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+//: Mu scenarios. This will get long, but these are the tests we want to
+//: support in this layer.
+
+//: You can use variable names in scenarios, but for the most part we'll use
+//: raw location numbers, because that lets us make assertions on memory.
+//: Tests should avoid abstraction as far as possible.
+:(scenarios run_mu_scenario)
+:(scenario scenario_block)
+scenario foo [
+  run [
+    1:number <- copy 13
+  ]
+  memory-should-contain [
+    1 <- 13
+  ]
+]
+# checks are inside scenario
+
+:(scenario scenario_multiple_blocks)
+scenario foo [
+  run [
+    1:number <- copy 13
+  ]
+  memory-should-contain [
+    1 <- 13
+  ]
+  run [
+    2:number <- copy 13
+  ]
+  memory-should-contain [
+    1 <- 13
+    2 <- 13
+  ]
+]
+
+:(scenario scenario_check_memory_and_trace)
+scenario foo [
+  run [
+    1:number <- copy 13
+    trace 1, [a], [a b c]
+  ]
+  memory-should-contain [
+    1 <- 13
+  ]
+  trace-should-contain [
+    a: a b c
+  ]
+  trace-should-not-contain [
+    a: x y z
+  ]
+]
+
+//:: Core data structure
+
+:(before "End Types")
+struct scenario {
+  string name;
+  string to_run;
+};
+
+:(before "End Globals")
+vector<scenario> Scenarios;
+set<string> Scenario_names;
+
+//:: Parse the 'scenario' form.
+//: Simply store the text of the scenario.
+
+:(before "End Command Handlers")
+else if (command == "scenario") {
+  Scenarios.push_back(parse_scenario(in));
+}
+
+:(code)
+scenario parse_scenario(istream& in) {
+  scenario result;
+  result.name = next_word(in);
+  if (contains_key(Scenario_names, result.name))
+    raise << "duplicate scenario name: " << result.name << '\n' << end();
+  Scenario_names.insert(result.name);
+  skip_whitespace_and_comments(in);
+  if (in.peek() != '[') {
+    raise << "Expected '[' after scenario " << result.name << '\n' << end();
+    exit(0);
+  }
+  // scenarios are take special 'code' strings so we need to ignore brackets
+  // inside comments
+  result.to_run = slurp_quoted(in);
+  // delete [] delimiters
+  assert(result.to_run.at(0) == '[');
+  result.to_run.erase(0, 1);
+  assert(result.to_run.at(SIZE(result.to_run)-1) == ']');
+  result.to_run.erase(SIZE(result.to_run)-1);
+  return result;
+}
+
+:(scenario read_scenario_with_bracket_in_comment)
+scenario foo [
+  # ']' in comment
+  1:number <- copy 0
+]
++run: {1: "number"} <- copy {0: "literal"}
+
+:(scenario read_scenario_with_bracket_in_comment_in_nested_string)
+scenario foo [
+  1:address:array:character <- new [# not a comment]
+]
++run: {1: ("address" "array" "character")} <- new {"# not a comment": "literal-string"}
+
+//:: Run scenarios when we run 'mu test'.
+//: Treat the text of the scenario as a regular series of instructions.
+
+:(before "End Globals")
+int Num_core_mu_tests = 0;
+:(after "Check For .mu Files")
+Num_core_mu_tests = SIZE(Scenarios);
+:(before "End Tests")
+Hide_missing_default_space_errors = false;
+time_t mu_time; time(&mu_time);
+cerr << "\nMu tests: " << ctime(&mu_time);
+for (int i = 0; i < SIZE(Scenarios); ++i) {
+//?   cerr << i << ": " << Scenarios.at(i).name << '\n';
+  if (i == Num_core_mu_tests) {
+    time(&t);
+    cerr << "\nApp tests: " << ctime(&t);
+  }
+  run_mu_scenario(Scenarios.at(i));
+  if (Passed) cerr << ".";
+}
+
+//: Convenience: run a single named scenario.
+:(after "Test Runs")
+for (int i = 0; i < SIZE(Scenarios); ++i) {
+  if (Scenarios.at(i).name == argv[argc-1]) {
+    run_mu_scenario(Scenarios.at(i));
+    if (Passed) cerr << ".\n";
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+:(before "End Globals")
+const scenario* Current_scenario = NULL;
+:(code)
+void run_mu_scenario(const scenario& s) {
+  Current_scenario = &s;
+  bool not_already_inside_test = !Trace_stream;
+//?   cerr << s.name << '\n';
+  if (not_already_inside_test) {
+    Trace_file = s.name;
+    Trace_stream = new trace_stream;
+    setup();
+  }
+  vector<recipe_ordinal> tmp = load("recipe scenario_"+s.name+" [ "+s.to_run+" ]");
+  bind_special_scenario_names(tmp.at(0));
+  transform_all();
+  run(tmp.front());
+  if (Passed && !Hide_errors && trace_count("error") > 0) {
+    Passed = false;
+    ++Num_failures;
+  }
+  // End Mu Test Teardown
+  if (not_already_inside_test && Trace_stream) {
+    teardown();
+    ofstream fout((Trace_dir+Trace_file).c_str());
+    fout << Trace_stream->readable_contents("");
+    fout.close();
+    delete Trace_stream;
+    Trace_stream = NULL;
+    Trace_file = "";
+  }
+  Current_scenario = NULL;
+}
+
+//: Watch out for redefinitions of scenario routines. We should never ever be
+//: doing that, regardless of anything else.
+:(scenarios run)
+:(scenario forbid_redefining_scenario_even_if_forced)
+% Hide_errors = true;
+% Disable_redefine_checks = true;
+def scenario-foo [
+  1:number <- copy 34
+]
+
+def scenario-foo [
+  1:number <- copy 35
+]
++error: redefining recipe scenario-foo
+
+:(after "bool should_check_for_redefine(const string& recipe_name)")
+  if (recipe_name.find("scenario-") == 0) return true;
+
+//:: The special instructions we want to support inside scenarios.
+//: In a compiler for the mu VM these will require more work.
+
+//: 'run' interprets a string as a set of instructions
+
+:(scenario run)
+def main [
+  run [
+    1:number <- copy 13
+  ]
+]
++mem: storing 13 in location 1
+
+:(before "End Primitive Recipe Declarations")
+RUN,
+:(before "End Primitive Recipe Numbers")
+put(Recipe_ordinal, "run", RUN);
+:(before "End Primitive Recipe Checks")
+case RUN: {
+  break;
+}
+:(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")
+case RUN: {
+  assert(Name[Next_recipe_ordinal].empty());
+  ostringstream tmp;
+  tmp << "recipe run_" << Next_recipe_ordinal << " [ " << current_instruction().ingredients.at(0).name << " ]";
+  vector<recipe_ordinal> tmp_recipe = load(tmp.str());
+  bind_special_scenario_names(tmp_recipe.at(0));
+  transform_all();
+  if (Trace_stream) {
+    ++Trace_stream->callstack_depth;
+    trace(9998, "trace") << "run: incrementing callstack depth to " << Trace_stream->callstack_depth << end();
+    assert(Trace_stream->callstack_depth < 9000);  // 9998-101 plus cushion
+  }
+  Current_routine->calls.push_front(call(tmp_recipe.at(0)));
+  continue;  // not done with caller; don't increment current_step_index()
+}
+
+// Some variables for fake resources always get special addresses in
+// scenarios.
+:(code)
+void bind_special_scenario_names(recipe_ordinal r) {
+  // Special Scenario Variable Names(r)
+  // End Special Scenario Variable Names(r)
+}
+
+:(scenario run_multiple)
+def main [
+  run [
+    1:number <- copy 13
+  ]
+  run [
+    2:number <- copy 13
+  ]
+]
++mem: storing 13 in location 1
++mem: storing 13 in location 2
+
+//: 'memory-should-contain' raises errors if specific locations aren't as expected
+//: Also includes some special support for checking strings.
+
+:(before "End Globals")
+bool Scenario_testing_scenario = false;
+:(before "End Setup")
+Scenario_testing_scenario = false;
+
+:(scenario memory_check)
+% Scenario_testing_scenario = true;
+% Hide_errors = true;
+def main [
+  memory-should-contain [
+    1 <- 13
+  ]
+]
++run: checking location 1
++error: expected location 1 to contain 13 but saw 0
+
+:(before "End Primitive Recipe Declarations")
+MEMORY_SHOULD_CONTAIN,
+:(before "End Primitive Recipe Numbers")
+put(Recipe_ordinal, "memory-should-contain", MEMORY_SHOULD_CONTAIN);
+:(before "End Primitive Recipe Checks")
+case MEMORY_SHOULD_CONTAIN: {
+  break;
+}
+:(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")
+case MEMORY_SHOULD_CONTAIN: {
+  if (!Passed) break;
+  check_memory(current_instruction().ingredients.at(0).name);
+  break;
+}
+
+:(code)
+void check_memory(const string& s) {
+  istringstream in(s);
+  in >> std::noskipws;
+  set<int> locations_checked;
+  while (true) {
+    skip_whitespace_and_comments(in);
+    if (!has_data(in)) break;
+    string lhs = next_word(in);
+    if (!is_integer(lhs)) {
+      check_type(lhs, in);
+      continue;
+    }
+    int address = to_integer(lhs);
+    skip_whitespace_and_comments(in);
+    string _assign;  in >> _assign;  assert(_assign == "<-");
+    skip_whitespace_and_comments(in);
+    string rhs = next_word(in);
+    if (!is_integer(rhs) && !is_noninteger(rhs)) {
+      if (Current_scenario && !Scenario_testing_scenario)
+        // genuine test in a mu file
+        raise << "\nF - " << Current_scenario->name << ": location " << address << " can't contain non-number " << rhs << '\n' << end();
+      else
+        // just testing scenario support
+        raise << "location " << address << " can't contain non-number " << rhs << '\n' << end();
+      if (!Scenario_testing_scenario) {
+        Passed = false;
+        ++Num_failures;
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    double value = to_double(rhs);
+    if (contains_key(locations_checked, address))
+      raise << "duplicate expectation for location " << address << '\n' << end();
+    trace(9999, "run") << "checking location " << address << end();
+    if (get_or_insert(Memory, address) != value) {
+      if (Current_scenario && !Scenario_testing_scenario) {
+        // genuine test in a mu file
+        raise << "\nF - " << Current_scenario->name << ": expected location " << address << " to contain " << no_scientific(value) << " but saw " << no_scientific(get_or_insert(Memory, address)) << '\n' << end();
+      }
+      else {
+        // just testing scenario support
+        raise << "expected location " << address << " to contain " << no_scientific(value) << " but saw " << no_scientific(get_or_insert(Memory, address)) << '\n' << end();
+      }
+      if (!Scenario_testing_scenario) {
+        Passed = false;
+        ++Num_failures;
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    locations_checked.insert(address);
+  }
+}
+
+void check_type(const string& lhs, istream& in) {
+  reagent x(lhs);
+  if (x.type->name == "array"
+      && x.type->right && x.type->right->name == "character"
+      && !x.type->right->right) {
+    x.set_value(to_integer(x.name));
+    skip_whitespace_and_comments(in);
+    string _assign = next_word(in);
+    assert(_assign == "<-");
+    skip_whitespace_and_comments(in);
+    string literal = next_word(in);
+    int address = x.value;
+    // exclude quoting brackets
+    assert(*literal.begin() == '[');  literal.erase(literal.begin());
+    assert(*--literal.end() == ']');  literal.erase(--literal.end());
+    check_string(address, literal);
+    return;
+  }
+  // End Scenario Type Cases
+  raise << "don't know how to check memory for " << lhs << '\n' << end();
+}
+
+void check_string(int address, const string& literal) {
+  trace(9999, "run") << "checking string length at " << address << end();
+  if (get_or_insert(Memory, address) != SIZE(literal)) {
+    if (Current_scenario && !Scenario_testing_scenario)
+      raise << "\nF - " << Current_scenario->name << ": expected location " << address << " to contain length " << SIZE(literal) << " of string [" << literal << "] but saw " << no_scientific(get_or_insert(Memory, address)) << " (" << read_mu_string(address) << ")\n" << end();
+    else
+      raise << "expected location " << address << " to contain length " << SIZE(literal) << " of string [" << literal << "] but saw " << no_scientific(get_or_insert(Memory, address)) << '\n' << end();
+    if (!Scenario_testing_scenario) {
+      Passed = false;
+      ++Num_failures;
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  ++address;  // now skip length
+  for (int i = 0; i < SIZE(literal); ++i) {
+    trace(9999, "run") << "checking location " << address+i << end();
+    if (get_or_insert(Memory, address+i) != literal.at(i)) {
+      if (Current_scenario && !Scenario_testing_scenario) {
+        // genuine test in a mu file
+        raise << "\nF - " << Current_scenario->name << ": expected location " << (address+i) << " to contain " << literal.at(i) << " but saw " << no_scientific(get_or_insert(Memory, address+i)) << " ('" << static_cast<char>(get_or_insert(Memory, address+i)) << "')\n" << end();
+      }
+      else {
+        // just testing scenario support
+        raise << "expected location " << (address+i) << " to contain " << literal.at(i) << " but saw " << no_scientific(get_or_insert(Memory, address+i)) << '\n' << end();
+      }
+      if (!Scenario_testing_scenario) {
+        Passed = false;
+        ++Num_failures;
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+:(scenario memory_check_multiple)
+% Scenario_testing_scenario = true;
+% Hide_errors = true;
+def main [
+  memory-should-contain [
+    1 <- 0
+    1 <- 0
+  ]
+]
++error: duplicate expectation for location 1
+
+:(scenario memory_check_string_length)
+% Scenario_testing_scenario = true;
+% Hide_errors = true;
+def main [
+  1:number <- copy 3
+  2:number <- copy 97  # 'a'
+  3:number <- copy 98  # 'b'
+  4:number <- copy 99  # 'c'
+  memory-should-contain [
+    1:array:character <- [ab]
+  ]
+]
++error: expected location 1 to contain length 2 of string [ab] but saw 3
+
+:(scenario memory_check_string)
+def main [
+  1:number <- copy 3
+  2:number <- copy 97  # 'a'
+  3:number <- copy 98  # 'b'
+  4:number <- copy 99  # 'c'
+  memory-should-contain [
+    1:array:character <- [abc]
+  ]
+]
++run: checking string length at 1
++run: checking location 2
++run: checking location 3
++run: checking location 4
+
+:(scenario memory_invalid_string_check)
+% Scenario_testing_scenario = true;
+% Hide_errors = true;
+def main [
+  memory-should-contain [
+    1 <- [abc]
+  ]
+]
++error: location 1 can't contain non-number [abc]
+
+:(scenario memory_check_with_comment)
+% Scenario_testing_scenario = true;
+% Hide_errors = true;
+def main [
+  memory-should-contain [
+    1 <- 34  # comment
+  ]
+]
+-error: location 1 can't contain non-number 34  # comment
+# but there'll be an error signalled by memory-should-contain
+
+:(code)
+//: 'trace-should-contain' is like the '+' lines in our scenarios so far
+// Like runs of contiguous '+' lines, order is important. The trace checks
+// that the lines are present *and* in the specified sequence. (There can be
+// other lines in between.)
+
+:(scenario trace_check_fails)
+% Scenario_testing_scenario = true;
+% Hide_errors = true;
+def main [
+  trace-should-contain [
+    a: b
+    a: d
+  ]
+]
++error: missing [b] in trace with label a
+
+:(before "End Primitive Recipe Declarations")
+TRACE_SHOULD_CONTAIN,
+:(before "End Primitive Recipe Numbers")
+put(Recipe_ordinal, "trace-should-contain", TRACE_SHOULD_CONTAIN);
+:(before "End Primitive Recipe Checks")
+case TRACE_SHOULD_CONTAIN: {
+  break;
+}
+:(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")
+case TRACE_SHOULD_CONTAIN: {
+  if (!Passed) break;
+  check_trace(current_instruction().ingredients.at(0).name);
+  break;
+}
+
+:(code)
+// simplified version of check_trace_contents() that emits errors rather
+// than just printing to stderr
+void check_trace(const string& expected) {
+  Trace_stream->newline();
+  vector<trace_line> expected_lines = parse_trace(expected);
+  if (expected_lines.empty()) return;
+  int curr_expected_line = 0;
+  for (vector<trace_line>::iterator p = Trace_stream->past_lines.begin(); p != Trace_stream->past_lines.end(); ++p) {
+    if (expected_lines.at(curr_expected_line).label != p->label) continue;
+    if (expected_lines.at(curr_expected_line).contents != trim(p->contents)) continue;
+    // match
+    ++curr_expected_line;
+    if (curr_expected_line == SIZE(expected_lines)) return;
+  }
+
+  raise << "missing [" << expected_lines.at(curr_expected_line).contents << "] "
+              << "in trace with label " << expected_lines.at(curr_expected_line).label << '\n' << end();
+  Passed = false;
+}
+
+vector<trace_line> parse_trace(const string& expected) {
+  vector<string> buf = split(expected, "\n");
+  vector<trace_line> result;
+  for (int i = 0; i < SIZE(buf); ++i) {
+    buf.at(i) = trim(buf.at(i));
+    if (buf.at(i).empty()) continue;
+    int delim = buf.at(i).find(": ");
+    result.push_back(trace_line(trim(buf.at(i).substr(0, delim)),  trim(buf.at(i).substr(delim+2))));
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+:(scenario trace_check_fails_in_nonfirst_line)
+% Scenario_testing_scenario = true;
+% Hide_errors = true;
+def main [
+  run [
+    trace 1, [a], [b]
+  ]
+  trace-should-contain [
+    a: b
+    a: d
+  ]
+]
++error: missing [d] in trace with label a
+
+:(scenario trace_check_passes_silently)
+% Scenario_testing_scenario = true;
+def main [
+  run [
+    trace 1, [a], [b]
+  ]
+  trace-should-contain [
+    a: b
+  ]
+]
+-error: missing [b] in trace with label a
+$error: 0
+
+//: 'trace-should-not-contain' is like the '-' lines in our scenarios so far
+//: Each trace line is separately checked for absense. Order is *not*
+//: important, so you can't say things like "B should not exist after A."
+
+:(scenario trace_negative_check_fails)
+% Scenario_testing_scenario = true;
+% Hide_errors = true;
+def main [
+  run [
+    trace 1, [a], [b]
+  ]
+  trace-should-not-contain [
+    a: b
+  ]
+]
++error: unexpected [b] in trace with label a
+
+:(before "End Primitive Recipe Declarations")
+TRACE_SHOULD_NOT_CONTAIN,
+:(before "End Primitive Recipe Numbers")
+put(Recipe_ordinal, "trace-should-not-contain", TRACE_SHOULD_NOT_CONTAIN);
+:(before "End Primitive Recipe Checks")
+case TRACE_SHOULD_NOT_CONTAIN: {
+  break;
+}
+:(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")
+case TRACE_SHOULD_NOT_CONTAIN: {
+  if (!Passed) break;
+  check_trace_missing(current_instruction().ingredients.at(0).name);
+  break;
+}
+
+:(code)
+// simplified version of check_trace_contents() that emits errors rather
+// than just printing to stderr
+bool check_trace_missing(const string& in) {
+  Trace_stream->newline();
+  vector<trace_line> lines = parse_trace(in);
+  for (int i = 0; i < SIZE(lines); ++i) {
+    if (trace_count(lines.at(i).label, lines.at(i).contents) != 0) {
+      raise << "unexpected [" << lines.at(i).contents << "] in trace with label " << lines.at(i).label << '\n' << end();
+      Passed = false;
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+:(scenario trace_negative_check_passes_silently)
+% Scenario_testing_scenario = true;
+def main [
+  trace-should-not-contain [
+    a: b
+  ]
+]
+-error: unexpected [b] in trace with label a
+$error: 0
+
+:(scenario trace_negative_check_fails_on_any_unexpected_line)
+% Scenario_testing_scenario = true;
+% Hide_errors = true;
+def main [
+  run [
+    trace 1, [a], [d]
+  ]
+  trace-should-not-contain [
+    a: b
+    a: d
+  ]
+]
++error: unexpected [d] in trace with label a
+
+:(scenario trace_count_check)
+def main [
+  run [
+    trace 1, [a], [foo]
+  ]
+  check-trace-count-for-label 1, [a]
+]
+
+:(before "End Primitive Recipe Declarations")
+CHECK_TRACE_COUNT_FOR_LABEL,
+:(before "End Primitive Recipe Numbers")
+put(Recipe_ordinal, "check-trace-count-for-label", CHECK_TRACE_COUNT_FOR_LABEL);
+:(before "End Primitive Recipe Checks")
+case CHECK_TRACE_COUNT_FOR_LABEL: {
+  if (SIZE(inst.ingredients) != 2) {
+    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'check-trace-count-for-label' requires exactly two ingredients, but got '" << to_original_string(inst) << "'\n" << end();
+    break;
+  }
+  if (!is_mu_number(inst.ingredients.at(0))) {
+    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "first ingredient of 'check-trace-count-for-label' should be a number (count), but got " << inst.ingredients.at(0).original_string << '\n' << end();
+    break;
+  }
+  if (!is_literal_string(inst.ingredients.at(1))) {
+    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "second ingredient of 'check-trace-count-for-label' should be a literal string (label), but got " << inst.ingredients.at(1).original_string << '\n' << end();
+    break;
+  }
+  break;
+}
+:(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")
+case CHECK_TRACE_COUNT_FOR_LABEL: {
+  if (!Passed) break;
+  int expected_count = ingredients.at(0).at(0);
+  string label = current_instruction().ingredients.at(1).name;
+  int count = trace_count(label);
+  if (count != expected_count) {
+    if (Current_scenario && !Scenario_testing_scenario) {
+      // genuine test in a mu file
+      raise << "\nF - " << Current_scenario->name << ": " << maybe(current_recipe_name()) << "expected " << expected_count << " lines in trace with label " << label << " in trace: " << end();
+      DUMP(label);
+    }
+    else {
+      // just testing scenario support
+      raise << maybe(current_recipe_name()) << "expected " << expected_count << " lines in trace with label " << label << " in trace\n" << end();
+    }
+    if (!Scenario_testing_scenario) {
+      Passed = false;
+      ++Num_failures;
+    }
+  }
+  break;
+}
+
+:(scenario trace_count_check_2)
+% Scenario_testing_scenario = true;
+% Hide_errors = true;
+def main [
+  run [
+    trace 1, [a], [foo]
+  ]
+  check-trace-count-for-label 2, [a]
+]
++error: main: expected 2 lines in trace with label a in trace
+
+//: Minor detail: ignore 'system' calls in scenarios, since anything we do
+//: with them is by definition impossible to test through mu.
+:(after "case _SYSTEM:")
+  if (Current_scenario) break;
+
+//:: Helpers
+
+:(code)
+// just for the scenarios running scenarios in C++ layers
+void run_mu_scenario(const string& form) {
+  Scenario_names.clear();
+  istringstream in(form);
+  in >> std::noskipws;
+  skip_whitespace_and_comments(in);
+  string _scenario = next_word(in);
+  assert(_scenario == "scenario");
+  scenario s = parse_scenario(in);
+  run_mu_scenario(s);
+}