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-rw-r--r--030address.cc180
-rw-r--r--030container.cc (renamed from 031container.cc)52
-rw-r--r--031array.cc (renamed from 032array.cc)103
-rw-r--r--032exclusive_container.cc (renamed from 033exclusive_container.cc)34
-rw-r--r--033address.cc387
-rw-r--r--034new.cc (renamed from 037new.cc)0
-rw-r--r--035location_array.cc (renamed from 038location_array.cc)0
-rw-r--r--057shape_shifting_container.cc12
8 files changed, 465 insertions, 303 deletions
diff --git a/030address.cc b/030address.cc
deleted file mode 100644
index 5f86b30a..00000000
--- a/030address.cc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,180 +0,0 @@
-//: Instructions can read from addresses pointing at other locations using the
-//: 'lookup' property.
-
-:(scenario copy_indirect)
-def main [
-  1:address:number <- copy 2/unsafe
-  2:number <- copy 34
-  # This loads location 1 as an address and looks up *that* location.
-  3:number <- copy 1:address:number/lookup
-]
-+mem: storing 34 in location 3
-
-:(before "End Preprocess read_memory(x)")
-canonize(x);
-
-//: similarly, write to addresses pointing at other locations using the
-//: 'lookup' property
-:(scenario store_indirect)
-def main [
-  1:address:number <- copy 2/unsafe
-  1:address:number/lookup <- copy 34
-]
-+mem: storing 34 in location 2
-
-:(before "End Preprocess write_memory(x)")
-canonize(x);
-if (x.value == 0) {
-  raise << "can't write to location 0 in '" << to_original_string(current_instruction()) << "'\n" << end();
-  return;
-}
-
-//: writes to address 0 always loudly fail
-:(scenario store_to_0_fails)
-% Hide_errors = true;
-def main [
-  1:address:number <- copy 0
-  1:address:number/lookup <- copy 34
-]
--mem: storing 34 in location 0
-+error: can't write to location 0 in '1:address:number/lookup <- copy 34'
-
-:(code)
-void canonize(reagent& x) {
-  if (is_literal(x)) return;
-  // End canonize(x) Special-cases
-  while (has_property(x, "lookup"))
-    lookup_memory(x);
-}
-
-void lookup_memory(reagent& x) {
-  if (!x.type || x.type->value != get(Type_ordinal, "address")) {
-    raise << maybe(current_recipe_name()) << "tried to /lookup " << x.original_string << " but it isn't an address\n" << end();
-    return;
-  }
-  // compute value
-  if (x.value == 0) {
-    raise << maybe(current_recipe_name()) << "tried to /lookup 0\n" << end();
-    return;
-  }
-  trace(9999, "mem") << "location " << x.value << " is " << no_scientific(get_or_insert(Memory, x.value)) << end();
-  x.set_value(get_or_insert(Memory, x.value));
-  drop_from_type(x, "address");
-  // End Drop Address In lookup_memory(x)
-  drop_one_lookup(x);
-}
-
-:(after "bool types_strictly_match(reagent to, reagent from)")
-  if (!canonize_type(to)) return false;
-  if (!canonize_type(from)) return false;
-
-:(after "bool is_mu_array(reagent r)")
-  if (!canonize_type(r)) return false;
-
-:(after "bool is_mu_address(reagent r)")
-  if (!canonize_type(r)) return false;
-
-:(after "bool is_mu_number(reagent r)")
-  if (!canonize_type(r)) return false;
-:(after "bool is_mu_boolean(reagent r)")
-  if (!canonize_type(r)) return false;
-
-:(before "End Compute Call Ingredient")
-canonize_type(ingredient);
-:(before "End Preprocess NEXT_INGREDIENT product")
-canonize_type(product);
-:(before "End Check REPLY Copy(lhs, rhs)
-canonize_type(lhs);
-canonize_type(rhs);
-
-:(code)
-bool canonize_type(reagent& r) {
-  while (has_property(r, "lookup")) {
-    if (!r.type || r.type->value != get(Type_ordinal, "address")) {
-      raise << "can't lookup non-address: " << to_string(r) << ": " << to_string(r.type) << '\n' << end();
-      return false;
-    }
-    drop_from_type(r, "address");
-    // End Drop Address In canonize_type(r)
-    drop_one_lookup(r);
-  }
-  return true;
-}
-
-void drop_from_type(reagent& r, string expected_type) {
-  if (r.type->name != expected_type) {
-    raise << "can't drop2 " << expected_type << " from " << to_string(r) << '\n' << end();
-    return;
-  }
-  type_tree* tmp = r.type;
-  r.type = tmp->right;
-  tmp->right = NULL;
-  delete tmp;
-}
-
-void drop_one_lookup(reagent& r) {
-  for (vector<pair<string, string_tree*> >::iterator p = r.properties.begin(); p != r.properties.end(); ++p) {
-    if (p->first == "lookup") {
-      r.properties.erase(p);
-      return;
-    }
-  }
-  assert(false);
-}
-
-//:: abbreviation for '/lookup': a prefix '*'
-
-:(scenario lookup_abbreviation)
-def main [
-  1:address:number <- copy 2/unsafe
-  2:number <- copy 34
-  3:number <- copy *1:address:number
-]
-+parse: ingredient: {1: ("address" "number"), "lookup": ()}
-+mem: storing 34 in location 3
-
-:(before "End Parsing reagent")
-{
-  while (!name.empty() && name.at(0) == '*') {
-    name.erase(0, 1);
-    properties.push_back(pair<string, string_tree*>("lookup", NULL));
-  }
-  if (name.empty())
-    raise << "illegal name " << original_string << '\n' << end();
-}
-
-//:: helpers for debugging
-
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Declarations")
-_DUMP,
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Numbers")
-put(Recipe_ordinal, "$dump", _DUMP);
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")
-case _DUMP: {
-  reagent after_canonize = current_instruction().ingredients.at(0);
-  canonize(after_canonize);
-  cerr << maybe(current_recipe_name()) << current_instruction().ingredients.at(0).name << ' ' << no_scientific(current_instruction().ingredients.at(0).value) << " => " << no_scientific(after_canonize.value) << " => " << no_scientific(get_or_insert(Memory, after_canonize.value)) << '\n';
-  break;
-}
-
-//: grab an address, and then dump its value at intervals
-//: useful for tracking down memory corruption (writing to an out-of-bounds address)
-:(before "End Globals")
-int Bar = -1;
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Declarations")
-_BAR,
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Numbers")
-put(Recipe_ordinal, "$bar", _BAR);
-:(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")
-case _BAR: {
-  if (current_instruction().ingredients.empty()) {
-    if (Bar != -1) cerr << Bar << ": " << no_scientific(get_or_insert(Memory, Bar)) << '\n';
-    else cerr << '\n';
-  }
-  else {
-    reagent tmp = current_instruction().ingredients.at(0);
-    canonize(tmp);
-    Bar = tmp.value;
-  }
-  break;
-}
diff --git a/031container.cc b/030container.cc
index 963afb68..ead9be70 100644
--- a/031container.cc
+++ b/030container.cc
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ def main [
 ]
 +mem: storing 36 in location 17
 
-//: Products of recipes can include containers and exclusive containers, addresses and arrays.
+//: products of recipes can include containers
 :(scenario reply_container)
 def main [
   3:point <- f 2
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ case GET: {
     break;
   }
   reagent base = inst.ingredients.at(0);  // new copy for every invocation
-  if (!canonize_type(base)) break;
+  // Update GET base in Check
   if (!base.type || !base.type->value || !contains_key(Type, base.type->value) || get(Type, base.type->value).kind != CONTAINER) {
     raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "first ingredient of 'get' should be a container, but got " << inst.ingredients.at(0).original_string << '\n' << end();
     break;
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ case GET: {
   }
   if (inst.products.empty()) break;
   reagent product = inst.products.at(0);
-  if (!canonize_type(product)) break;
+  // Update GET product in Check
   const reagent element = element_type(base, offset_value);
   if (!types_coercible(product, element)) {
     raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'get " << base.original_string << ", " << offset.original_string << "' should write to " << names_to_string_without_quotes(element.type) << " but " << product.name << " has type " << names_to_string_without_quotes(product.type) << '\n' << end();
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ case GET: {
 :(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")
 case GET: {
   reagent base = current_instruction().ingredients.at(0);
-  canonize(base);
+  // Update GET base in Run
   int base_address = base.value;
   if (base_address == 0) {
     raise << maybe(current_recipe_name()) << "tried to access location 0 in '" << to_original_string(current_instruction()) << "'\n" << end();
@@ -206,11 +206,11 @@ case GET: {
 }
 
 :(code)
-const reagent element_type(const reagent& canonized_base, int offset_value) {
+const reagent element_type(const reagent& base, int offset_value) {
   assert(offset_value >= 0);
-  assert(contains_key(Type, canonized_base.type->value));
-  assert(!get(Type, canonized_base.type->value).name.empty());
-  const type_info& info = get(Type, canonized_base.type->value);
+  assert(contains_key(Type, base.type->value));
+  assert(!get(Type, base.type->value).name.empty());
+  const type_info& info = get(Type, base.type->value);
   assert(info.kind == CONTAINER);
   reagent element = info.elements.at(offset_value);
   // End element_type Special-cases
@@ -256,35 +256,6 @@ def main [
 ]
 +error: main: 'get 12:point-number/raw, 1:offset' should write to number but 15 has type (address number)
 
-//: 'get' can read from container address
-:(scenario get_indirect)
-def main [
-  1:number <- copy 2
-  2:number <- copy 34
-  3:number <- copy 35
-  4:number <- get 1:address:point/lookup, 0:offset
-]
-+mem: storing 34 in location 4
-
-:(scenario get_indirect2)
-def main [
-  1:number <- copy 2
-  2:number <- copy 34
-  3:number <- copy 35
-  4:address:number <- copy 5/unsafe
-  *4:address:number <- get 1:address:point/lookup, 0:offset
-]
-+mem: storing 34 in location 5
-
-:(scenario include_nonlookup_properties)
-def main [
-  1:number <- copy 2
-  2:number <- copy 34
-  3:number <- copy 35
-  4:number <- get 1:address:point/lookup/foo, 0:offset
-]
-+mem: storing 34 in location 4
-
 //: we might want to call 'get' without saving the results, say in a sandbox
 
 :(scenario get_without_product)
@@ -318,13 +289,14 @@ case PUT: {
     break;
   }
   reagent base = inst.ingredients.at(0);
-  if (!canonize_type(base)) break;
+  // Update PUT base in Check
   if (!base.type || !base.type->value || !contains_key(Type, base.type->value) || get(Type, base.type->value).kind != CONTAINER) {
     raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "first ingredient of 'put' should be a container, but got " << inst.ingredients.at(0).original_string << '\n' << end();
     break;
   }
   type_ordinal base_type = base.type->value;
   reagent offset = inst.ingredients.at(1);
+  // Update PUT offset in Check
   if (!is_literal(offset) || !is_mu_scalar(offset)) {
     raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "second ingredient of 'put' should have type 'offset', but got " << inst.ingredients.at(1).original_string << '\n' << end();
     break;
@@ -351,7 +323,7 @@ case PUT: {
 :(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")
 case PUT: {
   reagent base = current_instruction().ingredients.at(0);
-  canonize(base);
+  // Update PUT base in Run
   int base_address = base.value;
   if (base_address == 0) {
     raise << maybe(current_recipe_name()) << "tried to access location 0 in '" << to_original_string(current_instruction()) << "'\n" << end();
@@ -713,7 +685,7 @@ void check_merge_calls(const recipe_ordinal r) {
       continue;
     }
     reagent product = inst.products.at(0);
-    if (!canonize_type(product)) continue;
+    // Update product While Type-checking Merge
     type_ordinal product_type = product.type->value;
     if (product_type == 0 || !contains_key(Type, product_type)) {
       raise << maybe(caller.name) << "'merge' should yield a container in '" << to_original_string(inst) << "'\n" << end();
diff --git a/032array.cc b/031array.cc
index 44d063d9..ac1cc848 100644
--- a/032array.cc
+++ b/031array.cc
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ case CREATE_ARRAY: {
     break;
   }
   reagent product = inst.products.at(0);
-  canonize_type(product);
+  // Update CREATE_ARRAY product in Check
   if (!is_mu_array(product)) {
     raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'create-array' cannot create non-array " << product.original_string << '\n' << end();
     break;
@@ -47,10 +47,11 @@ case CREATE_ARRAY: {
 :(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")
 case CREATE_ARRAY: {
   reagent product = current_instruction().products.at(0);
-  canonize(product);
+  // Update CREATE_ARRAY product in Run
   int base_address = product.value;
   int array_length = to_integer(product.type->right->right->name);
   // initialize array size, so that size_of will work
+  trace(9999, "mem") << "storing " << array_length << " in location " << base_address << end();
   put(Memory, base_address, array_length);  // in array elements
   int size = size_of(product);  // in locations
   trace(9998, "run") << "creating array of size " << size << '\n' << end();
@@ -81,20 +82,6 @@ def main [
 +mem: storing 15 in location 7
 +mem: storing 16 in location 8
 
-:(scenario copy_array_indirect)
-def main [
-  1:array:number:3 <- create-array
-  2:number <- copy 14
-  3:number <- copy 15
-  4:number <- copy 16
-  5:address:array:number <- copy 1/unsafe
-  6:array:number <- copy *5:address:array:number
-]
-+mem: storing 3 in location 6
-+mem: storing 14 in location 7
-+mem: storing 15 in location 8
-+mem: storing 16 in location 9
-
 :(scenario stash_array)
 def main [
   1:array:number:3 <- create-array
@@ -184,14 +171,20 @@ case INDEX: {
     break;
   }
   reagent base = inst.ingredients.at(0);
-  canonize_type(base);
+  // Update INDEX base in Check
   if (!is_mu_array(base)) {
     raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'index' on a non-array " << base.original_string << '\n' << end();
     break;
   }
+  reagent index = inst.ingredients.at(1);
+  // Update INDEX index in Check
+  if (!is_mu_number(index)) {
+    raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "second ingredient of 'index' should be a number, but got " << index.original_string << '\n' << end();
+    break;
+  }
   if (inst.products.empty()) break;
   reagent product = inst.products.at(0);
-  canonize_type(product);
+  // Update INDEX product in Check
   reagent element;
   element.type = new type_tree(*array_element(base.type));
   if (!types_coercible(product, element)) {
@@ -203,22 +196,22 @@ case INDEX: {
 :(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")
 case INDEX: {
   reagent base = current_instruction().ingredients.at(0);
-  canonize(base);
+  // Update INDEX base in Run
   int base_address = base.value;
   trace(9998, "run") << "base address is " << base_address << end();
   if (base_address == 0) {
     raise << maybe(current_recipe_name()) << "tried to access location 0 in '" << to_original_string(current_instruction()) << "'\n" << end();
     break;
   }
-  reagent offset = current_instruction().ingredients.at(1);
-  canonize(offset);
-  vector<double> offset_val(read_memory(offset));
+  reagent index = current_instruction().ingredients.at(1);
+  // Update INDEX index in Run
+  vector<double> index_val(read_memory(index));
   type_tree* element_type = array_element(base.type);
-  if (offset_val.at(0) < 0 || offset_val.at(0) >= get_or_insert(Memory, base_address)) {
-    raise << maybe(current_recipe_name()) << "invalid index " << no_scientific(offset_val.at(0)) << '\n' << end();
+  if (index_val.at(0) < 0 || index_val.at(0) >= get_or_insert(Memory, base_address)) {
+    raise << maybe(current_recipe_name()) << "invalid index " << no_scientific(index_val.at(0)) << '\n' << end();
     break;
   }
-  int src = base_address + 1 + offset_val.at(0)*size_of(element_type);
+  int src = base_address + 1 + index_val.at(0)*size_of(element_type);
   trace(9998, "run") << "address to copy is " << src << end();
   trace(9998, "run") << "its type is " << get(Type, element_type->value).name << end();
   reagent element;
@@ -247,17 +240,6 @@ int array_length(const reagent& x) {
   return get_or_insert(Memory, x.value);
 }
 
-:(scenario index_indirect)
-def main [
-  1:array:number:3 <- create-array
-  2:number <- copy 14
-  3:number <- copy 15
-  4:number <- copy 16
-  5:address:array:number <- copy 1/unsafe
-  6:number <- index *5:address:array:number, 1
-]
-+mem: storing 15 in location 6
-
 :(scenario index_out_of_bounds)
 % Hide_errors = true;
 def main [
@@ -268,8 +250,7 @@ def main [
   5:number <- copy 14
   6:number <- copy 15
   7:number <- copy 16
-  8:address:array:point <- copy 1/unsafe
-  index *8:address:array:point, 4  # less than size of array in locations, but larger than its length in elements
+  index 1:array:number:3, 4  # less than size of array in locations, but larger than its length in elements
 ]
 +error: main: invalid index 4
 
@@ -283,8 +264,7 @@ def main [
   5:number <- copy 14
   6:number <- copy 15
   7:number <- copy 16
-  8:address:array:point <- copy 1/unsafe
-  index *8:address:array:point, -1
+  index 1:array:point, -1
 ]
 +error: main: invalid index -1
 
@@ -298,10 +278,9 @@ def main [
   5:number <- copy 14
   6:number <- copy 15
   7:number <- copy 16
-  8:address:array:point <- copy 1/unsafe
-  9:number <- index *8:address:array:point, 0
+  9:number <- index 1:array:point, 0
 ]
-+error: main: 'index' on *8:address:array:point can't be saved in 9:number; type should be point
++error: main: 'index' on 1:array:point can't be saved in 9:number; type should be point
 
 //: we might want to call 'index' without saving the results, say in a sandbox
 
@@ -338,17 +317,19 @@ case PUT_INDEX: {
     break;
   }
   reagent base = inst.ingredients.at(0);
-  if (!canonize_type(base)) break;
+  // Update PUT_INDEX base in Check
   if (!is_mu_array(base)) {
     raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'put-index' on a non-array " << base.original_string << '\n' << end();
     break;
   }
-  if (!is_mu_number(inst.ingredients.at(1))) {
+  reagent index = inst.ingredients.at(1);
+  // Update PUT_INDEX index in Check
+  if (!is_mu_number(index)) {
     raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "second ingredient of 'put-index' should have type 'number', but got " << inst.ingredients.at(1).original_string << '\n' << end();
     break;
   }
   reagent value = inst.ingredients.at(2);
-  canonize_type(value);
+  // Update PUT_INDEX value in Check
   reagent element;
   element.type = new type_tree(*array_element(base.type));
   if (!types_coercible(element, value)) {
@@ -360,21 +341,21 @@ case PUT_INDEX: {
 :(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")
 case PUT_INDEX: {
   reagent base = current_instruction().ingredients.at(0);
-  canonize(base);
+  // Update PUT_INDEX base in Run
   int base_address = base.value;
   if (base_address == 0) {
     raise << maybe(current_recipe_name()) << "tried to access location 0 in '" << to_original_string(current_instruction()) << "'\n" << end();
     break;
   }
-  reagent offset = current_instruction().ingredients.at(1);
-  canonize(offset);
-  vector<double> offset_val(read_memory(offset));
+  reagent index = current_instruction().ingredients.at(1);
+  // Update PUT_INDEX index in Run
+  vector<double> index_val(read_memory(index));
   type_tree* element_type = array_element(base.type);
-  if (offset_val.at(0) < 0 || offset_val.at(0) >= get_or_insert(Memory, base_address)) {
-    raise << maybe(current_recipe_name()) << "invalid index " << no_scientific(offset_val.at(0)) << '\n' << end();
+  if (index_val.at(0) < 0 || index_val.at(0) >= get_or_insert(Memory, base_address)) {
+    raise << maybe(current_recipe_name()) << "invalid index " << no_scientific(index_val.at(0)) << '\n' << end();
     break;
   }
-  int address = base_address + 1 + offset_val.at(0)*size_of(element_type);
+  int address = base_address + 1 + index_val.at(0)*size_of(element_type);
   trace(9998, "run") << "address to copy to is " << address << end();
   // optimization: directly write the element rather than updating 'product'
   // and writing the entire array
@@ -438,24 +419,24 @@ case LENGTH: {
     raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "'length' expects exactly 2 ingredients in '" << to_original_string(inst) << "'\n" << end();
     break;
   }
-  reagent x = inst.ingredients.at(0);
-  canonize_type(x);
-  if (!is_mu_array(x)) {
-    raise << "tried to calculate length of non-array " << x.original_string << '\n' << end();
+  reagent array = inst.ingredients.at(0);
+  // Update LENGTH array in Check
+  if (!is_mu_array(array)) {
+    raise << "tried to calculate length of non-array " << array.original_string << '\n' << end();
     break;
   }
   break;
 }
 :(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")
 case LENGTH: {
-  reagent x = current_instruction().ingredients.at(0);
-  canonize(x);
-  if (x.value == 0) {
+  reagent array = current_instruction().ingredients.at(0);
+  // Update LENGTH array in Run
+  if (array.value == 0) {
     raise << maybe(current_recipe_name()) << "tried to access location 0 in '" << to_original_string(current_instruction()) << "'\n" << end();
     break;
   }
   products.resize(1);
-  products.at(0).push_back(get_or_insert(Memory, x.value));
+  products.at(0).push_back(get_or_insert(Memory, array.value));
   break;
 }
 
diff --git a/033exclusive_container.cc b/032exclusive_container.cc
index 4a7a5e40..ad82824d 100644
--- a/033exclusive_container.cc
+++ b/032exclusive_container.cc
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ case MAYBE_CONVERT: {
     break;
   }
   reagent base = inst.ingredients.at(0);
-  canonize_type(base);
+  // Update MAYBE_CONVERT base in Check
   if (!base.type || !base.type->value || get(Type, base.type->value).kind != EXCLUSIVE_CONTAINER) {
     raise << maybe(caller.name) << "first ingredient of 'maybe-convert' should be an exclusive-container, but got " << base.original_string << '\n' << end();
     break;
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ case MAYBE_CONVERT: {
     break;
   }
   reagent product = inst.products.at(0);
-  if (!canonize_type(product)) break;
+  // Update MAYBE_CONVERT product in Check
   reagent& offset = inst.ingredients.at(1);
   populate_value(offset);
   if (offset.value >= SIZE(get(Type, base.type->value).elements)) {
@@ -118,7 +118,9 @@ case MAYBE_CONVERT: {
     raise << maybe(caller.name) << "'maybe-convert " << base.original_string << ", " << inst.ingredients.at(1).original_string << "' should write to " << to_string(variant.type) << " but " << product.name << " has type " << to_string(product.type) << '\n' << end();
     break;
   }
-  if (!is_mu_boolean(inst.products.at(1))) {
+  reagent status = inst.products.at(1);
+  // Update MAYBE_CONVERT status in Check
+  if (!is_mu_boolean(status)) {
     raise << maybe(get(Recipe, r).name) << "second product yielded by 'maybe-convert' should be a boolean, but tried to write to " << inst.products.at(1).original_string << '\n' << end();
     break;
   }
@@ -127,7 +129,7 @@ case MAYBE_CONVERT: {
 :(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")
 case MAYBE_CONVERT: {
   reagent base = current_instruction().ingredients.at(0);
-  canonize(base);
+  // Update MAYBE_CONVERT base in Run
   int base_address = base.value;
   if (base_address == 0) {
     raise << maybe(current_recipe_name()) << "tried to access location 0 in '" << to_original_string(current_instruction()) << "'\n" << end();
@@ -135,9 +137,9 @@ case MAYBE_CONVERT: {
   }
   int tag = current_instruction().ingredients.at(1).value;
   reagent product = current_instruction().products.at(0);
-  canonize(product);
-  reagent did_conversion_happen = current_instruction().products.at(1);
-  canonize(did_conversion_happen);
+  // Update MAYBE_CONVERT product in Run
+  reagent status = current_instruction().products.at(1);
+  // Update MAYBE_CONVERT status in Run
   // optimization: directly write results to only update first product when necessary
   if (tag == static_cast<int>(get_or_insert(Memory, base_address))) {
     const reagent variant = variant_type(base, tag);
@@ -146,22 +148,22 @@ case MAYBE_CONVERT: {
       trace(9999, "mem") << "storing " << no_scientific(val) << " in location " << product.value+i << end();
       put(Memory, product.value+i, val);
     }
-    trace(9999, "mem") << "storing 1 in location " << did_conversion_happen.value << end();
-    put(Memory, did_conversion_happen.value, 1);
+    trace(9999, "mem") << "storing 1 in location " << status.value << end();
+    put(Memory, status.value, 1);
   }
   else {
-    trace(9999, "mem") << "storing 0 in location " << did_conversion_happen.value << end();
-    put(Memory, did_conversion_happen.value, 0);
+    trace(9999, "mem") << "storing 0 in location " << status.value << end();
+    put(Memory, status.value, 0);
   }
   goto finish_instruction;
 }
 
 :(code)
-const reagent variant_type(const reagent& canonized_base, int tag) {
+const reagent variant_type(const reagent& base, int tag) {
   assert(tag >= 0);
-  assert(contains_key(Type, canonized_base.type->value));
-  assert(!get(Type, canonized_base.type->value).name.empty());
-  const type_info& info = get(Type, canonized_base.type->value);
+  assert(contains_key(Type, base.type->value));
+  assert(!get(Type, base.type->value).name.empty());
+  const type_info& info = get(Type, base.type->value);
   assert(info.kind == EXCLUSIVE_CONTAINER);
   reagent element = info.elements.at(tag);
   // End variant_type Special-cases
@@ -384,7 +386,7 @@ if (current_step_index() < SIZE(Current_routine->steps())
     && !current_instruction().products.empty()
     && current_instruction().products.at(0).type) {
   reagent x = current_instruction().products.at(0);
-  canonize(x);
+  // Update size_mismatch Check for MERGE(x)
   if (get(Type, x.type->value).kind == EXCLUSIVE_CONTAINER)
     return size_of(x) < SIZE(data);
 }
diff --git a/033address.cc b/033address.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1b956fe0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/033address.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,387 @@
+//: Instructions can read from addresses pointing at other locations using the
+//: 'lookup' property.
+
+:(scenario copy_indirect)
+def main [
+  1:address:number <- copy 2/unsafe
+  2:number <- copy 34
+  # This loads location 1 as an address and looks up *that* location.
+  3:number <- copy 1:address:number/lookup
+]
++mem: storing 34 in location 3
+
+:(before "End Preprocess read_memory(x)")
+canonize(x);
+
+//: similarly, write to addresses pointing at other locations using the
+//: 'lookup' property
+:(scenario store_indirect)
+def main [
+  1:address:number <- copy 2/unsafe
+  1:address:number/lookup <- copy 34
+]
++mem: storing 34 in location 2
+
+:(before "End Preprocess write_memory(x)")
+canonize(x);
+if (x.value == 0) {
+  raise << "can't write to location 0 in '" << to_original_string(current_instruction()) << "'\n" << end();
+  return;
+}
+
+//: writes to address 0 always loudly fail
+:(scenario store_to_0_fails)
+% Hide_errors = true;
+def main [
+  1:address:number <- copy 0
+  1:address:number/lookup <- copy 34
+]
+-mem: storing 34 in location 0
++error: can't write to location 0 in '1:address:number/lookup <- copy 34'
+
+:(code)
+void canonize(reagent& x) {
+  if (is_literal(x)) return;
+  // End canonize(x) Special-cases
+  while (has_property(x, "lookup"))
+    lookup_memory(x);
+}
+
+void lookup_memory(reagent& x) {
+  if (!x.type || x.type->value != get(Type_ordinal, "address")) {
+    raise << maybe(current_recipe_name()) << "tried to /lookup " << x.original_string << " but it isn't an address\n" << end();
+    return;
+  }
+  // compute value
+  if (x.value == 0) {
+    raise << maybe(current_recipe_name()) << "tried to /lookup 0\n" << end();
+    return;
+  }
+  trace(9999, "mem") << "location " << x.value << " is " << no_scientific(get_or_insert(Memory, x.value)) << end();
+  x.set_value(get_or_insert(Memory, x.value));
+  drop_from_type(x, "address");
+  // End Drop Address In lookup_memory(x)
+  drop_one_lookup(x);
+}
+
+:(after "bool types_strictly_match(reagent to, reagent from)")
+  if (!canonize_type(to)) return false;
+  if (!canonize_type(from)) return false;
+
+:(after "bool is_mu_array(reagent r)")
+  if (!canonize_type(r)) return false;
+
+:(after "bool is_mu_address(reagent r)")
+  if (!canonize_type(r)) return false;
+
+:(after "bool is_mu_number(reagent r)")
+  if (!canonize_type(r)) return false;
+:(after "bool is_mu_boolean(reagent r)")
+  if (!canonize_type(r)) return false;
+
+:(after "Update product While Type-checking Merge")
+if (!canonize_type(product)) continue;
+
+:(before "End Compute Call Ingredient")
+canonize_type(ingredient);
+:(before "End Preprocess NEXT_INGREDIENT product")
+canonize_type(product);
+:(before "End Check REPLY Copy(lhs, rhs)
+canonize_type(lhs);
+canonize_type(rhs);
+
+:(code)
+bool canonize_type(reagent& r) {
+  while (has_property(r, "lookup")) {
+    if (!r.type || r.type->value != get(Type_ordinal, "address")) {
+      raise << "can't lookup non-address: " << to_string(r) << ": " << to_string(r.type) << '\n' << end();
+      return false;
+    }
+    drop_from_type(r, "address");
+    // End Drop Address In canonize_type(r)
+    drop_one_lookup(r);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void drop_from_type(reagent& r, string expected_type) {
+  if (r.type->name != expected_type) {
+    raise << "can't drop2 " << expected_type << " from " << to_string(r) << '\n' << end();
+    return;
+  }
+  type_tree* tmp = r.type;
+  r.type = tmp->right;
+  tmp->right = NULL;
+  delete tmp;
+}
+
+void drop_one_lookup(reagent& r) {
+  for (vector<pair<string, string_tree*> >::iterator p = r.properties.begin(); p != r.properties.end(); ++p) {
+    if (p->first == "lookup") {
+      r.properties.erase(p);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  assert(false);
+}
+
+//:: 'get' can read from container address
+:(scenario get_indirect)
+def main [
+  1:number <- copy 2
+  2:number <- copy 34
+  3:number <- copy 35
+  4:number <- get 1:address:point/lookup, 0:offset
+]
++mem: storing 34 in location 4
+
+:(scenario get_indirect2)
+def main [
+  1:number <- copy 2
+  2:number <- copy 34
+  3:number <- copy 35
+  4:address:number <- copy 5/unsafe
+  *4:address:number <- get 1:address:point/lookup, 0:offset
+]
++mem: storing 34 in location 5
+
+:(scenario include_nonlookup_properties)
+def main [
+  1:number <- copy 2
+  2:number <- copy 34
+  3:number <- copy 35
+  4:number <- get 1:address:point/lookup/foo, 0:offset
+]
++mem: storing 34 in location 4
+
+:(after "Update GET base in Check")
+if (!canonize_type(base)) break;
+:(after "Update GET product in Check")
+if (!canonize_type(product)) break;
+:(after "Update GET base in Run")
+canonize(base);
+
+:(scenario put_indirect)
+# 'put' can read from container address
+def main [
+  1:number <- copy 2
+  2:number <- copy 34
+  3:number <- copy 35
+  1:address:point/lookup <- put 1:address:point/lookup, 0:offset, 36
+]
++mem: storing 36 in location 2
+
+:(after "Update PUT base in Check")
+if (!canonize_type(base)) break;
+:(after "Update PUT offset in Check")
+if (!canonize_type(offset)) break;
+:(after "Update PUT base in Run")
+canonize(base);
+
+:(scenario copy_array_indirect)
+def main [
+  1:array:number:3 <- create-array
+  2:number <- copy 14
+  3:number <- copy 15
+  4:number <- copy 16
+  5:address:array:number <- copy 1/unsafe
+  6:array:number <- copy *5:address:array:number
+]
++mem: storing 3 in location 6
++mem: storing 14 in location 7
++mem: storing 15 in location 8
++mem: storing 16 in location 9
+
+:(before "Update CREATE_ARRAY product in Check")
+// 'create-array' does not support indirection. Static arrays are meant to be
+// allocated on the 'stack'.
+assert(!has_property(product, "lookup"));
+:(before "Update CREATE_ARRAY product in Run")
+// 'create-array' does not support indirection. Static arrays are meant to be
+// allocated on the 'stack'.
+assert(!has_property(product, "lookup"));
+
+:(scenario index_indirect)
+def main [
+  1:array:number:3 <- create-array
+  2:number <- copy 14
+  3:number <- copy 15
+  4:number <- copy 16
+  5:address:array:number <- copy 1/unsafe
+  6:number <- index 5:address:array:number/lookup, 1
+]
++mem: storing 15 in location 6
+
+:(before "Update INDEX base in Check")
+if (!canonize_type(base)) break;
+:(before "Update INDEX index in Check")
+if (!canonize_type(index)) break;
+:(before "Update INDEX product in Check")
+if (!canonize_type(product)) break;
+
+:(before "Update INDEX base in Run")
+canonize(base);
+:(before "Update INDEX index in Run")
+canonize(index);
+
+:(scenario put_index_indirect)
+def main [
+  1:array:number:3 <- create-array
+  2:number <- copy 14
+  3:number <- copy 15
+  4:number <- copy 16
+  5:address:array:number <- copy 1/unsafe
+  5:address:array:number/lookup <- put-index 5:address:array:number/lookup, 1, 34
+]
++mem: storing 34 in location 3
+
+:(scenario put_index_indirect_2)
+def main [
+  1:array:number:3 <- create-array
+  2:number <- copy 14
+  3:number <- copy 15
+  4:number <- copy 16
+  5:address:number <- copy 6/unsafe
+  6:number <- copy 1
+  5:address:array:number/lookup <- put-index 1:array:number:3, 5:address:number/lookup, 34
+]
++mem: storing 34 in location 3
+
+:(before "Update PUT_INDEX base in Check")
+if (!canonize_type(base)) break;
+:(before "Update PUT_INDEX index in Check")
+if (!canonize_type(index)) break;
+:(before "Update PUT_INDEX value in Check")
+if (!canonize_type(value)) break;
+
+:(before "Update PUT_INDEX base in Run")
+canonize(base);
+:(before "Update PUT_INDEX index in Run")
+canonize(index);
+
+:(scenario length_indirect)
+def main [
+  1:array:number:3 <- create-array
+  2:number <- copy 14
+  3:number <- copy 15
+  4:number <- copy 16
+  5:address:array:number <- copy 1/unsafe
+  6:number <- length 5:address:array:number/lookup
+]
++mem: storing 3 in location 6
+
+:(before "Update LENGTH array in Check")
+if (!canonize_type(array)) break;
+:(before "Update LENGTH array in Run")
+canonize(array);
+
+:(scenario maybe_convert_indirect)
+def main [
+  1:number-or-point <- merge 0/number, 34
+  10:address:number-or-point <- copy 1/unsafe
+  11:number, 12:boolean <- maybe-convert 10:address:number-or-point/lookup, i:variant
+]
++mem: storing 34 in location 11
++mem: storing 1 in location 12
+
+:(scenario maybe_convert_indirect_2)
+def main [
+  1:number-or-point <- merge 0/number, 34
+  10:address:number-or-point <- copy 1/unsafe
+  11:address:number <- copy 20/unsafe
+  11:address:number/lookup, 12:boolean <- maybe-convert 10:address:number-or-point/lookup, i:variant
+]
++mem: storing 34 in location 20
++mem: storing 1 in location 12
+
+:(scenario maybe_convert_indirect_3)
+def main [
+  1:number-or-point <- merge 0/number, 34
+  10:address:number-or-point <- copy 1/unsafe
+  12:address:boolean <- copy 20/unsafe
+  11:number, 12:address:boolean/lookup <- maybe-convert 10:address:number-or-point/lookup, i:variant
+]
++mem: storing 34 in location 11
++mem: storing 1 in location 20
+
+:(before "Update MAYBE_CONVERT base in Check")
+if (!canonize_type(base)) break;
+:(before "Update MAYBE_CONVERT product in Check")
+if (!canonize_type(product)) break;
+:(before "Update MAYBE_CONVERT status in Check")
+if (!canonize_type(status)) break;
+
+:(before "Update MAYBE_CONVERT base in Run")
+canonize(base);
+:(before "Update MAYBE_CONVERT product in Run")
+canonize(product);
+:(before "Update MAYBE_CONVERT status in Run")
+canonize(status);
+
+:(scenario merge_exclusive_container_indirect)
+def main [
+  1:address:number-or-point <- copy 10/unsafe
+  1:address:number-or-point/lookup <- merge 0/number, 34
+]
++mem: storing 0 in location 10
++mem: storing 34 in location 11
+
+:(before "Update size_mismatch Check for MERGE(x)
+canonize(x);
+
+//:: abbreviation for '/lookup': a prefix '*'
+
+:(scenario lookup_abbreviation)
+def main [
+  1:address:number <- copy 2/unsafe
+  2:number <- copy 34
+  3:number <- copy *1:address:number
+]
++parse: ingredient: {1: ("address" "number"), "lookup": ()}
++mem: storing 34 in location 3
+
+:(before "End Parsing reagent")
+{
+  while (!name.empty() && name.at(0) == '*') {
+    name.erase(0, 1);
+    properties.push_back(pair<string, string_tree*>("lookup", NULL));
+  }
+  if (name.empty())
+    raise << "illegal name " << original_string << '\n' << end();
+}
+
+//:: helpers for debugging
+
+:(before "End Primitive Recipe Declarations")
+_DUMP,
+:(before "End Primitive Recipe Numbers")
+put(Recipe_ordinal, "$dump", _DUMP);
+:(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")
+case _DUMP: {
+  reagent after_canonize = current_instruction().ingredients.at(0);
+  canonize(after_canonize);
+  cerr << maybe(current_recipe_name()) << current_instruction().ingredients.at(0).name << ' ' << no_scientific(current_instruction().ingredients.at(0).value) << " => " << no_scientific(after_canonize.value) << " => " << no_scientific(get_or_insert(Memory, after_canonize.value)) << '\n';
+  break;
+}
+
+//: grab an address, and then dump its value at intervals
+//: useful for tracking down memory corruption (writing to an out-of-bounds address)
+:(before "End Globals")
+int Bar = -1;
+:(before "End Primitive Recipe Declarations")
+_BAR,
+:(before "End Primitive Recipe Numbers")
+put(Recipe_ordinal, "$bar", _BAR);
+:(before "End Primitive Recipe Implementations")
+case _BAR: {
+  if (current_instruction().ingredients.empty()) {
+    if (Bar != -1) cerr << Bar << ": " << no_scientific(get_or_insert(Memory, Bar)) << '\n';
+    else cerr << '\n';
+  }
+  else {
+    reagent tmp = current_instruction().ingredients.at(0);
+    canonize(tmp);
+    Bar = tmp.value;
+  }
+  break;
+}
diff --git a/037new.cc b/034new.cc
index ec30fee1..ec30fee1 100644
--- a/037new.cc
+++ b/034new.cc
diff --git a/038location_array.cc b/035location_array.cc
index 86cf8e97..86cf8e97 100644
--- a/038location_array.cc
+++ b/035location_array.cc
diff --git a/057shape_shifting_container.cc b/057shape_shifting_container.cc
index acb3c7cb..40ec3521 100644
--- a/057shape_shifting_container.cc
+++ b/057shape_shifting_container.cc
@@ -190,9 +190,9 @@ def main [
 
 :(before "End element_type Special-cases")
 if (contains_type_ingredient(element)) {
-  if (!canonized_base.type->right)
-    raise << "illegal type " << names_to_string(canonized_base.type) << " seems to be missing a type ingredient or three\n" << end();
-  replace_type_ingredients(element.type, canonized_base.type->right, info);
+  if (!base.type->right)
+    raise << "illegal type " << names_to_string(base.type) << " seems to be missing a type ingredient or three\n" << end();
+  replace_type_ingredients(element.type, base.type->right, info);
 }
 
 :(code)
@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ def main [
 
 :(before "End variant_type Special-cases")
 if (contains_type_ingredient(element)) {
-  if (!canonized_base.type->right)
-    raise << "illegal type '" << to_string(canonized_base.type) << "' seems to be missing a type ingredient or three\n" << end();
-  replace_type_ingredients(element.type, canonized_base.type->right, info);
+  if (!base.type->right)
+    raise << "illegal type '" << to_string(base.type) << "' seems to be missing a type ingredient or three\n" << end();
+  replace_type_ingredients(element.type, base.type->right, info);
 }