderr/imm32
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-slice-buffered/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . flush(Stderr)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  Stderr/imm32
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  flush/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # emit-direct-mode(out, word-slice)
+    # . . push args
+    52/push-edx
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  emit-direct-mode/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # continue
+    e9/jump  $subx-sigils:next-word/disp32
+$subx-sigils:check-for-indirect-mode:
+    # if (!slice-starts-with?(word-slice, "*")) goto next check
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x2a/imm32/asterisk
+    75/jump-if-!=  $subx-sigils:check-for-invalid-addition/disp8
+    # if (!disp32-mode?(word-slice)) goto indirect mode
+    # . eax = disp32-mode?(word-slice)
+    # . . push args
+    52/push-edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  disp32-mode?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . if (eax == false) goto indirect mode
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
+    74/jump-if-=  $subx-sigils:indirect-mode/disp8
+$subx-sigils:disp32-mode:
+    # emit-indirect-mode(out, word-slice)
+    # . . push args
+    52/push-edx
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  emit-indirect-disp32/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # continue
+    e9/jump  $subx-sigils:next-word/disp32
+$subx-sigils:indirect-mode:
+    # spill registers
+    50/push-eax
+    51/push-ecx
+    52/push-edx
+    53/push-ebx
+    # base/eax, index/ecx, scale/edx, disp/ebx = parse-effective-address(word-slice)
+    # . . push args
+    52/push-edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  parse-effective-address/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # emit-indirect-mode(out, base, index, scale, disp)
+    # . . push args
+    53/push-ebx
+    52/push-edx
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  emit-indirect-mode/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to esp
+    # restore registers
+    5b/pop-to-ebx
+    5a/pop-to-edx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    58/pop-to-eax
+    # continue
+    e9/jump  $subx-sigils:next-word/disp32
+$subx-sigils:check-for-invalid-addition:
+    # if (slice-starts-with?(word-slice, "+")) goto error1
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x2b/imm32/plus
+    74/jump-if-=  $subx-sigils:error1/disp8
+$subx-sigils:check-for-invalid-left-shift:
+    # if (slice-starts-with?(word-slice, "<")) goto error1
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x3c/imm32/less-than
+    74/jump-if-=  $subx-sigils:error1/disp8
+$subx-sigils:regular-word:
+    # write-slice-buffered(out, word-slice)
+    # . . push args
+    52/push-edx
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-slice-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # fall through
+$subx-sigils:next-word:
+    # write-buffered(out, " ")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  Space/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # loop
+    e9/jump  $subx-sigils:word-loop/disp32
+$subx-sigils:next-line:
+    # write-buffered(out, "\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  Newline/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # loop
+    e9/jump  $subx-sigils:line-loop/disp32
+$subx-sigils:break:
+    # flush(out)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+$subx-sigils:end:
+    # . reclaim locals
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x214/imm32       # add to esp
+    # . restore registers
+    5b/pop-to-ebx
+    5a/pop-to-edx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    58/pop-to-eax
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+$subx-sigils:error1:
+    # print(stderr, "error: '" eax "' only permitted within '*(...)' in '" line "'")
+    # . write-buffered(Stderr, "error: '")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "error: '"/imm32
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write-byte-buffered(Stderr, eax)
+    # . . push args
+    50/push-eax
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-byte-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write-buffered(Stderr, "' only permitted within '*(...)' in '")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "' only permitted within '*(...)' in '"/imm32
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write-stream-data(Stderr, line)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-stream-data/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write-buffered(Stderr, "'")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "'"/imm32
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . flush(Stderr)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . syscall(exit, 1)
+    bb/copy-to-ebx  1/imm32
+    e8/call  syscall_exit/disp32
+    # never gets here
+
+test-subx-sigils-passes-most-words-through:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream($_test-input-buffered-file->buffer)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  $_test-input-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream($_test-output-buffered-file->buffer)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  $_test-output-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # initialize input
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "== abcd 0x1")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "== abcd 0x1"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # subx-sigils(_test-input-buffered-file, _test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  subx-sigils/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check that the line just passed through
+    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # dump _test-output-stream {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # . check-stream-equal(_test-output-stream, "== abcd 0x1 \n", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-subx-sigils-passes-most-words-through"/imm32
+    68/push  "== abcd 0x1 \n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-stream-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-subx-sigils-direct-mode:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream($_test-input-buffered-file->buffer)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  $_test-input-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream($_test-output-buffered-file->buffer)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  $_test-output-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # initialize input
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "ab %ecx")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "ab %ecx"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # subx-sigils(_test-input-buffered-file, _test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  subx-sigils/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check that the line just passed through
+    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # dump _test-output-stream {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # . check-stream-equal(_test-output-stream, "ab 3/mod/direct 0x00000001/rm32 \n", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-subx-sigils-direct-mode"/imm32
+    68/push  "ab 3/mod/direct 0x00000001/rm32 \n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-stream-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-subx-sigils-direct-mode-with-metadata:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream($_test-input-buffered-file->buffer)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  $_test-input-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream($_test-output-buffered-file->buffer)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  $_test-output-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # initialize input
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "ab %ecx/foo")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "ab %ecx/foo"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # subx-sigils(_test-input-buffered-file, _test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  subx-sigils/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check that the line just passed through
+    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . check-stream-equal(_test-output-stream, "ab 3/mod/direct 0x00000001/rm32 \n", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-subx-sigils-direct-mode-with-metadata"/imm32
+    68/push  "ab 3/mod/direct 0x00000001/rm32 \n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-stream-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-subx-sigils-register-indirect-mode:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream($_test-input-buffered-file->buffer)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  $_test-input-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream($_test-output-buffered-file->buffer)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  $_test-output-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # initialize input
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "ab *ecx")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "ab *ecx"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # subx-sigils(_test-input-buffered-file, _test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  subx-sigils/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check that the line just passed through
+    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # dump _test-output-stream {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # . check-stream-equal(_test-output-stream, "ab 0/mod/indirect 0x00000001/rm32 \n", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-subx-sigils-register-indirect-mode"/imm32
+    68/push  "ab 0/mod/indirect 0x00000001/rm32 \n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-stream-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-subx-sigils-register-indirect-mode-with-metadata:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream($_test-input-buffered-file->buffer)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  $_test-input-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream($_test-output-buffered-file->buffer)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  $_test-output-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # initialize input
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "ab *ecx/foo")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "ab *ecx/foo"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # subx-sigils(_test-input-buffered-file, _test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  subx-sigils/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check that the line just passed through
+    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . check-stream-equal(_test-output-stream, "ab 0/mod/indirect 0x00000001/rm32 \n", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-subx-sigils-register-indirect-mode-with-metadata"/imm32
+    68/push  "ab 0/mod/indirect 0x00000001/rm32 \n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-stream-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-subx-sigils-register-indirect-mode-without-displacement:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream($_test-input-buffered-file->buffer)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  $_test-input-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream($_test-output-buffered-file->buffer)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  $_test-output-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # initialize input
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "ab *(ecx)")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "ab *(ecx)"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # subx-sigils(_test-input-buffered-file, _test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  subx-sigils/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check that the line just passed through
+    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # dump _test-output-stream {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # . check-stream-equal(_test-output-stream, "ab 0/mod/indirect 1/rm32 \n", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-subx-sigils-register-indirect-mode-without-displacement"/imm32
+    68/push  "ab 0/mod/indirect 0x00000001/rm32 \n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-stream-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-subx-sigils-register-indirect-mode-with-displacement:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream($_test-input-buffered-file->buffer)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  $_test-input-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream($_test-output-buffered-file->buffer)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  $_test-output-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # initialize input
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "ab *(ecx+4)")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "ab *(ecx+4)"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # subx-sigils(_test-input-buffered-file, _test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  subx-sigils/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check that the line just passed through
+    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # dump _test-output-stream {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # . check-stream-equal(_test-output-stream, "ab 2/mod/*+disp32 1/rm32 4/disp32 \n", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-subx-sigils-register-indirect-mode-with-displacement"/imm32
+    68/push  "ab 2/mod/*+disp32 0x00000001/rm32 0x00000004/disp32 \n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-stream-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+# boss level
+test-subx-sigils-register-indirect-mode-with-sib-byte:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream($_test-input-buffered-file->buffer)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  $_test-input-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream($_test-output-buffered-file->buffer)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  $_test-output-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # initialize input
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "ab *(ecx + edx<<3 + 4)")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "ab *(ecx + edx<<3 + 4)"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # subx-sigils(_test-input-buffered-file, _test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  subx-sigils/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check that the line just passed through
+    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # dump _test-output-stream {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # . check-stream-equal(_test-output-stream, "ab 2/mod/*+disp32 4/rm32/sib 1/base 2/index 3/scale 4/disp32 \n", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-subx-sigils-register-indirect-mode-with-sib-byte"/imm32
+    68/push  "ab 2/mod/*+disp32 4/rm32/sib 0x00000001/base 0x00000002/index 0x00000003/scale 0x00000004/disp32 \n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-stream-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-subx-sigils-register-indirect-mode-with-sib-byte-negative-displacement:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream($_test-input-buffered-file->buffer)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  $_test-input-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream($_test-output-buffered-file->buffer)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  $_test-output-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # initialize input
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "ab *(ecx + edx<<3 - 4)")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "ab *(ecx + edx<<3 - 4)"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # subx-sigils(_test-input-buffered-file, _test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  subx-sigils/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check that the line just passed through
+    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # dump _test-output-stream {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # . check-stream-equal(_test-output-stream, "ab 2/mod/*+disp32 4/rm32/sib 1/base 2/index 3/scale -4/disp32 \n", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-subx-sigils-register-indirect-mode-with-sib-byte-negative-displacement"/imm32
+    68/push  "ab 2/mod/*+disp32 4/rm32/sib 0x00000001/base 0x00000002/index 0x00000003/scale 0xfffffffc/disp32 \n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-stream-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-subx-sigils-indirect-mode-without-register:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream($_test-input-buffered-file->buffer)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  $_test-input-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream($_test-output-buffered-file->buffer)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  $_test-output-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # initialize input
+    # . write(_test-input-stream, "ab *Foo")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "ab *Foo"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # subx-sigils(_test-input-buffered-file, _test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  subx-sigils/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check that the line just passed through
+    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # dump _test-output-stream {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # . check-stream-equal(_test-output-stream, "ab 0/mod/indirect 5/rm32/.disp32 Foo/disp32 \n", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-subx-sigils-indirect-mode-without-register"/imm32
+    68/push  "ab 0/mod/indirect 5/rm32/.disp32 Foo/disp32 \n"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-stream-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+emit-direct-mode:  # out: (addr buffered-file), word-slice: (addr slice)
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    50/push-eax
+    # var local-slice/eax: slice = {word-slice->start, word-slice->end}
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to eax
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(eax+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to eax
+    # ++local-slice->start to skip '%'
+    # . ++(*eax)
+    ff          0/subop/increment   0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # increment *eax
+#?     # write-slice-buffered(Stderr, word-slice) {{{
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     50/push-eax
+#?     68/push  Stderr/imm32
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-slice-buffered/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . flush(Stderr)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  Stderr/imm32
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  flush/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # local-slice = next-token-from-slice(local-slice->start, local-slice->end, "/")
+    # . . push args
+    50/push-eax
+    68/push  0x2f/imm32/slash
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(eax+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-token-from-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x10/imm32        # add to esp
+    # reg-num/eax = get-slice(Registers, local-slice, row-size=12)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "Registers"/imm32
+    68/push  0xc/imm32/row-size
+    50/push-eax
+    68/push  Registers/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  get-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x10/imm32        # add to esp
+    # write-buffered(out, "3/mod/direct ")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "3/mod/direct "/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # write-int32-hex-buffered(out, *reg-num)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *eax
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-int32-hex-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # write-buffered(out, "/rm32")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "/rm32"/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+$emit-direct-mode:end:
+    # . reclaim locals
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . restore registers
+    58/pop-to-eax
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-emit-direct-mode:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream($_test-output-buffered-file->buffer)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  $_test-output-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # var slice/ecx = "%eax"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "%eax"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # . ecx = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # emit-direct-mode(_test-output-buffered-file, str)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  emit-direct-mode/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # dump output {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # check-stream-equal(_test-output-stream, "3/mod/direct 0/rm32", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-emit-direct-mode/0"/imm32
+    68/push  "3/mod/direct 0x00000000/rm32"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-stream-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-emit-direct-mode-2:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream($_test-output-buffered-file->buffer)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  $_test-output-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # var slice/ecx = "%edi"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "%edi"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # . ecx = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # emit-direct-mode(_test-output-buffered-file, str/ecx)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  emit-direct-mode/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # dump output {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # check-stream-equal(_test-output-stream, "3/mod/direct 7/rm32", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-emit-direct-mode/1"/imm32
+    68/push  "3/mod/direct 0x00000007/rm32"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-stream-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+# (re)compute the bounds of the next word or parenthetical expression in the line
+# return empty string on reaching end of file
+#
+# error messages considered:
+#   * ...                   -> error: no space after '*'
+#   *(...                   -> error: *(...) expression must be all on a single line
+next-word-or-expression:  # line: (addr stream byte), out: (addr slice)
+    # pseudocode:
+    #   skip-chars-matching(line, ' ')
+    #   if line->read >= line->write              # end of line
+    #     out = {0, 0}
+    #     return
+    #   out->start = &line->data[line->read]
+    #   if line->data[line->read] == '#'          # comment
+    #     out.end = &line->data[line->write]
+    #     return
+    #   if line->data[line->read] == '"'          # string literal
+    #     skip-string(line)
+    #   else if line->data[line->read] == '*'     # expression
+    #     if line->data[line->read + 1] == ' '
+    #       abort
+    #     if line->data[line->read + 1] == '('
+    #       skip-until-close-paren(line)
+    #       if (line->data[line->read] != ')'
+    #         abort
+    #       ++line->data[line->read] to skip ')'
+    #   skip-chars-not-matching-whitespace(line)
+    #   out->end = &line->data[line->read]
+    #
+    # registers:
+    #   ecx: often line->read
+    #   eax: often line->data[line->read]
+    #
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    50/push-eax
+    51/push-ecx
+    56/push-esi
+    57/push-edi
+    # esi = line
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to esi
+    # edi = out
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           7/r32/edi   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to edi
+    # skip-chars-matching(line, ' ')
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  0x20/imm32/space
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-matching/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+$next-word-or-expression:check0:
+    # if (line->read >= line->write) clear out and return
+    # . ecx = line->read
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+4) to ecx
+    # . if (ecx < line->write) goto next check
+    3b/compare                      0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # compare ecx with *esi
+    7c/jump-if-<  $next-word-or-expression:check-for-comment/disp8
+    # . return out = {0, 0}
+    c7          0/subop/copy        0/mod/direct    7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           .           .               0/imm32           # copy to *edi
+    c7          0/subop/copy        1/mod/*+disp8   7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         0/imm32           # copy to *(edi+4)
+    e9/jump  $next-word-or-expression:end/disp32
+$next-word-or-expression:check-for-comment:
+    # out->start = &line->data[line->read]
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  1/index/ecx   .           0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy esi+ecx+12 to eax
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to *edi
+    # if (line->data[line->read] != '#') goto next check
+    # . eax = line->data[line->read]
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # clear eax
+    8a/copy-byte                    1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  1/index/ecx   .           0/r32/AL    0xc/disp8       .                 # copy byte at *(esi+ecx+12) to AL
+    # . if (eax != '#') goto next check
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x23/imm32/pound
+    75/jump-if-!=  $next-word-or-expression:check-for-string-literal/disp8
+$next-word-or-expression:comment:
+    # out->end = &line->data[line->write]
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *esi to eax
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  0/index/eax   .           0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy esi+eax+12 to eax
+    89/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax to *(edi+4)
+    # line->read = line->write  # skip rest of line
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *esi to eax
+    89/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax to *(esi+4)
+    # return
+    eb/jump  $next-word-or-expression:end/disp8
+$next-word-or-expression:check-for-string-literal:
+    # if (line->data[line->read] != '"') goto next check
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x22/imm32/dquote
+    75/jump-if-!=  $next-word-or-expression:check-for-expression/disp8
+$next-word-or-expression:string-literal:
+    # skip-string(line)
+    # . . push args
+    56/push-esi
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-string/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # skip rest of word
+    eb/jump  $next-word-or-expression:regular-word/disp8
+$next-word-or-expression:check-for-expression:
+    # if (line->data[line->read] != '*') goto next check
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x2a/imm32/asterisk
+    75/jump-if-!=  $next-word-or-expression:regular-word/disp8
+    # if (line->data[line->read + 1] == ' ') goto error1
+    8a/copy-byte                    1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  1/index/ecx   .           0/r32/AL    0xd/disp8       .                 # copy byte at *(esi+ecx+12+1) to AL
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x20/imm32/space
+    74/jump-if-=  $next-word-or-expression:error1/disp8
+    # if (line->data[line->read + 1] != '(') goto regular word
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x28/imm32/open-paren
+    75/jump-if-!=  $next-word-or-expression:regular-word/disp8
+$next-word-or-expression:paren:
+    # skip-until-close-paren(line)
+    # . . push args
+    56/push-esi
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-until-close-paren/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # if (line->data[line->read] != ')') goto error2
+    # . eax = line->data[line->read]
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+4) to ecx
+    8a/copy-byte                    1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  1/index/ecx   .           0/r32/AL    0xc/disp8       .                 # copy byte at *(esi+ecx+12) to AL
+    # . if (eax != ')') goto error2
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x29/imm32/close-paren
+    75/jump-if-!=  $next-word-or-expression:error2/disp8
+    # skip ')'
+    ff          0/subop/increment   1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # increment *(esi+4)
+    # fall through
+$next-word-or-expression:regular-word:
+    # skip-chars-not-matching-whitespace(line)  # including trailing newline
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-not-matching-whitespace/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # out->end = &line->data[line->read]
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+4) to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    6/base/esi  1/index/ecx   .           0/r32/eax   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy esi+ecx+12 to eax
+    89/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax to *(edi+4)
+$next-word-or-expression:end:
+    # . restore registers
+    5f/pop-to-edi
+    5e/pop-to-esi
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    58/pop-to-eax
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+$next-word-or-expression:error1:
+    # print(stderr, "error: no space allowed after '*' in '" line "'")
+    # . write-buffered(Stderr, "error: no space allowed after '*' in '")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "error: no space allowed after '*' in '"/imm32
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write-stream-data(Stderr, line)
+    # . . push args
+    56/push-esi
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-stream-data/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write-buffered(Stderr, "'")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "'"/imm32
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . flush(Stderr)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . syscall(exit, 1)
+    bb/copy-to-ebx  1/imm32
+    e8/call  syscall_exit/disp32
+    # never gets here
+
+$next-word-or-expression:error2:
+    # print(stderr, "error: *(...) expression must be all on a single line in '" line "'")
+    # . write-buffered(Stderr, "error: *(...) expression must be all on a single line in '")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "error: *(...) expression must be all on a single line in '"/imm32
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write-stream-data(Stderr, line)
+    # . . push args
+    56/push-esi
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-stream-data/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write-buffered(Stderr, "'")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "'"/imm32
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . flush(Stderr)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . syscall(exit, 1)
+    bb/copy-to-ebx  1/imm32
+    e8/call  syscall_exit/disp32
+    # never gets here
+
+test-next-word-or-expression:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # var slice/ecx: slice
+    68/push  0/imm32/end
+    68/push  0/imm32/start
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # write(_test-input-stream, "  ab")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "  ab"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # next-word-or-expression(_test-input-stream, slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-word-or-expression/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(_test-input-stream->read, 4, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-word-or-expression/updates-stream-read-correctly"/imm32
+    68/push  4/imm32
+    b8/copy-to-eax  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(eax+4)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(slice->start - _test-input-stream->data, 2, msg)
+    # . check-ints-equal(slice->start - _test-input-stream, 14, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-word-or-expression: start"/imm32
+    68/push  0xe/imm32
+    # . . push slice->start - _test-input-stream
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *ecx to eax
+    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               _test-input-stream/imm32 # subtract from eax
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(slice->end - _test-input-stream->data, 4, msg)
+    # . check-ints-equal(slice->end - _test-input-stream, 16, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-word-or-expression: end"/imm32
+    68/push  0x10/imm32
+    # . . push slice->end - _test-input-stream
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(ecx+4) to eax
+    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               _test-input-stream/imm32 # subtract from eax
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-word-or-expression-returns-whole-comment:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # var slice/ecx: slice
+    68/push  0/imm32/end
+    68/push  0/imm32/start
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # write(_test-input-stream, "  # a")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "  # a"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # next-word-or-expression(_test-input-stream, slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-word-or-expression/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(_test-input-stream->read, 5, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-word-or-expression-returns-whole-comment/updates-stream-read-correctly"/imm32
+    68/push  5/imm32
+    b8/copy-to-eax  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(eax+4)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(slice->start - _test-input-stream->data, 2, msg)
+    # . check-ints-equal(slice->start - _test-input-stream, 14, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-word-or-expression-returns-whole-comment: start"/imm32
+    68/push  0xe/imm32
+    # . . push slice->start - _test-input-stream
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *ecx to eax
+    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               _test-input-stream/imm32 # subtract from eax
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(slice->end - _test-input-stream->data, 5, msg)
+    # . check-ints-equal(slice->end - _test-input-stream, 17, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-word-or-expression-returns-whole-comment: end"/imm32
+    68/push  0x11/imm32
+    # . . push slice->end - _test-input-stream
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(ecx+4) to eax
+    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               _test-input-stream/imm32 # subtract from eax
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-word-or-expression-returns-empty-slice-on-eof:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # var slice/ecx: slice
+    68/push  0/imm32/end
+    68/push  0/imm32/start
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # write nothing to _test-input-stream
+    # next-word-or-expression(_test-input-stream, slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-word-or-expression/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(slice->end - slice->start, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-word-or-expression-returns-empty-expression-on-eof"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    # . . push slice->end - slice->start
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(ecx+4) to eax
+    2b/subtract                     0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # subtract *ecx from eax
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-word-or-expression-returns-string-literal:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # var slice/ecx: slice
+    68/push  0/imm32/end
+    68/push  0/imm32/start
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # write(_test-input-stream, " \"a b\"/imm32 ")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  " \"a b\"/imm32 "/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # next-word-or-expression(_test-input-stream, slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-word-or-expression/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(slice->start - _test-input-stream->data, 1, msg)
+    # . check-ints-equal(slice->start - _test-input-stream, 13, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-word-or-expression-returns-string-literal: start"/imm32
+    68/push  0xd/imm32
+    # . . push slice->start - _test-input-stream
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *ecx to eax
+    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               _test-input-stream/imm32 # subtract from eax
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(slice->end - _test-input-stream->data, 12, msg)
+    # . check-ints-equal(slice->end - _test-input-stream, 24, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-word-or-expression-returns-string-literal: end"/imm32
+    68/push  0x18/imm32
+    # . . push slice->end - _test-input-stream
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(ecx+4) to eax
+    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               _test-input-stream/imm32 # subtract from eax
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-word-or-expression-returns-string-with-escapes:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # var slice/ecx: slice
+    68/push  0/imm32/end
+    68/push  0/imm32/start
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # write(_test-input-stream, " \"a\\\"b\"/x")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  " \"a\\\"b\"/x"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # next-word-or-expression(_test-input-stream, slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-word-or-expression/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(slice->start - _test-input-stream->data, 1, msg)
+    # . check-ints-equal(slice->start - _test-input-stream, 13, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-word-or-expression-returns-string-with-escapes: start"/imm32
+    68/push  0xd/imm32
+    # . . push slice->start - _test-input-stream
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *ecx to eax
+    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               _test-input-stream/imm32 # subtract from eax
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(slice->end - _test-input-stream->data, 9, msg)
+    # . check-ints-equal(slice->end - _test-input-stream, 21, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-word-or-expression-returns-string-with-escapes: end"/imm32
+    68/push  0x15/imm32
+    # . . push slice->end - _test-input-stream
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(ecx+4) to eax
+    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               _test-input-stream/imm32 # subtract from eax
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-word-or-expression-returns-whole-expression:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-input-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # var slice/ecx: slice
+    68/push  0/imm32/end
+    68/push  0/imm32/start
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # write(_test-input-stream, " *(a b)/imm32 ")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  " *(a b)/imm32 "/imm32
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # next-word-or-expression(_test-input-stream, slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    68/push  _test-input-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-word-or-expression/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(slice->start - _test-input-stream->data, 1, msg)
+    # . check-ints-equal(slice->start - _test-input-stream, 13, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-word-or-expression-returns-whole-expression: start"/imm32
+    68/push  0xd/imm32
+    # . . push slice->start - _test-input-stream
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *ecx to eax
+    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               _test-input-stream/imm32 # subtract from eax
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(slice->end - _test-input-stream->data, 13, msg)
+    # . check-ints-equal(slice->end - _test-input-stream, 25, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-word-or-expression-returns-whole-expression: end"/imm32
+    68/push  0x19/imm32
+    # . . push slice->end - _test-input-stream
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(ecx+4) to eax
+    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               _test-input-stream/imm32 # subtract from eax
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+# Grammar:
+#   *reg                    -> 0/mod reg/rm32
+#   *(reg)                  -> 0/mod reg/rm32
+#   *(reg+disp)             -> 2/mod reg/rm32 disp/disp32
+#   *(reg1+reg2<<s)         -> 2/mod 4/rm32 reg1/base reg2/index s/scale 0/disp32
+#   *(reg1+reg2<<s+disp)    -> 2/mod 4/rm32 reg1/base reg2/index s/scale disp/disp32
+# Intermediate structure: base, index, scale, disp
+# Default values: base: 0, index: 4 (none), scale: 0, disp: 0
+parse-effective-address:  # word-slice: (addr slice) -> base/eax, index/ecx, scale/edx, disp/ebx
+    # pseudocode:
+    #   var local-slice = {word-slice->start, word-slice->end}
+    #   ++local-slice->start to skip '*'
+    #   initialize defaults: base=0, index=4, scale=0, disp=0
+    #   if (*local-slice->start != '(') {
+    #     local-slice = next-token-from-slice(local-slice->start, local-slice->end, "/")
+    #     base = get-slice(Registers, local-slice, row-size=12)
+    #     return
+    #   }
+    #   # compound expressions
+    #   skip whitespace
+    #   read register into base
+    #   skip whitespace
+    #   if (*local-slice->start == ')') goto end
+    #   if (*local-slice->start == '-') goto displacement
+    #   if (*local-slice->start != '+') goto error1
+    #   ++local-slice->start to skip '+'
+    #   skip whitespace
+    #   if next 3 characters don't make a register, goto displacement
+    #   read register into index
+    #   skip whitespace
+    #   if (*local-slice->start == ')') goto end
+    #   if (*local-slice->start == '<') {
+    #     ++local-slice->start to skip '<'
+    #     if (*local-slice->start != '<') goto error2
+    #     ++local-slice->start to skip '<'
+    #     skip whitespace
+    #     read integer into scale
+    #     skip whitespace
+    #     if (*local-slice->start == ')') goto end
+    #   }
+    #   if (*local-slice->start not in '+' '-') goto error3
+    # displacement:
+    #   read integer into disp
+    #   skip whitespace
+    #   if (*local-slice->start != ')') goto error4
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    56/push-esi
+    57/push-edi
+    # var local-slice/esi: slice = {word-slice->start, word-slice->end}
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to esi
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(esi+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *esi
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to esi
+    # ++local-slice->start to skip '*'
+    ff          0/subop/increment   0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # increment *esi
+    # initialize defaults
+    # base is in edi; we'll move it to eax just before we return
+    bf/copy-to-edi  0/imm32
+    b9/copy-to-ecx  4/imm32/no-index
+    ba/copy-to-edx  0/imm32/.scale
+    bb/copy-to-ebx  0/imm32/disp
+$parse-effective-address:check-for-simple-register:
+    # if (*local-slice->start == '(') goto compound expression
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *esi to eax
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *eax to AL
+    81          4/subop/and         3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               0xff/imm32        # bitwise and of eax
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x28/imm32/open-paren
+    74/jump-if-=  $parse-effective-address:compound-expression/disp8
+$parse-effective-address:simple-register:
+    # local-slice = next-token-from-slice(local-slice->start, local-slice->end, "/")
+    # . . push args
+    56/push-esi
+    68/push  0x2f/imm32/slash
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(esi+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *esi
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-token-from-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x10/imm32        # add to esp
+    # base = get-slice(Registers, local-slice, row-size=12)
+    # . eax = get-slice(Registers, local-slice, row-size=12)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "Registers"/imm32
+    68/push  0xc/imm32/row-size
+    56/push-esi
+    68/push  Registers/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  get-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x10/imm32        # add to esp
+    # . base = *eax
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           7/r32/edi   .               .                 # copy *eax to edi
+    # return
+    e9/jump  $parse-effective-address:end/disp32
+$parse-effective-address:compound-expression:
+    # ++local-slice->start to skip '('
+    ff          0/subop/increment   0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # increment *esi
+    # skip whitespace
+    # . eax = skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice(local-slice->start, local-slice->end)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(esi+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *esi
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . local-slice->start = eax
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to *esi
+    # read register into base
+    # . eax = next-register(local-slice)
+    # . . push args
+    56/push-esi
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-register/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . edi = *eax
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           7/r32/edi   .               .                 # copy *eax to edi
+    # skip whitespace
+    # . eax = skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice(local-slice->start, local-slice->end)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(esi+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *esi
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . local-slice->start = eax
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to *esi
+    # if (*local-slice->start == ')') goto end
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *eax to AL
+    81          4/subop/and         3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               0xff/imm32        # bitwise and of eax
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x29/imm32/close-paren
+    0f 84/jump-if-=  $parse-effective-address:end/disp32
+    # if (*local-slice->start == '-') goto displacement
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x2d/imm32/minus
+    0f 84/jump-if-=  $parse-effective-address:displacement/disp32
+    # if (*local-slice->start != '+') goto error1
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x2b/imm32/plus
+    0f 85/jump-if-!=  $parse-effective-address:error1/disp32
+$parse-effective-address:check-for-index:
+    # ++local-slice->start to skip '+'
+    ff          0/subop/increment   0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # increment *esi
+    # skip whitespace
+    # . eax = skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice(local-slice->start, local-slice->end)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(esi+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *esi
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . local-slice->start = eax
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to *esi
+$parse-effective-address:resolve-ambiguity:
+    # if next 3 characters don't make a register, goto displacement
+    # . spill ecx
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . var tmp/ecx = {local-slice->start, local-slice->start+3}
+    # . . ecx = local-slice->start
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to ecx
+    # . . eax = local-slice->start+3
+    05/add-to-eax  3/imm32
+    # . . push
+    50/push-eax
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . copy esp to ecx
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # . eax = maybe-get-slice(Register, tmp, row-size=12)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  0xc/imm32/row-size
+    51/push-ecx
+    68/push  Registers/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  maybe-get-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . reclaim tmp
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . restore ecx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    # . if (eax == 0) goto displacement
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32
+    0f 84/jump-if-=  $parse-effective-address:displacement/disp32
+$parse-effective-address:index:
+    # read register into index
+    # . eax = next-register(local-slice)
+    # . . push args
+    56/push-esi
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-register/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . ecx = *eax
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    # skip whitespace
+    # . eax = skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice(local-slice->start, local-slice->end)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(esi+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *esi
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . local-slice->start = eax
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to *esi
+    # if (*local-slice->start == ')') goto end
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *eax to AL
+    81          4/subop/and         3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               0xff/imm32        # bitwise and of eax
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x29/imm32/close-paren
+    0f 84/jump-if-=  $parse-effective-address:end/disp32
+$parse-effective-address:check-for-scale:
+    # if (*local-slice->start != '<') goto next check
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x3c/imm32/less-than
+    75/jump-if-!=  $parse-effective-address:check-for-displacement/disp8
+    # ++local-slice->start to skip '<'
+    ff          0/subop/increment   0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # increment *esi
+    # if (*local-slice->start != '<') goto error2
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *esi to eax
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *eax to AL
+    81          4/subop/and         3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               0xff/imm32        # bitwise and of eax
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x3c/imm32/less-than
+    0f 85/jump-if-!=  $parse-effective-address:error2/disp32
+    # ++local-slice->start to skip '<'
+    ff          0/subop/increment   0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # increment *esi
+    # skip whitespace
+    # . eax = skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice(local-slice->start, local-slice->end)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(esi+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *esi
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . local-slice->start = eax
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to *esi
+$parse-effective-address:scale:
+    # read positive integer into scale
+    # . eax = next-positive-hex-int(local-slice)
+    # . . push args
+    56/push-esi
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-positive-hex-int/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . edx = eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    2/rm32/edx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to edx
+    # skip whitespace
+    # . eax = skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice(local-slice->start, local-slice->end)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(esi+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *esi
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . local-slice->start = eax
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to *esi
+    # if (*local-slice->start == ')') goto end
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *eax to AL
+    81          4/subop/and         3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               0xff/imm32        # bitwise and of eax
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x29/imm32/close-paren
+    74/jump-if-=  $parse-effective-address:end/disp8
+$parse-effective-address:check-for-displacement:
+    # if (*local-slice->start not in '+' '-') goto error3
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x2b/imm32/plus
+    74/jump-if-=  $parse-effective-address:displacement/disp8
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x2d/imm32/minus
+    74/jump-if-=  $parse-effective-address:displacement/disp8
+    e9/jump  $parse-effective-address:error3/disp32
+$parse-effective-address:displacement:
+    # read integer into disp
+    # . eax = next-hex-int(local-slice)
+    # . . push args
+    56/push-esi
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-hex-int/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . ebx = eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to ebx
+    # skip whitespace
+    # . eax = skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice(local-slice->start, local-slice->end)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(esi+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *esi
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . local-slice->start = eax
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to *esi
+    # if (*local-slice->start != ')') goto error4
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *eax to AL
+    81          4/subop/and         3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               0xff/imm32        # bitwise and of eax
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x29/imm32/close-paren
+    0f 85/jump-if-!=  $parse-effective-address:error4/disp32
+$parse-effective-address:end:
+    # return base in eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           7/r32/edi   .               .                 # copy edi to eax
+    # . reclaim locals
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . restore registers
+    5f/pop-to-edi
+    5e/pop-to-esi
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+$parse-effective-address:error1:
+    # print(stderr, "error: unexpected character: " eax "\n")
+    # . write-buffered(Stderr, "error: unexpected character: ")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "error: unexpected character: "/imm32
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write-int32-hex-buffered(out, eax)
+    # . . push args
+    50/push-eax
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-int32-hex-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write-buffered(Stderr, "\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  Newline/imm32
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . flush(Stderr)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . syscall(exit, 1)
+    bb/copy-to-ebx  1/imm32
+    e8/call  syscall_exit/disp32
+    # never gets here
+
+$parse-effective-address:error2:
+    # print(stderr, "error: '<' can only be followed by '<' but got: " eax "\n")
+    # . write-buffered(Stderr, "error: '<' can only be followed by '<' but got: ")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "error: '<' can only be followed by '<' but got: "/imm32
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write-int32-hex-buffered(out, eax)
+    # . . push args
+    50/push-eax
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-int32-hex-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write-buffered(Stderr, "\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  Newline/imm32
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . flush(Stderr)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . syscall(exit, 1)
+    bb/copy-to-ebx  1/imm32
+    e8/call  syscall_exit/disp32
+    # never gets here
+
+$parse-effective-address:error3:
+    # print(stderr, "error: unexpected character before displacement: " eax "\n")
+    # . write-buffered(Stderr, "error: unexpected character before displacement: ")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "error: unexpected character before displacement: "/imm32
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write-int32-hex-buffered(out, eax)
+    # . . push args
+    50/push-eax
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-int32-hex-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write-buffered(Stderr, "\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  Newline/imm32
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . flush(Stderr)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . syscall(exit, 1)
+    bb/copy-to-ebx  1/imm32
+    e8/call  syscall_exit/disp32
+    # never gets here
+
+$parse-effective-address:error4:
+    # print(stderr, "error: unexpected character after displacement: " eax "; expected ')' to wrap up\n")
+    # . write-buffered(Stderr, "error: unexpected character after displacement: ")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "error: unexpected character after displacement: "/imm32
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write-int32-hex-buffered(out, eax)
+    # . . push args
+    50/push-eax
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-int32-hex-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write-buffered(Stderr, "; expected ')' to wrap up\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "; expected ')' to wrap up\n"/imm32
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . flush(Stderr)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . syscall(exit, 1)
+    bb/copy-to-ebx  1/imm32
+    e8/call  syscall_exit/disp32
+    # never gets here
+
+# assumes 'in' starts with a register name, and returns pointer to its code
+# side-effect: modifies 'in' to scan past the initial register name
+next-register:  # in: (addr slice) -> reg/eax: int
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    51/push-ecx
+    56/push-esi
+    # esi = in
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to esi
+    # var reg-slice/ecx: slice = {in->start, in->start + 3}
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *esi to eax
+    05/add-to-eax  3/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *esi
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # in->start += 3
+    81          0/subop/add         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               3/imm32           # add to *esi
+    # eax = get-slice(Registers, reg-slice, row-size=12)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "next-register"/imm32
+    68/push  0xc/imm32/row-size
+    51/push-ecx
+    68/push  Registers/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  get-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x10/imm32        # add to esp
+$next-register:end:
+    # . reclaim locals
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . restore registers
+    5e/pop-to-esi
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-parse-effective-address-simple:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # var slice/ecx = "*esi"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "*esi"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # . ecx = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # eax, ecx, edx, ebx = parse-effective-address(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  parse-effective-address/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # slice clobbered beyond this point
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 6, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-simple/base"/imm32
+    68/push  6/imm32/esi
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(ecx, 4, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-simple/index"/imm32
+    68/push  4/imm32/none
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(edx, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-simple/scale"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32/none
+    52/push-edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(ebx, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-simple/displacement"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32/none
+    53/push-ebx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-parse-effective-address-base:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # var slice/ecx = "*(esi  )"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "*(esi  )"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # . ecx = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # eax, ecx, edx, ebx = parse-effective-address(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  parse-effective-address/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # slice clobbered beyond this point
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 6, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base/base"/imm32
+    68/push  6/imm32/esi
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(ecx, 4, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base/index"/imm32
+    68/push  4/imm32/none
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(edx, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base/scale"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32/none
+    52/push-edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(ebx, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base/displacement"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32/none
+    53/push-ebx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-parse-effective-address-base-displacement:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # var slice/ecx = "*(esi+3)"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "*(esi+3)"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # . ecx = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # eax, ecx, edx, ebx = parse-effective-address(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  parse-effective-address/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # slice clobbered beyond this point
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 6, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-displacement/base"/imm32
+    68/push  6/imm32/esi
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(ecx, 4, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-displacement/index"/imm32
+    68/push  4/imm32/none
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(edx, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-displacement/scale"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32/none
+    52/push-edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(ebx, 3, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-displacement/displacement"/imm32
+    68/push  3/imm32
+    53/push-ebx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-parse-effective-address-base-negative-displacement:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # var slice/ecx = "*(esi-3)"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "*(esi-3)"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # . ecx = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # eax, ecx, edx, ebx = parse-effective-address(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  parse-effective-address/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # slice clobbered beyond this point
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 6, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-negative-displacement/base"/imm32
+    68/push  6/imm32/esi
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(ecx, 4, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-negative-displacement/index"/imm32
+    68/push  4/imm32/none
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(edx, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-negative-displacement/scale"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32/none
+    52/push-edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(ebx, -3, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-negative-displacement/displacement"/imm32
+    68/push  -3/imm32
+    53/push-ebx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-parse-effective-address-base-index:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # var slice/ecx = "*(esi+ecx)"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "*(esi+ecx)"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # . ecx = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # eax, ecx, edx, ebx = parse-effective-address(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  parse-effective-address/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # slice clobbered beyond this point
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 6, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-index/base"/imm32
+    68/push  6/imm32/esi
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(ecx, 1, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-index/index"/imm32
+    68/push  1/imm32/none
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(edx, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-index/scale"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32/none
+    52/push-edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(ebx, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-index/displacement"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    53/push-ebx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-parse-effective-address-base-index-scale:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # var slice/ecx = "*(esi+ecx<<2)"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "*(esi+ecx<<2)"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # . ecx = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # eax, ecx, edx, ebx = parse-effective-address(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  parse-effective-address/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # slice clobbered beyond this point
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 6, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-index-scale/base"/imm32
+    68/push  6/imm32/esi
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(ecx, 1, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-index-scale/index"/imm32
+    68/push  1/imm32/none
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(edx, 2, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-index-scale/scale"/imm32
+    68/push  2/imm32
+    52/push-edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(ebx, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-index-scale/displacement"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    53/push-ebx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-parse-effective-address-base-index-scale-displacement:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # var slice/ecx = "*(esi + ecx<<2 - 0x34)"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "*(esi + ecx<<2 - 0x34)"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # . ecx = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # eax, ecx, edx, ebx = parse-effective-address(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  parse-effective-address/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # slice clobbered beyond this point
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 6, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-index-scale/base"/imm32
+    68/push  6/imm32/esi
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(ecx, 1, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-index-scale/index"/imm32
+    68/push  1/imm32/none
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(edx, 2, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-index-scale/scale"/imm32
+    68/push  2/imm32
+    52/push-edx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(ebx, -0x34, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-parse-effective-address-base-index-scale/displacement"/imm32
+    68/push  -0x34/imm32
+    53/push-ebx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+# Code generation:
+#   if base is esp, then goto emit-sib
+#   if base is ebp, then goto emit-sib
+#   if index is none and disp is 0, then mod = 0 and rm32 = base
+#   if index is none, then mod = 2 and rm32 = base and disp32 = disp
+# emit-sib:
+#   if index is not none, then mod = 2 and rm32 = 4 and base = base and index = index and disp32 = disp
+emit-indirect-mode:  # out: (addr buffered-file), base: int, index: int, scale: int, disp: int
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+$emit-indirect-mode:check-for-ebp:
+    # if (base == 5) goto emit-sib
+    81          7/subop/compare     1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       5/imm32           # compare *(ebp+12)
+    74/jump-if-=  $emit-indirect-mode:emit-sib/disp8
+$emit-indirect-mode:check-for-esp:
+    # if (base == 4) goto emit-sib
+    81          7/subop/compare     1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       4/imm32           # compare *(ebp+12)
+    74/jump-if-=  $emit-indirect-mode:emit-sib/disp8
+$emit-indirect-mode:check-for-sib:
+    # if (index == 4/none) goto next check
+    81          7/subop/compare     1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x10/disp8      4/imm32           # compare *(ebp+16)
+    0f 84/jump-if-=  $emit-indirect-mode:check-for-disp/disp32
+$emit-indirect-mode:emit-sib:
+    # emit(out, "2/mod/indirect 4/rm32/sib " base "/base " index "/index " scale "/scale " disp "/disp32")
+    # . write-buffered(out, "2/mod/*+disp32 4/rm32/sib ")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "2/mod/*+disp32 4/rm32/sib "/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write-int32-hex-buffered(out, base)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-int32-hex-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write-buffered(out, "/base ")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "/base "/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write-int32-hex-buffered(out, index)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x10/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+16)
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-int32-hex-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write-buffered(out, "/index ")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "/index "/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write-int32-hex-buffered(out, scale)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x14/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+20)
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-int32-hex-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write-buffered(out, "/scale ")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "/scale "/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write-int32-hex-buffered(out, disp)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x18/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+24)
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-int32-hex-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write-buffered(out, "/disp32")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "/disp32"/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    e9/jump  $emit-indirect-mode:end/disp32
+$emit-indirect-mode:check-for-disp:
+    # if (disp == 0) goto next check
+    81          7/subop/compare     1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x18/disp8      0/imm32           # compare *(ebp+24)
+    74/jump-if-=  $emit-indirect-mode:emit-indirect/disp8
+$emit-indirect-mode:emit-disp:
+    # emit(out, "2/mod/*+disp32 " base "/rm32 " disp "/disp32")
+    # . write-buffered(out, "2/mod/*+disp32 ")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "2/mod/*+disp32 "/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write-int32-hex-buffered(out, base)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-int32-hex-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write-buffered(out, "/rm32 ")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "/rm32 "/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write-int32-hex-buffered(out, disp)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0x18/disp8      .                 # push *(ebp+24)
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-int32-hex-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write-buffered(out, "/disp32")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "/disp32"/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    eb/jump  $emit-indirect-mode:end/disp8
+$emit-indirect-mode:emit-indirect:
+    # emit(out, "0/mod/indirect " base "/rm32")
+    # . write-buffered(out, "0/mod/indirect ")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "0/mod/indirect "/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write-int32-hex-buffered(out, base)
+    # . . push args
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0xc/disp8       .                 # push *(ebp+12)
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-int32-hex-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . write-buffered(out, "/rm32")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "/rm32"/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+$emit-indirect-mode:end:
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-emit-indirect-mode:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream($_test-output-buffered-file->buffer)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  $_test-output-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # emit-indirect-mode(_test-output-buffered-file, 0, 4/none, 0, 0)
+    # . . write args
+    68/push  0/imm32/.disp
+    68/push  0/imm32/.scale
+    68/push  4/imm32/.index/none
+    68/push  0/imm32/.base
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  emit-indirect-mode/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to esp
+    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # dump output {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # check-stream-equal(_test-output-stream, "0/mod/indirect 0/rm32", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-emit-indirect-mode"/imm32
+    68/push  "0/mod/indirect 0x00000000/rm32"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-stream-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-emit-indirect-mode-2:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream($_test-output-buffered-file->buffer)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  $_test-output-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # emit-indirect-mode(_test-output-buffered-file, 6, 4/none, 0, 0)
+    # . . write args
+    68/push  0/imm32/.disp
+    68/push  0/imm32/.scale
+    68/push  4/imm32/.index/none
+    68/push  7/imm32/.base
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  emit-indirect-mode/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to esp
+    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # dump output {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # check-stream-equal(_test-output-stream, "0/mod/indirect 7/rm32", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-emit-indirect-mode-2"/imm32
+    68/push  "0/mod/indirect 0x00000007/rm32"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-stream-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-emit-indirect-mode-with-disp:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream($_test-output-buffered-file->buffer)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  $_test-output-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # emit-indirect-mode(_test-output-buffered-file, 6, 4/none, 0, 4)
+    # . . write args
+    68/push  4/imm32/.disp
+    68/push  0/imm32/.scale
+    68/push  4/imm32/.index/none
+    68/push  6/imm32/.base
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  emit-indirect-mode/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to esp
+    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # dump output {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # check-stream-equal(_test-output-stream, "2/mod/*+disp32 6/rm32 4/disp32", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-emit-indirect-mode-with-disp"/imm32
+    68/push  "2/mod/*+disp32 0x00000006/rm32 0x00000004/disp32"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-stream-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-emit-indirect-mode-with-disp-negative:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream($_test-output-buffered-file->buffer)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  $_test-output-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # emit-indirect-mode(_test-output-buffered-file, 6, 4/none, 0, -4)
+    # . . write args
+    68/push  -4/imm32/.disp
+    68/push  0/imm32/.scale
+    68/push  4/imm32/.index/none
+    68/push  6/imm32/.base
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  emit-indirect-mode/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to esp
+    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # dump output {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # check-stream-equal(_test-output-stream, "2/mod/*+disp32 6/rm32 -4/disp32", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-emit-indirect-mode-with-disp"/imm32
+    68/push  "2/mod/*+disp32 0x00000006/rm32 0xfffffffc/disp32"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-stream-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-emit-indirect-mode-with-sib:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream($_test-output-buffered-file->buffer)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  $_test-output-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # emit-indirect-mode(_test-output-buffered-file, 6/base, 1/index, 2/scale, 4/disp)
+    # . . write args
+    68/push  4/imm32/.disp
+    68/push  2/imm32/.scale
+    68/push  1/imm32/.index
+    68/push  6/imm32/.base
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  emit-indirect-mode/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to esp
+    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # dump output {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # check-stream-equal(_test-output-stream, "2/mod/indirect 4/rm32/sib 6/base 1/index 2/scale 4/disp", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-emit-indirect-mode-with-sib"/imm32
+    68/push  "2/mod/*+disp32 4/rm32/sib 0x00000006/base 0x00000001/index 0x00000002/scale 0x00000004/disp32"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-stream-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-emit-indirect-mode-ebp:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream($_test-output-buffered-file->buffer)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  $_test-output-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # emit-indirect-mode(_test-output-buffered-file, 5/base, 0/index, 0/scale, 0/disp)
+    # . . write args
+    68/push  0/imm32/.disp
+    68/push  0/imm32/.scale
+    68/push  0/imm32/.index
+    68/push  5/imm32/.base/ebp
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  emit-indirect-mode/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to esp
+    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # dump output {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # check-stream-equal(_test-output-stream, "2/mod/*+disp32 4/rm32/sib 5/base/ebp 0/index 0/scale 0/disp32", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-emit-indirect-mode-ebp"/imm32
+    68/push  "2/mod/*+disp32 4/rm32/sib 0x00000005/base 0x00000000/index 0x00000000/scale 0x00000000/disp32"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-stream-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-emit-indirect-mode-esp:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # setup
+    # . clear-stream(_test-output-stream)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream($_test-output-buffered-file->buffer)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  $_test-output-buffered-file->buffer/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # emit-indirect-mode(_test-output-buffered-file, 4/base, 0/index, 0/scale, 0/disp)
+    # . . write args
+    68/push  0/imm32/.disp
+    68/push  0/imm32/.scale
+    68/push  0/imm32/.index
+    68/push  4/imm32/.base/esp
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  emit-indirect-mode/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x14/imm32        # add to esp
+    # . flush(_test-output-buffered-file)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  _test-output-buffered-file/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # dump output {{{
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "^")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "^"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write-stream(2/stderr, _test-output-stream)
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write-stream/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # . write(2/stderr, "$\n")
+#?     # . . push args
+#?     68/push  "$\n"/imm32
+#?     68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+#?     # . . call
+#?     e8/call  write/disp32
+#?     # . . discard args
+#?     81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+#?     # }}}
+    # check-stream-equal(_test-output-stream, "2/mod/*+disp32 4/rm32/sib 4/base/ebp 0/index 0/scale 0/disp32", msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-emit-indirect-mode-esp"/imm32
+    68/push  "2/mod/*+disp32 4/rm32/sib 0x00000004/base 0x00000000/index 0x00000000/scale 0x00000000/disp32"/imm32
+    68/push  _test-output-stream/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-stream-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+disp32-mode?:  # in: (addr slice) -> reg/eax: boolean
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    56/push-esi
+    57/push-edi
+    # var local-slice/esi: slice = {in->start, in->end}
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to esi
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(esi+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *esi
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to esi
+    # ++local-slice->start to skip '*'
+    ff          0/subop/increment   0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # increment *esi
+    # if (*local-slice->start == '(') return false
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy *esi to eax
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *eax to AL
+    81          4/subop/and         3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           .           .               0xff/imm32        # bitwise and of eax
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x28/imm32/open-paren
+    74/jump-if-=  $disp32-mode?:false/disp8
+$disp32-mode?:check-for-register:
+    # local-slice = next-token-from-slice(local-slice->start, local-slice->end, "/")
+    # . . push args
+    56/push-esi
+    68/push  0x2f/imm32/slash
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(esi+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *esi
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-token-from-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0x10/imm32        # add to esp
+    # reg-num/eax = maybe-get-slice(Registers, local-slice, row-size=12)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  0xc/imm32/row-size
+    56/push-esi
+    68/push  Registers/imm32
+    # . . cal
+    e8/call  maybe-get-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # if (eax != 0) return false
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32
+    75/jump-if-!=  $disp32-mode?:false/disp8
+    # return true
+    b8/copy-to-eax  1/imm32/true
+    eb/jump  $disp32-mode?:end/disp8
+$disp32-mode?:false:
+    b8/copy-to-eax  0/imm32/false
+$disp32-mode?:end:
+    # . reclaim locals
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . restore registers
+    5f/pop-to-edi
+    5e/pop-to-esi
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+emit-indirect-disp32:  # out: (addr buffered-file), word-slice: (addr slice)
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    56/push-esi
+    # var local-slice/esi: slice = {in->start, in->end}
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   0xc/disp8       .                 # copy *(ebp+12) to esi
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           4/disp8         .                 # push *(esi+4)
+    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # push *esi
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to esi
+    # ++local-slice->start to skip '*'
+    ff          0/subop/increment   0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # increment *esi
+    # write-buffered(out, "0/mod/indirect 5/rm32/.disp32 ")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "0/mod/indirect 5/rm32/.disp32 "/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # write-slice-buffered(out, local-slice)
+    # . . push args
+    56/push-esi
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-slice-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # write-buffered(out, "/disp32")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "/disp32"/imm32
+    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+$emit-indirect-disp32:end:
+    # . reclaim locals
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . restore registers
+    5e/pop-to-esi
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+# assumes 'in' starts with optional '+' or '-', optional whitespace, and an unsigned integer
+# returns the value of the integer
+# side-effect: modifies 'in' to skip past the integer
+next-hex-int:  # in: (addr slice) -> result/eax
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    51/push-ecx
+    52/push-edx
+    53/push-ebx
+    56/push-esi
+    57/push-edi
+    # result/edi = 0
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           7/r32/edi   .               .                 # clear edi
+    # esi = in
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to esi
+    # edx = in->end
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+4) to edx
+    # curr/ecx = in->start
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *esi to ecx
+    # negate?/ebx = false
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # clear ebx
+    # eax = *curr
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # clear eax
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *ecx to AL
+$next-hex-int:positive:
+    # if (*curr == '+') ++curr
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x2b/imm32/+
+    75/jump-if-!=  $next-hex-int:negative/disp8
+    # . ++curr
+    41/increment-ecx
+    eb/jump  $next-hex-int:skip-whitespace/disp8
+$next-hex-int:negative:
+    # else if (*curr == '-') ++curr, negate = true
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x2d/imm32/-
+    75/jump-if-!=  $next-hex-int:skip-whitespace/disp8
+$next-hex-int:need-to-negate:
+    # . ++curr
+    41/increment-ecx
+    # . negate = true
+    bb/copy-to-ebx  1/imm32/true
+    # fall through
+$next-hex-int:skip-whitespace:
+    # spill eax
+    50/push-eax
+    # eax = skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice(word-slice->start, word-slice->end)
+    # . . push args
+    52/push-edx
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  skip-chars-matching-whitespace-in-slice/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # ecx = eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to ecx
+    # restore eax
+    58/pop-to-eax
+$next-hex-int:initial-0:
+    # skip past leading '0x'
+    # . if (*curr != '0') jump to loop
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *ecx to AL
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x30/imm32/0
+    75/jump-if-!=  $next-hex-int:loop/disp8
+    # . ++curr
+    41/increment-ecx
+$next-hex-int:initial-0x:
+    # . if (curr >= in->end) return result
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare ecx with edx
+    73/jump-if-addr>=  $next-hex-int:end/disp8
+    # . if (*curr != 'x') jump to loop  # the previous '0' is still valid so doesn't need to be checked again
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # clear eax
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *ecx to AL
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x78/imm32/x
+    75/jump-if-!=  $next-hex-int:loop/disp8
+    # . ++curr
+    41/increment-ecx
+$next-hex-int:loop:
+    # if (curr >= in->end) break
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare ecx with edx
+    73/jump-if-addr>=  $next-hex-int:break/disp8
+    # if (!is-hex-digit?(*curr)) break
+    # . eax = *curr
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *ecx to AL
+    # . eax = is-hex-digit?(*curr)
+    # . . push args
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  is-hex-digit?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . if (eax == false) break
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
+    74/jump-if-=  $next-hex-int:break/disp8
+    # eax = from-hex-char(*curr)
+    # . . copy arg to eax
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *ecx to AL
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  from-hex-char/disp32
+    # result = result * 16 + eax
+    c1/shift    4/subop/left        3/mod/direct    7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm8            # shift edi left by 4 bits
+    01/add                          3/mod/direct    7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # add eax to edi
+    # ++curr
+    41/increment-ecx
+    # loop
+    eb/jump  $next-hex-int:loop/disp8
+$next-hex-int:break:
+    # if (negate?) result = -result
+    81          7/subop/compare     3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           .           .               0/imm32/false     # compare ebx
+    74/jump-if-=  $next-hex-int:end/disp8
+$next-hex-int:negate:
+    f7          3/subop/negate      3/mod/direct    7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           .           .               .                 # negate edi
+$next-hex-int:end:
+    # word-slice->start = curr
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy ecx to *esi
+    # return edi
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           7/r32/edi   .               .                 # copy edi to eax
+    # . restore registers
+    5f/pop-to-edi
+    5e/pop-to-esi
+    5b/pop-to-ebx
+    5a/pop-to-edx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+$next-hex-int:abort:
+    # . _write(2/stderr, error)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "next-hex-int: invalid hex char: "/imm32
+    68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  _write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . clear-stream($Stderr->buffer)
+    # . . save eax
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  $Stderr->buffer/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  clear-stream/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . . restore eax
+    58/pop-to-eax
+    # . write-int32-hex-buffered(Stderr, eax)
+    # . . push args
+    50/push-eax
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  write-int32-hex-buffered/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . flush(Stderr)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  Stderr/imm32
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  flush/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . _write(2/stderr, "\n")
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  Newline/imm32
+    68/push  2/imm32/stderr
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  _write/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . syscall(exit, 1)
+    bb/copy-to-ebx  1/imm32
+    e8/call  syscall_exit/disp32
+    # never gets here
+
+test-next-hex-int-single-digit:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # (eax..ecx) = "+a)"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "+a)"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ecx = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # eax = next-hex-int(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-hex-int/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 0xa, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-hex-int-single-digit"/imm32
+    68/push  0xa/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-hex-int-multi-digit:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # (eax..ecx) = "+ 34a)"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "+ 34a)"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ecx = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # eax = next-hex-int(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-hex-int/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 0x34a, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-hex-int-multi-digit"/imm32
+    68/push  0x34a/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-hex-int-0x-prefix:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # (eax..ecx) = "+0x34)"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "+0x34)"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ecx = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # eax = next-hex-int(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-hex-int/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 0x34, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-hex-int-0x-prefix"/imm32
+    68/push  0x34/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-hex-int-zero:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # (eax..ecx) = "+0)"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "+0)"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ecx = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # eax = next-hex-int(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-hex-int/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-hex-int-zero"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-hex-int-0-prefix:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # (eax..ecx) = "+ 03)"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "+ 03)"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ecx = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # eax = next-hex-int(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-hex-int/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 3, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-hex-int-0-prefix"/imm32
+    68/push  3/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-hex-int-negative:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # (eax..ecx) = "-03)"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "-03)"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ecx = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # eax = next-hex-int(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-hex-int/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, -3, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-hex-int-negative"/imm32
+    68/push  -3/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-hex-int-negative-with-space:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # (eax..ecx) = "- 03)"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "- 03)"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ecx = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # eax = next-hex-int(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-hex-int/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, -3, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-hex-int-negative-with-space"/imm32
+    68/push  -3/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+# assumes 'in' starts a positive unsigned integer
+# returns the value of the integer
+# side-effect: modifies 'in' to skip past the integer
+next-positive-hex-int:  # in: (addr slice) -> result/eax
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # . save registers
+    51/push-ecx
+    52/push-edx
+    53/push-ebx
+    56/push-esi
+    57/push-edi
+    # result/edi = 0
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           7/r32/edi   .               .                 # clear edi
+    # esi = in
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           6/r32/esi   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to esi
+    # edx = in->end
+    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   4/disp8         .                 # copy *(esi+4) to edx
+    # curr/ecx = in->start
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *esi to ecx
+    # negate?/ebx = false
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           3/r32/ebx   .               .                 # clear ebx
+    # eax = *curr
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # clear eax
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *ecx to AL
+$next-positive-hex-int:initial-0:
+    # skip past leading '0x'
+    # . if (*curr != '0') jump to loop
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *ecx to AL
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x30/imm32/0
+    75/jump-if-!=  $next-positive-hex-int:loop/disp8
+    # . ++curr
+    41/increment-ecx
+$next-positive-hex-int:initial-0x:
+    # . if (curr >= in->end) return result
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare ecx with edx
+    73/jump-if-addr>=  $next-positive-hex-int:end/disp8
+    # . if (*curr != 'x') jump to loop  # the previous '0' is still valid so doesn't need to be checked again
+    31/xor                          3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # clear eax
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *ecx to AL
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0x78/imm32/x
+    75/jump-if-!=  $next-positive-hex-int:loop/disp8
+    # . ++curr
+    41/increment-ecx
+$next-positive-hex-int:loop:
+    # if (curr >= in->end) break
+    39/compare                      3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           2/r32/edx   .               .                 # compare ecx with edx
+    73/jump-if-addr>=  $next-positive-hex-int:end/disp8
+    # if (!is-hex-digit?(*curr)) break
+    # . eax = *curr
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *ecx to AL
+    # . eax = is-hex-digit?(*curr)
+    # . . push args
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  is-hex-digit?/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # . if (eax == false) break
+    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
+    74/jump-if-=  $next-positive-hex-int:end/disp8
+    # eax = from-hex-char(*curr)
+    # . . copy arg to eax
+    8a/copy-byte                    0/mod/indirect  1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           0/r32/AL    .               .                 # copy byte at *ecx to AL
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  from-hex-char/disp32
+    # result = result * 16 + eax
+    c1/shift    4/subop/left        3/mod/direct    7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm8            # shift edi left by 4 bits
+    01/add                          3/mod/direct    7/rm32/edi    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # add eax to edi
+    # ++curr
+    41/increment-ecx
+    # loop
+    eb/jump  $next-positive-hex-int:loop/disp8
+$next-positive-hex-int:end:
+    # word-slice->start = curr
+    89/copy                         0/mod/indirect  6/rm32/esi    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy ecx to *esi
+    # return edi
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           7/r32/edi   .               .                 # copy edi to eax
+    # . restore registers
+    5f/pop-to-edi
+    5e/pop-to-esi
+    5b/pop-to-ebx
+    5a/pop-to-edx
+    59/pop-to-ecx
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-positive-hex-int-single-digit:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # (eax..ecx) = "a)"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "a)"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ecx = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # eax = next-positive-hex-int(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-positive-hex-int/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 0xa, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-positive-hex-int-single-digit"/imm32
+    68/push  0xa/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-positive-hex-int-multi-digit:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # (eax..ecx) = "34a)"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "34a)"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ecx = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # eax = next-positive-hex-int(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-positive-hex-int/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 0x34a, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-positive-hex-int-multi-digit"/imm32
+    68/push  0x34a/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-positive-hex-int-0x-prefix:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # (eax..ecx) = "0x34)"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "0x34)"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ecx = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # eax = next-positive-hex-int(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-positive-hex-int/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 0x34, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-positive-hex-int-0x-prefix"/imm32
+    68/push  0x34/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-positive-hex-int-zero:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # (eax..ecx) = "0"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "0"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ecx = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # eax = next-positive-hex-int(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-positive-hex-int/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 0, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-positive-hex-int-zero"/imm32
+    68/push  0/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+test-next-positive-hex-int-0-prefix:
+    # . prologue
+    55/push-ebp
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
+    # (eax..ecx) = "03)"
+    b8/copy-to-eax  "03)"/imm32
+    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  0/rm32/eax    .           .             .           1/r32/ecx   .               .                 # copy *eax to ecx
+    8d/copy-address                 1/mod/*+disp8   4/rm32/sib    0/base/eax  1/index/ecx   .           1/r32/ecx   4/disp8         .                 # copy eax+ecx+4 to ecx
+    05/add-to-eax  4/imm32
+    # var slice/ecx = {eax, ecx}
+    51/push-ecx
+    50/push-eax
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
+    # eax = next-positive-hex-int(slice)
+    # . . push args
+    51/push-ecx
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  next-positive-hex-int/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
+    # check-ints-equal(eax, 3, msg)
+    # . . push args
+    68/push  "F - test-next-positive-hex-int-0-prefix"/imm32
+    68/push  3/imm32
+    50/push-eax
+    # . . call
+    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
+    # . . discard args
+    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
+    # . epilogue
+    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
+    5d/pop-to-ebp
+    c3/return
+
+# . . vim:nowrap:textwidth=0